JP2020097924A - Method for detecting water in fuel - Google Patents

Method for detecting water in fuel Download PDF

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JP2020097924A
JP2020097924A JP2019189317A JP2019189317A JP2020097924A JP 2020097924 A JP2020097924 A JP 2020097924A JP 2019189317 A JP2019189317 A JP 2019189317A JP 2019189317 A JP2019189317 A JP 2019189317A JP 2020097924 A JP2020097924 A JP 2020097924A
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combustion engine
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JP7449067B2 (en
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ツー シュバインスベルク アレクサンダー・シェンク
Schenck Zu Schweinsberg Alexander
ツー シュバインスベルク アレクサンダー・シェンク
クラウス・ヨース
Klaus Joos
マルクス・アムラー
Markus Amler
ミハエル・バウアー
Bauer Michael
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0223—Variable control of the intake valves only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0242—Variable control of the exhaust valves only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0227—Control aspects; Arrangement of sensors; Diagnostics; Actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/15—Digital data processing
    • F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2847—Water in oils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612—Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/063—Lift of the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
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Abstract

To provide a method for detecting water in fuel.SOLUTION: Fuel injection devices (2, 3) are configured to inject fuel into a combustion chamber (4) of an internal combustion engine (1). Water contained in the fuel affects an opening delay time and a closing delay time of the fuel injection devices due to the adhesive effect on the fuel injection devices. Based on the switching operation of the fuel injection devices, by detecting the opening delay time and/or the closing delay time, a value of the percentage of the water in the fuel is detected based on the viscosity of the fuel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、燃料中の水を検出する方法、および燃料−水混合物を内燃機関に噴射する方法に関する。さらに本発明は、この方法を実施するための制御装置および／または調整装置、ならびに制御装置および／または調整装置を備える内燃機関、特にオットーサイクル内燃機関に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for detecting water in fuel and a method for injecting a fuel-water mixture into an internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to a control device and/or a regulating device for carrying out the method, as well as an internal combustion engine, in particular an Otto-cycle internal combustion engine, which comprises the control device and/or the regulating device.

二酸化炭素排出の低減に対する要求が高まっていることにより、内燃機関は、燃料消費に関してますます最適化されている。しかしながら、公知の内燃機関は、ノッキング傾向および高い排ガス温度によって運転が制限されているので、負荷の高い作用点での消費に関して最適に運転することができない。ノッキング傾向を減少させ、排ガス温度を低下させるための可能な手段は、水の噴射である。通常、水噴射を可能にするためには別個の水噴射システムが設けられている。例えば、混合気冷却のために吸気管への水噴射を行う内燃機関用の水噴射システムが知られている。あるいは、高圧ポンプの手前で燃料に水を添加して、直接に水噴射を行うことも可能である。この場合、燃料−水エマルジョンが燃焼室内に直接に噴射される。 Due to the increasing demand for reduced carbon dioxide emissions, internal combustion engines are becoming more and more optimized for fuel consumption. However, known internal combustion engines cannot be operated optimally with regard to consumption at high load operating points, because their operation is limited by the tendency to knock and high exhaust gas temperatures. A possible means for reducing the knocking tendency and reducing the exhaust gas temperature is water injection. Usually, a separate water injection system is provided to enable water injection. For example, there is known a water injection system for an internal combustion engine that injects water into an intake pipe for cooling an air-fuel mixture. Alternatively, it is possible to directly add water to the fuel by adding water to the fuel before the high-pressure pump. In this case, the fuel-water emulsion is directly injected into the combustion chamber.

請求項１の特徴を有する、燃料中の水を検出するための本発明の方法は、燃料中に水が存在することが直接に燃料の噴射部で簡単に検出されることによって優れている。これは、本発明によれば、内燃機関の燃焼室または吸気領域に燃料を噴射するように構成された少なくとも１つの燃料噴射装置が設けられていることによって達成される。燃料に含まれる水は、燃料噴射装置の切換動作に基づいて検出される。以下では、燃料とは、水を含まない純粋な燃料と、純粋な燃料および水をそれぞれ液体の状態で含む燃料−水混合物との両方とみなされる。燃料の組成は燃料噴射装置の切換動作に決定的な影響を及ぼすので、燃料噴射装置の切換動作を検出することによって、組成を特に有利に推論することができる。燃料噴射装置の切換動作を検出するために、好ましくは燃料噴射装置の電気量が分析される。例えば、燃料噴射装置における電圧および／または電流を用いて切換動作を検出することができる。燃料に含まれる水が、燃料噴射装置の切換動作の変化に基づいて検出される場合には、特に有利である。このような変化は、例えば、開放および／または閉鎖時における燃料噴射装置の電気量の変化を分析することによって、特に容易に確認することができる。この場合、内燃機関の既に設けられている構成要素を用いて検出を行うことができ、センサなどの他の構成要素は必要不可欠ではない。 The method of the invention for detecting water in a fuel having the features of claim 1 is advantageous because the presence of water in the fuel is simply detected directly at the fuel injector. This is achieved according to the invention by providing at least one fuel injection device arranged to inject fuel into a combustion chamber or an intake region of an internal combustion engine. The water contained in the fuel is detected based on the switching operation of the fuel injection device. In the following, fuel is considered both as pure fuel without water and as fuel-water mixture containing pure fuel and water respectively in liquid form. Since the composition of the fuel has a decisive influence on the switching behavior of the fuel injector, the composition can be deduced particularly advantageously by detecting the switching behavior of the fuel injector. In order to detect the switching action of the fuel injector, the electrical quantity of the fuel injector is preferably analyzed. For example, the voltage and/or current in the fuel injector can be used to detect the switching operation. It is particularly advantageous if the water contained in the fuel is detected on the basis of changes in the switching action of the fuel injector. Such changes can be particularly easily identified, for example, by analyzing changes in the electrical quantity of the fuel injector during opening and/or closing. In this case, the detection can be carried out using already provided components of the internal combustion engine, and other components such as sensors are not essential.

