JP2020104784A - Vehicle front structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a vehicle front structure in which a structural body does not contact with an embarkation such as a vehicle drive motor located ahead of a cabin even at a small-overlap front face collision.SOLUTION: Both end parts of a bumper beam 12 are connected to front outside parts of side members 10 by a gusset 20, the side members 10 at both sides in a vehicle width direction are connected to each other by a cross member 26 in the vicinity of a connection part of the gusset 20 and the cross members 10, a position of a vehicle front end part of the connection part of the cross member 26 and the side members 10 is set to a position which is the same as a position of a vehicle rear end part of the connection part of the gusset 20 and the side members 10 in a vehicle fore-and-aft direction, or at a vehicle rear side, and the stiffness of a side member connection part 24 of the gusset 20 is set higher than the stiffness of the vicinity of a cross member connection part 11 of the side members 10. When a load of a small-overlap front face collision acts, the side member connection part 24 of the gusset 20 presses and crushes the side members 10, and is pressed to the cross member 26.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to a vehicle body front structure, and more particularly to a vehicle body front structure in which both end portions of a bumper beam in the vehicle width direction are connected to vehicle front portions of side members via gussets.

As a collision pattern of a vehicle, a small overlap frontal collision is known in which a collision object collides from the front of the vehicle with only a part on the end side in the vehicle width direction. A small overlap test (small overlap frontal collision test) is also known as a test for passenger protection in the passenger compartment. In this test, the structure of the vehicle body front structure on the front side of the vehicle is deformed. , Tests and studies are being conducted to determine whether or not to absorb the load energy.

As a technique for dealing with a small overlap frontal collision, for example, in a vehicle body front structure described in Patent Document 1 below, both vehicle width direction end portions of a bumper beam are connected to vehicle front portions of side members via gussets, respectively. There is. The gusset is arranged so that the connecting portion on the bumper beam side of the connecting portion on the side member side extends outward in the vehicle width direction toward the front of the vehicle. As a result, when a load acts at the time of a small overlap frontal collision, the gusset deforms the side member inward in the vehicle width direction and pushes the power unit (engine) laterally of the vehicle. As a result, the energy of the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision is absorbed. As described in Patent Document 2 below, there is also a vehicle body front structure in which the side members on both sides in the vehicle width direction are connected by cross members in the vicinity of the joint between the gusset and the side member.

JP, 2017-171222, A JP, 2017-109713, A

By the way, in an electric vehicle, a motor (motor generator) for driving the vehicle may be mounted on the front portion of the vehicle. Specifically, a motor is mounted in a mounting portion of a power unit (engine) in a general passenger vehicle, that is, in the front of the passenger compartment. As described above, when the vehicle body front structure described in Patent Document 1 is adopted in the vehicle in which the motor is mounted in the front of the vehicle compartment, the side member or gusset deformed/moved by the load of the small overlap frontal collision comes into contact with the motor. However, this may damage the motor. Generally, a motor for driving a vehicle is driven by a high voltage and a large current, and therefore damage to the motor for driving the vehicle needs to be avoided in order to avoid, for example, electric leakage. As a result, a vehicle body front structure is desired in which the structure does not come into contact with a mounted object in front of the vehicle compartment even in the case of a small overlap frontal collision.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a vehicle body front structure in which a structure does not come into contact with a mounted object in front of a vehicle compartment, particularly a vehicle driving motor even when a small overlap frontal collision occurs. To do.

In order to achieve the above object, the vehicle body front structure according to claim 1,
A side member that extends in the vehicle front-rear direction on both sides in the vehicle width direction, and a vehicle front portion of the side member that is bridged between the two side members, and both vehicle width direction ends are in the vehicle width direction than the side member. A bumper beam extending to the outside, a connecting member that connects both ends of the bumper beam in the vehicle width direction and an outer portion of the side member in the vehicle width direction, and a portion to be joined to the side member is connected to the bumper beam. A vehicle body front having a gusset configured such that a connecting portion is located in front of the vehicle and outside in the vehicle width direction, and a cross member that connects the two side members in the vicinity of a connecting portion between the gusset and the side member. In the partial structure,
The position of the vehicle front end of the joint between the cross member and the side member is the same as the position of the vehicle rear end of the joint between the gusset and the side member in the vehicle front-rear direction, or on the vehicle rear side. The rigidity of at least the side member connecting portion which is a connecting portion of the gusset to the side member is set in the vicinity of the cross member connecting portion including the cross member connecting portion which is a connecting portion of the side member with the cross member. It is characterized by being set to be larger than the rigidity of.

