JP2020525947A - 操作された画像の検出 - Google Patents

操作された画像の検出 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2020525947A
JP2020525947A JP2019572463A JP2019572463A JP2020525947A JP 2020525947 A JP2020525947 A JP 2020525947A JP 2019572463 A JP2019572463 A JP 2019572463A JP 2019572463 A JP2019572463 A JP 2019572463A JP 2020525947 A JP2020525947 A JP 2020525947A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
image
morphed
averaged
images
descriptor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2019572463A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2020525947A5 (enExample
Inventor
ビラパ ラジャ、キラン
ビラパ ラジャ、キラン
ラーマチャンドラ、ラガベンドラ
ヴェンカテッシュ、スシュマ
ブッシュ、クリストフ
Original Assignee
ノルウェージャン ユニバーシティ オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー（エヌティーエヌユー）
ノルウェージャン ユニバーシティ オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー（エヌティーエヌユー）
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ノルウェージャン ユニバーシティ オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー（エヌティーエヌユー）, ノルウェージャン ユニバーシティ オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー（エヌティーエヌユー） filed Critical ノルウェージャン ユニバーシティ オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー（エヌティーエヌユー）
Publication of JP2020525947A publication Critical patent/JP2020525947A/ja
Publication of JP2020525947A5 publication Critical patent/JP2020525947A5/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/31—User authentication
    • G06F21/32—User authentication using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/21—Design or setup of recognition systems or techniques; Extraction of features in feature space; Blind source separation
    • G06F18/214—Generating training patterns; Bootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/25—Fusion techniques
    • G06F18/253—Fusion techniques of extracted features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00—Machine learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
    • G06N3/045—Combinations of networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
    • G06N3/0464—Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/08—Learning methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/08—Learning methods
    • G06N3/09—Supervised learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N5/00—Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
    • G06N5/04—Inference or reasoning models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/40—Extraction of image or video features
    • G06V10/44—Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
    • G06V10/443—Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components by matching or filtering
    • G06V10/449—Biologically inspired filters, e.g. difference of Gaussians [DoG] or Gabor filters
    • G06V10/451—Biologically inspired filters, e.g. difference of Gaussians [DoG] or Gabor filters with interaction between the filter responses, e.g. cortical complex cells
    • G06V10/454—Integrating the filters into a hierarchical structure, e.g. convolutional neural networks [CNN]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
    • G06V10/77—Processing image or video features in feature spaces; using data integration or data reduction, e.g. principal component analysis [PCA] or independent component analysis [ICA] or self-organising maps [SOM]; Blind source separation
    • G06V10/80—Fusion, i.e. combining data from various sources at the sensor level, preprocessing level, feature extraction level or classification level
    • G06V10/806—Fusion, i.e. combining data from various sources at the sensor level, preprocessing level, feature extraction level or classification level of extracted features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
    • G06V10/82—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/161—Detection; Localisation; Normalisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/168—Feature extraction; Face representation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/16—Human faces, e.g. facial parts, sketches or expressions
    • G06V40/172—Classification, e.g. identification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/40—Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/24—Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • G06F18/2411—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on the proximity to a decision surface, e.g. support vector machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/24—Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • G06F18/2415—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on parametric or probabilistic models, e.g. based on likelihood ratio or false acceptance rate versus a false rejection rate

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
JP2019572463A 2017-06-30 2018-06-29 操作された画像の検出 Pending JP2020525947A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1710560.2A GB201710560D0 (en) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Detection of manipulated images
GB1710560.2 2017-06-30
PCT/EP2018/067692 WO2019002602A1 (en) 2017-06-30 2018-06-29 DETECTION OF MANIPULATED IMAGES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2020525947A true JP2020525947A (ja) 2020-08-27
JP2020525947A5 JP2020525947A5 (enExample) 2021-08-05

Family

ID=59592689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019572463A Pending JP2020525947A (ja) 2017-06-30 2018-06-29 操作された画像の検出

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US11450152B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3646238A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2020525947A (enExample)
CN (1) CN110998598A (enExample)
AU (1) AU2018292176B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA3068177A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB201710560D0 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2019002602A1 (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022162760A1 (ja) 2021-01-27 2022-08-04 富士通株式会社 判定方法、判定プログラム、および情報処理装置
WO2025009057A1 (ja) * 2023-07-04 2025-01-09 日本電気株式会社 情報処理装置、情報処理方法、及び、記録媒体