本発明による方法により、燃料に含まれる水を特に簡単な方法で検出することができる。この場合、燃焼室内における低汚染の最適な燃焼に決定的な影響をおよぼす燃料の組成を噴射箇所で極めて正確に決定することができる。 The method according to the invention makes it possible to detect the water contained in the fuel in a particularly simple manner. In this case, the composition of the fuel, which has a decisive influence on the optimum combustion with low pollution in the combustion chamber, can be determined very accurately at the injection point.

引用形式請求項は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を内容とする。 The claim format claims cover preferred embodiments of the invention.

好ましくは、切換動作を検出するために、燃料噴射装置の開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間が特定のストローク時に検出される。開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間は、燃料噴射装置のフルストローク時に検出されることが特に好ましい。燃料噴射装置の部分ストローク、例えば５０％のストローク時に開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間を検出することも可能である。燃料中の水の割合が増加するにつれて、水は、燃料噴射装置、例えば、ニードル、または燃料噴射装置の下側および上側の当接面に対する接着効果を高めるので、これにより、開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間が増す。したがって、開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間を検出する場合には、逆の方法で、燃料に含まれる水が特に簡単に検出される。 Preferably, the opening and/or closing times of the fuel injector are detected at a particular stroke in order to detect the switching operation. It is particularly preferred that the opening duration and/or the closing duration are detected during the full stroke of the fuel injector. It is also possible to detect the opening duration and/or the closing duration during a partial stroke of the fuel injector, for example 50% of the stroke. As the proportion of water in the fuel increases, the water enhances the adhesive effect on the fuel injectors, for example the needles, or the lower and upper abutment surfaces of the fuel injectors, which results in an open duration and/or Or the closing time increases. Therefore, when detecting the opening time and/or the closing time, the water contained in the fuel is particularly easily detected in the opposite way.

特に有利には、切換動作を検出するために、燃料噴射装置の開放遅延時間および／または閉鎖遅延時間が検出される。開放遅延時間および閉鎖遅延時間は、燃料噴射装置の開閉信号が入力されてから、実際に機械的な開閉動作が開始されるまで、例えば燃料噴射装置のニードルの移動が開始されるまでに経過する時間とみなされる。上述のように、燃料に含まれる水は、主に、燃料噴射装置への粘着効果により、燃料噴射装置の開放遅延時間および閉鎖遅延時間に影響を及ぼす。したがって、開放遅延時間および／または閉鎖遅延時間を検出することにより、燃料に含まれる水を同様に極めて容易に推論することもできる。 Particularly preferably, the opening delay time and/or the closing delay time of the fuel injector are detected in order to detect the switching operation. The opening delay time and the closing delay time elapse after the opening/closing signal of the fuel injection device is input until the mechanical opening/closing operation is actually started, for example, the movement of the needle of the fuel injection device is started. Regarded as time. As described above, the water contained in the fuel affects the opening delay time and the closing delay time of the fuel injection device mainly due to the adhesive effect on the fuel injection device. Therefore, by detecting the opening delay time and/or the closing delay time, the water contained in the fuel can likewise be very easily inferred.

