JP2020106389A - Rolling stock abnormality detector and system equipped with the same - Google Patents

Rolling stock abnormality detector and system equipped with the same Download PDF

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JP2020106389A
JP2020106389A JP2018245127A JP2018245127A JP2020106389A JP 2020106389 A JP2020106389 A JP 2020106389A JP 2018245127 A JP2018245127 A JP 2018245127A JP 2018245127 A JP2018245127 A JP 2018245127A JP 2020106389 A JP2020106389 A JP 2020106389A
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angular velocity
support portion
abnormality
diagonal line
acquisition unit
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JP7177693B2 (en
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雄太 吉松
Yuta Yoshimatsu
雄太 吉松
雅幸 三津江
Masayuki Mitsue
雅幸 三津江
恵介 ▲高▼橋
恵介 ▲高▼橋
Keisuke Takahashi
洋行 川崎
Hiroyuki Kawasaki
洋行 川崎
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Abstract

To heighten the sensitivity of detecting the abnormality of a support part mounted in a rolling stock.SOLUTION: A rolling stock comprises a first to a fourth support part respectively arranged at four corners of a virtual square in a plan view, the first and fourth support parts being arranged on a first diagonal line of the virtual square, the second and third support parts being arranged on a second diagonal line of the virtual square. An abnormality detector of the rolling stock comprises a first angular speed acquisition unit for acquiring a first angular speed in the periphery of the first diagonal line, a second angular speed acquisition unit for acquiring a second angular speed in the periphery of the second diagonal line, and a determination unit for determining abnormality in the second or third support part on the basis of the first angular speed acquired by the first angular speed acquisition unit, and determining abnormality in the first or fourth support part on the basis of the second angular speed acquired by the second angular speed acquisition unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本開示は、平面視において仮想四角形の4つの角にそれぞれ配置された第1〜第4支持部を備えた鉄道車両の異常検知装置及びそれを備えたシステムに関する。 The present disclosure relates to an abnormality detection device for a railway vehicle including first to fourth support portions arranged at four corners of a virtual quadrangle in plan view, and a system including the abnormality detection device.

鉄道車両のバネ系の点検は、定期的な目視検査により実施される。定期検査では点検間隔が空いてしまうし、目視検査では作業員の判断に委ねられることになる。そこで、特許文献1では、台車枠に複数の上下方向加速度センサを設置し、それらセンサの検出値に基づいてバネ系の異常を判定することが提案されている。 The spring system of railway vehicles is inspected regularly by visual inspection. Periodic inspections leave gaps between inspections, and visual inspections are left to the discretion of the operator. Therefore, in Patent Document 1, it is proposed to install a plurality of vertical acceleration sensors on the bogie frame and determine the abnormality of the spring system based on the detection values of the sensors.

特開2012−111319号公報JP, 2012-111319, A

しかし、特許文献1の構成では、加速度センサの各々は、全てのバネの影響を受けるため、1つのバネの故障が加速度センサの各々に影響してしまう。そのため、1つのバネの故障が1つの加速センサに及ぼす影響の度合いが希釈化され、バネの異常検知の感度が低下することになる。 However, in the configuration of Patent Document 1, each of the acceleration sensors is affected by all the springs, so that failure of one spring affects each of the acceleration sensors. Therefore, the degree of the influence of failure of one spring on one acceleration sensor is diluted, and sensitivity of abnormality detection of the spring is lowered.

そこで本発明は、鉄道車両の異常検知の感度を高めることを目的とする。 Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to increase the sensitivity of abnormality detection for railway vehicles.

本開示の一態様に係る鉄道車両の異常検知装置は、平面視において仮想四角形の4つの角にそれぞれ配置された第1〜第4支持部を備えた鉄道車両であって、平面視において前記第1支持部及び前記第4支持部が前記仮想四角形の第1対角線上に配置され且つ前記第2支持部及び前記第3支持部が前記仮想四角形の第2対角線上に配置されてなる鉄道車両の異常検知装置であって、前記第1対角線周りの第1角速度を取得する第1角速度取得部と、前記第2対角線周りの第2角速度を取得する第2角速度取得部と、前記第1角速度取得部で取得された第1角速度に基づいて、前記第2支持部又は第3支持部における異常を判定し、かつ、前記第2角速度取得部で取得された第2角速度に基づいて、前記第1支持部又は第4支持部における異常を判定する判定部と、を有する。 An abnormality detection device for a railway vehicle according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a railway vehicle that includes first to fourth support portions that are respectively arranged at four corners of a virtual quadrangle in a plan view, and is the first vehicle in a plan view. 1 of the railroad vehicle in which the first support portion and the fourth support portion are arranged on a first diagonal line of the virtual quadrangle, and the second support portion and the third support portion are arranged on a second diagonal line of the virtual quadrangle. An abnormality detection device, wherein a first angular velocity acquisition unit that acquires a first angular velocity around the first diagonal line, a second angular velocity acquisition unit that acquires a second angular velocity around the second diagonal line, and the first angular velocity acquisition unit An abnormality in the second support portion or the third support portion is determined on the basis of the first angular velocity acquired by the section, and the first angular velocity is determined by the second angular velocity acquired by the second angular velocity acquisition section. And a determination unit that determines an abnormality in the support unit or the fourth support unit.