Families Citing this family (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10944767B2 (en) * 2018-02-01 2021-03-09 International Business Machines Corporation Identifying artificial artifacts in input data to detect adversarial attacks
WO2020075306A1 (ja) * 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 日本電気株式会社 情報処理装置、情報処理方法及び記録媒体
CN109801267B (zh) * 2018-12-27 2023-06-09 北京航天福道高技术股份有限公司 基于特征点检测与svm分类器的巡检目标缺陷检测方法
CN109919888B (zh) * 2019-02-26 2023-09-19 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 一种图像融合的方法、模型训练的方法以及相关装置
KR20210128505A (ko) * 2019-03-13 2021-10-26 주식회사 토모큐브 3차원 정량적 위상 이미징을 이용하여 미생물들을 식별
EP3948597A4 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-12-14 Drexel University LEARNED FORENSIC SOURCE SYSTEM FOR IMAGE CAPTURE DEVICE PATTERN IDENTIFICATION AND FORENSIC SIMILARITY OF DIGITAL IMAGES
US11495041B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-11-08 Jumio Corporation Biometric identification using composite hand images
US10769263B1 (en) 2019-05-07 2020-09-08 Alibaba Group Holding Limited Certificate verification
US11263467B2 (en) * 2019-05-15 2022-03-01 Apical Limited Image processing
FR3100070B1 (fr) 2019-08-21 2021-09-24 Idemia Identity & Security France Procédé de reconnaissance biométrique à contrôle de dérive et installation associée
CN111104852B (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-10-16 重庆邮电大学 一种基于启发式高斯云变换的人脸识别技术
JP7400959B2 (ja) 2020-05-11 2023-12-19 日本電気株式会社 判定装置、判定方法およびプログラム
CN111862030B (zh) * 2020-07-15 2024-02-09 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 一种人脸合成图检测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质
US11694480B2 (en) * 2020-07-27 2023-07-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus with liveness detection
CN116636217A (zh) * 2020-12-18 2023-08-22 华为技术有限公司 使用神经网络编码图像和解码码流的方法和装置
WO2022217294A1 (en) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Qualcomm Incorporated Personalized biometric anti-spoofing protection using machine learning and enrollment data
CN113436302B (zh) * 2021-06-08 2024-02-13 合肥综合性国家科学中心人工智能研究院(安徽省人工智能实验室) 一种人脸动画合成方法及系统
EP4105815A1 (en) * 2021-06-14 2022-12-21 Onfido Ltd Signal based machine learning fraud detection
EP4105825A1 (en) 2021-06-14 2022-12-21 Onfido Ltd Generalised anomaly detection
CN114078274B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2024-11-01 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 人脸图像检测方法、装置、电子设备以及存储介质
CN114092864B (zh) * 2022-01-19 2022-04-12 湖南信达通信息技术有限公司 伪造视频的识别方法、装置、电子设备及计算机存储介质
US11816174B2 (en) * 2022-03-29 2023-11-14 Ebay Inc. Enhanced search with morphed images
CN114913554A (zh) * 2022-04-22 2022-08-16 北京迈格威科技有限公司 一种训练攻击物料识别模型的方法、识别攻击物料的方法
CN115953780B (zh) * 2023-03-10 2023-06-20 清华大学 多维光场复杂场景图智能生成方法与系统
US20240370833A1 (en) * 2023-05-03 2024-11-07 Strategic Coach Method and an apparatus for schedule element classification
DE102023114634A1 (de) * 2023-06-02 2024-12-05 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Trainingsdaten zur erkennung von bildmorphing
US12437583B2 (en) 2023-10-17 2025-10-07 The Government of the United States of America, Secretary of Homeland Security Morphed image detection logic and surveillance systems
US12354412B1 (en) * 2023-10-17 2025-07-08 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Morphed image detection logic and surveillance systems
US20250190549A1 (en) * 2023-12-08 2025-06-12 Oz Forensics Software Trading Llc Out-of-distribution model for liveness detection
US12307826B1 (en) * 2024-11-26 2025-05-20 Daon Technology Electronic device and method for enhancing detection of morphed biometric data
US12450952B1 (en) * 2024-11-26 2025-10-21 Daon Technology Methods and systems for enhancing detection of morphed biometric modality data
US12413402B1 (en) 2025-01-23 2025-09-09 Daon Technology Methods and systems for enhancing detection of fraudulent authentication data