特に有利には、燃料噴射装置の切換動作に基づいて燃料の粘度が検出される。次いで、検出された燃料の粘度に基づいて、水が燃料に含まれているかどうかを検出することができる。燃料中の水の存在は燃料の粘度に特に重大な影響を及ぼし、さらに燃料の粘度は燃料噴射装置の切換動作に重大な影響を及ぼすので、粘度の検出は、燃料中の水を検出するための特に簡単で有利な方法を提供する。 Particularly preferably, the viscosity of the fuel is detected on the basis of the switching operation of the fuel injection device. Then, based on the detected fuel viscosity, it can be detected whether water is contained in the fuel. Since the presence of water in the fuel has a particularly significant effect on the viscosity of the fuel, which in turn has a significant effect on the switching behavior of the fuel injector, the viscosity detection is for detecting water in the fuel. A particularly simple and advantageous method of

特に好ましくは、燃料の粘度に基づいて燃料中の水の割合の値が検出される。すなわち、燃料の粘度を検出した後、燃料中の百分率で示す水の割合が決定される。このようにして、燃料噴射装置における燃料組成を特に正確に決定することができる。 Particularly preferably, the value of the proportion of water in the fuel is detected on the basis of the viscosity of the fuel. That is, after detecting the viscosity of the fuel, the percentage of water in the fuel is determined. In this way, the fuel composition in the fuel injector can be determined particularly accurately.

さらに、本発明は、内燃機関の少なくとも１つの燃焼室または少なくとも１つの吸気領域に燃料−水混合物を噴射するための方法を提供する。この場合、特に、燃料−水混合物を形成するために、燃焼室または吸気領域への燃料−水混合物の噴射が行われる前に、水が燃料に添加される。したがって、望ましい水噴射時点で燃料噴射装置によって直ちに水を噴射することもできる。燃料−水混合物中に存在する水は、本発明による方法によって検出される。 Furthermore, the invention provides a method for injecting a fuel-water mixture into at least one combustion chamber or at least one intake region of an internal combustion engine. In this case, in particular, water is added to the fuel before the injection of the fuel-water mixture into the combustion chamber or the intake region takes place, in order to form the fuel-water mixture. Therefore, it is also possible to inject water immediately by the fuel injection device at the desired time of water injection. The water present in the fuel-water mixture is detected by the method according to the invention.

燃料−水混合物中に存在する水の検出は、好ましくは、噴射装置特有に、特に燃焼室特有に、すなわち、それぞれの燃料噴射装置のために、もしくは内燃機関のそれぞれの燃焼室のために別々に行われる。すなわち、この方法は、複数回、それぞれの燃料噴射装置もしくはそれぞれの燃焼室のために個別に実施される。この方法は、例えば中央レールを介した複数の燃料噴射装置へ燃料の少なくとも部分的に非対称な供給が行われる場合、および水の主要な添加が一箇所で行われる場合には特に有利である。この場合、添加部から燃料噴射装置まで異なる長さの経路が設けられている。したがって、水の添加を開始した後、燃料−水混合物は異なる時点で異なる燃料噴射装置に到達する。燃料−水混合物中に存在する水の検出は、それぞれの燃料噴射装置もしくはそれぞれの燃焼室のために独立して行われるので、それぞれ個々の燃焼室について燃料組成を特に正確に決定することが可能である。 The detection of the water present in the fuel-water mixture is preferably injector-specific, in particular combustion-chamber-specific, i.e. for each fuel injector or for each combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. To be done. That is, the method is performed multiple times individually for each fuel injector or each combustion chamber. This method is particularly advantageous, for example, when at least partially asymmetric supply of fuel is provided to a plurality of fuel injectors via the central rail and when the main addition of water is made in one place. In this case, paths of different lengths are provided from the addition section to the fuel injection device. Thus, after initiating the addition of water, the fuel-water mixture reaches different fuel injectors at different times. Since the detection of the water present in the fuel-water mixture is carried out independently for each fuel injector or each combustion chamber, it is possible to determine the fuel composition for each individual combustion chamber particularly accurately. Is.

添加時点およびスイッチオン継続時間が検出されると特に有利である。添加時点は、燃料への水の添加が開始される時点である。スイッチオン継続時間は、添加時点から、燃料−水混合物が燃料噴射装置に供給されている水利用可能時点までに経過する時間である。付加的または代替的に、スイッチオフ時点およびスイッチオフ継続時間が同様に検出される。スイッチオフ時点では、燃料への水の添加はスイッチオフされる。この場合、スイッチオフ継続時間は、スイッチオフ時点と、スイッチオフ後に水を含まない燃料が燃料噴射装置に供給されている水なし時点との間の継続時間に対応する。さらに、付加的または代替的に、燃料噴射装置において燃料中に水が含まれるまでの添加所要時間が検出される。すなわち、水添加の開始および終了、ならびに水添加の有効所要時間を決定することができる。さらに、添加された水が燃料噴射装置に到達する実際の時点、または水がもはや燃料噴射装置に到達しなくなった実際の時点を決定することができる。これにより、それぞれ個々の燃料噴射装置における燃料組成を特に詳細にすることが可能になり、したがって、正確な水噴射が可能になる。 It is particularly advantageous if the point of addition and the switch-on duration are detected. The time of addition is the time when the addition of water to the fuel is started. The switch-on duration is the time that elapses from the point of addition to the point of water availability when the fuel-water mixture is being supplied to the fuel injector. Additionally or alternatively, the switch-off instant and the switch-off duration are likewise detected. At the time of switching off, the addition of water to the fuel is switched off. In this case, the switch-off duration corresponds to the duration between the time of the switch-off and the time of no water when fuel containing water is supplied to the fuel injection device after the switch-off. Further, additionally or alternatively, the time required for addition until water is contained in the fuel is detected in the fuel injection device. That is, the start and end of water addition and the effective duration of water addition can be determined. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the actual time at which the added water reaches the fuel injector, or the time at which the water no longer reaches the fuel injector. This allows the fuel composition in each individual fuel injector to be particularly detailed, thus enabling accurate water injection.