前記構成によれば、第1角速度取得部で算出される第1対角線周りの第1角速度は、第1対角線の外側に配置された第2支持部及び第3支持部の影響を受け、第1対角線上に配置された第1支持部及び第4支持部の影響を受けない。同様に、第2角速度取得部で算出される第2対角線周りの第2角速度は、第2対角線の外側に配置された第1支持部及び第4支持部の影響を受け、第2対角線上に配置された第2支持部及び第3支持部の影響を受けない。即ち、1つの対角線周りの1つの角速度は、第1〜第4支持部のうち2つの支持部のみの影響を受ける。よって、第1〜第4支持部のうち1つの支持部における異常が監視対象の物理量(角速度)に及ぼす影響の度合いが高まり、支持部における異常の検知感度を高めることができる。 According to the above configuration, the first angular velocity around the first diagonal calculated by the first angular velocity acquisition unit is influenced by the second support unit and the third support unit arranged outside the first diagonal line, It is not affected by the first support portion and the fourth support portion arranged diagonally. Similarly, the second angular velocity around the second diagonal line calculated by the second angular velocity acquisition unit is influenced by the first support unit and the fourth support unit arranged outside the second diagonal line, and is on the second diagonal line. It is not affected by the arranged second support portion and third support portion. That is, one angular velocity around one diagonal line is affected by only two of the first to fourth support parts. Therefore, the degree of influence of the abnormality in one of the first to fourth support portions on the physical quantity (angular velocity) to be monitored increases, and the detection sensitivity of the abnormality in the support portion can be increased.

本開示の一態様に係る鉄道車両の異常検知システムは、前述した異常検知装置と、前記第1角速度を検出する第1角速度センサと、前記第2角速度を検出する第2角速度センサと、を備え、前記異常検知装置の前記第1角速度取得部は、前記第1角速度センサの検出値を受信し、前記異常検知装置の前記第2角速度取得部は、前記第2角速度センサの検出値を受信する。 An abnormality detection system for a railway vehicle according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes the abnormality detection device described above, a first angular velocity sensor that detects the first angular velocity, and a second angular velocity sensor that detects the second angular velocity. The first angular velocity acquisition unit of the abnormality detection device receives the detection value of the first angular velocity sensor, and the second angular velocity acquisition unit of the abnormality detection device receives the detection value of the second angular velocity sensor. ..

前記構成によれば、第1〜第4支持部の異常を検知するために2つのセンサで足りるため、センサ数を低減してコスト削減を図ることができる。また、各センサは、加速度ではなく角速度を検出するので、各対角線周りの角速度を検出できる位置であれば各センサを互いに近接配置することもできる。よって、鉄道車両におけるセンサ配置の自由度を高めることもできる。 According to the above configuration, two sensors are sufficient to detect the abnormality of the first to fourth support portions, so that the number of sensors can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Further, since each sensor detects an angular velocity, not an acceleration, the sensors can be arranged close to each other at a position where the angular velocity around each diagonal can be detected. Therefore, the degree of freedom in arranging the sensors in the railway vehicle can be increased.

本開示によれば、鉄道車両に搭載された支持部における異常の検知感度を高めることができる。 According to the present disclosure, it is possible to enhance the sensitivity of detecting an abnormality in a support portion mounted on a railway vehicle.

(A)は鉄道車両の一次サスペンション(コイルバネ)に適用された第1実施形態に係る異常検知システムを示す概略平面図、(B)はその概略側面図である。(A) is a schematic plan view showing the abnormality detection system according to the first embodiment applied to a primary suspension (coil spring) of a railway vehicle, and (B) is a schematic side view thereof. 図1に示す異常検知装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the abnormality detection device shown in FIG. (A)は比較例の正常状態及び異常状態におけるロール角速度を示すグラフ、(B)は比較例の正常状態及び異常状態におけるピッチ角速度を示すグラフである。(A) is a graph showing a roll angular velocity in a normal state and an abnormal state of a comparative example, and (B) is a graph showing a pitch angular velocity in a normal state and an abnormal state of the comparative example. (A)は実施例の正常状態及び異常状態における第1角速度を示すグラフ、(B)は実施例の正常状態及び異常状態における第2角速度を示すグラフである。(A) is a graph showing the first angular velocity in the normal state and abnormal state of the embodiment, and (B) is a graph showing the second angular velocity in the normal state and abnormal state of the embodiment. 鉄道車両の一次サスペンション(板バネ)に適用された第2実施形態に係る異常検知システムを示す概略平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows the abnormality detection system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment applied to the primary suspension (leaf spring) of a railway vehicle. 鉄道車両の二次サスペンション(空気バネ)に適用された第3実施形態に係る異常検知システムを示す概略平面図である。It is a schematic plan view which shows the abnormality detection system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment applied to the secondary suspension (air spring) of a rail vehicle.

以下、図面を参照して実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

(第1実施形態)
図1(A)は、鉄道車両の一次サスペンション(軸バネ)に適用された第1実施形態に係る異常検知システム1を示す概略平面図であり、図1(B)は、その概略側面図である。図1(A)(B)に示すように、異常検知システム1は、鉄道車両の一般的な台車51に対して適用される。
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1(A) is a schematic plan view showing an abnormality detection system 1 according to the first embodiment applied to a primary suspension (axial spring) of a railway vehicle, and FIG. 1(B) is a schematic side view thereof. is there. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the abnormality detection system 1 is applied to a general truck 51 of a railroad vehicle.

台車51は、台車枠64を備える。台車枠64は、車両進行方向(車両長手方向)に直交する横方向(幅方向)に延びる横梁64aと、横梁64aの両端部からそれぞれ車両進行方向に延びる一対の側梁64bとを有する。台車51は、台車枠64の車両進行方向の両側に配置され、互いに平行に配置された第1輪軸61A及び第2輪軸61Bを備える。台車51は、第1輪軸61Aの両端を支持する軸受をそれぞれ収容する第1軸箱62A及び第2軸箱62Bを備える。 The bogie 51 includes a bogie frame 64. The bogie frame 64 has a lateral beam 64a extending in the lateral direction (width direction) orthogonal to the vehicle traveling direction (vehicle longitudinal direction), and a pair of side beams 64b extending from the both ends of the lateral beam 64a in the vehicle traveling direction. The trolley|bogie 51 is arrange|positioned at the both sides of the trolley|bogie frame 64 in the vehicle advancing direction, and is equipped with the 1st wheel axle 61A and the 2nd wheel axle 61B arrange|positioned mutually parallel. The trolley|bogie 51 is equipped with the 1st axle box 62A and the 2nd axle box 62B which accommodate the bearing which supports both ends of 61 A of 1st wheel axles, respectively.

