JP2020176805A - Heat pump water heater - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a heat pump water heater advantageous in suppression of electric charge.SOLUTION: A heat pump water heater has heating means having a heat pump cycle for heating water and capable of changing a heating capacity, a hot water storage tank, and control means for controlling a boiling-up operation to store hot water heated by the heating means in the hot water storage tank. The control means has a plurality of operation modes different in values (q1, q2, q3) of the heating capacity as control modes of the boiling-up operation. A ratio of the heating capacity to power consumption of the heating means is energy consumption efficiency. The energy consumption efficiency COP1 of a minimum heating capacity mode of the minimum heating capacity q1, among the plurality of operation modes, is energy consumption efficiency COP3 or more, of a rated heating capacity mode of the rated heating capacity q3 higher than the minimum heating capacity q1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to a heat pump water heater.

In Patent Document 1 below, in a heat pump water heater, a compressor is operated between a lower limit rotation speed that secures a predetermined heating capacity and an upper limit rotation speed that is a predetermined amount lower than the maximum rotation speed, and a hot water storage tank is provided. A technique is disclosed in which the larger the amount of heat stored in the hot water, the lower the rotation speed of the compressor to operate the compressor.

Japanese Patent No. 4453662

In the technique of Patent Document 1, there is a possibility that the amount of power consumed when the required amount of heat is generated by the boiling operation is increased. Therefore, the electricity charge of the user of the heat pump water heater may increase.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump water heater which is advantageous in suppressing electric power charges.

The heat pump water heater according to the present invention has a heat pump cycle for heating water, and controls a heating means whose heating capacity can be changed, a hot water storage tank, and a boiling operation for storing hot water heated by the heating means in the hot water storage tank. The control means has a plurality of operation modes in which the value of the heating capacity is different as the control mode of the boiling operation, and the ratio of the heating capacity to the power consumption of the heating means is the energy consumption efficiency. The energy consumption efficiency of the minimum heating capacity mode, which is the minimum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes, is equal to or higher than the energy consumption efficiency of the rated heating capacity mode, which is the rated heating capacity larger than the minimum heating capacity.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a heat pump water heater that is advantageous in suppressing electric power charges.

It is an overall block diagram which shows the heat pump water heater by Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of water and the refrigerant at the time of the boiling operation in the heat pump water heater by Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the heating capacity of a heat pump unit, and COP. It is a control flowchart of the boiling operation in the midnight time zone in the heat pump water heater according to Embodiment 1. It is a table showing the relationship between the target boiling temperature, the amount of heat remaining in the hot water, and the heating capacity.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Common or corresponding elements in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals to simplify or omit duplicate description. In the present embodiment, the calorific value of hot water is calculated as, for example, the difference with respect to the calorific value of water having a water temperature equal to that of water supplied from a water source. Further, in the present embodiment, when describing the calorific value of hot water, in principle, the calorific value of hot water is described in units of the hot water amount [L] when converted to the heat amount of hot water having a predetermined reference hot water supply temperature. The value of the reference hot water supply temperature may be, for example, 42 ° C.

Embodiment 1.
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat pump water heater of the present embodiment is a hot water storage type heat pump water heater including a heat pump unit 100 corresponding to a heating means for heating water and a hot water storage unit 200 having a hot water storage tank 11. is there. The heat pump unit 100 and the hot water storage unit 200 are connected to each other via a pipe 16a and a pipe 16k through which water passes and an electric wiring (not shown). The heat pump water heater of the present embodiment may be, for example, one for home use or one used in a facility or the like.

The heat pump unit 100 has equipment such as a compressor 1, a water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2, an expansion valve 3, and an air heat exchanger 4, and is operated by electric power. These devices are connected in a ring shape by piping or the like, and constitute a refrigerant circuit 101 in which the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 1. The refrigerant circuit 101 corresponds to a heat pump cycle for heating water. The water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2 exchanges heat between water and a refrigerant, and has an inlet and an outlet for water. In the following description, the hot water heated by the heat pump unit 100 may be referred to as "heated water". The water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 heats the water flowing in from the inflow port with the refrigerant, and causes the heated water to flow out from the outflow port. Further, the air heat exchanger 4 exchanges heat between the air and the refrigerant. The heat pump unit 100 further includes a fan 5 that blows outside air to the air heat exchanger 4. In the present disclosure, when the term "water" or "hot water" is simply used, liquid water of any temperature, from low-temperature water to high-temperature hot water, may be included.

In addition to the hot water storage tank 11, the hot water storage unit 200 includes a circulation pump 6a, a reheating pump 6b, a switching valve 7, a switching valve 8, a switching valve 9, a mixing valve 10, and the like. The circulation pump 6a circulates water (including heated water) in the hot water storage circuit 201 and the reheating circuit 202, which will be described later, and sends the water toward the inflow port of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2. The circulation pump 6a constitutes a part of the hot water storage circuit 201 and the reheating circuit 202. The reheating pump 6b sends water from the bathtub (not shown) toward the reheating heat exchanger 12. The switching valve 7 is composed of, for example, an electromagnetically driven four-way valve having four ports, A port, B port, C port, and D port. The switching valve 7 constitutes a switching mechanism for switching the flow path of the heated water flowing out from the outlet of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 between the switching valve 8 and the low temperature water return port 11e at the bottom of the hot water storage tank 11. There is. Further, the switching valve 7 constitutes a switching mechanism for returning the hot water flowing out from the high temperature water outlet 11a above the hot water storage tank 11 to the low temperature water return port 11e.