さらに、燃料中に水が存在することに基づいて、内燃機関のエンジン制御を適合させると有利である。好ましくは、燃料中の水が燃焼室特有に検出される場合には、エンジン制御の燃焼室特有の適合も行われる。特に有利には、内燃機関の点火角、および／または吸気弁および／または排気弁の制御が適合される。エンジン制御を対応して適合することによって、内燃機関の特に高い効率を可能にすることができる。 Furthermore, it is advantageous to adapt the engine control of the internal combustion engine on the basis of the presence of water in the fuel. Preferably, engine-controlled combustion chamber-specific adaptations are also made if water in the fuel is detected in the combustion chamber-specific manner. Particularly preferably, the ignition angle of the internal combustion engine and/or the control of the intake and/or exhaust valves are adapted. By correspondingly adapting the engine control, a particularly high efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be enabled.

さらに、本発明は、本発明による方法を実施するように構成された制御装置および／または調整装置に関する。 Furthermore, the invention relates to a control device and/or a regulation device arranged to carry out the method according to the invention.

好ましくは、制御装置および／または調整装置は、燃料−水混合物中に水が存在することに基づいて、エンジン制御、特に内燃機関の点火角、および／または吸気弁および／または排気弁の制御および／または燃料に添加される水量を適合するように構成されている。このように、内燃機関のエンジン制御は、必要に応じて、および燃料組成に応じて、内燃機関の最も効率的な運転を保証するために最適に適合させることができる。 Preferably, the control device and/or the regulating device is based on the presence of water in the fuel-water mixture, based on the engine control, in particular the ignition angle of the internal combustion engine and/or the control of the intake and/or exhaust valves. And/or adapted to accommodate the amount of water added to the fuel. In this way, the engine control of the internal combustion engine can be optimally adapted to ensure the most efficient operation of the internal combustion engine, as required and depending on the fuel composition.

さらに、本発明は、制御装置および／または調整装置を含む内燃機関に関する。内燃機関は、オットーサイクル式内燃機関であることが好ましい。 Furthermore, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine including a control device and/or a regulation device. The internal combustion engine is preferably an Otto cycle type internal combustion engine.

次に図面に関連した実施形態に基づいて本発明を説明する。図において、機能的に同じ構成要素にはそれぞれ同じ符号を付す。 The present invention will now be described based on an embodiment associated with the drawings. In the figure, functionally the same components are assigned the same reference numerals.

本発明の好ましい実施形態による方法を実施するための調整装置を有する内燃機関の簡略化された概略図である。1 is a simplified schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine with a regulating device for carrying out the method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 燃料噴射装置の閉鎖所要時間と燃料の粘度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the closing time of a fuel injection device, and the relationship between the viscosity of fuel. 燃料噴射装置の開放遅延時間と燃料の粘度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the opening delay time of a fuel-injection apparatus, and the viscosity of fuel. 燃料の水の割合と燃料の粘度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the ratio of water of fuel, and the viscosity of fuel. 図１に示す内燃機関の２つの燃料噴射装置の閉鎖所要時間の比較を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a comparison of required closing times of two fuel injection devices of the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1.

図１は、本発明の好ましい実施形態による、燃料に含まれる水を検出する方法を実施するように構成された調整装置１１を有する内燃機関１を示す。 FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 having a regulating device 11 arranged to carry out a method for detecting water contained in a fuel, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

内燃機関１は、内燃機関１のそれぞれの燃焼室４に燃料を噴射するように構成された第１の燃料噴射装置２と第２の燃料噴射装置３とを備える。 The internal combustion engine 1 includes a first fuel injection device 2 and a second fuel injection device 3 configured to inject fuel into respective combustion chambers 4 of the internal combustion engine 1.

燃焼室４内には、水を含まない燃料または燃料−水混合物の形態の燃料をそれぞれ噴射することができる。燃料は、レール５を介して２つの燃料噴射装置２，３に供給される。レール５への燃料の供給は高圧ポンプ６によって行われる。高圧ポンプ６は、供給管路７を介して、水を含まない燃料を収容する燃料タンク８に接続されている。 A fuel without water or a fuel in the form of a fuel-water mixture can be injected into the combustion chamber 4, respectively. The fuel is supplied to the two fuel injectors 2 and 3 via the rail 5. Fuel is supplied to the rail 5 by a high pressure pump 6. The high-pressure pump 6 is connected via a supply line 7 to a fuel tank 8 containing a fuel containing no water.

