JP2020199975A - Fire spread prevention system of vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fire spread prevention system of a vessel capable of effectively suppressing diffusion of smoke and fire spread in a fire.SOLUTION: A fire spread prevention system of a vessel 1 regarding this invention includes: a fire-proof screen 2 capable of descending toward a floor surface 13 from a ceiling unit 12 of a vehicle deck 11 when a fire occurs on the vehicle deck 11; and a control device 3 for controlling descending of the fire-proof screen 2. The fire-proof screen 2 includes a first fire-proof screen 21 arranged along vessel length direction and a second fire-proof screen 22 arranged along vessel width direction and the vehicle deck 11 is partitioned into zones A to L when the first fire-proof screen 21 and the second fire-proof screen 22 are lowered.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a ship fire spread prevention system, and more particularly to a ship fire spread prevention system suitable for a ship having a vehicle deck capable of accommodating a large number of vehicles inside the hull.

For example, a ship such as a car carrier or a ferry has a vehicle deck having a large area inside the hull. Since there are few parts that partition a vast deck on such a vehicle deck, smoke and fire tend to spread throughout the vehicle deck when a fire occurs. Therefore, fire extinguishing equipment such as a sprinkler device required according to the applicable rules is provided on the vehicle deck. Further, as described in Patent Document 1, it has already been proposed to use a high-foaming fire extinguishing device having better fire extinguishing performance than a sprinkler device.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-30985

However, there have been many reports of cases in which the sprinkler device did not function effectively when the fire spread speed was high, and it was not possible to actually prevent the spread of fire on the vehicle deck. Further, even when a high-foaming fire extinguishing device is used, it is assumed that it does not function effectively when the fire spread speed is high. Furthermore, when a high-foaming fire extinguishing device is used, the foam fills the entire deck of the vehicle, which may spread to vehicles parked in a place where there is no fire, causing unnecessary damage. There is also.

The present invention has been devised in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ship fire spread prevention system capable of effectively suppressing smoke diffusion and fire spread.

According to the present invention, it is a ship fire spread prevention system provided with a vehicle deck capable of accommodating a large number of vehicles inside the hull, and when a fire breaks out on the vehicle deck, the ship faces from the ceiling of the vehicle deck to the floor surface. The fireproof screen is provided with a fireproof screen capable of descending and a control device for controlling the descent of the fireproof screen, and the fireproof screen is arranged along the first fireproof screen arranged along the captain's direction and along the ship width direction. Provided is a ship fire spread prevention system including a second fireproof screen, which is configured to partition the vehicle deck into a plurality of areas when the first fireproof screen and the second fireproof screen descend. Will be done.

The second refractory screen may be composed of a plurality of vertically long strips. Further, the second refractory screen may be arranged so as to partially overlap with the adjacent strip pieces.

The fireproof screen may be arranged so as to include at least one hull fire extinguishing system in an area surrounded by the first fireproof screen and the second fireproof screen.

The refractory screen may be arranged to form a passage for passengers.

The control device lowers the fireproof screen to a height that allows passengers to pass after the alarm of the fire alarm is generated, and the fireproof screen is placed on the floor before the fire extinguishing activity by the hull fire extinguishing equipment is started. The fireproof screen may be configured to be lowered stepwise by dividing it into a second descent that lowers the screen to the vicinity of the surface.

The control device may be configured to perform the first descent on all the refractory screens.

The control device may be configured to perform the second descent by selecting only refractory screens that can surround the source of the fire.

Further, the control device may be configured to perform the second descent on the refractory screen that has not performed the second descent before the passenger starts the outboard evacuation.

The control device may be configured to perform the first descent if the alarm is not a false alarm.

The control device may be configured to perform the first descent before initiating the initial fire extinguishing activity by the crew.

According to the ship fire spread prevention system according to the present invention described above, the vehicle deck can be divided into a plurality of areas by lowering the fireproof screen in the event of a fire, and the diffusion of smoke and the spread of fire are effectively suppressed. can do. Further, even when a hull fire extinguishing system such as a foam fire extinguishing device is used, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of unnecessary bubbles.

