JP2020131159A - Separation membrane element and separation membrane module - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a separation membrane element of which durability is remarkably improved while assuring proper swingability of a separation membrane.SOLUTION: A separation membrane element comprises: a separation membrane pair in which a face Aof a separation membrane on a permeation side and a face Aof a separation membrane on a permeation side are located so as to face each other, and a peripheral edge part thereof is sealed; and plural permeation side flow passage materials which are located between the face Aand the face A, and are bonded to the face Aand/or the face A. The separation membrane pair has a water catchment part which communicates the interior and the exterior thereof with each other, and a distance between the face Aand the face Ais 50 to 5000 μm. When the number of the permeation side flow passage materials, which are bonded to the face Aand the face A, is represented by n, and the number of the permeation side flow passage materials, which are bonded to the face Aor the face A, is represented by n, a value of n/(n+n) is 50% or more, and a thickness is 1 to 6 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a separation membrane element and a separation membrane module.

The membrane separation activated sludge method (MBR: Membrane Bioreactor) is a treatment method in which a separation membrane module is immersed in an activated sludge tank to separate the activated sludge and permeated water. Membrane bioreactor is, since it is possible to realize good transmission quality, yet space-saving, especially in the small-scale facilities in the country, even in large-scale facilities that more than more 100,000 m ^{3 /} day in the foreign countries of the newly established , Each is being introduced.

In the membrane separation active sludge method, if the operation of the separation membrane module is continued, suspensions in the water to be treated are deposited on the surface of the separation membrane, and the amount of permeated water decreases. Therefore, during normal operation of the separation membrane module, the flow of the separation membrane surface is disturbed by the air diffuser that sends pressurized gas from below to exfoliate the deposits, but the large amount of energy required is regarded as a problem. It has been.

One of the components of the separation membrane module is a separation membrane element including a separation membrane, but in the conventional flat membrane type separation membrane element, the support material and frame combined with the separation membrane are often rigid, and the air is diffused. Almost no fluctuation of the separation membrane was generated by the means, and in that case, the only action of peeling the deposits on the surface of the separation membrane was the shear stress generated on the surface of the separation membrane by the bubbles of the pressurized gas.

On the other hand, by reducing the thickness of the entire separation membrane element while using a polyethylene net or multiple resin parts for the transmission side flow path material, the entire separation membrane element is flexible while ensuring a certain degree of rigidity. As a property, there is known a technique of causing the separation membrane element to fluctuate to promote the exfoliation of sediment (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

International Publication No. 2011/004743 International Publication No. 2013/125506

However, in the conventional technique, it has been pointed out that the stress applied to the surface of the separation membrane is large when the separation membrane is shaken, and there is a high risk that the separation membrane will be damaged.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane element in which the durability of the separation membrane is remarkably improved while ensuring an appropriate swingability of the separation membrane.

To solve the above problems, the separation membrane element of the present invention, the surface A ₁ of the permeate side of the separation membrane, and the surface A ₂ of the permeate side of the separation membrane is arranged so as to face each other, the periphery thereof sealed, a separation membrane pairs, are disposed between the surfaces a ₁ and the surface a _2, bonded to the surface a ₁ and / or the surface a _2, a plurality of permeation-side passage material comprises, the separation membrane pair communicates the inside and the outside, has a water collecting portion, the distance between the surface a ₁ and the surface a _2, a 50～5000Myuemu, the surface The number of the permeation side flow path materials adhered to A ₁ and the surface A ₂ was defined as n ₁ , and the number of the permeation side flow path materials adhered to the surface A ₁ or the surface A ₂ was defined as n ₂ . When, the value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is 50% or more, and the thickness is 1 to 6 mm.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a separation membrane element capable of realizing stable operation for a long period of time while significantly reducing the amount of energy required for air diffusion in the membrane separation activated sludge method.

It is sectional drawing about one aspect of the separation membrane element of this invention in the direction parallel to the separation membrane surface. It is sectional drawing in the X-X'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the YY'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing about one aspect of the separation membrane element of this invention in the direction parallel to the separation membrane surface. It is sectional drawing in the X-X'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the YY'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the ZZ'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing about one aspect of the separation membrane element of this invention in the direction parallel to the separation membrane surface. It is sectional drawing in the YY'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the ZZ'line of FIG. It is sectional drawing of one aspect of the conventional separation membrane element in the direction parallel to the surface of the separation membrane. It is sectional drawing in the X-X'line of FIG. It is a flow chart which shows one aspect of the water treatment system using the separation membrane module including the separation membrane element of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific configurations, but these descriptions do not limit the present invention in any way.