The switching valve 8 is composed of, for example, an electromagnetically driven four-way valve having four ports, an E port, an F port, a G port, and an H port. The switching valve 8 exchanges reheating heat with the reheating return port 11c at the intermediate height portion of the hot water storage tank 11 and the high temperature water outflow port 11b at the upper part of the hot water storage tank 11 through the flow path of the water flowing in from the E port. A switching mechanism for switching to the vessel 12 is configured. The switching valve 9 is composed of, for example, an electromagnetically driven three-way valve having three ports, an I port, a J port, and a K port. The switching valve 9 has a flow path state in which the water flowing out from the water intake port 11f at the bottom of the hot water storage tank 11 passes through the circulation pump 6a and flows into the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2, and flows out from the reheating heat exchanger 12. It constitutes a switching mechanism for switching between a flow path state in which water passes through the circulation pump 6a and flows into the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2.

The mixing valve 10 has three ports, an L port, an M port, and an N port. The mixing valve 10 mixes or selects the medium-temperature water taken out from the medium-temperature water outlet 11d at the intermediate height portion of the hot water storage tank 11 and the low-temperature water from the water supply end connected to the water source, and the hot water supply mixing unit 15 Let it flow out to. The hot water storage tank 11 stores heated water. The hot water storage tank 11 is located at the lower part of the hot water storage tank 11 in addition to the above-mentioned high temperature water outlet 11a, high temperature water outflow port 11b, reheating return port 11c, medium temperature water intake port 11d, low temperature water return port 11e, and water intake port 11f. It is equipped with a water supply port of 11 g. The water supply port 11g is connected to the water supply end via a pipe 16p. The low temperature water supplied from the water supply end flows into the hot water storage tank 11 through the pipe 16p.

The outlet of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2 is connected to the A port of the switching valve 7 via the pipe 16a. The B port of the switching valve 7 is connected to the E port of the switching valve 8 via the pipe 16b. The F port of the switching valve 8 is connected to the high temperature water outlet 11a via the pipe 16c and the pipe 16d. Further, the F port is connected to the primary side inflow port of the reheating heat exchanger 12 via the pipe 16c and the pipe 16e. The outlet on the primary side of the reheating heat exchanger 12 is connected to the J port of the switching valve 9 via the pipe 16f. Further, the outlet on the primary side of the reheating heat exchanger 12 is connected to a flow path connecting the medium temperature water intake outlet 11d and the L port of the mixing valve 10 via a pipe 16g. The I port of the switching valve 9 is connected to the water intake port 11f via the pipe 16h. The K port of the switching valve 9 is connected to the suction port of the circulation pump 6a via the pipe 16j. The discharge port of the circulation pump 6a is connected to the inflow port of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 via the pipe 16k. Further, the discharge port of the circulation pump 6a is connected to the C port of the switching valve 7 via the pipe 16l. The D port of the switching valve 7 is connected to the low temperature water return port 11e via a pipe 16 m. The H port of the switching valve 8 is connected to the high temperature water outflow port 11b via the pipe 16n and the pipe 16q. The G port of the switching valve 8 is connected to the reheating return port 11c via the pipe 16o.

The circulation pump 6a, the hot water storage tank 11, the pipes 16a, 16b, 16h, 16j, 16k, 16n, 16q, and the switching valves 7, 8 and 9 allow the heated water flowing out from the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 to enter the hot water storage tank 11. It constitutes a hot water storage circuit 201 for storing hot water.

The circulation pump 6a, the reheating heat exchanger 12, the pipes 16b, 16d, 16e, 16f, 16j, 16l, 16o, and the switching valves 7, 8 and 9 use the reheating heat exchanger 12 to heat the water to be heated on the load side. It constitutes a reheating circuit 202 for heating.

The water to be heated by the reheating heat exchanger 12 is not limited to the bathtub water described above, and may be, for example, circulating water for floor heating. The circulation pump 6a does not necessarily have to be installed in the hot water storage unit 200, and may be installed on the heat pump unit 100 side. Further, the high temperature water outflow port 11b, the medium temperature water outlet 11d, the pipe 16q, the mixing valve 10, and the hot water supply mixing section 15 constitute a hot water supply circuit 203 that takes out hot water from the hot water storage tank 11 and supplies hot water to the bathtub or the hot water supply end. There is.

In the present embodiment, the value of the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 100 by the refrigerant circuit 101 can be changed. In the following description, the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 100 by the refrigerant circuit 101 may be simply referred to as “heating capacity”. The heating capacity corresponds to the amount of heat given to water by the heat pump unit 100 per hour. The unit of heating capacity is, for example, kW (kilowatt). The compressor 1 is driven by a drive device (not shown) including, for example, an inverter-controlled DC brushless motor. In this case, by adjusting the rotation speed of the compressor 1 with the driving device, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 can be changed, or the value of the heating capacity can be changed. However, in the heat pump water heater of the present disclosure, it is not necessary to use such a drive device. For example, by mounting a plurality of compressors on the heat pump unit 100 and switching the number of compressors operating among them. , The pressure and temperature of the discharged refrigerant, or the value of the heating capacity may be changed.

Further, another structure may be added to the compressor 1. Such other structures include, for example, a container such as a suction muffler arranged on the suction side thereof to reduce refrigerant noise, and an oil separation device for separating and recovering the lubricating oil flowing out to the discharge side of the compressor 1. And can be mentioned. As the refrigerant of the heat pump unit 100, it is preferable to use a refrigerant capable of producing hot water at a high temperature, such as carbon dioxide, R410A, propane, propylene, etc., but the heat pump water heater of the present disclosure is limited to these refrigerants. It's not something.

