JP2020093969A - Modified chaff charcoal, method for producing the same, and adsorbent including modified chaff charcoal - Google Patents

Modified chaff charcoal, method for producing the same, and adsorbent including modified chaff charcoal Download PDF

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JP2020093969A
JP2020093969A JP2019045077A JP2019045077A JP2020093969A JP 2020093969 A JP2020093969 A JP 2020093969A JP 2019045077 A JP2019045077 A JP 2019045077A JP 2019045077 A JP2019045077 A JP 2019045077A JP 2020093969 A JP2020093969 A JP 2020093969A
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rice husk
husk charcoal
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野浪 亨
Toru Nonami
野浪  亨
浩史 柴田
Hiroshi Shibata
浩史 柴田
亮樹 小柳
Katsuki Koyanagi
亮樹 小柳
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Umemura Educational Institutions
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Abstract

To provide an adsorbent excellent in adsorption of inorganic ions: i.e. at least one of, preferably both of, cesium ions and strontium ions.SOLUTION: A modified chaff charcoal has a specific surface by BET method of 20 m/g or less, and has a chaff charcoal pH of 7.0 or more as measured by JISK1474, and includes an acidic functional group. There is also provided an adsorbent containing the modified chaff charcoal.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、改質籾殻炭、その製造方法および当該改質籾殻炭を用いた吸着剤に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a modified rice husk charcoal, a method for producing the same, and an adsorbent using the modified rice husk charcoal.

日本国内だけにおいても年に約800万トンのイネが収穫されるが、その約20重量%は籾殻となり、その大部分は廃棄される。したがって、このような大量に発生する籾殻の有効活用は大きな課題である。 About 8 million tons of rice are harvested annually in Japan alone, but about 20% by weight of the rice is husk, and most of it is discarded. Therefore, effective utilization of such a large amount of rice husks is a big problem.

近年の研究により、籾殻や籾殻炭はセシウムまたはストロンチウムに対する吸着性能を有することがわかっている(特許文献1および非特許文献1)。 Recent studies have revealed that rice husk and rice husk charcoal have an adsorption performance for cesium or strontium (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).

特開2013−221830号公報JP, 2013-221830, A

小豆川勝見、野川憲夫、松尾基之、もみ殻等を用いる環境水中の放射性セシウムの除染、分析化学、Vol.62,No.6,pp547-554,(2013)Katsumi Shodogawa, Norio Nogawa, Motoyuki Matsuo, decontamination of radioactive cesium in environmental water using chaff, analytical chemistry, Vol.62, No.6, pp547-554, (2013)

しかしながら、籾殻炭がセシウムイオンまたはストロンチウムイオンを吸着するメカニズムは十分に解明されておらず、籾殻炭を用いた吸着剤の吸着性能は満足できるレベルにない。籾殻炭を用いた吸着剤の吸着性能の検討は工業的にも学術的にも興味深い。 However, the mechanism by which rice husk charcoal adsorbs cesium ions or strontium ions has not been sufficiently clarified, and the adsorption performance of an adsorbent using rice husk charcoal is not at a satisfactory level. It is industrially and academically interesting to study the adsorption performance of an adsorbent using rice husk charcoal.

本発明者らは、このような現状に鑑み、吸着性能を向上させる材料を探索すべく研究を行って、本発明を成すに至った。 In view of such a current situation, the present inventors have conducted research to find a material that improves adsorption performance, and have completed the present invention.