供給管路７は添加部１５を有し、添加部１５では、燃料−水混合物を形成するために水を含まない燃料に水を添加することが可能である。このために、水ポンプ９によって水タンク１０から水を取り出し、添加部１５で、水を含まない燃料にこの水を添加することができる。添加部１５には、水と水を含まない燃料の両方が液体の状態で提供されている。 The supply line 7 has an addition part 15 in which it is possible to add water to the fuel which does not contain water in order to form a fuel-water mixture. For this purpose, water can be taken out of the water tank 10 by the water pump 9, and the water can be added to the fuel containing no water in the addition section 15. Both the water and the fuel containing no water are provided to the addition unit 15 in a liquid state.

水の添加の調整、したがって燃料中の水の割合の調整は、調整装置１１によって行われる。調整装置１１は内燃機関１の制御器である。調整装置１１は、高圧ポンプ６、ウォーターポンプ９、第１の燃料噴射装置２および第２の燃料噴射装置３を調整するように構成されている。さらに、調整装置１１によってエンジン制御部の調整が行われる。調整は、内燃機関１の噴射領域における燃料の水の割合の検出値に基づいて、すなわち、第１の燃料噴射装置２および第２の燃料噴射装置３における燃料の水の割合に基づいて行われる。 The adjustment of the addition of water, and thus the proportion of water in the fuel, is carried out by the adjusting device 11. The adjusting device 11 is a controller of the internal combustion engine 1. The adjusting device 11 is configured to adjust the high pressure pump 6, the water pump 9, the first fuel injection device 2, and the second fuel injection device 3. Further, the adjusting device 11 adjusts the engine control unit. The adjustment is performed based on the detected value of the ratio of fuel water in the injection region of the internal combustion engine 1, that is, based on the ratio of fuel water in the first fuel injection device 2 and the second fuel injection device 3. ..

燃料の水含有量を検出するために、調整装置１１は、第１の燃料噴射装置２と第２の燃料噴射装置３との切換動作を検出するように構成されている。これは、第１の燃料噴射装置２および第２の燃料噴射装置３にそれぞれ印加されている電流および電圧の分析によって行われる。電流および電圧から、調整装置１１は、それぞれ、２つの燃料噴射装置２，３の開放所要時間、閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２、開放遅延時間Ｔ１Ｖおよび閉鎖遅延時間を検出する。検出されたこれらの大きさから、すなわち、燃料噴射装置２，３の切換動作に基づいて、調整装置１１は続いて燃料の粘度を検出する。検出決定された粘度に基づいて、燃料の水の割合の値がさらに決定される。 In order to detect the water content of the fuel, the adjusting device 11 is configured to detect the switching operation between the first fuel injection device 2 and the second fuel injection device 3. This is done by analyzing the current and voltage applied to the first fuel injector 2 and the second fuel injector 3, respectively. From the current and the voltage, the adjusting device 11 detects the required opening time, the required closing time T2, the opening delay time T1V and the closing delay time of the two fuel injectors 2 and 3, respectively. The adjusting device 11 subsequently detects the viscosity of the fuel from the detected values, that is, based on the switching operation of the fuel injection devices 2 and 3. Based on the detected and determined viscosity, the value of the fuel water ratio is further determined.

燃料噴射装置２，３の切換動作と噴射すべき燃料の水含有量との間のより正確な関係を、図２〜図４を参照してより詳細に説明する。説明を簡単にするために、例として第１の燃料噴射装置２に関してのみ説明する。 A more precise relationship between the switching action of the fuel injectors 2, 3 and the water content of the fuel to be injected will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. To simplify the description, only the first fuel injection device 2 will be described as an example.

図２は、第１の燃料噴射装置２の閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２を燃料の粘度Ｖの関数として示している。図２から分かるように、閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２は、粘度Ｖの増大に伴って増大する。閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２は、第１の燃料噴射装置２のフルストローク時に完全に閉鎖するまでに必要な時間として定義されている。 FIG. 2 shows the closing time T2 of the first fuel injection device 2 as a function of the viscosity V of the fuel. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the required closing time T2 increases as the viscosity V increases. The required closing time T2 is defined as the time required to completely close the first fuel injection device 2 during a full stroke.

図３は、第１の燃料噴射装置２の開放遅延時間Ｔ１Ｖを燃料の粘度Ｖの関数として示している。図２に示した閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２と同様に、開放遅延時間Ｔ１Ｖは、粘度Ｖの増大に伴って増大する。この場合、開放遅延時間は、第１の燃料噴射装置を開放するための信号が入力されてから、第１の燃料噴射装置２の機械的な開放プロセスが実際に開始されるまでの時間である。 FIG. 3 shows the opening delay time T1V of the first fuel injection device 2 as a function of the viscosity V of the fuel. Similar to the required closing time T2 shown in FIG. 2, the opening delay time T1V increases as the viscosity V increases. In this case, the opening delay time is the time from the input of the signal for opening the first fuel injection device to the actual start of the mechanical opening process of the first fuel injection device 2. ..