台車51は、一方の側梁64bの一端部と第1軸箱62Aとの間に介設された第1軸バネ63Aと、他方の側梁64bの一端部と第2軸箱62Bとの間に介設された第2軸バネ63Bと、一方の側梁64bの他端部と第3軸箱62Cとの間に介設された第3軸バネ63Cと、他方の側梁64bの他端部と第4軸箱62Dとの間に介設された第4軸バネ63Dとを備える。第1〜第4軸バネ63A〜63Dは、第1〜第4軸箱62A〜62Dと台車枠64との間にそれぞれ配置された一次サスペンションの役目を果たす。第1〜第4軸バネ63A〜63Dは、例えばコイルバネである。 The dolly 51 includes a first shaft spring 63A provided between one end of one side beam 64b and the first axle box 62A, and a first shaft spring 63A between one end of the other side beam 64b and the second axle box 62B. The second axial spring 63B, the third axial spring 63C interposed between the other end of the one side beam 64b and the third axial box 62C, and the other end of the other side beam 64b. And a fourth shaft spring 63D provided between the portion and the fourth shaft box 62D. The first to fourth shaft springs 63A to 63D serve as primary suspensions respectively arranged between the first to fourth shaft boxes 62A to 62D and the bogie frame 64. The first to fourth axial springs 63A to 63D are, for example, coil springs.

台車51は、第1軸箱62Aから一方の側梁64bに向けて突出した第1軸梁65Aと、第3軸箱62Cから一方の側梁64bに向けて突出した第3軸梁65Cとを備える。なお、図示しないが、台車51は、第2軸バネ63B及び第4軸バネ63Dの側において、同様にして第2軸梁及び第4軸梁を備える。第1軸梁65Aの先端部には、一方の側梁64bに接続されて第1軸梁65Aを回転可能に支持する第1心棒66Aが設けられる。第3軸梁65Cの先端部には、一方の側梁64bに接続されて第3軸梁65Cを回転可能に支持する第3心棒66Cが設けられる。なお、図示しないが、台車51は、第2軸バネ63B及び第4軸バネ63Dの側において、同様にして第2心棒及び第4心棒を備える。 The dolly 51 includes a first shaft beam 65A protruding from the first shaft box 62A toward the one side beam 64b and a third shaft beam 65C protruding from the third shaft box 62C toward the one side beam 64b. Prepare Although not shown, the bogie 51 similarly includes a second axial beam and a fourth axial beam on the side of the second axial spring 63B and the fourth axial spring 63D. A first mandrel 66A, which is connected to one of the side beams 64b and rotatably supports the first shaft beam 65A, is provided at a tip portion of the first shaft beam 65A. A third mandrel 66C, which is connected to the one side beam 64b and rotatably supports the third shaft beam 65C, is provided at the tip of the third shaft beam 65C. Although not shown, the bogie 51 similarly includes a second mandrel and a fourth mandrel on the side of the second shaft spring 63B and the fourth shaft spring 63D.

平面視において第1軸バネ63Aのうち第1軸箱62Aに重なる部分(の中心部)が、台車枠64を支持するための第1支持部P1である。平面視において第2軸バネ63Bのうち第2軸箱62Bに重なる部分(の中心部)が、台車枠64を支持するための第2支持部P2である。平面視において第3軸バネ63Cのうち第3軸箱62Cに重なる部分(の中心部)が、台車枠64を支持するための第3支持部P3である。平面視において第4軸バネ63Dのうち第4軸箱62Dに重なる部分(の中心部)が、台車枠64を支持するための第4支持部P4である。 A portion (center portion) of the first shaft spring 63A overlapping with the first shaft box 62A in a plan view is a first support portion P1 for supporting the bogie frame 64. A portion (center portion) of the second shaft spring 63B overlapping with the second shaft box 62B in a plan view is a second support portion P2 for supporting the bogie frame 64. A portion (center portion) of the third axial spring 63C overlapping with the third axial box 62C in a plan view is a third support portion P3 for supporting the bogie frame 64. A portion of the fourth shaft spring 63D that overlaps with the fourth shaft box 62D in a plan view is a fourth support portion P4 for supporting the bogie frame 64.

第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4は、平面視において仮想四角形VSの4つの角にそれぞれ位置する。第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4が、仮想四角形VSの第1対角線L1上に配置される。第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3が、仮想四角形VSの第2対角線L2上に配置される。よって、第1軸バネ63A又は第4軸バネ63D(第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、台車枠64が第2対角線L2周りに回転して姿勢変化する。また、第2軸バネ63B又は第3軸バネ63C(第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、台車枠64が第1対角線L1周りに回転して姿勢変化する。 The first to fourth support portions P1 to P4 are respectively located at four corners of the virtual quadrangle VS in plan view. The first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4 are arranged on the first diagonal line L1 of the virtual quadrangle VS. The second support portion P2 and the third support portion P3 are arranged on the second diagonal line L2 of the virtual quadrangle VS. Therefore, when an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of the first shaft spring 63A or the fourth shaft spring 63D (the first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4), the bogie frame 64 causes the second diagonal line L2. The posture changes by rotating around. When an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of the second shaft spring 63B or the third shaft spring 63C (the second support portion P2 and the third support portion P3), the bogie frame 64 causes the first diagonal line L1. The posture changes by rotating around.