Separation membrane element of the present invention, the surface A ₂ of the transmission side of the transmission-side surface A ₁ and the separation membrane of the separation membrane is arranged so as to face each other, and a separation membrane pairs its periphery is sealed ..

The separation membrane pair may be formed by combining two separation membranes that are independent of each other, or may be formed by folding one separation membrane.

The type of the separation membrane, which is a component of the separation membrane element of the present invention, may be appropriately selected according to the separation target, and examples thereof include reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes and microfiltration membranes. However, in the sewage treatment, it is preferable to select an ultrafiltration membrane or a microfiltration membrane. The separation membrane, which is a component of the present invention, refers to a separation membrane having a flat membrane shape.

The separation membrane, which is a component of the separation membrane element of the present invention, is preferably configured by combining a base material with a separation functional layer in order to maintain an appropriate strength. Examples of the separation functional layer include a cellulose membrane, a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, a polyethersulfone membrane, and a polysulfone membrane. The thickness of the separation function layer is preferably 1 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 200 μm, in order to make the balance between the permeation performance and the amount of permeated water suitable. Further, as the base material, a woven or knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric made of organic fibers such as cellulose fibers, cellulose triacetate fibers, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers or polyethylene fibers is preferable because it is easy to reduce the weight.

The separation membrane, which is a component of the separation membrane element of the present invention, is obtained by applying, for example, a membrane-forming stock solution containing a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin or the like on the surface of a substrate and immersing it in a non-solvent at 15 to 80 ° C. It can be produced by solidifying and forming a separation functional layer. In addition to the above-mentioned polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin and the like, the film-forming stock solution includes a surfactant having a polyoxyalkylene structure, a fatty acid ester structure or a hydroxyl group as a pore-forming agent, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N as a solvent. , N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone or methylethylketone, and water as a non-solvent may be contained.

Here, "sealing" of the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair means that the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair flows directly into the interior from the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair (without penetrating the separation membrane). It means that it is in a state where it cannot be done. Examples of the method for sealing the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair include adhesion, pressure bonding, welding, fusion and folding of the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair.

The separation membrane pair included in the separation membrane element of the present invention has a water collecting portion that communicates the inside and the outside thereof. The permeated water that has passed through the separation membrane is taken out from this catchment portion to the outside of the separation membrane pair. In order to maintain a larger area of the portion having the permeation function in the separation membrane pair, the water collecting portion is preferably arranged at the peripheral portion of the separation membrane pair.

In the separation membrane element 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 8, the water collecting portions 7 that communicate the inside and the outside of the separation membrane pair are all arranged on the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair. The peripheral edges of the separation membrane pair other than the water collecting portion 7 are all sealed so as to be displayed as the sealing portion 3. In the separation membrane elements 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 8, a resin water collecting nozzle 8 is attached to the water collecting portion 7 in a liquid-tight state in order to facilitate the removal of permeated water.

As a method of attaching the water collecting nozzle to the water collecting portion in a liquid-tight state, for example, heat welding or adhesion using an adhesive can be mentioned.

Separation membrane element of the present invention comprises is disposed between the surface A ₁ and the surface A _2, bonded to the surface A ₁ and / or the surface A _2, a plurality of permeation-side passage material.

Between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ of the separation membrane pair, that a plurality of permeation-side passage material is disposed at a constant spacing between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is secured, the separation membrane A permeation side flow path is formed in which the permeated water that has permeated the water flows toward the water collecting portion.

The plurality of transmission side flow path materials are adhered to (a) surface A ₁ and surface A ₂ , (b) adhered only to surface A ₁ , and (c) adhered only to surface A _2. It takes one of the following aspects. Here, "adhesion" means that the surface of the separation membrane on the transmission side and the flow path material on the transmission side stick to each other and do not separate from each other.

Since the plurality of permeation-side flow path materials can be fixed to the permeation-side surface of the separation membrane, it is preferably formed of resin, and the molding and fixing thereof are easier, so that the softening point is 80 to 80 to. More preferably, it is a thermoplastic polymer at 200 ° C. Here, "fixing" means a state in which a part of the components forming the permeation-side flow path material is impregnated from the permeation-side surface of the separation membrane into the inside thereof.

As a method of fixing the permeation side flow path material formed of resin to the permeation side surface of the separation membrane, for example, the permeation side flow path material is arranged on the permeation side surface of the separation membrane, and the opposite of the separation membrane. A method of heating from the side surface to melt a part of the permeation side flow path material can be mentioned.