Next, the control system of the heat pump water heater will be described. In the following description, the temperature of the heated water flowing out of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 is referred to as "boiling temperature". The heat pump unit 100 detects an incoming water temperature sensor 13a that detects the temperature of water flowing into the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2, a boiling temperature sensor 13b that detects the boiling temperature, and an outside air temperature around the heat pump unit 100. It is equipped with an outside air temperature sensor 13c. The boiling temperature sensor 13b is arranged near the outlet of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2. Further, the refrigerant circuit 101 includes a discharge temperature sensor 13d that detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1, a suction temperature sensor 13e that detects the temperature of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1, and an air heat exchanger 4. It is equipped with an evaporation temperature sensor 13f that detects the temperature of the refrigerant at the inlet or the intermediate portion of the refrigerant. The hot water storage unit 200 is provided with a plurality of hot water storage temperature sensors 13g, 13h, 13i, 13j. The hot water storage temperature sensors 13g, 13h, 13i, and 13j are installed in the hot water storage tank 11 at different heights, and detect the water temperature in the hot water storage tank 11 at each installation location.

The heat pump water heater of the present embodiment includes a control device 14 mounted on the heat pump unit 100 and a control device 50 mounted on the hot water storage unit 200. Each of the control device 14 and the control device 50 includes a microcomputer or the like having a memory and a processor. The control device 14 and the control device 50 are connected so as to be able to communicate in both directions. In the present embodiment, the control device 14 and the control device 50 cooperate to control the operation of the heat pump water heater. The control device 14 and the control device 50 correspond to the control means for controlling the boiling operation in which the hot water heated by the heat pump unit 100, that is, the heated water flows into the hot water storage tank 11.

Hereinafter, for convenience of description, the control device 14 and the control device 50 are collectively referred to simply as the "control device 50". That is, in the following description, it is described that the control device 50 executes the process, but the control device 14 may execute the process independently or the control device 50 may execute the process independently. Alternatively, the control device 14 and the control device 50 may be executed in cooperation with each other. Further, for example, the remote controller 51 may execute the process instead of the control device 14 and the control device 50. In that case, the remote controller 51 corresponds to the control means. Further, the control means of the heat pump water heater in the present disclosure is not limited to the configuration in which a plurality of control devices are linked as in the present embodiment, and may be configured by a single control device.

The control device 50 and the remote controller 51 can communicate in both directions by wired communication or wireless communication. The control device 50 and the remote controller 51 may be able to communicate with each other via a network. The remote controller 51 is an example of a user interface. The remote controller 51 has a display unit 51a for displaying information and an operation unit 51b operated by the user. The remote controller 51 may include a touch screen having the functions of both the display unit 51a and the operation unit 51b. By operating the remote controller 51, a human being such as a user can remotely control the heat pump water heater and make various settings. The display unit 51a has a function as a notification means for notifying a person such as a user of information. The remote controller 51 in the present embodiment includes the display unit 51a as the notification means, but as a modification, other notification means such as a voice guidance device may be provided. The remote controller 51 may be installed on a wall such as a kitchen, a living room, or a bathroom. Alternatively, for example, a mobile information terminal such as a smartphone may be configured to have a function as a user interface such as a remote controller 51. A plurality of remote controllers 51 may be able to communicate with the control device 50.

The output of various sensors included in the heat pump water heater and information on the operation contents of the user with respect to the remote controller 51 are input to the control device 50. The control device 50 controls the operations of the heat pump unit 100 and the hot water storage unit 200, respectively, based on these input information. For example, the control device 50 includes the operating state of the compressor 1, the circulation pump 6a, and the reheating pump 6b, the opening degree of the expansion valve 3, the switching valve 7, the switching valve 8, the switching valve 9, and the mixing valve 10. Controls the flow path direction or switching position of the. Further, the control device 50 executes a boiling operation, a reheating operation, and the like, as will be described later. The control device 50 executes control of the boiling temperature and control of the heating capacity of the refrigerant circuit 101 during the boiling operation.

The control device 50 may be further communicably connected to an external device (not shown). The external device may be, for example, a HEMS (Home Energy Management System) controller.

In the present embodiment, the midnight time zone is a time zone in which the unit price of electricity is cheaper than that of other time zones. The midnight time zone is, for example, a time zone from 23:00 to 7:00 the next morning. The daytime time zone is a time zone other than the midnight time zone. The daytime time zone is, for example, a time zone from 7:00 to 23:00. This daytime time zone is a time zone in which the unit price of electricity is higher than that of the midnight time zone. However, the midnight time zone and the daytime time zone are not limited to the examples in this embodiment, and their start time and end time may change depending on the contract with the electric power supply company or the like. Is. The control device 50 stores information on the start time and end time of the midnight time zone and the daytime time zone. The control device 50 has a timer function, and can determine whether the current time is in the midnight time zone or the daytime time zone. Further, the control device 50 may acquire information on the start time and the end time of the midnight time zone and the daytime time zone from the remote controller 51 or an external device.

The control device 50 in the present embodiment includes a hot water supply heat amount calculating means 52 for calculating the amount of heat used for hot water supply (hereinafter, referred to as "hot water supply heat amount"). The hot water supply heat amount calculation means 52 includes a hot water supply temperature detected by the hot water supply temperature sensor 13k, a hot water supply temperature detected by the hot water supply temperature sensor 13l, a hot water supply temperature detected by the bath hot water supply temperature sensor 13m, and a hot water supply flow rate detected by the hot water supply flow rate sensor 17a. And the hot water supply flow rate detected by the bath hot water supply flow rate sensor 17b, the amount of heat used for hot water supply is calculated. The water supply temperature detected by the water supply temperature sensor 13k is the temperature of the low temperature water supplied from the water source to the water supply end. The hot water supply temperature detected by the hot water supply temperature sensor 13l is the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water supply mixing unit 15 to the hot water supply end other than the bathtub. The hot water supply temperature detected by the bath hot water supply temperature sensor 13m is the temperature of the hot water supplied from the hot water supply mixing unit 15 to the bathtub. The hot water supply flow rate detected by the hot water supply flow rate sensor 17a is the flow rate of the hot water supplied from the hot water supply mixing unit 15 to the hot water supply end. The hot water supply flow rate detected by the bath hot water supply flow rate sensor 17b is the flow rate of the hot water supplied from the hot water supply mixing unit 15 to the bathtub.