異常検知システム1は、異常検知装置10と、台車51に搭載された第1角速度センサ11及び第2角速度センサ12とを備える。第1角速度センサ11は、台車枠64の第1対角線L1周りの回転の角速度である第1角速度を検出するレートセンサである。第2角速度センサ12は、台車枠64の第2対角線L2周りの回転の角速度である第2角速度を検出するレートセンサである。第1角速度センサ11及び第2角速度センサ12は、台車枠64(例えば、横梁64a)に設置されている。第1角速度センサ11及び第2角速度センサ12は、それぞれ第1角速度及び第2角速度を検出可能であれば互いに近接配置されてもよく、互いに一体にユニット化されてもよい。 The abnormality detection system 1 includes an abnormality detection device 10 and a first angular velocity sensor 11 and a second angular velocity sensor 12 mounted on the carriage 51. The first angular velocity sensor 11 is a rate sensor that detects a first angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the bogie frame 64 around the first diagonal line L1. The second angular velocity sensor 12 is a rate sensor that detects a second angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the bogie frame 64 around the second diagonal line L2. The first angular velocity sensor 11 and the second angular velocity sensor 12 are installed on the bogie frame 64 (for example, the lateral beam 64a). The first angular velocity sensor 11 and the second angular velocity sensor 12 may be arranged close to each other as long as they can detect the first angular velocity and the second angular velocity, respectively, or may be integrated into one unit.

図2は、図1に示す異常検知装置10のブロック図である。図2に示すように、異常検知装置10は、ハードウェア面において、プロセッサ、揮発性メモリ、不揮発性メモリ及びI/Oインターフェース等を有する。異常検知装置10は、機能面において、第1角速度取得部21、第2角速度取得部22、判定部23及び出力部24を有する。第1角速度取得部21、第2角速度取得部22及び判定部23は、不揮発性メモリに保存されたプログラムに基づいてプロセッサが揮発性メモリを用いて演算処理することで実現される。出力部24は、I/Oインターフェースにより実現される。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the abnormality detection device 10 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the abnormality detection device 10 includes a processor, a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, an I/O interface, and the like in terms of hardware. The abnormality detection device 10 includes a first angular velocity acquisition unit 21, a second angular velocity acquisition unit 22, a determination unit 23, and an output unit 24 in terms of function. The first angular velocity acquisition unit 21, the second angular velocity acquisition unit 22, and the determination unit 23 are realized by the processor performing arithmetic processing using a volatile memory based on the program stored in the non-volatile memory. The output unit 24 is realized by an I/O interface.

第1角速度取得部21は、第1角速度センサ11の検出値を受信して第1角速度を取得する。第2角速度取得部22は、第2角速度センサ12の検出値を受信して第2角速度を取得する。なお、第1角速度及び第2角速度を直接的に検出するセンサが設けられない場合には、他の方向の角速度から計算により第1角速度及び第2角速度を求めてもよい。例えば、ロールレート(ロール角速度)及びピッチレート(ピッチ角速度)から計算により第1角速度及び第2角速度を求めてもよい。 The first angular velocity acquisition unit 21 receives the detection value of the first angular velocity sensor 11 and acquires the first angular velocity. The second angular velocity acquisition unit 22 receives the detection value of the second angular velocity sensor 12 and acquires the second angular velocity. If a sensor that directly detects the first angular velocity and the second angular velocity is not provided, the first angular velocity and the second angular velocity may be calculated from the angular velocities in other directions. For example, the first angular velocity and the second angular velocity may be obtained by calculation from the roll rate (roll angular velocity) and the pitch rate (pitch angular velocity).

判定部23は、第1角速度取得部21で取得された第1角速度に基づいて、第2支持部P2又は第3支持部P3における異常を判定する。判定部23は、第2角速度取得部22で取得された第2角速度に基づいて、第1支持部P1又は第4支持部P4における異常を判定する。第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4における異常は、例えば、第1〜第4軸バネ63A〜63Dの異常(例えば、剛性(バネ定数)の変化)である。 The determination unit 23 determines an abnormality in the second support portion P2 or the third support portion P3 based on the first angular velocity acquired by the first angular velocity acquisition unit 21. The determination unit 23 determines an abnormality in the first support portion P1 or the fourth support portion P4 based on the second angular velocity acquired by the second angular velocity acquisition unit 22. The abnormality in the first to fourth support portions P1 to P4 is, for example, abnormality in the first to fourth shaft springs 63A to 63D (for example, change in rigidity (spring constant)).

判定部23は、第1角速度が所定の許容範囲を超えたと判定されると、第2支持部P2又は第3支持部P3における異常が発生したと判定する。例えば、判定部23は、第1角速度取得部21で取得された第1角速度が予め記憶された正常時の第1角速度の値から所定の割合を超えて乖離したときに、第2支持部P2又は第3支持部P3における異常が発生したと判定してもよい。或いは、判定部23は、第1角速度取得部21で取得された第1角速度が所定の閾値を超えたときに、第2支持部P2又は第3支持部P3における異常が発生したと判定してもよい。 When it is determined that the first angular velocity exceeds the predetermined allowable range, the determination unit 23 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the second support portion P2 or the third support portion P3. For example, when the first angular velocity acquired by the first angular velocity acquisition unit 21 deviates from the previously stored normal first angular velocity value by more than a predetermined ratio, the determination unit 23 determines the second support P2. Alternatively, it may be determined that an abnormality has occurred in the third support portion P3. Alternatively, the determination unit 23 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the second support portion P2 or the third support portion P3 when the first angular velocity acquired by the first angular velocity acquisition unit 21 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Good.

同様に、判定部23は、第2角速度が所定の許容範囲を超えたと判定されると、第1支持部P1又は第4支持部P4における異常が発生したと判定する。例えば、判定部23は、第2角速度取得部22で取得された第2角速度が予め記憶された正常時の第2角速度の値から所定の割合を超えて乖離したときに、第1支持部P1又は第4支持部P4における異常が発生したと判定してもよい。或いは、判定部23は、第2角速度取得部22で取得された第2角速度が所定の閾値を超えたときに、第1支持部P1又は第4支持部P4における異常が発生したと判定してもよい。 Similarly, when it is determined that the second angular velocity exceeds the predetermined allowable range, the determination unit 23 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the first support portion P1 or the fourth support portion P4. For example, when the second angular velocity acquired by the second angular velocity acquisition unit 22 deviates from the previously stored value of the normal second angular velocity by more than a predetermined ratio, the determination unit 23 determines the first support P1. Alternatively, it may be determined that an abnormality has occurred in the fourth support portion P4. Alternatively, the determination unit 23 determines that an abnormality has occurred in the first support portion P1 or the fourth support portion P4 when the second angular velocity acquired by the second angular velocity acquisition unit 22 exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Good.