本発明の一実施形態は次のとおりである。
[項1]
BET法による比表面積が20m/g以下であり、
JISK1474に従い測定した、pHが7.0以上であり、かつ、
酸性官能基を有する、
改質籾殻炭。
[項2]
酸性官能基はカルボキシル基および芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、項1に記載の籾殻炭。
[項3]
1〜6個の炭素原子を隔てて存在する2個の酸性官能基を含む、項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の籾殻炭。
[項4]
酸性官能基がカルボキシル基と芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基とから形成されるエステル構造由来、または酸無水物構造由来である酸性官能基を含む、項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の籾殻炭。
[項5]
BET法による比表面積が10m/g以下である、
項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭。
[項6]
イネ科イネ属植物由来である、項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭。
[項7]
籾殻を炭化処理して籾殻炭を得る炭化工程、および
籾殻炭を塩基処理する塩基処理工程
を含む、BET法による比表面積が20m/g以下である改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
[項8]
炭化工程における炭化温度は550℃以下である、項7に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
[項9]
炭化工程における炭化時間は5時間以下である、項7または8に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
[項10]
塩基処理工程において、無機塩基水溶液による塩基処理を行う、項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
[項11]
塩基処理工程において、塩基処理を室温下で行う、項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
[項12]
項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法により得られる、改質籾殻炭。
[項13]
項1〜6および項12のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭を含む、吸着剤。
[項14]
セシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンを吸着するための、項13に記載の吸着剤。
[項15]
項13または14に記載の吸着剤を有する吸着装置。
[項16]
項13または14に記載の吸着剤を用いてセシウムイオンまたはストロンチウムイオンを吸着する吸着方法。
One embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
[Item 1]
The specific surface area by the BET method is 20 m 2 /g or less,
The pH measured according to JIS K1474 is 7.0 or higher, and
Has an acidic functional group,
Modified rice husk charcoal.
[Item 2]
Item 2. The rice husk charcoal according to Item 1, wherein the acidic functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton.
[Item 3]
The rice husk charcoal according to any one of Items 1 or 2, which comprises two acidic functional groups present with a gap of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[Item 4]
The acidic functional group contains an acidic functional group derived from an ester structure formed from a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton, or an acid anhydride structure, in any one of items 1 to 3. The listed rice husk charcoal.
[Item 5]
The specific surface area by the BET method is 10 m 2 /g or less,
Item 1. Modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of items 1 to 4.
[Item 6]
Item 6. The modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of Items 1 to 5, which is derived from a plant of the genus Poaceae.
[Item 7]
A method for producing a modified rice husk charcoal having a specific surface area of 20 m 2 /g or less by a BET method, which includes a carbonization step of carbonizing the rice husk to obtain a rice husk charcoal, and a base treatment step of subjecting the rice husk charcoal to a base treatment.
[Item 8]
Item 8. The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to Item 7, wherein the carbonization temperature in the carbonization step is 550°C or lower.
[Item 9]
Item 9. The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to Item 7 or 8, wherein the carbonization time in the carbonization step is 5 hours or less.
[Item 10]
Item 10. The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of Items 7 to 9, wherein a base treatment with an inorganic base aqueous solution is performed in the base treatment step.
[Item 11]
Item 10. The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of Items 7 to 10, wherein the base treatment is performed at room temperature in the base treatment step.
[Item 12]
Item 12. Modified rice husk charcoal obtained by the method according to any one of items 7 to 11.
[Item 13]
Item 13. An adsorbent containing the modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of items 1 to 6 and item 12.
[Item 14]
Item 14. The adsorbent according to item 13, which adsorbs cesium ions and strontium ions.
[Item 15]
An adsorption device comprising the adsorbent according to item 13 or 14.
[Item 16]
Item 15. An adsorption method for adsorbing cesium ions or strontium ions using the adsorbent according to item 13 or 14.

本発明によれば、無機イオンに対する吸着性能、例えば、セシウムイオンに対する吸着性能およびストロンチウムイオンに対する吸着性能の、少なくとも一方、好ましくは両方に優れた吸着剤を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an adsorbent having excellent adsorption performance for inorganic ions, for example, adsorption performance for cesium ions and adsorption performance for strontium ions, and preferably both.

実施例1および2における改質籾殻炭ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭の細孔容積を示す。The pore volume of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2 and the rice husk charcoal before the base treatment in Comparative Example 1 is shown. 実施例1および2における改質籾殻炭ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭の細孔比表面積を示す。1 shows the pore specific surface areas of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2 and the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Example 1 before the base treatment. 実施例1および2における改質籾殻炭ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭のFT−IRスペクトルを示す。1 shows the FT-IR spectra of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2 and the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Example 1 before the base treatment.