According to this configuration, when the load of the small overlap frontal collision is applied, the gusset is moved to the rear of the vehicle and to the inner side in the vehicle width direction, whereby the side member connecting portion of the gusset presses the cross member connecting portion of the side member. Crush. The crushing of the side member by the gusset takes time, even if it is a short time, and during that time, the gusset is moved to the vehicle rear side at the same time as the vehicle width direction inner side. However, before this side member is crushed, the gusset is connected to the side member at a position slightly forward of the cross member to the vehicle. Therefore, when the crushing is completed, the gusset side member joint is located on the cross member side. Move to and press. At this time, since the side member connecting portion of the gusset is pressed against the cross member toward the vehicle rearward and inward in the vehicle width direction, the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision is the vehicle rearward and vehicle widthwise inward. Distributed almost evenly.

Among them, the cross member supports the dispersed load acting on the inner side in the vehicle width direction, so that the side member is prevented from being bent inward in the vehicle width direction. Therefore, the portion of the side member on the vehicle rear side of the cross member coupling portion is bent inward in the vehicle width direction or is mainly in a state of compressive deformation toward the vehicle rear side, and the structure constituting the vehicle body front structure is It is possible to avoid contact with a mounted object (motor, etc.) in front.

The vehicle body front structure according to claim 2 is the vehicle body front structure according to claim 1,
The gusset side member coupling portion is formed of a high-rigidity member having substantially non-deformable rigidity with respect to a load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision, and the rigidity of a bumper beam coupling portion that is a coupling portion of the gusset to the bumper beam. Is characterized by a rigidity that is crushed by the load at the time of the small overlap frontal collision.

According to this configuration, when the bumper beam connecting portion existing on the vehicle front side and outside in the vehicle width direction with respect to the side member connecting portion of the gusset starts to be crushed by the load at the time of the small overlap frontal collision, a predetermined amount in a plan view of the vehicle is obtained. The side member connecting portion is rotated rearward of the vehicle and inward in the vehicle width direction with the position as the center. In this state, the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision further acts on the vehicle rearward direction, and as a result, the side member coupling portion is moved rearward of the vehicle and inward in the vehicle width direction. Since the side member connecting portion has a rigidity that is substantially undeformed even when a load is applied during a small-overlap frontal collision, the side member connecting portion surely crushes the cross member connecting portion of the side member, and The side member connection part of the gusset directly presses against the cross member.

The vehicle body front structure according to claim 3 is the vehicle body front structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gusset is configured such that the side member coupling portion has a predetermined load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision. It is arranged such that the load is directly pressed against the vehicle and the load is substantially evenly distributed in the rear direction of the vehicle and inward in the vehicle width direction.

According to this configuration, for example, since the gusset is preliminarily arranged at the position obtained by the stress analysis of the predetermined load acting at the time of the small overlap frontal collision, the side member having high rigidity of the gusset at the time of the small overlap frontal collision. The connecting portion reliably presses against the cross member to reliably and evenly distribute the load to the rear of the vehicle and the inner side in the vehicle width direction. As a result, a large amount of movement of the structure toward the rear side of the vehicle during a small overlap frontal collision is reliably avoided, which prevents the structure forming the vehicle body front structure from coming into contact with an object in front of the vehicle compartment. It can be avoided.

As described above, according to the present invention, the portion in the vicinity of the cross member coupling portion of the side member can be crushed mainly toward the rear of the vehicle to absorb energy against the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision. It is possible to avoid the structure constituting the vehicle body front structure from coming into contact with a mounted object such as a vehicle driving motor in the front of the vehicle compartment. As a result, not only can the occupant in the passenger compartment be protected in the event of a small-overlap frontal collision, but also the problem of electric leakage in the electric vehicle can be avoided.