It is an overall block diagram which shows the fire spread prevention system of a ship which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a partial cross-sectional view of a ship which shows the 2nd refractory screen, (A) shows the state which was first lowered, (B) is the state which was lowered second. It is a figure which shows an example of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the behavior of the refractory screen based on the descent processing flow shown in FIG. 3, (A) is the initial state, (B) is the state which all the refractory screens are first lowered. It is a figure which shows the behavior of the refractory screen based on the processing flow shown in FIG. 3, (A) is the state which a part of refractory screen is lowered second, and (B) is the state that all the refractory screen is lowered second. It is in a state of being. It is a figure which shows the 1st modification example of the descent processing flow of a refractory screen. It is a figure which shows the 2nd modification of the descent processing flow of a refractory screen. It is a figure which shows the 3rd modification of the descent processing flow of a refractory screen. It is a figure which shows the modification of the arrangement of the refractory screen.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9. Here, FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a ship fire spread prevention system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2A and 2B are partial cross-sectional views of a ship showing a second refractory screen, where FIG. 2A shows a first lowered state and FIG. 2B shows a second lowered state.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fire spread prevention system for the ship 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention can descend from the ceiling portion 12 of the vehicle deck 11 toward the floor surface 13 when a fire breaks out on the vehicle deck 11. A fireproof screen 2 and a control device 3 for controlling the descent of the fireproof screen 2 are provided.

Vessel 1 is provided with a vehicle deck 11 capable of accommodating a large number of vehicles inside the hull. Vessel 1 is, for example, a car carrier or a ferry. Such a ship 1 generally has a hierarchical structure, and vehicle decks 11 are often arranged on a plurality of floors. As shown by the arrows in FIG. 1, the ship width direction is the X direction and the captain direction is the Y direction. Further, in the ship 1 shown in FIG. 1, the upper side of the figure shows the bow portion 1b, and the lower side of the figure shows the stern portion 1s.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a certain vehicle deck 11. The rectangular frames shown on the vehicle deck 11 each mean a parking space for the vehicle. Further, a staircase 14 for passengers to move up and down floors may be arranged on the bow portion 1b, the hull center portion 1 m, and the stern portion 1s of the vehicle deck 11. Further, the elevator 15 and the engine casing 16 may be arranged in the central portion 1 m of the hull.

Further, a plurality of fire alarms (not shown) are arranged on the wall surface and the ceiling portion 12 of the vehicle deck 11. Further, a plurality of hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 are arranged on the ceiling portion 12 of the vehicle deck 11. The hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 is, for example, a sprinkler device or a foam fire extinguishing device. In FIG. 1, for convenience of explanation, the position where the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 is arranged is simplified and indicated by a black circle.

The fireproof screen 2 is composed of, for example, a first fireproof screen 21 arranged along the captain's direction (Y direction) and a second fireproof screen 22 arranged along the ship width direction (X direction). .. In addition, in this specification, when simply displaying "fireproof screen", it shall include both "first fireproof screen" and "second fireproof screen".

The fireproof screen 2 is composed of a flexible sheet member such as a heat resistant cloth or a heat resistant glass cloth. In the present embodiment, the refractory screen 2 is housed in the ceiling portion 12 of the vehicle deck 11 in a state of being wound around a shaft or in a state of being bellows-folded in a frame in a normal state (when not in use). The refractory screen 2 can be arbitrarily selected and used from commercially available ones.

In FIG. 1, the first refractory screen 21 is arranged substantially on the hull center line and is indicated by a solid line. Further, in FIG. 1, the second fireproof screen 22 is arranged so as to divide the hull into six parts from the bow portion 1b to the stern portion 1s, and is indicated by a dotted line.