[改質籾殻炭]
本発明は、一の態様において
BET法による比表面積が20m/g以下であり、
JISK1474に従い測定した籾殻炭のpHが7.0以上であり、かつ、
酸性官能基を有する、改質籾殻炭を提供する。
[Reformed rice husk charcoal]
In one aspect of the present invention, the BET specific surface area is 20 m 2 /g or less,
The pH of the rice husk charcoal measured according to JIS K1474 is 7.0 or higher, and
Provided is modified rice husk charcoal having an acidic functional group.

本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭は、籾殻の少なくとも一部が炭化されて、一般的に籾殻炭として理解されるものであって、上記範囲の比表面積およびpHを有し、酸性官能基を有するように調整された籾殻炭であって、本発明が目的とする改質籾殻炭であれば、特に制限されることはない。 The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention is one in which at least a part of the rice husk is carbonized, and is generally understood as rice husk charcoal, which has a specific surface area and a pH within the above range and has an acidic functional content. There is no particular limitation as long as it is a modified rice hull coal prepared so as to have a group and is a modified rice hull coal intended by the present invention.

このような改質籾殻炭は、無機イオン、中でも陽イオン、特に金属イオンに対する吸着性能、例示的には、セシウムイオンに対する吸着性能およびストロンチウムイオンに対する吸着性能の、少なくとも一方、好ましくは両方に優れる。 Such modified rice husk charcoal is excellent in at least one, and preferably both, of the adsorption performance for inorganic ions, especially cations, particularly metal ions, for example, the adsorption performance for cesium ions and the adsorption performance for strontium ions.

このような改質籾殻炭の製造方法は、目的とする改質籾殻炭を得られる限り特に制限されることはないが、改質籾殻炭は、下記にて詳細に説明するが、籾殻を炭化工程に供して籾殻炭を得て、得られた籾殻炭を塩基処理工程に供することで得ることができる。 The method for producing such modified rice husk charcoal is not particularly limited as long as the targeted modified rice husk charcoal can be obtained, but the modified rice husk charcoal is described in detail below. It can be obtained by subjecting the rice husk charcoal to a step and subjecting the obtained rice husk charcoal to a base treatment step.

(原料の籾殻)
本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭の原料となる籾殻は、イネ科植物の籾殻であってよい。イネ科植物の例としては、イネ、コムギ、オオムギ、カラスムギ、ライムギ、ハトムギ、キビ、アワ、ヒエ、トウモロコシなどが挙げられる。入手容易性の観点などから、好ましくは、籾殻はイネ科イネ属植物の籾殻である。
(Raw rice husk)
The rice husk which is a raw material of the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may be rice husk of a grass family plant. Examples of grasses include rice, wheat, barley, oats, rye, pearl barley, millet, millet, millet, corn and the like. From the viewpoint of easy availability, the rice husk is preferably the rice husk of a plant of the genus Poaceae.

(比表面積)
本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭の比表面積は20m/g以下であり、15m/g以下であってよく、例えば10m/g以下であり、特に7.5m/g以下(例えば5.0m/g以下)である。また、本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭の比表面積は0.5m/g以上であってよく、例えば1.0m/g以上であり、特に1.5m/g以上(例えば2.0m/g以上)である。
(Specific surface area)
The specific surface area of the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention is 20 m 2 /g or less, and may be 15 m 2 /g or less, for example, 10 m 2 /g or less, and particularly 7.5 m 2 /g or less. (For example, 5.0 m 2 /g or less). Moreover, the specific surface area of the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may be 0.5 m 2 /g or more, for example, 1.0 m 2 /g or more, and particularly 1.5 m 2 /g or more (for example, 2.0 m 2 /g or more).