1 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of a vehicle body front portion of an electric vehicle to which a vehicle body front portion structure of the present invention is applied. It is explanatory drawing of the effect|action of the vehicle body front part structure of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the effect|action of the vehicle body front part structure of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the effect|action of the vehicle body front part structure of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the effect|action of the vehicle body front part structure of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the effect|action of the vehicle body front part structure of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a vehicle body front structure of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle body front portion of this embodiment. As is well known, various vehicle body structures are complicatedly arranged and attached in an actual vehicle, but the following drawings briefly show only the main part of the vehicle body front structure of this embodiment. .. Further, a vehicle compartment is provided behind the vehicle in the illustrated vehicle body front structure. In addition, “front”, “left”, and “upper” in the figure indicate directions when the vehicle is in the passenger compartment.

Side members 10 extending in the vehicle front-rear direction are disposed on both sides of the vehicle width direction. Although only the front portion of the vehicle is shown in the figure, in reality, it may be extended to the lower portion of the vehicle compartment and may be extended to the rear portion of the vehicle. The side member 10 in the vehicle body front structure is also called a front side frame or the like, and is an important skeleton member that supports the vehicle body front structure in any vehicle. The extension direction of the side member 10 in the up-down direction is substantially parallel to the road surface.

A bumper beam 12 extending in the vehicle width direction is disposed in front of the two side members 10 in the vehicle. The bumper beam 12 of this embodiment is bridged between the two side members 10 and both ends in the vehicle width direction of the bumper beam 12 extend to the outside of the side members 10 in the vehicle width direction. In this embodiment, the bumper beam 12 is attached to the vehicle front end of the side member 10 via a crash box 14 extending in the vehicle front-rear direction. That is, the vehicle front end of the side member 10 is not directly connected to the bumper beam 12, but the crash box 14 is interposed between the vehicle front end of the side member 10 and the bumper beam 12.

The crash box 14 absorbs energy by being crushed by a load from the front of the vehicle. The crash box 14 is generally attached integrally to the bumper beam 12, and the crash box 14 is attached to the bumper beam 12 and the vehicle front end of the side member 10 via fasteners such as bolts and nuts. Therefore, as is well known, the plate integrally fixed to each of the connecting structures of the crash box 14 and the side member 10 is interposed, but illustration and description thereof are omitted in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the vehicle front end portion of the side member 10 to which the crash box 14 is attached is made of a member having a relatively high rigidity, and hereinafter, this portion is also referred to as a front high rigidity portion 16.

Portions of the bumper beam 12 that extend outward in the vehicle width direction with respect to the position of the side member 10 are located on both sides of the vehicle width direction in the vehicle front portion of the side member 10 via gussets 20 that are connecting members. It is connected to the vehicle width direction outer side portion (surface). Therefore, the gusset 20 is arranged in the vehicle front-rear direction so that the connecting portion (bumper beam connecting portion 22) to the bumper beam 12 is more forward than the connecting portion (side member connecting portion 24) to the side member 10 in the vehicle front and rear direction. It is arranged so as to extend obliquely. The gusset 20 of this embodiment is constructed by integrating a side member coupling portion 24 and a bumper beam coupling portion 22 into two parts. Among these, the side member coupling portion 24 is a bulk (lump) having a substantially undeformed rigidity that does not deform or slightly deforms even when a load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision described later is applied. It is composed of such a high-rigidity member. That is, the side member joint portion 24 is larger in rigidity than the cross member joint portion which is a joint portion of the side member 10 with the cross member 26 and the vicinity thereof.