By arranging the first fireproof screen 21 and the second fireproof screen 22 in a grid pattern in this way, the vehicle decks 11 are arranged in twelve regions A to L when the first fireproof screen 21 and the second fireproof screen 22 are lowered. Can be partitioned into areas of. The area numbers are displayed in large gray alphabets in each area. Further, as illustrated, the fireproof screen 2 is arranged so as to include at least one hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 in each of the areas A to L.

The area partitioned by the first fire-resistant screen 21 and the second fire-resistant screen 22 is not limited to the illustrated areas A to L, and may be arranged in an arbitrary number and position according to the arrangement of the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17. Can be partitioned. Further, a plurality of hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 may be included in one area.

The first fireproof screen 21 is arranged, for example, on the substantially center line of the hull, and is composed of six sheet members. Specifically, the first sheet is in the range that divides the area A and B, the second sheet is in the range that divides the area C and D, the third sheet is in the range that divides the area E and the area F, the area G, and so on. The fourth sheet member is arranged in the range for dividing the area H, the fifth sheet member is arranged in the range for dividing the area I and the area J, and the sixth sheet member is arranged in the range for dividing the area K and the area L.

In the present embodiment, the first refractory screen 21 is divided into regions divided in the captain direction (Y direction), but the seat members may be arranged so as to straddle the plurality of regions.

The second refractory screen 22 is arranged from the vicinity of the starboard side wall surface to the vicinity of the port side side wall surface, and is composed of a plurality of vertically long strip pieces 22a, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 (B). Adjacent strip pieces 22a may be arranged so as to partially overlap each other. By wrapping the strip pieces 22a in this way, even when the strip pieces 22a come into contact with an obstacle and are bent, the gap generated between the strip pieces 22a and the adjacent strip pieces 22a can be reduced.

Since the first fireproof screen 21 is arranged along the captain's direction (Y direction), the first fireproof screen 21 can be arranged at a position where the vehicle is not parked. Therefore, the first refractory screen 21 is unlikely to come into contact with an obstacle such as a vehicle when descending, and can be made of a seat member having a large area.

On the other hand, since the second fireproof screen 22 is arranged along the ship width direction (X direction), there is a high possibility that the second fireproof screen 22 will come into contact with an obstacle such as a vehicle when descending. By configuring the second fireproof screen 22 with a plurality of strip pieces 22a, the strip pieces 22a that come into contact with the obstacle do not descend any further, but the strip pieces 22a that do not come into contact with the obstacle can be lowered to a predetermined height. ..

As the width of the strip piece 22a is narrowed, the second refractory screen 22 can be deployed according to the outer shape of the obstacle, and the gap due to the obstacle can be reduced. The width of the strip piece 22a is appropriately set according to conditions such as the flexibility of the cloth constituting the second refractory screen 22.

As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the fireproof screen 2 has a first descent that lowers it to a height that allows passengers to pass, and as shown in FIG. 2 (B), near the floor surface 13 of the vehicle deck 11. It is configured to be able to descend step by step by dividing it into a second descent that lowers to. In addition, in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, only the second refractory screen 22 is shown. Further, for convenience of explanation, the second fireproof screen 22 is shaded.

Specifically, the refractory screen 2 is wound or folded to the first lowering position, then locked with a fastener such as a pin or a hook, and then wound or folded to the second lowering position. After that, it is locked with fasteners such as pins and hooks. The fastener is configured to be remotely controllable from a location away from the vehicle deck 11, such as a wheelhouse or a fire control room. Further, a weight for promoting descent may be arranged at the lower end of the refractory screen 2.

Here, the "height that passengers can pass through" means, for example, a height of about 150 to 200 cm from the floor surface 13. By setting such a height, the upper space of the vehicle deck 11 can be sufficiently closed, and the fireproof screen 2 does not become an obstacle when the passenger moves during fire extinguishing activities or evacuation. The "height that the passenger can pass through" is not limited to the above-mentioned numerical range as long as the passenger can pass through.