上記のように本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭の比表面積は従来の籾殻炭に比べてかなり低い。したがって、本件発明の改質籾殻炭を用いる吸着は従来とは異なるメカニズムによるものであることが示唆される。具体的には、従来の高比表面積の籾殻炭における吸着は主に物理吸着に基づくと推定されるが、本発明における低比表面積の籾殻炭における吸着は主に化学結合、イオン結合などの化学吸着に基づくと推定される。なお、比表面積はBET法を用いる公知の比表面積測定装置により求めることができる。 As described above, the specific surface area of the modified rice husk coal according to the embodiment of the present invention is considerably lower than that of the conventional rice husk coal. Therefore, it is suggested that the adsorption using the modified rice husk charcoal of the present invention is due to a mechanism different from the conventional one. Specifically, it is presumed that the adsorption on the conventional high specific surface area rice husk charcoal is mainly based on physical adsorption, but the adsorption on the low specific surface area rice husk charcoal in the present invention is mainly based on chemical bonds such as chemical bonds and ionic bonds. Presumed to be based on adsorption. The specific surface area can be determined by a known specific surface area measuring device using the BET method.

(改質籾殻炭のpH)
本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭のpHは7.0以上であってよく、例えば7.4以上であり、特に7.8以上(例えば8.0以上(8.1超))である。また、本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭のpHは12.0以下であってよく、例えば10.5以下であり、特に9.5以下(例えば8.5以下)である。塩基処理未処理の籾殻炭のpHは通常7未満(例えば6.4〜6.8)であるので塩基処理により籾殻炭のpHが増大する。なお、籾殻炭のpHとはJISK1474に従い測定したpHである。すなわち粉末試料1.00gに水100mLを加えて静かに沸騰が続くように5分間加熱し、その後室温まで冷却し、水を加えて100mLとし、攪拌後、得られた水懸濁液をpHメータにて測定して得られたpHである。
(PH of modified rice husk charcoal)
The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may have a pH of 7.0 or higher, for example, 7.4 or higher, and particularly 7.8 or higher (for example, 8.0 or higher (above 8.1)). is there. Further, the pH of the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may be 12.0 or less, for example, 10.5 or less, and particularly 9.5 or less (for example, 8.5 or less). Since the pH of untreated rice husk charcoal is usually less than 7 (for example, 6.4 to 6.8), the pH of the rice husk charcoal is increased by the base treatment. The pH of rice husk charcoal is the pH measured according to JIS K1474. That is, 100 mL of water was added to 1.00 g of a powder sample and gently heated for 5 minutes so that boiling continued, then cooled to room temperature, water was added to 100 mL, and after stirring, the obtained water suspension was mixed with a pH meter. It is the pH obtained by the measurement.

(酸性官能基)
本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭はその一部(特にその表面)に酸性官能基を有することができる。酸性官能基の例は、カルボキシル基、芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基(例えば、フェノール性ヒドロキシル基)、若しくはこれらの塩などが挙げられるが、目的とする改質籾殻炭が得られる限り限定されない。なお、本明細書において、酸性官能基とは陰イオンの状態、プロトンが乖離していない非イオンの状態および塩の状態を含むものである。
(Acidic functional group)
The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may have an acidic functional group on a part thereof (particularly on the surface thereof). Examples of the acidic functional group include a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton (for example, a phenolic hydroxyl group), or a salt thereof. However, as long as the target modified rice husk charcoal can be obtained. Not limited. In addition, in this specification, the acidic functional group includes an anionic state, a nonionic state in which protons are not dissociated, and a salt state.

本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭は、吸着性能の観点から、1〜6個、好ましくは2〜5個、好ましくは2〜4個の炭素原子を隔てて存在する2個の酸性官能基を有していてよい。例えば、2個のカルボキシル基が、2または3個の炭素原子を隔てて存在していてもよいし、カルボキシル基とフェノール性ヒドロキシル基が2または3個の炭素原子を隔てて存在していてもよい。 From the viewpoint of adsorption performance, the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention has two acidic functionalities present with 1 to 6, preferably 2 to 5, and preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms separated from each other. It may have a group. For example, two carboxyl groups may be present at 2 or 3 carbon atoms separated, or a carboxyl group and a phenolic hydroxyl group may be present at 2 or 3 carbon atoms separated. Good.