Examples of the resin forming the permeation side flow path material include ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, olefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, urethane resins, and epoxy resins. These resins may be used as a single component or may be mixed and used. The "softening point" of the resin means the temperature at which the resin begins to soften and deform, and can be measured by the ring and ball method defined in JIS K6863-1994.

In the separation membrane element 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 8, the shape of the permeation-side passage material was observed from the opposite direction to the above-mentioned surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is any of a circular, the shape example , Rectangular, elliptical, polygonal or amorphous.

The separation membrane element, when viewed from the opposing direction of the surface A ₁ and the surface A _2, the filtration area of the separation membrane pair (the separation membrane element 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 8, the sealing portion 3 and the current the ratio of the total area of the plurality of permeation-side passage material occupying the region) surrounded by the water unit 7 (hereinafter, "the projected area ratio of the permeation-side passage material") is, between the surfaces a ₁ and the surface a ₂ In order to suppress the inhibition of the flow of permeated water while ensuring an appropriate interval, 10 to 90% is preferable, 15 to 80% is more preferable, and 20 to 50% is further preferable.

The projected area ratio of the permeation side flow path material is 10 times magnification for 30 randomly selected cross sections of the separation membrane element (cross section as shown in FIG. 1 etc.) using a microscope. It can be determined by taking images, analyzing those images with image analysis software, and binarizing them.

Further, in order to suppress the pressure loss in the permeation side flow path, the plurality of permeation side flow path materials are used in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction (separation) when the separation membrane element is observed from the opposite direction of the surface A ₁ and the surface A _2. It is preferable that the film is arranged intermittently in both the length direction and the width direction of the film). As for the number, it is preferable that 1 to 100 pieces are arranged per 25 cm ² , more preferably 5 to 50 pieces are arranged, and further preferably 1 to 30 pieces are arranged.

The distance between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ in the separation membrane element of the present invention, that is, between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ in the direction opposite to the surface A ₁ and the surface A _2. The distance is 50 to 5000 μm. The thickness of the separation membrane element of the present invention, i.e., the thickness of the separation membrane element in the opposite direction to the above-mentioned surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is 1 to 6 mm. When the distance between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ and the thickness of the separation membrane element are within these ranges, the flow of the permeated water in the permeation side flow path is improved, and the separation membrane described later is improved. It is possible to increase the number of separation membrane elements that can be arranged in the module and increase the total separation membrane area.

Separation membrane element of the present invention, the surface A ₁ and n ₁ the number of the permeation-side passage material which is bonded to the surface A _2, the surface A ₁ or the permeate side flow which is bonded to the surface A ₂ When the number of road materials is n ₂ , the value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is 50% or more. When the value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is 50% or more, the stress applied to the surface of the separation membrane can be suitably reduced while increasing the rocking property of the separation membrane element, and the durability thereof can be improved. It can be significantly increased. The value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is preferably 80% or more.

More specifically, the number of permeation-side flow path materials adhered to both the (a) surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is n ₁ , and the above-mentioned (b) surface A ₁ The total number of the permeation side flow path materials adhered only to the above-mentioned (c) surface A ₂ and the permeation side flow path material adhered only to the above-mentioned surface A ₂ is n ₂ .

The separation membrane module of the present invention includes a plurality of separation membrane elements of the present invention and a housing frame, and the plurality of separation membrane elements of the present invention are arranged substantially parallel to the housing frame.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an aspect of a water treatment system using a separation membrane module including the separation membrane element of the present invention. The separation membrane module 14 includes a plurality of separation membrane elements 15 of the present invention and a housing frame (not shown), and the plurality of separation membrane elements 15 are arranged substantially parallel to the housing frame. , A space is secured between the adjacent separation membrane elements 15. The separation membrane module 14 is arranged inside the activated sludge tank 16 so as to be immersed in water to be treated such as organic wastewater. An air diffuser 17 is arranged below the separation membrane module 14 as an air diffuser, and the pressurized gas supplied from the blower 18 is sent upward to treat water to be treated on the surface of the separation membrane included in the separation membrane element 15. Disrupt the flow and separate the deposits.

The water to be treated, which is supplied from the water inlet 20 to be treated, permeates the separation membrane included in the separation membrane element 15 by the suction force of the pump 19, and at this time, the suspension of microbial particles or inorganic particles contained in the water to be treated. Turbid substances and activated sludge are filtered. The permeated water that has permeated the separation membrane is taken out from the water collecting portion (not shown) arranged at the peripheral portion of each separation membrane element 15 to the outside of the separation membrane pair, collected, and activated from the water outlet 21 to be treated. It is taken out of the sludge tank 16.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but these descriptions do not limit the present invention in any way.