The control device 50 has a function of learning the amount of heat used for hot water supply by storing data on the amount of heat used for hot water supply calculated by the hot water supply heat amount calculating means 52 in the past predetermined period (for example, the past two weeks). For example, the control device 50 learns the amount of heat used for hot water supply by statistically processing the amount of heat used for hot water supply in the past predetermined period. Further, the control device 50 may learn the amount of heat used for hot water supply every hour of the day. The amount of heat used for hot water supply in the past predetermined period corresponds to the past hot water supply load.

The heat pump water heater in the present embodiment may be provided with a setting means capable of setting the midnight time zone mode. For example, the user may be able to set the midnight time zone mode by operating the remote controller 51. Further, the control device 50 may be configured to set the midnight time zone mode when receiving a command from an external device such as a HEMS controller. The midnight time zone mode corresponds to a mode for reducing the electricity charge by storing a larger amount of heat in the hot water storage tank 11 especially in the midnight time zone when the unit price of electricity is low. When the midnight time zone mode is set, in the boiling operation in the midnight time zone, the control device 50 sets the heating capacity of the refrigerant circuit 101 to a predetermined maximum heating capacity, and the boiling temperature is a predetermined maximum. Control to the boiling temperature. As a result, since the boiling operation is concentrated in the midnight time zone, the running cost can be reduced when the amount of hot water supply used is such that the boiling operation in the daytime time zone is unnecessary. The maximum boiling temperature may be, for example, 90 ° C.

Next, the operation of the boiling operation of the heat pump water heater will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the flow of water and refrigerant during the boiling operation of the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, in the boiling operation, the refrigerant circuit 101 and the hot water storage circuit 201 are operated to heat the low-temperature water flowing out from the water intake port 11f of the hot water storage tank 11 by the refrigerant circuit 101 to exchange heat between the water and the refrigerant. The high-temperature heated water flowing out from the outlet of the vessel 2 is made to flow into the hot water storage tank 11 from the high-temperature water outflow port 11b.

The boiling operation will be further described below. In the refrigerant circuit 101, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 drops while radiating heat to the water flowing through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2. At this time, if the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure is equal to or lower than the critical pressure, the refrigerant dissipates heat while liquefying. Further, the high-pressure and low-temperature refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2 is depressurized to a low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state by passing through the expansion valve 3. Then, this refrigerant evaporates and is gasified by absorbing heat from the outside air while flowing through the air heat exchanger 4. The low-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the air heat exchanger 4 is sucked into the compressor 1 and circulates, so that this circulation forms a refrigeration cycle, that is, a heat pump cycle.

Further, the switching valve 7 connects the pipe 16a and the pipe 16b to each other, the switching valve 8 connects the pipe 16b and the pipe 16n to each other, and the switching valve 9 connects the pipe 16h and the pipe 16j to each other. .. As a result, the hot water storage circuit 201 is formed. Then, when the circulation pump 6a is activated, the water in the hot water storage tank 11 is introduced into the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2 from the water intake port 11f through the pipes 16h, 16j, 16k. Then, this water is heated by the gas refrigerant in the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2, becomes heated water, and flows out from the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2. This heated water passes through the pipes 16a, 16b, 16n, 16q and flows into the hot water storage tank 11 from the high temperature water outflow port 11b. In this way, when the boiling operation is executed, hot water is stored while maintaining a temperature distribution state in which the upper part of the hot water storage tank 11 becomes high temperature water and the lower part becomes low temperature water.

The hot water storage tank 11 is covered with a heat insulating material (not shown). The heat pump water heater according to the present embodiment may include an upper heat insulating material that covers the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 11 and a lower heat insulating material that covers the hot water storage tank 11 at a position lower than the upper heat insulating material. In that case, it is desirable that the heat transfer rate of the upper heat insulating material is smaller than the heat passing rate of the lower heat insulating material. As described above, the hot water storage tank 11 is a method of storing hot water in a laminated manner in which the upper part is high temperature and the lower part is low temperature, and the hot water storage temperature of the upper part of the hot water storage tank 11 is the hot water storage temperature of the lower part of the hot water storage tank 11. Higher than the temperature. By making the heat transfer rate of the upper heat insulating material smaller than the heat transfer rate of the lower heat insulating material, the heat insulating performance of the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 11 can be particularly improved. As a result, it is more advantageous to keep the amount of heat radiated from the hot water storage tank 11 low. In addition, since the structure of the lower heat insulating material can be made relatively simple, it is advantageous in cost reduction. The heat transfer rate of the upper heat insulating material may be smaller than the heat transfer rate of the lower heat insulating material by making the upper heat insulating material thicker than the lower heat insulating material, or the material of the lower heat insulating material (for example, foamed plastic). ), A material having a lower thermal conductivity (for example, a vacuum heat insulating material) may be used for the upper heat insulating material so that the heat passing rate of the upper heat insulating material becomes smaller than that of the lower heat insulating material.

Next, the temperature control of the heated water and the heating capacity control of the refrigerant circuit 101 executed by the control device 50 during the boiling operation will be described. First, the temperature control is feedback control of the rotation speed of the circulation pump 6a so that the boiling temperature detected by the boiling temperature sensor 13b becomes equal to a predetermined target boiling temperature. This feedback control is executed periodically, for example, at regular time intervals. In the boiling operation, hot water is stored in a state where the target boiling temperature is set to a predetermined target temperature for storing hot water. That is, the target boiling temperature is equal to the target hot water storage temperature. For example, the control device 50 sets a hot water storage target temperature, that is, a target boiling temperature so that the target heat storage amount can be stored in the hot water storage tank 11 in relation to the capacity of the hot water storage tank 11. The target heat storage amount is set based on, for example, the operation content of the remote controller 51, or is calculated based on the past amount of heat used for hot water supply. Further, the control device 50 is set so that the hot water storage target temperature, that is, the target boiling temperature is within a predetermined range (for example, 65 to 90 ° C.).