出力部24は、判定部23で異常発生が判定されると、その異常を外部の装置(例えば、鉄道車両の運転台の表示装置、基地局のサーバ等)に送信する。 When the determination unit 23 determines that an abnormality has occurred, the output unit 24 transmits the abnormality to an external device (for example, a driver's cab display device of a rail vehicle, a server of a base station, etc.).

図3(A)は比較例の正常状態及び異常状態におけるロール角速度を示すグラフ、図3(B)は比較例の正常状態及び異常状態におけるピッチ角速度を示すグラフである。図4(A)は実施例の正常状態及び異常状態における第1角速度を示すグラフ、図4(B)は実施例の正常状態及び異常状態における第2角速度を示すグラフである。比較例及び実施例では、コンピュータシミュレーションを用い、第1〜第4軸バネ63A〜63Dの剛性(バネ定数)を全て100%とした正常状態と、第2〜第4軸バネ63B〜63Dの剛性(バネ定数)を100%として且つ第1軸バネ63Aの剛性(バネ定数)を90%とした異常状態とでそれぞれ運動解析を行った。即ち、異常状態は、第1軸バネ63Aにのみ剛性が低下する異常が発生した状態を想定したものである。 FIG. 3A is a graph showing the roll angular velocity in the normal state and the abnormal state of the comparative example, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing the pitch angular velocity in the normal state and the abnormal state of the comparative example. FIG. 4A is a graph showing the first angular velocity in the normal state and abnormal state of the embodiment, and FIG. 4B is a graph showing the second angular velocity in the normal state and abnormal state of the embodiment. In the comparative example and the example, a computer simulation is used to set the rigidity (spring constant) of the first to fourth axial springs 63A to 63D to 100% in a normal state and the rigidity of the second to fourth axial springs 63B to 63D. The motion analysis was performed under the abnormal condition in which the (spring constant) was 100% and the rigidity (spring constant) of the first axial spring 63A was 90%. That is, the abnormal state is assumed to be a state in which abnormality occurs in the rigidity of only the first shaft spring 63A.

比較例では、前記正常状態と前記異常状態との夫々において台車枠のロール角速度及びピッチ角速度を評価した。実施例では、前記正常状態と前記異常状態との夫々において台車枠の第1対角線L1周りの第1角速度及び第2対角線L2周りの第2角速度を評価した。即ち、評価対象の物理量は、比較例ではロール角速度及びピッチ角速度であり、実施例では、第1角速度及び第2角速度である。図3(A)(B)及び図4(A)(B)のグラフは、時系列的に得られた評価対象の物理量の実際値(図3(A)であればロール角速度の実際値(生データ)より算出した1秒間隔の二乗平均平方根(RMS)値)を、予め取得した正常時のRMS値の平均値で無次元化し、時系列データの中心値を「1」として表示したものである。 In the comparative example, the roll angular velocity and the pitch angular velocity of the bogie frame were evaluated in each of the normal state and the abnormal state. In the example, the first angular velocity around the first diagonal line L1 and the second angular velocity around the second diagonal line L2 of the bogie frame were evaluated in each of the normal state and the abnormal state. That is, the physical quantities to be evaluated are the roll angular velocity and the pitch angular velocity in the comparative example, and the first angular velocity and the second angular velocity in the example. The graphs of FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B show the actual value of the physical quantity of the evaluation target obtained in time series (the actual value of the roll angular velocity in the case of FIG. The root mean square (RMS) value at 1-second intervals calculated from the raw data) is made dimensionless by the average value of the RMS values at normal time acquired in advance, and the center value of the time series data is displayed as "1". Is.

図3(A)(B)から分かるように、比較例では、ロール角速度及びピッチ角速度の両方において異常状態のデータが正常状態のデータから乖離するものの、その乖離度が小さくて互いに区別しにくく、異常検知の感度が低くなる。これは、第1軸バネ63Aの剛性低下の影響がロール角速度とピッチ角速度との両方に影響するために、当該影響が希釈されたからであると考えられる。 As can be seen from FIGS. 3A and 3B, in the comparative example, although the data in the abnormal state deviates from the data in the normal state in both the roll angular velocity and the pitch angular velocity, the deviance is small and it is difficult to distinguish them from each other. Anomaly detection sensitivity is low. It is considered that this is because the influence of the decrease in the rigidity of the first axial spring 63A affects both the roll angular velocity and the pitch angular velocity, and thus the influence is diluted.

他方、図4(A)(B)から分かるように、実施例では、第1角速度において異常状態のデータが正常状態のデータと殆ど一致しているが、第2角速度において異常状態のデータが正常状態のデータから大きく乖離しており、異常検知の感度が高くなる。このように、第2角速度を監視することで第1軸バネ63Aの異常を容易に検出できる。 On the other hand, as can be seen from FIGS. 4A and 4B, in the embodiment, the data in the abnormal state at the first angular velocity almost match the data in the normal state, but the data in the abnormal state at the second angular velocity is normal. It greatly deviates from the state data, and the sensitivity of abnormality detection increases. As described above, by monitoring the second angular velocity, the abnormality of the first axial spring 63A can be easily detected.