図４は、燃料の粘度Ｖと燃料の百分率で示す水の割合Ｗとの関係を示している。図４から分かるように、粘度Ｖは、水の割合Ｗが増加するにつれて増す。すなわち、燃料に含まれる水の量が多いほど燃料の粘度が高くなる。図２および図３を参照すると、燃料中の水の割合Ｗが増加すると、閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２が増大し、開放遅延時間Ｔ１Ｖも増すことになる。 FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the fuel viscosity V and the water proportion W expressed as a percentage of the fuel. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the viscosity V increases as the proportion W of water increases. That is, the viscosity of the fuel increases as the amount of water contained in the fuel increases. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, when the proportion W of water in the fuel increases, the closing required time T2 increases and the opening delay time T1V also increases.

さらに、図１から分かるように、第１の燃料噴射装置２と第２の燃料噴射装置３とは、レール５内の燃料の流入方向２０に対して並んで配置されている。したがって、添加部１５と２つの燃料噴射装置２，３との間には異なる長さの経路が設けられている。添加部１５から第１の燃料噴射装置２までの第１の経路長Ｌ２は、第２の燃料噴射装置３までの第２の経路長Ｌ３よりも短い。したがって、例えば、燃料に水の添加を開始した後、水は、異なる時点で２つの燃料噴射装置２、３に到達する。図５を参照してこの状況をより詳細に説明する。 Further, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the first fuel injection device 2 and the second fuel injection device 3 are arranged side by side in the fuel inflow direction 20 in the rail 5. Therefore, paths having different lengths are provided between the addition unit 15 and the two fuel injection devices 2 and 3. The first path length L2 from the addition unit 15 to the first fuel injection device 2 is shorter than the second path length L3 to the second fuel injection device 3. Thus, for example, after starting the addition of water to the fuel, the water reaches the two fuel injectors 2, 3 at different times. This situation will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

図５は、図１の内燃機関１の第１の燃料噴射装置２および第２の燃料噴射装置３の閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２２，Ｔ２３の比較を示す。この場合、第１の燃料噴射装置２の第１の閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２２が上方に示されており、第２の燃料噴射装置３の第２の閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２３が下方に、それぞれ時間Ｔに関して示されている。 FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the required closing times T22 and T23 of the first fuel injection device 2 and the second fuel injection device 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 of FIG. In this case, the first closing time T22 of the first fuel injection device 2 is shown above and the second closing time T23 of the second fuel injection device 3 is shown below, respectively with respect to time T. Has been done.

添加時点Ａから、燃料への水の添加が添加部１５で行われる（図１参照）。第１のスイッチオン継続時間ＴＥ２の経過後、水は、第１の水利用可能時点Ｂ２で第１の燃料噴射装置２に到達している。このことは上述のように第１の燃料噴射装置２の切換動作に基づいて検出される。図２および図４に関連して説明した燃料組成に対する閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２の依存性に基づいて、閉鎖所要時間Ｔ２２、Ｔ２３は、水が燃料噴射装置２，３に到達するとすぐに増加する。第１の経路長Ｌ２に比べて第２の経路長Ｌ３が長いことにより、第２のスイッチオン継続時間ＴＥ３の後に、水は、第２の水利用可能時点Ｂ３で第２の燃料噴射装置３に到達し、第２のスイッチオン継続時間ＴＥ３は第１のスイッチオン時間ＴＥ２よりも長くなる。 From the time of addition A, the addition of water to the fuel is performed in the addition unit 15 (see FIG. 1). After the elapse of the first switch-on duration TE2, the water has reached the first fuel injection device 2 at the first water available time B2. This is detected based on the switching operation of the first fuel injection device 2 as described above. Due to the dependence of the closing time T2 on the fuel composition described in connection with FIGS. 2 and 4, the closing times T22, T23 increase as soon as the water reaches the fuel injectors 2, 3. Since the second path length L3 is longer than the first path length L2, after the second switch-on duration TE3, the water is the second fuel injector 3 at the second water availability time B3. And the second switch-on duration TE3 becomes longer than the first switch-on time TE2.

図５にも示されているように、スイッチオフ時点Ｃにおいて、添加部１５における燃料への水の添加がスイッチオフされる。水の添加が開始された場合のスイッチオン継続時間ＴＥ２，ＴＥ３と同様に、スイッチオフ時点Ｃから、水を含まない燃料が燃料噴射装置２，３に供給されている水なし時点Ｄ２，Ｄ３までの第１のスイッチオフ継続時間ＴＡ２および第２のスイッチオフ継続時間ＴＡ３が定義されている。この場合、第２のスイッチオフ継続時間ＴＡ３は、第２の経路長Ｌ３がより長いことにより、第１のスイッチオフ継続時間ＴＡ２よりも長い。 As shown in FIG. 5, at the switch-off time point C, the addition of water to the fuel in the addition section 15 is switched off. Similar to the switch-on durations TE2 and TE3 when the addition of water is started, from the switch-off time point C to the water-free time points D2 and D3 when fuel containing no water is supplied to the fuel injection devices 2 and 3. A first switch-off duration TA2 and a second switch-off duration TA3 are defined. In this case, the second switch-off duration TA3 is longer than the first switch-off duration TA2 because the second path length L3 is longer.