Since the above temperature control only controls the flow rate of the heated water entering and exiting the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 2, the maximum boiling temperature realized by the temperature control depends on the heating capacity of the refrigerant circuit 101. Therefore, even when the target boiling temperature is set to the maximum value within the set range (90 ° C. in the above example), the refrigerant circuit 101 is required to have a heating capacity capable of achieving this. Therefore, in the heating capacity control, for example, a target value (target heating capacity) of the heating capacity that satisfies the above requirements is set based on the amount of residual hot water or the amount of residual heat in the hot water storage tank 11, the outside air temperature, the water supply temperature, and the like, and the refrigerant circuit. The rotation speed of the compressor 1 and the like are controlled so that the actual heating capacity of 101 becomes equal to the target heating capacity. By controlling the heating capacity in this way, it is possible to stably secure the required boiling temperature regardless of how the target boiling temperature is set and the external conditions change. The heating capacity control is performed periodically, for example, at regular time intervals. Further, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is provided with an upper limit rotation speed and a lower limit rotation speed from the viewpoint of durability.

Further, in the present disclosure, as the heat pump unit 100, for example, not only a supercritical heat pump unit in which the pressure of the refrigerant is equal to or higher than the critical pressure, but also a heat pump unit operating below the critical pressure may be used. In this case, Freon gas, ammonia, or the like may be used as the refrigerant.

The control device 50 has a plurality of operation modes having different heating capacity values as control modes for boiling operation. The smaller the heating capacity, the lower the power consumption of the heat pump unit 100. In the present embodiment, the power consumption of the heat pump water heater can be reduced by selecting an operation mode having a small heating capacity, if necessary. This is advantageous in suppressing the power consumption of the household in which the heat pump water heater is installed, including other electric devices (hereinafter referred to as "household power consumption"), so as not to exceed the upper limit value.

The energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump unit 100 is expressed as the ratio of the heating capacity to the power consumption of the heat pump unit 100. In this embodiment, COP (Coefficient Of Performance) is used as the energy consumption efficiency. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating capacity of the heat pump unit 100 and the COP. Assuming that the heat pump unit 100 has the same specifications, the COP changes according to the heating capacity as shown in FIG.

The control device 50 in the present embodiment includes an operation mode in which the heating capacity is q1 and an operation mode in which the heating capacity is q3 as the control mode for the boiling operation. However, q1 <q3. The heating capacity q1 corresponds to the minimum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes. Hereinafter, the operation mode in which the heating capacity is set to the minimum heating capacity q1 is referred to as a "minimum heating capacity mode".

The heating capacity q3 corresponds to the rated heating capacity. The rated heating capacity corresponds to, for example, the heating capacity operated under the performance evaluation conditions according to the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Hereinafter, the operation mode in which the heating capacity is the rated heating capacity q3 is referred to as a “rated heating capacity mode”. In the present embodiment, this rated heating capacity mode corresponds to the maximum heating capacity mode which is the maximum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes.

As shown in FIG. 3, when the heating capacity is lowered from the maximum heating capacity, the COP increases as the heating capacity decreases. However, if the heating capacity is lower than a certain value, the COP decreases as the heating capacity decreases. Such a decrease in COP is due to the influence of the equipment that is a component of the heat pump unit 100, and is caused by, for example, a decrease in the efficiency of the compressor 1.

Hereinafter, the total power consumption when the heat pump unit 100 generates the same amount of heat is simply referred to as "total power consumption". The higher the energy consumption efficiency, the lower the total power consumption. In the present embodiment, assuming that the energy consumption efficiency in the minimum heating capacity mode is COP1 and the energy consumption efficiency in the rated heating capacity mode is COP3, COP1 is COP3 or more. Therefore, the total power consumption in the minimum heating capacity mode is equal to or less than the total power consumption in the rated heating capacity mode. As described above, in the present embodiment, when the heating capacity is made lower than the rated heating capacity and the minimum heating capacity mode is selected, the total power consumption is increased as compared with the rated heating capacity mode. This can be reliably prevented. Therefore, it is possible to surely suppress that the electric power charge when the minimum heating capacity mode is selected is higher than the electric power charge in the rated heating capacity mode. Therefore, the electricity charge can be surely suppressed.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, assuming that the heating capacity is lower than q1, the energy consumption efficiency may be lower than the energy consumption efficiency of the rated heating capacity q3, so that the total power consumption is higher than the rated heating capacity mode. It will be higher and the electricity charge may be higher than the rated heating capacity mode. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the heating capacity is not lowered below q1, the electric power charge can be surely suppressed.

The control device 50 in the present embodiment further includes an operation mode in which the heating capacity is q2 as a control mode for the boiling operation. However, q1 <q2 <q3. The operation mode in which the heating capacity is q2 corresponds to the intermediate capacity mode in which the heating capacity is larger than the minimum heating capacity mode and smaller than the rated heating capacity mode. The energy consumption efficiency COP2 in the intermediate capacity mode is higher than the energy consumption efficiency COP1 in the minimum heating capacity mode. In the present embodiment, by providing such an intermediate capacity mode, it is possible to further suppress the total power consumption as compared with the minimum heating capacity mode and the rated heating capacity mode. It becomes even more advantageous in suppressing. The heating capacity that maximizes the energy consumption efficiency may be set as the heating capacity q2 in the intermediate capacity mode.