以上に説明した構成によれば、第1角速度取得部21で算出される第1対角線L1周りの第1角速度は、第1対角線L1の外側に配置された第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3の影響を受け、第1対角線L1上に配置された第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4の影響を受けない。同様に、第2角速度取得部22で算出される第2対角線L2周りの第2角速度は、第2対角線L2の外側に配置された第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4の影響を受け、第2対角線L2上に配置された第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3の影響を受けない。即ち、1つの対角線周りの1つの角速度は、第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4のうち2つの支持部のみの影響を受ける。よって、第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4のうち1つの支持部の異常が監視対象の物理量(角速度)に及ぼす影響の度合いが高まり、支持部P1〜P4における異常の検知感度を高めることができる。 According to the configuration described above, the first angular velocity around the first diagonal line L1 calculated by the first angular velocity acquisition unit 21 has the second support portion P2 and the third support portion arranged outside the first diagonal line L1. It is influenced by P3 and is not influenced by the first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4 arranged on the first diagonal line L1. Similarly, the second angular velocity around the second diagonal line L2 calculated by the second angular velocity acquisition unit 22 is influenced by the first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4 arranged outside the second diagonal line L2, It is not affected by the second support portion P2 and the third support portion P3 arranged on the second diagonal line L2. That is, one angular velocity around one diagonal line is affected by only two support parts of the first to fourth support parts P1 to P4. Therefore, the degree of influence of the abnormality of one of the first to fourth support portions P1 to P4 on the physical quantity (angular velocity) to be monitored increases, and the detection sensitivity of the abnormality in the support portions P1 to P4 can be increased. it can.

また、第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4の異常を検知するために2つのセンサ(第1及び第2角速度センサ11,12)で足りるため、センサ数を低減してコスト削減を図ることができる。また、各センサ11,12は、加速度ではなく角速度を検出するので、各対角線L1、L2周りの角速度を検出できる位置であれば各センサ11,12を互いに近接配置することもできる。よって、鉄道車両におけるセンサ配置の自由度を高めることもできる。 Moreover, since two sensors (the first and second angular velocity sensors 11 and 12) are sufficient for detecting the abnormality of the first to fourth support portions P1 to P4, the number of sensors can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. it can. Further, since the sensors 11 and 12 detect not the acceleration but the angular velocity, the sensors 11 and 12 can be arranged close to each other as long as the angular velocity around the diagonal lines L1 and L2 can be detected. Therefore, the degree of freedom in arranging the sensors in the railway vehicle can be increased.

(第2実施形態)
図5は、鉄道車両の一次サスペンション(板バネ)に適用された第2実施形態に係る異常検知システム101を示す概略平面図である。図5に示すように、異常検知システム101は、鉄道車両の板バネ式の台車151に対して適用される。
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view showing an abnormality detection system 101 according to the second embodiment applied to a primary suspension (leaf spring) of a railway vehicle. As shown in FIG. 5, the abnormality detection system 101 is applied to a leaf spring type bogie 151 of a railway vehicle.

台車151は、横梁を有し且つ側梁が省略された台車枠164を備える。台車151は、第1軸箱62Aに一端部が支持され且つ第3軸箱62Cに他端部が支持された第1板バネ163Aと、第2軸箱62Bに一端部が支持され且つ第4軸箱62Dに他端部が支持された第2板バネ163Bとを備える。第1板バネ163Aの中央部は、台車枠164の横方向の一端部を支持し、第2板バネ163Bの中央部は、台車枠164の横方向の他端部を支持する。なお、板バネ163A,163Bと台車枠164との間、及び、板バネ163A,163Bと軸箱63A〜63Dとの間には、介在部材(例えば、支持具、防振ゴム等)が介在し得る。 The bogie 151 includes a bogie frame 164 having a lateral beam and side beams omitted. The carriage 151 has a first leaf spring 163A having one end supported by the first axle box 62A and the other end supported by the third axle box 62C, and one end supported by the second axle box 62B and a fourth leaf spring 163A. A second plate spring 163B, the other end of which is supported by the axle box 62D, is provided. The central portion of the first leaf spring 163A supports one end portion of the bogie frame 164 in the lateral direction, and the central portion of the second leaf spring 163B supports the other end portion of the bogie frame 164 in the lateral direction. In addition, an intervening member (for example, a support tool, a rubber isolator, etc.) is interposed between the leaf springs 163A and 163B and the bogie frame 164, and between the leaf springs 163A and 163B and the axle boxes 63A to 63D. obtain.

平面視において第1板バネ163Aのうち第1軸箱62Aに重なる一端部が、台車枠164を支持するための第1支持部P1である。平面視において第2板バネ163Bのうち第2軸箱62Bに重なる一端部が、台車枠164を支持するための第2支持部P2である。平面視において第1板バネ163Aのうち第3軸箱62Cに重なる他端部が、台車枠164を支持するための第3支持部P3である。平面視において第2板バネ163Bのうち第4軸箱62Dに重なる他端部が、台車枠164を支持するための第4支持部P4である。 One end of the first leaf spring 163A that overlaps the first axle box 62A in a plan view is a first support portion P1 for supporting the bogie frame 164. One end portion of the second plate spring 163B overlapping with the second axle box 62B in a plan view is a second support portion P2 for supporting the bogie frame 164. The other end of the first plate spring 163A that overlaps with the third axle box 62C in a plan view is a third support portion P3 for supporting the bogie frame 164. The other end of the second plate spring 163B overlapping with the fourth axle box 62D in a plan view is a fourth support portion P4 for supporting the bogie frame 164.

第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4は、平面視において仮想四角形VSの4つの角にそれぞれ位置する。第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4が、仮想四角形VSの第1対角線L1上に配置される。第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3が、仮想四角形VSの第2対角線L2上に配置される。よって、第1板バネ163Aの一端部(第1支持部P1)又は第2板バネ163Bの他端部(第4支持部P4)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、台車枠164が第2対角線L2周りに回転して姿勢変化する。また、第2板バネ163Bの一端部(第2支持部P2)又は第1板バネ163Aの他端部(第3支持部P3)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、台車枠164が第1対角線L1周りに回転して姿勢変化する。 The first to fourth support portions P1 to P4 are respectively located at four corners of the virtual quadrangle VS in plan view. The first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4 are arranged on the first diagonal line L1 of the virtual quadrangle VS. The second support portion P2 and the third support portion P3 are arranged on the second diagonal line L2 of the virtual quadrangle VS. Therefore, when an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of the one end portion (first support portion P1) of the first leaf spring 163A or the other end portion (fourth support portion P4) of the second leaf spring 163B, The bogie frame 164 rotates around the second diagonal line L2 to change its posture. When an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of one end of the second plate spring 163B (second support part P2) or the other end of the first plate spring 163A (third support part P3), The bogie frame 164 rotates around the first diagonal line L1 to change its posture.