On the other hand, the bumper beam joint portion 22 is a member having a rigidity lower than that of the side member joint portion 24, and has a rectangular closed cross section, for example, and is crushed in the extending direction of the member when a load of a small overlap frontal collision is applied. It has been set to various rigidity. Although the connection structure of the gusset 20 and the side member 10 is not shown in detail, for example, a flange-shaped connection part that is wide in the vertical direction is formed from the vehicle width direction inner rear end of the side member connection part 24 of the gusset 20. A small extension is provided on the rear side of the vehicle, and the extended flange-like connecting portion is firmly fixed to the vehicle width direction outer side surface of the side member 10 at a plurality of welding points in the vertical direction. That is, the connecting portion (the position) of the gusset 20 and the side member 10 is not separated from the main body of the gusset 20 toward the vehicle rear side. By the way, the side member connecting portion 24 of the gusset 20 is connected to the front high rigidity portion 16 of the side member 10 (see, for example, FIG. 2 ). The extension direction of the gusset 20 in the up-down direction is substantially parallel to the road surface.

The vehicle front parts of the two side members 10 are connected to each other by a cross member 26 arranged between the side members 10 in the vicinity of the joint with the gusset 20. The side member 10 is connected to a cross member 26 shown in the figure as well as a lateral member such as a radiator core support arranged on the vehicle front-rear direction side, but here, a portion to which the gusset 20 is joined. Only the cross member 26 of FIG. In this embodiment, the positional relationship between the cross member 26 and the gusset 20 is important. In the cross member 26 and the gusset 20, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the position of the vehicle front end portion of the connecting portion between the cross member 26 and the side member 10 is the vehicle rear side of the connecting portion between the gusset 20 and the side member 10. It is set at the same position in the vehicle front-rear direction as the position of the end portion or at the vehicle rear side. This is because, as will be described later, the side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 directly presses the cross member 26 by the load of the small overlap frontal collision, and the load is substantially rearward in the vehicle front-rear direction and inward in the vehicle width direction. It is a constituent requirement for even distribution.

In this embodiment, a motor (motor generator) (not shown) for driving the vehicle is mounted on the vehicle rear side of the cross member 26 and between the two side members 10, that is, in front of the vehicle compartment. In addition, a drive battery may be disposed on the vehicle rear side of the motor. The rigidity of the portion of the side member 10 near the passenger compartment is enhanced by, for example, a strut tower 28 integrally formed above. Further, a motor mount member (not shown) arranged on the side member 10 may also contribute to improving the rigidity of the side member 10 near the vehicle compartment. A portion of the side member 10 near the vehicle compartment is referred to as a rear high rigidity portion 26.

Next, the operation of the vehicle body front structure of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the behavior of the electric vehicle of the present embodiment at the time of a small overlap frontal collision will be described. In this small overlap frontal collision, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a vehicle front range of a distance corresponding to 25% of the vehicle width from the vehicle width direction outer side is preset to a predetermined shape barrier B from the vehicle front side. Collide at the prescribed speed. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a state where the barrier B has started contact with the bumper beam 12. Hereinafter, all the drawings show only the front left end portion of the vehicle (the strut tower is not shown). In this embodiment, the barrier B first contacts the vehicle width direction slightly outside of the crash box 14. When the barrier B relatively advances toward the vehicle rear side from this state, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 3, the bumper beam connecting portion 22 of the gusset 20 is crushed in the member extending direction and crashes as the bumper beam 12 is deformed. Crushing of the box 14 toward the vehicle rear side starts.

Further, when the barrier B relatively advances toward the vehicle rear side, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 4, the bumper beam connecting portion 22 and the crush box 14 of the gusset 20 are substantially crushed and the front high rigidity portion 16 of the side member 10 is crushed. Accordingly, the side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 starts to rotate toward the vehicle rear side and the vehicle width direction inner side around the vehicle width direction slightly inner side portion of the vehicle front end portion of the side member 10 in the vehicle plan view. At the same time, the vehicle rear portion of the front high rigidity portion 16 of the side member 10, that is, the portion between the front high rigidity portion 16 and the cross member 26 is crushed toward the vehicle rear side. The collapse of these structures absorbs some of the energy of the small overlap frontal collision loads. Further, when the barrier B relatively advances toward the vehicle rear side, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 5, the high-rigidity side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 is coupled to the cross member 26 of the side member 10 (cross portion). The member connecting portion 11) is crushed by crushing it toward the vehicle rear side and the vehicle width direction inner side.