酸性官能基は、下記に説明する改質処理、すなわちアルカリ処理が行われる前の籾殻炭が有するエステル構造が加水分解されることにより形成される酸性官能基を含んでいてもよい。当該エステル構造は、環状エステルであってよい。当該環状エステルの環原子の数は、吸着性能の観点から、3〜8個であってよく、好ましくは4〜7個、より好ましくは5または6個である。 The acidic functional group may include an acidic functional group formed by hydrolyzing the ester structure of the rice husk charcoal before the modification treatment described below, that is, the alkali treatment. The ester structure may be a cyclic ester. The number of ring atoms of the cyclic ester may be 3 to 8, preferably 4 to 7, and more preferably 5 or 6 from the viewpoint of adsorption performance.

酸性官能基が芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基とカルボキシル基とから形成されるエステル構造由来または酸無水物構造由来であってよい。アルカリ処理前の籾殻炭は、芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基とカルボキシル基とから形成されるエステル構造(例えば環状エステル構造)または酸無水物構造を有していてよい。当該構造が加水分解されることにより、2つの酸性官能基(カルボキシル基およびフェノール性ヒドロキシル基、または2つの酸無水物)の両方を形成し得る点で有利である。芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基とカルボキシル基とから形成されるエステル構造、または酸無水物構造が加水分解されて得られる酸性官能基の存在により、アルカリ処理後である改質籾殻炭の陽イオン(特に、セシウムイオン、ストロンチウムイオン等)に対する吸着特性が向上し得る。 The acidic functional group may be derived from an ester structure or an acid anhydride structure formed from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton. The rice husk charcoal before alkali treatment may have an ester structure (for example, a cyclic ester structure) formed from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton or an acid anhydride structure. It is advantageous in that the structure can be hydrolyzed to form both two acidic functional groups (a carboxyl group and a phenolic hydroxyl group, or two acid anhydrides). Due to the presence of an ester structure formed from a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton, or an acidic functional group obtained by hydrolysis of an acid anhydride structure, the modified rice husk charcoal after alkali treatment is treated. Adsorption characteristics for cations (particularly, cesium ions, strontium ions, etc.) can be improved.

アルカリ処理前の籾殻炭が有する化学構造として、例えば、ビフェニル骨格の2位と2’位(例えば、フェナントレン骨格の4位と5位)がエステル結合または酸無水物結合を介して繋がった構造;ナフタレン骨格の1位と8位がエステル結合または酸無水物結合を介して繋がった結合;ベンゼン骨格の1位と2位がエステル結合または酸無水物結合を介して繋がった構造等が挙げられる。アルカリ処理後である改質籾殻炭が有する化学構造として、例えば、ビフェニル骨格の2位および2’位(フェナントレン骨格の4位と5位)の一方がヒドロキシル基により置換されてもう一方がカルボキシル基により置換された、もしくはその両方がカルボキシル基に置換された構造;ナフタレン骨格の1位と8位の一方がヒドロキシル基により置換されてもう一方がカルボキシル基により置換された、もしくはその両方がカルボキシル基に置換された構造;ベンゼン骨格の1位と2位の一方がヒドロキシル基により置換されてもう一方がカルボキシル基により置換された、もしくはその両方がカルボキシル基に置換された構造等が挙げられる。 The chemical structure of the rice husk charcoal before alkali treatment has, for example, a structure in which the 2-position and the 2′-position of the biphenyl skeleton (for example, the 4-position and the 5-position of the phenanthrene skeleton) are connected via an ester bond or an acid anhydride bond; Examples include a bond in which the 1-position and the 8-position of the naphthalene skeleton are connected via an ester bond or an acid anhydride bond; and a structure in which the 1-position and the 2-position of the benzene skeleton are connected via an ester bond or an acid anhydride bond. As the chemical structure of the modified rice husk charcoal after alkali treatment, for example, one of the 2-position and the 2′-position of the biphenyl skeleton (positions 4 and 5 of the phenanthrene skeleton) is substituted with a hydroxyl group and the other is a carboxyl group. Or a structure in which both are substituted with a carboxyl group; one of the 1-position and the 8-position of the naphthalene skeleton is substituted with a hydroxyl group and the other is substituted with a carboxyl group, or both are carboxyl groups A structure in which one of the 1-position and the 2-position of the benzene skeleton is substituted with a hydroxyl group and the other is substituted with a carboxyl group, or both are substituted with a carboxyl group.