異常検知システム101は、第1実施形態と同様に、異常検知装置10と、台車51に搭載された第1角速度センサ11及び第2角速度センサ12とを備える。第1角速度センサ11は、台車枠164の第1対角線L1周りの回転の角速度である第1角速度を検出する。第2角速度センサ12は、台車枠164の第2対角線L2周りの回転の角速度である第2角速度を検出する。異常検知装置10の処理内容は、第1実施形態と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。このように、側梁を備えない台車であっても、第1実施形態と同様に、台車の支持部における異常の検知感度を高めることができる。 The abnormality detection system 101 includes the abnormality detection device 10 and the first angular velocity sensor 11 and the second angular velocity sensor 12 mounted on the carriage 51, as in the first embodiment. The first angular velocity sensor 11 detects a first angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the bogie frame 164 around the first diagonal line L1. The second angular velocity sensor 12 detects a second angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the bogie frame 164 around the second diagonal line L2. Since the processing content of the abnormality detection device 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted. In this way, even with a dolly without side beams, it is possible to increase the sensitivity of detecting an abnormality in the support portion of the dolly, as in the first embodiment.

(第3実施形態)
図6は、鉄道車両の二次サスペンション(空気バネ)に適用された第3実施形態に係る異常検知システム201を示す概略平面図である。図6に示すように、異常検知システム201は、鉄道車両の車体52に対して適用される。
(Third Embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view showing an abnormality detection system 201 according to the third embodiment applied to a secondary suspension (air spring) of a railway vehicle. As shown in FIG. 6, the abnormality detection system 201 is applied to the vehicle body 52 of a railway vehicle.

鉄道車両は、車体52と、車体52の一端部を支持する第1台車51Aと、車体52の他端部を支持する第2台車51Bとを備える。車体52と第1台車51Aとの間には、互いに横方向に離れて配置された第1空気バネ53A及び第2空気バネ53Bが介在している。車体52と第2台車51Bとの間には、互いに横方向に離れて配置された第3空気バネ53C及び第4空気バネ53Dが介在している。第1及び第2空気バネ53A,53Bは、第1台車51Aと車体52との間に配置された二次サスペンションの役目を果たし、第3及び第4空気バネ53C,53Dは、第2台車51Bと車体52との間に配置された二次サスペンションの役目を果たす。 The railroad vehicle includes a vehicle body 52, a first truck 51A that supports one end of the vehicle body 52, and a second truck 51B that supports the other end of the vehicle body 52. A first air spring 53A and a second air spring 53B, which are laterally separated from each other, are interposed between the vehicle body 52 and the first carriage 51A. A third air spring 53C and a fourth air spring 53D that are laterally separated from each other are interposed between the vehicle body 52 and the second carriage 51B. The first and second air springs 53A, 53B serve as a secondary suspension arranged between the first carriage 51A and the vehicle body 52, and the third and fourth air springs 53C, 53D serve as the second carriage 51B. And plays a role of a secondary suspension arranged between the vehicle body 52 and the vehicle body 52.

平面視において第1空気バネ53Aのうち車体52に重なる部分が、車体52を支持するための第1支持部P1である。平面視において第2空気バネ53Bのうち車体52に重なる部分が、車体52を支持するための第2支持部P2である。平面視において第3空気バネ53Cのうち車体52に重なる部分が、車体52を支持するための第3支持部P3である。平面視において第4空気バネ53Dのうち車体52に重なる部分が、車体52を支持するための第4支持部P4である。 A portion of the first air spring 53A that overlaps the vehicle body 52 in a plan view is a first support portion P1 for supporting the vehicle body 52. A portion of the second air spring 53B that overlaps the vehicle body 52 in a plan view is a second support portion P2 for supporting the vehicle body 52. A portion of the third air spring 53C that overlaps the vehicle body 52 in a plan view is a third support portion P3 for supporting the vehicle body 52. A portion of the fourth air spring 53D that overlaps the vehicle body 52 in a plan view is a fourth support portion P4 for supporting the vehicle body 52.

第1〜第4支持部P1〜P4は、平面視において仮想四角形VSの4つの角にそれぞれ位置する。第1支持部P1及び第4支持部P4が、仮想四角形VSの第1対角線L1上に配置される。第2支持部P2及び第3支持部P3が、仮想四角形VSの第2対角線L2上に配置される。よって、第1空気バネ53A(第1支持部P1)又は第4空気バネ53D(第4支持部P4)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、車体52が第2対角線L2周りに回転して姿勢変化する。また、第2空気バネ53B(第2支持部P2)又は第3空気バネ53C(第3支持部P3)の剛性に意図されない変化(異常)が生じた場合には、車体52が第1対角線L1周りに回転して姿勢変化する。 The first to fourth support portions P1 to P4 are respectively located at four corners of the virtual quadrangle VS in plan view. The first support portion P1 and the fourth support portion P4 are arranged on the first diagonal line L1 of the virtual quadrangle VS. The second support portion P2 and the third support portion P3 are arranged on the second diagonal line L2 of the virtual quadrangle VS. Therefore, when an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of the first air spring 53A (first support portion P1) or the fourth air spring 53D (fourth support portion P4), the vehicle body 52 moves to the second diagonal line L2. The posture changes by rotating around. When an unintended change (abnormality) occurs in the rigidity of the second air spring 53B (second support portion P2) or the third air spring 53C (third support portion P3), the vehicle body 52 moves to the first diagonal line L1. The posture changes by rotating around.