While the side member connecting portion 24 of the gusset 20 crushes the cross member connecting portion 11 of the side member 10, the side member connecting portion 24 is further moved to the vehicle rear side at the same time as the vehicle width direction inner side. Since the side member joining portion 24 is joined to the side member 10 at a position slightly ahead of the cross member 26 on the vehicle front side, when the crushing of the side member 10 is completed, the side member joining portion 24 of the gusset 20 is removed. It directly presses the vehicle width direction outer end of the cross member 26. At this time, since the side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 is pressed against the cross member 26 inward in the vehicle width direction and toward the vehicle rearward, the remaining load F of the small overlap frontal collision is: As indicated by arrows (vectors) in the figure, they are substantially evenly distributed in the vehicle width direction inner direction and in the vehicle rear direction.

Among them, the distributed load acting inward in the vehicle width direction is generated by the cross member 26 fixed to the side member 10 on the opposite side (right side) at the opposite end (right end not shown) in the vehicle width direction. Supported. That is, the cross member 26 receives the reaction force of the distributed load acting inward in the vehicle width direction together with the opposite side member 10. This prevents the side member 10 from bending inward in the vehicle width direction. On the other hand, the distributed load acting on the rear side of the vehicle can be supported by the rear high-rigidity portion 26 of the side member 10. As a result, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 6, a portion of the side member 10 on the vehicle front side of the rear high rigidity portion 26, specifically, a portion of the side member 10 on the vehicle rear side of the cross member coupling portion 11 is on the vehicle rear side. It collapses in the direction and the remaining energy of the small overlap frontal collision load is absorbed.

Along with this, the left end side in the figure of the cross member 26, that is, the load acting side portion is bent and deformed slightly toward the vehicle rear side, but the structure on the vehicle rear side including the cross member 26 is rearward of the vehicle. It does not move significantly. Further, as described above, since the side member 10 does not bend inward in the vehicle width direction, even if the motor is mounted in the lower right space of FIG. 6, the structure forming the vehicle body front structure is , It does not enter this space and therefore the motor does not come into contact with the structure. As described above, in the vehicle body front structure of the present embodiment, it is possible to protect the occupant in the vehicle interior from a small overlap frontal collision, and when the vehicle drive motor is mounted in front of the vehicle interior, It will not damage.

As described above, in the vehicle body front structure of this embodiment, when the load of the small overlap frontal collision is applied, the gusset 20 is moved rearward of the vehicle and inward in the vehicle width direction, whereby the side member coupling of the gusset 20 is performed. The portion 24 presses and crushes the cross member coupling portion 11 of the side member 10. The crushing of the side member 10 by the gusset 20 takes time, albeit a short time, and during that time, the gusset 20 is moved to the vehicle rear side at the same time as the vehicle width direction inner side. However, since the gusset 20 is connected to the side member 10 at a position slightly on the vehicle front side of the cross member 26 before the crushing of the side member 10, the gusset 20 is connected to the side member at the completion of the crushing. The portion 24 directly presses the cross member 26. At this time, since the side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 is pressed against the cross member 26 in the vehicle rearward direction and inward in the vehicle width direction, the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision is applied to the vehicle rearward side and the vehicle side. It is distributed substantially evenly in the width direction.

Among them, the cross member 26 supports the dispersed load acting on the inner side in the vehicle width direction, so that the side member 10 is prevented from being bent inward in the vehicle width direction. On the other hand, with respect to the distributed load acting on the rear side of the vehicle, the rear high-rigidity portion 18, which is the portion of the side member near the passenger compartment, has a large rigidity because the strut tower 28 and the like are configured, and therefore the rear high-rigidity portion 18 is far from the portion near the passenger compartment. The side member 10 crushes toward the vehicle rear side from the vehicle rear side of the member coupling portion 11 to absorb energy. Along with this, although the load acting side portion of the cross member 26 is slightly curved and deformed toward the vehicle rear side, the structure on the vehicle rear side of the cross member 26 including the cross member 26 does not significantly move to the vehicle rear side. Avoided. As a result, it is possible to prevent the structure constituting the vehicle body front structure from coming into contact with the mounted object in front of the vehicle compartment.