改質籾殻炭が有する酸性官能基は、例えば、次式のような化学反応式により生成する。なお、次式における化学構造はあくまで籾殻炭を構成する分子の化学構造の一部を模式的に示すものである。波線は任意の構造が存在してよいことを意味する。

Figure 2020093969
The acidic functional group contained in the modified rice husk charcoal is generated by, for example, a chemical reaction formula such as the following formula. In addition, the chemical structure in the following formula is a schematic representation of a part of the chemical structure of the molecules constituting the rice husk charcoal. The wavy line means that any structure may be present.
Figure 2020093969

(酸性官能基の量)
官能基の量は公知の手法により測定でき、例えば酸塩基滴定法(Boehm法)、XPS、FT−IRなどが、用いられる。
(Amount of acidic functional groups)
The amount of the functional group can be measured by a known method, and for example, the acid-base titration method (Boehm method), XPS, FT-IR, etc. are used.

改質籾殻炭が有する官能基の量は1meq/g以上であってよく、例えば3meq/g以上である。また、改質籾殻炭が有する酸性官能基の量は20meq/g以下であってよく、例えば10meq/g以下である。 The amount of functional groups contained in the modified rice husk charcoal may be 1 meq/g or more, for example, 3 meq/g or more. The amount of the acidic functional group contained in the modified rice husk charcoal may be 20 meq/g or less, for example, 10 meq/g or less.

改質籾殻炭のFT−IR測定における、吸収3300cm−1近傍におけるピーク強度はアルカリ処理前に比べて1.5倍以上であってよく、例えば2.0倍以上である。また、FT−IR測定における吸収3300cm−1におけるピーク強度はアルカリ処理前に比べて10倍以下であってよく、例えば5倍以下、具体的には3倍以下である。ここで、ピーク強度とは、内部標準または外部標準により標準化されたピーク強度を意味する。 In the FT-IR measurement of the modified rice husk charcoal, the peak intensity in the vicinity of absorption of 3300 cm −1 may be 1.5 times or more as compared with that before the alkali treatment, for example, 2.0 times or more. Further, the peak intensity at an absorption of 3300 cm −1 in FT-IR measurement may be 10 times or less as compared with that before alkali treatment, for example, 5 times or less, specifically 3 times or less. Here, the peak intensity means a peak intensity standardized by an internal standard or an external standard.

改質籾殻炭のFT−IR測定における、吸収1700cm−1近傍におけるピーク強度はアルカリ処理前に比べて1.4倍以上であってよく、例えば1.8倍以上である。また、FT−IR測定における吸収3300cm−1におけるピーク強度はアルカリ処理前に比べて10倍以下であってよく、例えば5倍以下である。 In the FT-IR measurement of the modified rice husk charcoal, the peak intensity in the vicinity of absorption 1700 cm −1 may be 1.4 times or more as compared with that before the alkali treatment, for example, 1.8 times or more. Further, the peak intensity at an absorption of 3300 cm −1 in FT-IR measurement may be 10 times or less as compared with that before alkali treatment, for example, 5 times or less.

改質籾殻炭が有する酸性官能基のうち、カルボキシル基の量は、アルカリ処理前に比べて1.5倍以上であってよく、例えば2.0倍以上である。また、カルボキシル基の量は、アルカリ処理前に比べて10倍以下であってよく、例えば5倍以下であってよい。 Among the acidic functional groups contained in the modified rice husk charcoal, the amount of the carboxyl group may be 1.5 times or more as compared with that before the alkali treatment, for example, 2.0 times or more. Further, the amount of the carboxyl group may be 10 times or less, for example, 5 times or less as compared with that before the alkali treatment.

改質籾殻炭が有する酸性官能基のうち、芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基(例えば、フェノール性ヒドロキシル基)の量は、アルカリ処理前に比べて1.5倍以上であってよく、例えば2.0倍以上、好ましくは2.5倍以上である。また、カルボキシル基の量は、アルカリ処理前に比べて10倍以下であってよく、例えば5倍以下であってよい。 Of the acidic functional groups of the modified rice husk charcoal, the amount of hydroxyl groups (for example, phenolic hydroxyl groups) bonded to the aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton may be 1.5 times or more compared to that before alkali treatment, For example, it is 2.0 times or more, preferably 2.5 times or more. Further, the amount of the carboxyl group may be 10 times or less, for example, 5 times or less as compared with that before the alkali treatment.