In each of the plurality of operation modes described above, the control device 50 may control the heating capacity when the boiling operation becomes a steady state to the above value. For example, the control device 50 may consider a state in which the boiling temperature becomes equal to the target value as a “steady state”. In each of the plurality of operation modes described above, the heating capacity before the boiling operation becomes a steady state may be a value different from the above value. Further, the control device 50 may further include an operation mode in which the heating capacity is made larger than the rated heating capacity q3 as a control mode for the boiling operation.

FIG. 4 is a control flowchart of the boiling operation in the midnight time zone in the heat pump water heater according to the first embodiment. In the following description, the target amount of heat to be generated in the boiling operation in the midnight time zone is referred to as "the amount of heat required for boiling". The required amount of heat for boiling corresponds to the target amount of heat generated in one boiling operation. Further, the amount of heat of the hot water remaining in the hot water storage tank 11 before the boiling operation is executed is hereinafter referred to as "remaining hot water heat amount". The control device 50 calculates the amount of residual hot water heat using at least one of the temperatures detected by the hot water storage temperature sensors 13g to 13j. In the present embodiment, the required boiling heat amount and the residual hot water heat amount are calculated in units of the hot water amount [L] when converted to the heat amount of the hot water at the reference hot water supply temperature.

The control device 50 starts executing the process of the flowchart of FIG. 4, for example, at or immediately before the start time of the midnight time zone. In step S1 of FIG. 4, the control device 50 calculates the amount of heat required for boiling as follows. First, the control device 50 calculates the target heat storage amount to be stored in the hot water storage tank 11 by the end of the midnight time zone according to the usage record of the hot water learned within the past predetermined period and the conditions set by the user. To do. At this time, the control device 50 calculates that the larger the past hot water supply load, the larger the target heat storage amount. Next, the control device 50 calculates the required heat amount for boiling by subtracting the current remaining heat amount from the target heat storage amount.

Subsequently, as step S2, the control device 50 uses the required heating amount [L], the hot water storage tank capacity [L], and the remaining hot water volume [L], and follows the following equation (1) to achieve a target. The boiling temperature To is calculated.
To = required heat for boiling [L] x (standard hot water supply temperature [° C] -water supply temperature [° C]) / (hot water storage tank capacity [L] -remaining hot water volume [L]) + water supply temperature [° C] (1)

Here, the hot water storage tank capacity [L] is the capacity of the hot water storage tank 11. The remaining hot water volume [L] is the volume of hot water remaining in the hot water storage tank 11. The value obtained by subtracting the remaining hot water volume [L] from the hot water storage tank capacity [L] corresponds to the total volume of water heated from the start to the end of the boiling operation. In the present embodiment, the larger the past hot water supply load, the larger the amount of heat required for boiling, so that the target boiling temperature To becomes higher.

Next, as step S3, the control device 50 determines the heating capacity Q1 at the time of the boiling operation based on the target boiling temperature To and the residual hot water heat amount Lr. FIG. 5 is a table showing the relationship between the target boiling temperature To, the amount of heat remaining in the hot water Lr, and the heating capacity. In the present embodiment, the control device 50 determines the value of the heating capacity Q1 to be one of q1, q2, and q3 according to the table of FIG. Note that A, B, C, and D in FIG. 5 are reference values for determining whether the amount of heat remaining in the hot water Lr is large or small, and are values that satisfy A <B <C <D. Further, when the numerical value of the target boiling temperature To is a numerical value other than the numerical value in FIG. 5, the following is performed. For example, when the target boiling temperature To satisfies 70 ° C. <To ≦ 75 ° C., the heating capacity in the column of “75” in FIG. 5 is selected.

In the present embodiment, according to the table of FIG. 5, for example, it becomes as follows. When the amount of heat remaining in the hot water Lr satisfies A <Lr ≦ B and the target boiling temperature To is 80 ° C., the control device 50 determines the heating capacity Q1 = q2. That is, in this case, the control device 50 selects the intermediate capacity mode.

Further, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr satisfies A <Lr ≦ C, and the target boiling temperature To is 70 ° C. or lower, the minimum heating capacity mode is selected and the heating capacity Q1 = q1 is determined, and the target When the boiling temperature To exceeds 70 ° C and is 80 ° C or less, the intermediate capacity mode is selected and the heating capacity Q1 = q2 is determined, and when the target boiling temperature To exceeds 80 ° C, the rated capacity mode is selected. Is selected and the heating capacity Q1 = q3 is determined. As described above, in the control device 50, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr is equal, when the target boiling temperature To is high, that is, when the boiling required heat amount is large, when the target boiling temperature To is low, that is, the boiling required heat amount is small. Select one of the plurality of operation modes so that the heating capacity is larger than the case. As a result, even when the amount of heat required for boiling is large, it is possible to more reliably complete the boiling operation by the end time of the midnight time zone, so that the boiling operation during the daytime is avoided or minimized. It will be more advantageous on.

As described above, the difference between the target heat storage amount calculated based on the amount of heat used for hot water supply in the past predetermined period and the amount of residual hot water Lr before the execution of the boiling operation corresponds to the amount of heat required for boiling. Therefore, the larger the target heat storage amount, the larger the amount of heat required for boiling, and the higher the target boiling temperature To. Therefore, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr satisfies A <Lr ≦ C, the control device 50 has a plurality of operation modes so that the heating capacity becomes larger when the target heat storage amount is large than when the target heat storage amount is small. It can be said that one of them is selected. As a result, even when the target heat storage amount is large, it is possible to more reliably complete the boiling operation by the end time of the midnight time zone, so that the boiling operation during the daytime time can be avoided or minimized. Will be more advantageous.

Further, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr exceeds the first reference value C, the control device 50 determines that the heating capacity Q1 = q1 regardless of the target boiling temperature To. As described above, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr is larger than the first reference value C, the control device 50 in the present embodiment executes the boiling operation in the minimum heating capacity mode regardless of the required heating amount. This can increase the chances that the minimum heating capacity mode is selected, which is more advantageous in reducing household power consumption.