In general, the height of a large vehicle such as a trailer is about 380 cm at the maximum, so that when the fireproof screen 2 is first lowered, the second fireproof screen 22 comes into contact with the roof of the vehicle. In addition, in FIG. 2A, the rectangular shape shown by the dotted line means the vehicle mounted on the vehicle deck 11.

The descent of the fireproof screen 2 described above is controlled by the control device 3. The control device 3 is arranged at a location away from the vehicle deck 11, such as a wheelhouse or a fire control room. The control device 3 is configured so that, for example, the fireproof screen 2 is first lowered after the alarm of the fire alarm is generated, and a part of the fireproof screen 2 is secondly lowered before the fire extinguishing activity by the hull fire extinguishing equipment is started. Specifically, the control device 3 controls the descent of the fireproof screen 2 based on the descent processing flow shown in FIG.

Here, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen shown in FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the behavior of the refractory screen based on the processing flow shown in FIG. 3, where FIG. 4A is an initial state and FIG. 4B is a state in which all the refractory screens are first lowered. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the behavior of the refractory screen based on the processing flow shown in FIG. 3, in which FIG. 5A shows a state in which a part of the refractory screen is second lowered, and FIG. 5B shows all the refractory screens. The second lowered state.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the refractory screen 2 is held in a state of being housed in the ceiling portion 12 in a normal state (a state in which no fire has occurred). Here, the accommodation state of the refractory screen 2 is indicated by a dotted line.

After that, when the alarm of the fire alarm occurs (Step 1), the crew confirms the fire (Step 2). This fire confirmation step may be performed based on the image of the surveillance camera installed on the vehicle deck 11, or the crew may visit the vehicle deck 11 where the alarm of the fire alarm is generated and visually perform the fire confirmation step. Good. Then, the crew determines whether or not the alarm of the fire alarm is a false alarm (Step 3).

If the alarm of the fire alarm is a false alarm, the process ends without lowering the fireproof screen 2. On the other hand, if the alarm of the fire alarm is not a false alarm, the control device 3 first lowers the fireproof screen 2 (Step 4). At this time, the control device 3 executes the first descent for all the refractory screens 2 as shown in FIG. 4 (B).

By first lowering all the fireproof screens 2, it is possible to form a grid-like partition on the ceiling portion 12 of the vehicle deck 11, and even if the source of the fire cannot be identified, smoke diffusion. And the spread of fire can be temporarily suppressed. In FIG. 4B, the state in which the refractory screen 2 is first lowered is indicated by a solid line.

After the fireproof screen 2 is first lowered, the crew performs the initial fire extinguishing activity (Step 5). That is, the control device 3 executes the first descent before starting the initial fire extinguishing activity by the crew. This initial fire extinguishing activity step is a step in which the crew extinguishes a fire using a fire extinguisher. At this time, since the fireproof screen 2 is in a state of being lowered to the vicinity of the roof of the vehicle, the fireproof screen 2 does not hinder the movement of the crew.

Then, it is confirmed whether or not the fire has been extinguished by the initial fire extinguishing activity (Step 6). When the fire is extinguished, the process is terminated without lowering the fireproof screen 2 second. On the other hand, when the fire is not extinguished, the control device 3 lowers only a part of the refractory screen 2 (Step 7). In FIG. 5A, the second lowered fireproof screen 2 is indicated by a thick line. Now, as shown in FIG. 5A, it is assumed that a fire breaks out in the shaded area. The x mark in the figure means the source of the fire.

At this time, the control device 3 selects only the refractory screen 2 (first refractory screen 211 and second refractory screen 221,222) surrounding the shaded area and lowers the second. That is, the control device 3 is configured to select only the refractory screen 2 capable of surrounding the fire source and perform the second descent. By lowering the refractory screen 2 surrounding the fire source in this way, the diffusion of smoke and the spread of fire can be blocked.