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6661906B1 (en) * 1996-12-19 2003-12-09 Omron Corporation Image creating apparatus
US7327860B2 (en) 2005-05-04 2008-02-05 West Virginia University Conjunctival scans for personal identification
CN106462549B (zh) * 2014-04-09 2020-02-21 尹度普有限公司 使用从显微变化中进行的机器学习来鉴定实体对象
WO2016074247A1 (en) * 2014-11-15 2016-05-19 Beijing Kuangshi Technology Co., Ltd. Face detection using machine learning
CN104504362A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2015-04-08 南京艾柯勒斯网络科技有限公司 基于卷积神经网络的人脸检测方法
US9552510B2 (en) * 2015-03-18 2017-01-24 Adobe Systems Incorporated Facial expression capture for character animation
HK1251691B (zh) 2015-06-16 2020-02-21 居米奥公司 用於假冒检测及活跃度分析的系统及方法
CN105760821B (zh) * 2016-01-31 2017-06-06 中国石油大学(华东) 基于核空间的分类聚集稀疏表示的人脸识别方法
CN106384083A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-08 上海交通大学 一种自动面部表情识别并进行信息推荐的方法
US10637874B2 (en) * 2016-09-01 2020-04-28 Cylance Inc. Container file analysis using machine learning model
CN106651830A (zh) * 2016-09-28 2017-05-10 华南理工大学 一种基于并行卷积神经网络的图像质量测试方法
CN106485251B (zh) * 2016-10-08 2019-12-24 天津工业大学 基于深度学习的鸡蛋胚胎分类

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
APARNA BHARATI ET AL.: "DETECTING FACIAL RETOUCHING USING SUPERVISED DEEP LEARNING", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY, JPN6022037472, 1 September 2016 (2016-09-01), US, pages 1903 - 1913, XP011613776, ISSN: 0005024788, DOI: 10.1109/TIFS.2016.2561898 *
R. RAGHAVENDRA ET AL.: "Detecting Morphed Face Images", 2016 IEEE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS), JPN6022037470, 6 September 2016 (2016-09-06), US, pages 1 - 7, XP033035149, ISSN: 0005024787, DOI: 10.1109/BTAS.2016.7791169 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022162760A1 (ja) 2021-01-27 2022-08-04 富士通株式会社 判定方法、判定プログラム、および情報処理装置
JPWO2022162760A1 (enExample) * 2021-01-27 2022-08-04
CN116724332A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2023-09-08 富士通株式会社 判定方法、判定程序、以及信息处理装置
JP7415202B2 (ja) 2021-01-27 2024-01-17 富士通株式会社 判定方法、判定プログラム、および情報処理装置
US12437373B2 (en) 2021-01-27 2025-10-07 Fujitsu Limited Determination method, non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing determination program, and information processing device
WO2025009057A1 (ja) * 2023-07-04 2025-01-09 日本電気株式会社 情報処理装置、情報処理方法、及び、記録媒体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11450152B2 (en) 2022-09-20
WO2019002602A1 (en) 2019-01-03
EP3646238A1 (en) 2020-05-06
US20200175290A1 (en) 2020-06-04
AU2018292176A1 (en) 2020-01-23
AU2018292176B2 (en) 2022-10-20
CN110998598A (zh) 2020-04-10
CA3068177A1 (en) 2019-01-03
GB201710560D0 (en) 2017-08-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2018292176B2 (en) Detection of manipulated images
Scherhag et al. Detection of face morphing attacks based on PRNU analysis
US11250285B2 (en) Detecting characteristics of identification documents
US11354917B2 (en) Detection of fraudulently generated and photocopied credential documents
Scherhag et al. Towards detection of morphed face images in electronic travel documents
Ramachandra et al. Towards making morphing attack detection robust using hybrid scale-space colour texture features
Raghavendra et al. Robust scheme for iris presentation attack detection using multiscale binarized statistical image features
Debiasi et al. PRNU-based detection of morphed face images
Liu et al. Data-fusion-based two-stage cascade framework for multimodality face anti-spoofing
Raghavendra et al. Presentation attack detection algorithms for finger vein biometrics: A comprehensive study
US10403076B2 (en) Method for securing and verifying a document
Scherhag et al. Performance variation of morphed face image detection algorithms across different datasets
CN105956572A (zh) 一种基于卷积神经网络的活体人脸检测方法
Sun et al. A face spoofing detection method based on domain adaptation and lossless size adaptation
Lin et al. Convolutional neural networks for face anti-spoofing and liveness detection
Pinto et al. Counteracting presentation attacks in face, fingerprint, and iris recognition
Jagtap et al. Offline handwritten signature recognition based on upper and lower envelope using eigen values
Kadiri et al. Morphed Picture Recognition using Machine Learning Algorithms
Chen et al. Domain generalization for document authentication against practical recapturing attacks
Sharifi Score-level-based face anti-spoofing system using handcrafted and deep learned characteristics
Kumar et al. Study of shadow and reflection based image forgery detection
Chakraborty et al. Review of various image processing techniques for currency note authentication
Rajan et al. An extensive study on currency recognition system using image processing
Bera et al. Spoofing detection on hand images using quality assessment
Singh et al. FDSNet: Finger dorsal image spoof detection network using light field camera

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20210628

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20210628

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20211029

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20220906

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20221125

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20230330