Further, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr is equal to or less than the second reference value A, which is smaller than the first reference value C, the control device 50 determines that the heating capacity Q1 = q3 regardless of the target boiling temperature To. .. As described above, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr is smaller than the second reference value A, the control device 50 in the present embodiment is boiled in the rated heating capacity mode, that is, the maximum heating capacity mode, regardless of the required heat amount for boiling. Perform driving. As a result, when the residual hot water heat amount Lr is small, the heat amount can be added to the hot water storage tank 11 in a short time, so that it is possible to more reliably prevent the hot water storage tank 11 from running out of hot water. Further, since the boiling operation can be completed more reliably by the end time of the midnight time zone, it is more advantageous in avoiding or minimizing the boiling operation in the daytime time zone.

As described above, the control device 50 in the present embodiment executes the boiling operation in the operation mode having a larger heating capacity as the residual hot water heat amount Lr is smaller and the past hot water supply load is larger. As a result, the target heat storage amount can be more reliably stored in the hot water storage tank 11 during the midnight time zone.

Following the process of step S3, the control device 50 calculates the required boiling time t1, which is the time required for the heat pump unit 100 to generate the required heating amount with the heating capacity Q1, and the boiling start time. (Step S4). The required boiling time t1 can be obtained, for example, based on a value obtained by dividing the required heating amount by the heating capacity Q1. The boiling start time is a time that goes back by the boiling time t1 from the end time of the midnight time zone (for example, 7:00 am).

Next, the control device 50 determines whether or not the boiling start time has come, that is, whether or not the current time has passed the boiling start time (step S5). When the boiling start time has come, the control device 50 starts the boiling operation of the heat pump unit 100 with the heating capacity Q1 (step S6).

During the execution of the boiling operation, the control device 50 calculates the amount of heat used for hot water supply used during the execution of the boiling operation, for example, as follows, and generates the amount of heat used for hot water supply exceeding the threshold value La [L]. (Step S7). During the execution of the boiling operation, the control device 50 calculates the total amount of heat used for hot water supply up to now by the hot water supply heat amount calculating means 52 at regular intervals. Then, the control device 50 determines whether or not the difference between the total amount of heat used for hot water supply La1 [L] calculated this time and the total amount of heat used for hot water supply La0 [L] at the start of the boiling operation exceeds the threshold value La [L]. To judge.

When the amount of heat used for hot water supply (La1 [L] -La0 [L]) used during the execution of the boiling operation exceeds the threshold value La [L], the control device 50 changes the heating capacity to Q1 = q3. (Step S8), the boiling operation is continued. The control device 50 ends the boiling operation when the generation of the required heating amount is completed or when the end time of the midnight time zone is reached (step S9).

According to the flowchart of FIG. 4, when the amount of heat used for hot water supply used during the execution of the boiling operation with the heating capacity lower than the maximum heating capacity mode, which is the maximum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes, exceeds the threshold value. The control device 50 continues the boiling operation after changing the heating capacity so as to have a higher heating capacity than before. As a result, even if a sudden hot water supply load occurs during the boiling operation in the midnight time zone, the boiling operation can be completed more reliably by the end time of the midnight time zone in the daytime. It is more advantageous in avoiding or minimizing the boiling operation during the time zone.

Further, when the control device 50 detects the use of hot water due to a change in the hot water supply flow rate detected by the hot water supply flow rate sensor 17a or the bath hot water supply flow rate sensor 17b during the boiling operation in the midnight time zone, the control device 50 is more than before. The boiling operation may be continued after changing the heating capacity so as to have a high heating capacity. As a result, the same effect as the above effect can be obtained.

The heat pump water heater of the present embodiment may include a real energy consumption efficiency acquisition means for acquiring the actual energy consumption efficiency which is the actual energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump unit 100. For example, a circulation flow rate sensor (not shown) for detecting the circulation flow rate of water flowing through the hot water storage circuit 201 and a power meter (not shown) for detecting the actual power consumption of the heat pump unit 100 are provided, and the control device 50 controls the circulation. The actual heating capacity of the heat pump unit 100 is calculated based on the flow rate, the water inlet temperature detected by the water inlet temperature sensor 13a, and the boiling temperature detected by the boiling temperature sensor 13b, and the actual heating capacity and the above-mentioned actual power consumption are calculated. The actual energy consumption efficiency may be calculated based on the above. The control device 50 may receive the information on the actual power consumption or the like by communicating with an external device (not shown) such as a home energy management system.

In the following description, the operation mode with a heating capacity lower than the rated heating capacity is referred to as a "low heating capacity mode". In the present embodiment, each of the minimum heating capacity mode and the intermediate heating capacity mode corresponds to the low heating capacity mode. The control device 50 may be as follows. The control device 50 stores in advance the value of the energy consumption efficiency assumed in the low heating capacity mode as the assumed energy consumption efficiency. During execution of the low heating capacity mode, the control device 50 switches from the low heating capacity mode to the rated heating capacity mode when the actual energy consumption efficiency is lower than the assumed energy consumption efficiency. As a result, the following effects can be obtained. Due to the effects of aging deterioration due to long-term use, the actual energy consumption efficiency in the low heating capacity mode may decrease. Specific causes thereof include, for example, deterioration of heat exchange performance due to scale adhering to the water flow path in the water refrigerant heat exchanger 2. When the actual energy consumption efficiency of the low heating capacity mode decreases due to such aged deterioration, by switching from the low heating capacity mode to the rated heating capacity mode, it is possible to suppress an increase in the total power consumption and at midnight. It becomes possible to complete the boiling operation more reliably by the end time, which is more advantageous in avoiding or minimizing the boiling operation during the daytime.