水なし時点Ｄ２、Ｄ３と水利用可能時点Ｂ２，Ｂ３との差から、水を燃料噴射装置２，３に供給する添加所要時間ＴＺ２，ＴＺ３がそれぞれ生じる。 The required addition times TZ2 and TZ3 for supplying water to the fuel injection devices 2 and 3 are respectively generated from the difference between the waterless time points D2 and D3 and the water available time points B2 and B3.

燃料中の水の割合Ｗと、燃料に水が含まれる正確な時点とを知ることによって、内燃機関の最も効率的な運転を達成するために、噴射装置に特有もしくは燃焼室特有にエンジン制御の最適な適合が行われる。さらに、検出された時点に基づいて、水によって引き起こされる開放遅延時間Ｔ１Ｖおよび／または閉鎖遅延時間の増加を補償するために、調整装置１１によって対応する調整を行うことができる。同様に、この調整によって、スイッチオン継続時間ＴＥ２，ＴＥ３および／またはスイッチオフ継続時間ＴＡ２，ＴＡ３を補正することができる。特に、添加所要時間ＴＺ２およびＴＺ３は、内燃機関１のそれぞれの燃料噴射装置２，３についてできるだけ長くなるように、最大限に調整することもできる。 By knowing the proportion W of water in the fuel and the exact time at which the fuel contains water, engine control, either injector-specific or combustion chamber-specific, is achieved in order to achieve the most efficient operation of the internal combustion engine. The best fit is made. Furthermore, based on the detected time points, a corresponding adjustment can be made by the adjusting device 11 in order to compensate for the increase in the opening delay time T1V and/or the closing delay time caused by the water. Similarly, this adjustment makes it possible to correct the switch-on durations TE2, TE3 and/or the switch-off durations TA2, TA3. In particular, the required addition times TZ2 and TZ3 can be adjusted to the maximum so that the respective fuel injection devices 2 and 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 are made as long as possible.

１ 内燃機関
２ 第１の燃料噴射装置
３ 第２の燃料噴射装置
４ 燃焼室
５ レール
６ 高圧ポンプ
７ 供給管路
８ 燃料タンク
９ 水ポンプ
１０ 水タンク
１１ 調整装置
１５ 添加部
２０ 流入方向
Ａ 添加時点
Ｂ２，Ｂ３ 水利用可能時点
Ｃ スイッチオフ時点
Ｄ２，Ｄ３ 水なし時点
Ｌ２ 第１の経路長
Ｌ３ 第２の経路長
Ｔ１Ｖ 開放遅延時間
Ｔ２ 閉鎖所要時間
Ｔ２２，Ｔ２３ 閉鎖所要時間
ＴＡ２，ＴＡ３ スイッチオフ継続時間
ＴＥ２，ＴＥ３ スイッチオン継続時間
ＴＺ２，ＴＺ３ 添加所要時間
Ｖ 粘度
Ｗ 割合 1 Internal Combustion Engine 2 1st Fuel Injection Device 3 2nd Fuel Injection Device 4 Combustion Chamber 5 Rail 6 High Pressure Pump 7 Supply Pipeline 8 Fuel Tank 9 Water Pump 10 Water Tank 11 Adjusting Device 15 Addition Part 20 Inflow Direction A Addition Time B2, B3 Water available time C Switch off time D2, D3 No water time L2 First path length L3 Second path length T1V Open delay time T2 Closing time T22, T23 Closing time TA2, TA3 Switch off duration time TE2, TE3 Switch-on duration TZ2, TZ3 Required time for addition V Viscosity W ratio

Claims (12)