After surrounding the area where the fire is occurring with the fireproof screen 2, the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 performs fire extinguishing activities (Step 8). At this time, the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 can be used in a narrow area surrounded by the fireproof screen 2, and the fire extinguishing activity can be effectively performed. For example, even if the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 is a foam fire extinguishing device, it is sufficient to use only the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 included in the shaded area, and bubbles do not reach the vehicle that is less affected by the fire.

Then, it is confirmed whether or not the fire has been extinguished by the fire extinguishing activity by the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 (Step 9). When the fire is extinguished, the process is completed without lowering the remaining fireproof screen 2 second. On the other hand, if the fire is not extinguished, the control device 3 lowers all the remaining refractory screens 2 second (Step 10). In FIG. 5B, the refractory screen 2 in the second lowered state (that is, all the refractory screens 2) is indicated by a thick line.

If the fire is not extinguished by the fire extinguishing activity by the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17, the passengers are finally evacuated to the outboard (Step 11). That is, the control device 3 is configured to perform the second descent on the refractory screen 2 which has not performed the second descent before the passenger starts the outboard evacuation. At the time of outboard evacuation, all the fireproof screens 2 have descended to the floor surface 13 of the vehicle deck 11, so that even if the fire is not completely extinguished, the spread of smoke and the spread of the fire are suppressed. It is possible to evacuate passengers safely.

Next, a modified example of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. Here, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a first modification of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a second modification of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a third modification of the descent processing flow of the refractory screen. For the same steps as the descent processing flow shown in FIG. 3, the same step numbers are assigned and duplicate explanations are omitted.

In the first modification shown in FIG. 6, the step (Step 10) of lowering the remaining refractory screen 2 shown in FIG. 3 in the second step is omitted. For example, if the spread of smoke and the spread of fire are sufficiently suppressed by the fire extinguishing activity (Step 8) by the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17, the remaining fire-resistant screen 2 that has not been lowered second is not lowered second. , The passengers may be evacuated overboard.

In the step of second lowering the fireproof screen 2 (Step 7), only the fireproof screen 2 surrounding the fire source may be selected and secondly lowered, or all the fireproof screens 2 may be secondly lowered. You may. In this way, when all the fireproof screens 2 are secondly lowered in Step 7, the fire extinguishing activity can be performed using only the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 in the area including the fire source, and the passengers are outboard. It is also possible to suppress the spread of smoke and the spread of fire during evacuation.

In the second modification shown in FIG. 7, the step of performing the initial fire extinguishing activity by the crew shown in FIG. 3 (Step 5) and the step of confirming whether or not the fire has been extinguished by the initial fire extinguishing activity (Step 6) are omitted. .. Initial fire extinguishing activities may not be appropriate depending on the hull structure or fire conditions.

Therefore, after the fireproof screen 2 is first lowered (Step 4), the fire source may be specified (Step 12), and then the process may be shifted to the step (Step 7) in which only a part of the refractory screen 2 is lowered second. The source of the fire may be identified based on the image of the surveillance camera or the visual inspection of the crew.

If it is difficult to identify the source of the fire, the refractory screen 2 may be lowered second so as to surround the plurality of areas in Step 7. For example, the fireproof screens 2 on the bow 1b side or the stern 1s side may be collectively lowered for the second time.

In the third modification shown in FIG. 8, the step of confirming the fire by the crew shown in FIG. 3 (Step 2) and the step of confirming whether or not it is a false alarm (Step 3) are omitted. For example, if it is not desirable to move a ship or crew not equipped with a surveillance camera to the vehicle deck, the fireproof screen 2 is first lowered without checking whether the alarm of the fire alarm is a false alarm. You may let it.

By such a process, after the alarm of the fire alarm is generated, the time for confirming whether or not it is a false alarm can be omitted, and the fireproof screen 2 can be quickly lowered first. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of smoke and the spread of fire at an early stage.

Next, a modified example of the arrangement of the fireproof screen 2 will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a modified example of the arrangement of the refractory screen. In the illustrated modification, the fireproof screen 2 is arranged so as to form a passage 4 for passengers. In addition, in FIG. 9, the figure of the control device 3 and the hull fire extinguishing equipment 17 is omitted.