<Distance between surface A ₁ and surface A ₂ in the separation membrane pair>
The separation membrane element is cut in the opposite direction of the surface _{A 1} and the surface _{A 2,} the distance between the surface _{A 1} and the surface _{A 2} in its cross-section microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation; VHX-1100) was measured in.

<Thickness of separation membrane element>
The thickness of the separation membrane element was measured with a digital thickness gauge (manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd .; SMD-565J-L).

<Projected area ratio of transmission side flow path material>
It was determined by using S-800 manufactured by KEYENCE Co., Ltd. as a microscope and using "ImageJ" as an image analysis software.

<Displacement to yield point with respect to bending stress>
A separation membrane element having a width of 10 mm and a length of 170 mm was used as a sample, and was arranged so as to bridge in the longitudinal direction on two bases arranged in parallel with an interval of 30 mm. This is set in a compression tester (manufactured by A &D; Tensilon RTG-1210) and separated between the two bases at a speed of 1.3 mm / min using an indenter jig (radius 5 mm). The central part of the membrane element was compressed. From the relationship between the displacement obtained at this time and the load, the displacement to the yield point with respect to the bending stress was calculated.

(Example 1)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (mass average molecular weight 280,000), polyethylene glycol (mass average molecular weight 20,000) as a pore-forming agent, N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, and water as a non-solvent are added in the following proportions. The mixture was mixed and sufficiently stirred at 95 ° C. to prepare a film-forming stock solution.

Polyvinylidene fluoride: 13.0% by mass
Polyethylene glycol: 5.5% by mass
N, N-dimethylformamide: 78.0% by mass
Water: 3.5% by mass
Using a polyester fibrous embossed non-woven fabric with an apparent density of 0.6 g / cm ³ , a dense welding rate of 25%, and a size of 50 cm x 150 cm as a base material, a film-forming stock solution cooled to 30 ° C. was applied to the base material immediately. The N, N-dimethylformamide and polyethylene glycol were washed away by immersing in water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes and further in hot water at 90 ° C. for 2 minutes.

Then, it was immersed in a 20 mass% aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, which is a surfactant, for 30 minutes, and then dried in a hot air dryer at 75 ° C. for 30 minutes to produce a separation membrane.

Cut the obtained separation membrane with a size of 320 mm × 200 mm, on the surface of the permeate side (surface _{A 1),} ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (TEX YEAR INDUSTRIES INC made;.; 703A softening point 96 ° C.), the robot dispenser (Manufactured by Musashi Engineering Co., Ltd .; Shotmaster 400ΩX) was applied at a resin temperature of 120 ° C. so that the permeation side flow path material was arranged as shown in FIG. At this time, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin has a diameter of 4.0 mm at the portion where the permeation-side flow path material is adhered to the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ (the portion where the permeation-side flow path material 4 is formed). the coating is a dot shape of height 1.6 mm, that sites of adhering the permeation-side passage material only on the surface a ₁ (part for forming the permeation-side passage material 5), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin Was applied so as to have a dot shape having a diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 1.0 mm. Further, the pitch of each dot shape is set to 10 mm in each of the vertical and horizontal directions. Further, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin having a width of 5 mm and a height of 1 mm was also applied to the peripheral portion of the separation membrane excluding the portion forming the water collecting portion 7.

Another separation membrane having a size of 320 mm × 200 mm was cut out, and the surfaces (planes A ₁ and A ₂ ) on the transmission side of both were arranged so as to face each other to form a separation membrane pair, and around the separation membrane pair. the aluminum plate was placed as a spacer sandwiched 5 minutes with aluminum plate overheated required site 95 ° C., both in the surface a ₁ and the surface a ₂ to form a permeation-side passage material 4 adhered. Further, using a temperature control sealer, the peripheral edge of the separation membrane pair was heat-pressed and sealed at 165 ° C. and a load of 500 kgf for 30 seconds. Finally, the water collecting nozzle was adhered to the water collecting part of the separation membrane pair and attached in a liquid-tight state to complete the separation membrane element.

The plurality of transmission-side flow path materials in the obtained separation membrane element all have a dot shape with a diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 1.0 mm, and the projected area ratio thereof is 23%, n ₂ / (n _1). The value of + n ₂ ) was 63%. The distance between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ of the separation membrane element was 1.0 mm, the thickness was 1.8 mm, and the displacement to the yield point with respect to the bending stress was 11.9 mm.