Also, the side member coupling portion 24 of the gusset 20 is made of a high-rigidity member having substantially no deformation rigidity against the load at the time of a frontal collision, and the rigidity of the bumper beam coupling portion 22 of the gusset 20 is small. The rigidity was set so that it would be crushed by the load during a frontal collision. As a result, when the bumper beam connecting portion 22 existing on the vehicle front side and outside in the vehicle width direction of the side member connecting portion 24 begins to be crushed by the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision, the bumper beam connecting portion 22 is centered at a predetermined position in the vehicle plan view. As a result, the side member coupling portion 24 is rotated toward the vehicle rear side and the vehicle width direction inner side. In that state, the load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision further acts on the vehicle rearward direction, and as a result, the side member coupling portion 24 is moved rearward of the vehicle and inward in the vehicle width direction. As a result, the side member connecting portion 24 of the gusset 20 reliably crushes and crushes the cross member connecting portion of the side member 10, so that the side member connecting portion 24 of the gusset 20 directly presses against the cross member 10.

Further, in the gusset 20, for example, by stress analysis, the side member coupling portion 24 directly presses against the cross member 26 by the load of the small overlap frontal collision, and the load is applied to the vehicle front-rear direction rearward and the vehicle width direction inner direction. Since they are arranged at positions substantially evenly distributed in the vehicle, a large amount of movement of the structure toward the rear side of the vehicle at the time of a small overlap frontal collision is surely avoided, and as a result, a structure forming the vehicle body front structure is formed. It is possible to prevent the body from coming into contact with the load in front of the vehicle compartment.

Although the vehicle body front structure according to the embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention. .. For example, although the above-described embodiment is premised on the electric vehicle in which the motor is mounted on the vehicle rear side of the cross member 26, the vehicle body front structure of the present invention includes a hybrid vehicle in which a motor and an engine are mounted together, and a drive source. The same can be similarly applied to a conventional passenger vehicle equipped with only an engine.

10 Side Member 12 Bumper Beam 18 Rear High Rigidity Section 20 Gusset 22 Bumper Beam Coupling Section 24 Side Member Coupling Section 26 Cross Member B Barrier

Claims (3)

Side members that extend in the vehicle front-rear direction on both sides in the vehicle width direction,
A bumper beam spanning between the two side members at a vehicle front portion of the side member, and both end portions in the vehicle width direction of the side member extending outward of the side member in the vehicle width direction;
A connecting member for connecting each of the vehicle width direction both ends of the bumper beam and an outer side portion of the side member in the vehicle width direction, wherein the connecting portion to the bumper beam is the front of the vehicle with respect to the connecting portion to the side member. A gusset configured to be outside in the width direction,
In a vehicle body front structure having a gusset and a cross member that connects the two side members in the vicinity of a connecting portion between the gusset and the side member,
The position of the vehicle front end of the joint between the cross member and the side member is the same as the position of the vehicle rear end of the joint between the gusset and the side member in the vehicle front-rear direction, or on the vehicle rear side. Is set,
At least the rigidity of the side member connecting portion that is the connecting portion of the gusset to the side member is greater than the rigidity in the vicinity of the cross member connecting portion that includes the cross member connecting portion that is the connecting portion of the side member to the cross member. The front structure of the vehicle body is also characterized by being set larger. The gusset side member coupling portion is formed of a high-rigidity member having substantially no deformation rigidity against a load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 1, wherein is a rigidity that is crushed by a load when the small overlap frontal collision occurs. In the gusset, the side member coupling portion directly presses the cross member with a predetermined load at the time of a small overlap frontal collision, and the load is substantially evenly distributed in the vehicle front-rear direction rearward and the vehicle width direction inner direction. The vehicle body front structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vehicle front structure is arranged at a predetermined position.

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