燃料中の水を検出する方法において、
内燃機関（１）の燃焼室（４）および／または吸気領域に燃料を噴射するように少なくとも１つの燃料噴射装置（２，３）を構成し、燃料噴射装置（２，３）の切換動作に基づいて燃料に含まれる水を検出する方法。 In the method of detecting water in fuel,
At least one fuel injection device (2, 3) is configured to inject fuel into a combustion chamber (4) and/or an intake region of an internal combustion engine (1), and a switching operation of the fuel injection device (2, 3) is performed. To detect water contained in fuel based on. 請求項１に記載の方法において、
前記切換動作を検出するために、前記燃料噴射装置（２，３）のストロークに依存して、特にフルストローク時に、燃料噴射装置（２，３）の開放所要時間および／または閉鎖所要時間（Ｔ２）を検出する方法。 The method of claim 1, wherein
In order to detect the switching action, depending on the stroke of the fuel injector (2, 3), especially during full stroke, the required opening time and/or closing time (T2) of the fuel injector (2, 3). ) How to detect. 請求項１または２に記載の方法において、
前記切換動作を検出するために、前記燃料噴射装置（２，３）の開放遅延時間（Ｔ１Ｖ）および／または閉鎖遅延時間を検出する方法。 The method according to claim 1 or 2,
A method of detecting an opening delay time (T1V) and/or a closing delay time of the fuel injection device (2, 3) in order to detect the switching operation. 請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、
前記燃料噴射装置（２，３）の前記切換動作に基づいて、噴射しようとする燃料の粘度（Ｖ）を検出し、燃料の粘度（Ｖ）に基づいて、水が燃料に含まれているかどうかを検出する方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The viscosity (V) of the fuel to be injected is detected based on the switching operation of the fuel injection device (2, 3), and whether or not water is contained in the fuel is detected based on the viscosity (V) of the fuel. How to detect. 請求項４に記載の方法において、
燃料の前記粘度（Ｖ）に基づいて、燃料中の水の割合（Ｗ）の値を検出する方法。 The method of claim 4, wherein
A method of detecting the value of the ratio (W) of water in the fuel based on the viscosity (V) of the fuel. 内燃機関（１）の少なくとも１つの燃焼室（４）および／または少なくとも１つの吸気領域に燃料−水混合物を噴射する方法において、
燃料−水混合物を形成するために、燃料に水を添加し、請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって燃料−水混合物中に存在する水を検出する方法。 In a method for injecting a fuel-water mixture into at least one combustion chamber (4) and/or at least one intake region of an internal combustion engine (1),
A method of adding water to a fuel to form a fuel-water mixture and detecting the water present in the fuel-water mixture by the method of any one of claims 1-5. 請求項６に記載の方法において、
燃料−水混合物中に存在する水の検出を、内燃機関（１）のそれぞれの燃料噴射装置（２，３）のために別々に行う方法。 The method of claim 6, wherein
A method in which the detection of the water present in the fuel-water mixture is carried out separately for each fuel injector (2, 3) of the internal combustion engine (1). 請求項６または７に記載の方法において、
燃料への水の添加を開始する添加時点（Ａ）と、添加時点（Ａ）から、燃料−水混合物が燃料噴射装置（２，３）に供給されている水利用可能時点までのスイッチオン継続時間（ＴＥ）とを検出し、および／または、
燃料への水の添加がスイッチオフされるスイッチオフ時点（Ｃ）と、スイッチオフ時点（Ｃ）から、水を含まない燃料が燃料噴射装置（２，３）に供給されている水なし時点（Ｄ）までのスイッチオフ継続時間（ＴＡ）とを検出し、および／または
燃料噴射装置（２，３）において燃料中に水が含まれるまでの添加所要時間（ＴＺ）を検出する方法。 The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein
Addition time (A) at which the addition of water to the fuel is started, and continuation of switch-on from the addition time (A) to the time when water is available when the fuel-water mixture is being supplied to the fuel injectors (2, 3). Time (TE) and/or
From the switch-off time (C) when the addition of water to the fuel is switched off, and from the switch-off time (C), the water-free fuel is being supplied to the fuel injectors (2, 3). The switch-off duration (TA) up to D) and/or the addition required time (TZ) until water is contained in the fuel in the fuel injection device (2, 3) are detected. 請求項６〜８のいずれか一項に記載の方法において、
燃料中に水が存在することに基づいて、エンジン制御、特に内燃機関（１）の点火角、および／または吸気弁および／または排気弁の制御を適合する方法。 The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
A method of adapting engine control, in particular ignition angle of the internal combustion engine (1), and/or control of intake and/or exhaust valves, based on the presence of water in the fuel. 請求項６〜９のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実施するように構成された制御装置および／または調整装置（１１）。 A control device and/or a regulating device (11) configured to carry out the method according to any one of claims 6-9. 請求項１０に記載の制御装置および／または調整装置（１１）において、
燃料−水混合物中に水が存在することに基づいて、エンジン制御、特に内燃機関（１）の点火角、および／または吸気弁および／または排気弁の制御、および／または燃料に添加される水量を適合するように構成されている制御装置および／または調整装置（１１）。 Control device and/or adjusting device (11) according to claim 10,
Engine control, in particular ignition angle of internal combustion engine (1), and/or intake and/or exhaust valve control, and/or the amount of water added to the fuel, based on the presence of water in the fuel-water mixture A control device and/or a regulating device (11) adapted to adapt. 請求項１０または１１に記載の制御装置および／または調整装置（１１）を含む内燃機関（１）。 Internal combustion engine (1) comprising a control device and/or a regulating device (11) according to claim 10 or 11.
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