Specifically, the passage 4 is formed, for example, at the entrance portion of the staircase 14 and the portion along the hull wall surface. In the illustrated ship 1, since the staircase 14 is arranged at the bow portion 1b, the hull center portion 1 m, and the stern portion 1s, fire resistance is provided at each of the entrance portions of the staircase chamber 14 with a gap sufficient for a person to pass through. A screen 2 (eg, a second refractory screen 22) is arranged. Further, a fireproof screen 2 (for example, a first fireproof screen 21) is arranged on the starboard side and port side hull wall surfaces with a gap sufficient for a person to pass through.

By forming the passage 4 in this way, the area surrounded by the fireproof screen 2 from the hull center 1m to the bow 1b side and the area surrounded by the fireproof screen 2 from the hull center 1m to the stern 1s side. It can be divided into two parts, and it is possible to secure an evacuation route for passengers and a movement route for crew members along the wall surface of the hull, and secure a connecting passage that can move between starboard and port at 1 m in the center of the hull. be able to.

The arrangement of the passage 4 is not limited to the illustrated configuration, and can be arbitrarily changed according to the hull structure, the position of the staircase 14, the parking position of the vehicle, and the like. Further, as the fireproof screen 2 forming the passage 4, the second fireproof screen 22 may be arranged in the captain direction (Y direction), or the first fireproof screen 21 may be arranged in the ship width direction (X direction). Good.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the refractory screen 2 is divided into two stages and lowered stepwise is described, but the refractory screen 2 may be lowered to the floor surface 13 with one descent. It may be lowered in three or more stages.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1 Ship 1b Bow 1m Hull center 1s Stern 2 Fireproof screen 3 Control device 4 Passage 11 Vehicle deck 12 Ceiling 13 Floor 14 Staircase 15 Elevator 16 Engine casing 17 Hull fire extinguishing equipment 21,211 First fireproof screen 22, 221,222 Second fireproof screen 22a strip piece

Claims (11)

A ship fire prevention system equipped with a vehicle deck that can accommodate a large number of vehicles inside the hull.
A fireproof screen that can descend from the ceiling of the vehicle deck toward the floor when a fire breaks out on the vehicle deck.
A control device for controlling the descent of the refractory screen is provided.
The fireproof screen includes a first fireproof screen arranged along the captain's direction and a second fireproof screen arranged along the ship width direction, and the vehicle is lowered when the first fireproof screen and the second fireproof screen are lowered. It is configured to divide the deck into multiple areas,
A ship fire prevention system characterized by this. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the second refractory screen is composed of a plurality of vertically long strips. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 2, wherein the second refractory screen is arranged so as to partially overlap with adjacent strip pieces. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the fireproof screen is arranged so as to include at least one hull fire extinguishing system in an area surrounded by the first fireproof screen and the second fireproof screen. .. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 1, wherein the fireproof screen is arranged so as to form a passage for passengers. The control device lowers the fireproof screen to a height that allows passengers to pass after the alarm of the fire alarm is generated, and lowers the fireproof screen to the floor before starting the fire extinguishing activity by the hull fire extinguishing equipment. The fire spread prevention system for a ship according to claim 1, which is configured to gradually lower the fireproof screen according to a second descent that lowers the screen to the vicinity of the surface. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the control device is configured to perform the first descent on all the refractory screens. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the control device is configured to perform the second descent by selecting only a refractory screen capable of surrounding the fire source. The second descent according to claim 6, wherein the control device is configured to perform the second descent on a refractory screen that has not performed the second descent before the passenger begins the outboard evacuation. Fire spread prevention system for ships. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the control device is configured to perform the first descent when the alarm is not a false alarm. The ship fire spread prevention system according to claim 6, wherein the control device is configured to perform the first descent before starting the initial fire extinguishing activity by the crew.