異常検知システム201は、異常検知装置10と、車体52に搭載された第1角速度センサ11及び第2角速度センサ12とを備える。第1角速度センサ11は、車体52の第1対角線L1周りの回転の角速度である第1角速度を検出する。第2角速度センサ12は、車体52の第2対角線L2周りの回転の角速度である第2角速度を検出する。異常検知装置10の処理内容は、第1実施形態と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。このように、適用対象が二次サスペンションであっても、第1実施形態と同様に、車体52の支持部における異常の検知感度を高めることができる。 The abnormality detection system 201 includes the abnormality detection device 10 and the first angular velocity sensor 11 and the second angular velocity sensor 12 mounted on the vehicle body 52. The first angular velocity sensor 11 detects a first angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the vehicle body 52 around the first diagonal line L1. The second angular velocity sensor 12 detects a second angular velocity that is an angular velocity of rotation of the vehicle body 52 around the second diagonal line L2. Since the processing content of the abnormality detection device 10 is the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted. As described above, even if the application target is the secondary suspension, it is possible to increase the detection sensitivity of the abnormality in the support portion of the vehicle body 52, as in the first embodiment.

1,101,201 異常検知システム
10 異常検知装置
11 第1角速度センサ
12 第2角速度センサ
21 第1角速度取得部
22 第2角速度取得部
23 判定部
51,51A,51B,151 台車
52 車体
53A〜53D 第1〜第4空気バネ(二次サスペンション)
62A〜62D 第1〜第4軸箱
63A〜64D 第1〜第4軸バネ(一次サスペンション)
64,164 台車枠
163A,163B 第1及び第2板バネ(一次サスペンション)
L1 第1対角線
L2 第2対角線
P1〜P4 第1〜第4支持部
1, 101, 201 Abnormality Detection System 10 Abnormality Detection Device 11 First Angular Velocity Sensor 12 Second Angular Velocity Sensor 21 First Angular Velocity Acquisition Unit 22 Second Angular Velocity Acquisition Unit 23 Judgment Units 51, 51A, 51B, 151 Bogie 52 Vehicle Body 53A to 53D First to fourth air springs (secondary suspension)
62A-62D 1st-4th axle box 63A-64D 1st-4th axle spring (primary suspension)
64,164 Bogie frame 163A, 163B First and second leaf springs (primary suspension)
L1 1st diagonal line L2 2nd diagonal line P1-P4 1st-4th support part

Claims (4)

平面視において仮想四角形の4つの角にそれぞれ位置する第1〜第4支持部を備えた鉄道車両であって、平面視において前記第1支持部及び前記第4支持部が前記仮想四角形の第1対角線上に配置され且つ前記第2支持部及び前記第3支持部が前記仮想四角形の第2対角線上に配置されてなる鉄道車両の異常検知装置であって、
前記第1対角線周りの第1角速度を取得する第1角速度取得部と、
前記第2対角線周りの第2角速度を取得する第2角速度取得部と、
前記第1角速度取得部で取得された第1角速度に基づいて、前記第2支持部又は第3支持部における異常を判定し、かつ、前記第2角速度取得部で取得された第2角速度に基づいて、前記第1支持部又は第4支持部における異常を判定する判定部と、を有する、鉄道車両の異常検知装置。
It is a railway vehicle provided with the 1st-4th support part respectively located in four corners of a virtual quadrangle in planar view, and the 1st support part and the 4th support part are the 1st of the above-mentioned virtual quadrangle in a plan view. An abnormality detection device for a railway vehicle, which is arranged on a diagonal line and in which the second support portion and the third support portion are arranged on a second diagonal line of the virtual quadrangle,
A first angular velocity acquisition unit that acquires a first angular velocity around the first diagonal line;
A second angular velocity acquisition unit that acquires a second angular velocity around the second diagonal line;
Based on the first angular velocity acquired by the first angular velocity acquisition unit, an abnormality in the second support unit or the third support unit is determined, and based on the second angular velocity acquired by the second angular velocity acquisition unit And a determination unit that determines an abnormality in the first support portion or the fourth support portion.
前記鉄道車両は、台車における軸箱と台車枠との間に配置された一次サスペンションを備え、
前記第1〜第4支持部は、前記一次サスペンションのうち前記軸箱に重なる部分である、請求項1に記載の鉄道車両の異常検知装置。
The railway vehicle includes a primary suspension arranged between the axle box and the bogie frame of the bogie,
The abnormality detection device for a rail vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first to fourth support portions are portions of the primary suspension that overlap the axle box.
前記鉄道車両は、車体と台車との間に配置された二次サスペンションを備え、
前記第1〜第4支持部は、前記二次サスペンションのうち前記車体に重なる部分である、請求項1に記載の鉄道車両の異常検知装置。
The railway vehicle includes a secondary suspension arranged between a car body and a bogie,
The abnormality detection device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the first to fourth support portions are portions of the secondary suspension that overlap the vehicle body.
請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の異常検知装置と、
前記第1角速度を検出する第1角速度センサと、
前記第2角速度を検出する第2角速度センサと、を備え、
前記異常検知装置の前記第1角速度取得部は、前記第1角速度センサの検出値を受信し、
前記異常検知装置の前記第2角速度取得部は、前記第2角速度センサの検出値を受信する、鉄道車両の異常検知システム。
An abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A first angular velocity sensor for detecting the first angular velocity;
A second angular velocity sensor for detecting the second angular velocity,
The first angular velocity acquisition unit of the abnormality detection device receives a detection value of the first angular velocity sensor,
The abnormality detection system for a railway vehicle, wherein the second angular velocity acquisition unit of the abnormality detection device receives a detection value of the second angular velocity sensor.
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