In FIG. 3, the permeation-side passage material 5 in order to clarify that it is not adhered to the surface A _2, is provided with a gap between the schematically permeation-side passage material 5 and the surface A ₂ (Hereinafter, the same applies to FIGS. 6, 7, 9 and 10).

(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin was applied so that the permeation side flow path material was arranged as shown in FIG. Regarding the portion where the permeation side flow path material is adhered only to the surface A ₂ (the portion where the permeation side flow path material 6 is formed), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin has a diameter of 5.0 mm on one of the pair of separation membranes. It was applied so as to have a dot shape with a height of 1.0 mm. After arranging the surfaces (planes A ₁ and A ₂ ) on the permeation side of both so as to face each other to form a separation membrane pair, the separation membrane element was completed in the same manner as in Example 1.

The plurality of transmission side flow path materials in the obtained separation membrane element all have a dot shape with a diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 1.0 mm, and the projected area ratio thereof is 23%, n ₂ / (n _1). The value of + n ₂ ) was 63%. The distance between the surface _{A 1} and the surface _{A 2} of the separation membrane element is 1.0 mm, the thickness is 1.8 mm, the displacement up to the yield point for the bending stress was 11.7 mm.

(Example 3)
The separation membrane element is the same as in Example 1 except that the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is applied so that the permeation side flow path material is arranged as shown in FIG. Was completed.

The plurality of transmission-side flow path materials in the obtained separation membrane element all have a dot shape with a diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 1.0 mm, and the projected area ratio thereof is 23%, n ₂ / (n _1). The value of + n ₂ ) was 100%. The distance between the surface _{A 1} and the surface _{A 2} of the separation membrane element is 1.0 mm, the thickness is 1.8 mm, the displacement up to the yield point for the bending stress was 12.9 mm.

(Comparative Example 1)
The separation membrane element was completed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin was applied so that the permeation side flow path material was arranged as shown in FIG. did.

The plurality of transmission side flow path materials in the obtained separation membrane element all have a dot shape with a diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 1.0 mm, and the projected area ratio thereof is 23%, n ₂ / (n _1). The value of + n ₂ ) was 0%. The distance between the surfaces A ₁ and the surface A ₂ of the separation membrane element was 1.0 mm, the thickness was 1.8 mm, and the displacement to the yield point with respect to the bending stress was 3.5 mm.

Comparing Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 with respect to the displacement to the yield point with respect to the bending stress, it can be seen that the values of Examples 1 to 3 are larger. This is a result showing that the separation membrane element of the present invention has extremely high durability against rocking.

1 Separation membrane element 2 Gap 3 Sealing part 4 Permeation side flow path material (both adhered to surface A ₁ and surface A ₂ )
5 permeation-side passage material (adhesive only on the surface _{A 1)}
6 permeation-side passage material (adhesive only on the surface _{A 2)}
7 Water collecting part 8 Water collecting nozzle 9 Separation membrane 10 Separation function layer 11 Base material 12 Surface on the permeation side of the separation membrane A ₁
13 Surface A ₂ on the permeation side of the separation membrane
14 Separation Membrane Module 15 Separation Membrane Element 16 Activated Sludge Tank 17 Air Disperser 18 Blower 19 Pump 20 Processed Water Inlet 21 Processed Water Outlet 22 Permeated Water

Claims (6)

The surface A ₁ of the permeate side of the separation membrane, and the surface A ₂ of the permeate side of the separation membrane is arranged so as to face each other, the peripheral portion is sealed, and the separation membrane pairs,
Disposed between said surface A ₁ and the surface A _2, the surface bonded to A ₁ and / or the surface A _2, comprises a plurality of permeation-side passage material and,
The separation membrane pair has a water collecting portion that communicates the inside and the outside thereof.
The distance between the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is 50 to 5000 μm.
The number of the permeation side flow path materials adhered to the surface A ₁ and the surface A ₂ is n ₁ .
When the number of the permeation side flow path materials adhered to the surface A ₁ or the surface A ₂ is n ₂ .
The value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is 50% or more,
Separation membrane element having a thickness of 1 to 6 mm. The separation membrane element according to claim 1, wherein the value of n ₂ / (n ₁ + n ₂ ) is 80% or more. The separation membrane element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transmission side flow path material is made of a resin. The separation membrane element according to claim 3, wherein the resin is a thermoplastic polymer having a softening point of 80 to 200 ° C. The separation membrane element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water collecting portion is arranged on the peripheral portion of the separation membrane pair. A plurality of separation membrane elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
With a housing frame,
A separation membrane module in which a plurality of the separation membrane elements are arranged substantially parallel to the housing frame.