The heat pump water heater of the present embodiment may include a selection means that allows the user or other person to select in advance whether to enable or disable the change in the heating capacity. As such a selection means, for example, it is configured to enable or disable the change of the heating capacity by operating a button on the remote controller 51, and the control device 50 is enabled to change the heating capacity. The heating capacity may be made variable only when the heating capacity is changed. It may be required that the heating capacity does not fluctuate at the time of equipment certification for confirming the operation and performance of the equipment. In such a case, the operation of preventing the fluctuation of the heating capacity can be easily performed by invalidating the change of the heating capacity.

The heat pump water heater of the present embodiment notifies at least one of information on which of a plurality of operation modes is being executed and information on the current heating capacity during the execution of the boiling operation. A notification means may be provided. As such a notification means, for example, the above information may be displayed on the display unit 51a of the remote controller 51. This provides excellent convenience.

1 Compressor, 2 Water refrigerant heat exchanger, 3 Expansion valve, 4 Air heat exchanger, 5 Fan, 6a circulation pump, 6b Reheating pump, 7, 8, 9 switching valve, 10 Mixing valve, 11 Hot water storage tank, 11a High temperature water outlet, 11b High temperature water outflow port, 11c Reheating return port, 11d Medium temperature water intake port, 11e Low temperature water return port, 11f Water intake port, 11g Water supply port, 12 Reheating heat exchanger, 13a Water inlet temperature sensor, 13b Boiling temperature sensor, 13c outside air temperature sensor, 13d discharge temperature sensor, 13e suction temperature sensor, 13f evaporation temperature sensor, 13g, 13h, 13i, 13j hot water storage temperature sensor, 13k water supply temperature sensor, 13l hot water supply temperature sensor, 13m bath hot water supply temperature Sensor, 14 control device, 15 hot water supply mixing unit, 17a hot water supply flow rate sensor, 17b bath hot water supply flow rate sensor, 50 control device, 51 remote control, 51a display unit, 51b operation unit, 52 hot water supply heat amount calculation means, 100 heat pump unit, 101 refrigerant circuit , 200 hot water storage unit, 201 hot water storage circuit, 202 reheating circuit, 203 hot water supply circuit

Claims (11)

A heating means that has a heat pump cycle that heats water and can change the heating capacity,
Hot water storage tank and
A control means for controlling the boiling operation of storing the hot water heated by the heating means in the hot water storage tank, and
With
The control means has a plurality of operation modes in which the value of the heating capacity is different as the control mode of the boiling operation.
The ratio of the heating capacity to the power consumption of the heating means is the energy consumption efficiency.
The energy consumption efficiency of the minimum heating capacity mode, which is the minimum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes, is equal to or higher than the energy consumption efficiency of the rated heating capacity mode, which is a rated heating capacity larger than the minimum heating capacity. Machine. The target amount of heat generated in the above-mentioned boiling operation is the amount of heat required for boiling.
The amount of heat remaining in the hot water storage tank before the boiling operation is executed is the amount of heat remaining in the hot water.
The control means is among the plurality of operation modes so that when the amount of heat remaining in the hot water is equal, the heating capacity becomes larger when the amount of heat required for boiling is large than when the amount of heat required for boiling is small. The heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein one is selected. The heat pump hot water supply according to claim 2, wherein when the residual hot water heat amount is larger than the first reference value, the control means executes the boiling operation in the minimum heating capacity mode regardless of the boiling required heat amount. Machine. When the amount of heat remaining in the hot water is smaller than the second reference value, which is smaller than the first reference value, the control means has the maximum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes regardless of the amount of heat required for boiling. The heat pump water heater according to claim 3, wherein the boiling operation is performed in the maximum heating capacity mode. Equipped with a hot water supply heat amount calculation means for calculating the amount of heat used for hot water supply, which is the amount of heat used for hot water supply.
When the amount of heat used for hot water supply used during the execution of the boiling operation with a heating capacity lower than the maximum heating capacity mode, which is the maximum heating capacity among the plurality of operation modes, exceeds the threshold value, the control means. Is a heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating capacity is changed so as to have a higher heating capacity than before. The real energy consumption efficiency acquisition means for acquiring the actual energy consumption efficiency which is the actual energy consumption efficiency of the heating means is provided.
The control means stores the value of the energy consumption efficiency assumed in the low heating capacity mode, which is an operation mode with a heating capacity lower than the rated heating capacity, as the assumed energy consumption efficiency, and is in the low heating capacity mode. The heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the actual energy consumption efficiency is lower than the assumed energy consumption efficiency during execution, the mode is switched from the low heating capacity mode to the rated heating capacity mode. Water heater. The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a selection means for enabling or disabling the change in heating capacity in advance. Equipped with a hot water supply heat amount calculation means for calculating the amount of heat used for hot water supply, which is the amount of heat used for hot water supply.
The control means calculates a target heat storage amount to be secured in the hot water storage tank at the end of the boiling operation based on the heat supply amount used in the past predetermined period, and when the target heat storage amount is large, the target heat storage amount. The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein one of the plurality of operation modes is selected so that the heating capacity becomes larger than when the amount is small. Claim 1 is provided with a notification means for notifying at least one of information on which of the plurality of operation modes is being executed and information on the current heating capacity during the execution of the boiling operation. The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 8. The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the energy consumption efficiency becomes maximum when the heating capacity is larger than the minimum heating capacity mode and smaller than the rated heating capacity mode. The plurality of operation modes include an intermediate capacity mode in which the heating capacity is larger than the minimum heating capacity mode and smaller than the rated heating capacity mode.
The heat pump water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy consumption efficiency in the intermediate capacity mode is higher than the energy consumption efficiency in the minimum heating capacity mode.

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