[籾殻炭の製造方法]
本発明は他の態様において、改質籾殻炭の製造方法を提供し、それは
籾殻を炭化処理して籾殻炭を得る炭化工程、および
籾殻炭を塩基処理する塩基処理工程
を含み、得られる改質籾殻炭のBET法による比表面積が20m/g以下である。上述の改質籾殻はかかる方法で製造することができる。
[Method for producing rice husk charcoal]
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing modified rice husk charcoal, which comprises a carbonization step of carbonizing rice husk to obtain rice husk charcoal, and a base treatment step of subjecting the rice husk charcoal to a basic treatment to obtain the modified rice husk charcoal. The specific surface area of rice husk charcoal according to the BET method is 20 m 2 /g or less. The modified rice husk described above can be produced by such a method.

(炭化工程)
本発明の実施形態に係る製造方法は籾殻の炭化工程を有する。炭化工程において、加熱することにより、上述した籾殻を炭化して、籾殻炭を得る。目的とする籾殻炭を得られる限り、加熱方法、加熱装置などは特に限定されない。本明細書において「籾殻炭」とは、籾殻の少なくとも一部が炭化されている炭化物を意味する。
(Carbonization process)
The manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention has a carbonization process of a rice husk. In the carbonization step, the rice husk described above is carbonized by heating to obtain rice husk charcoal. The heating method, heating device, etc. are not particularly limited as long as the target rice husk charcoal can be obtained. In the present specification, “rice husk charcoal” means a carbide in which at least a part of the rice husk is carbonized.

炭化工程においては、例えば、耐熱容器内に籾殻を投入して、所定の雰囲気下、一定時間加熱する方法がとられる。耐熱容器は、金属製、セラミック製などであってよいが、限定されない。また、投入される籾殻は、所望に応じて粉砕して所望の粒度としてもよいし、更には、分級してもよい。また、投入される籾殻は予め洗浄および/または乾燥されていてもよい。 In the carbonization step, for example, a method is used in which rice husks are put in a heat-resistant container and heated in a predetermined atmosphere for a certain period of time. The heat-resistant container may be made of metal, ceramic, or the like, but is not limited thereto. The rice husks to be added may be crushed to have a desired particle size if desired, or may be further classified. In addition, the rice husk to be added may be washed and/or dried in advance.

炭化工程における雰囲気として、酸素を遮断した雰囲気を挙げることができ、具体的には、窒素ガスやアルゴンガスといった不活性ガス雰囲気、植物由来の材料を一種の蒸し焼き状態とする雰囲気、真空雰囲気、大気下密閉雰囲気などを挙げることができる。例えば、大気下において籾殻を密閉容器内で加熱する方法、不活性ガスを供給可能な容器内で加熱する方法などがとられてよい。 Examples of the atmosphere in the carbonization step include an atmosphere in which oxygen is blocked, and specifically, an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, an atmosphere in which a plant-derived material is in a kind of steamed state, a vacuum atmosphere, an atmosphere. A lower closed atmosphere and the like can be mentioned. For example, a method of heating rice husks in a closed container under the atmosphere, a method of heating in a container capable of supplying an inert gas, and the like may be used.

加熱時の雰囲気の酸素濃度は、22体積%以下であってよく、例えば17.5体積%以下、例示的には15体積%以下である。また、加熱時の雰囲気の酸素濃度は、2.5体積%以上であってよく、例えば5体積%以上、例示的には7.5体積%以上である。吸着性能の観点から、加熱時の雰囲気の酸素濃度が上記範囲であることが好ましい。あるいは、加熱時の雰囲気の酸素濃度は、1.0体積%以下であってもよい。 The oxygen concentration of the atmosphere during heating may be 22% by volume or less, for example, 17.5% by volume or less, and illustratively 15% by volume or less. The oxygen concentration of the atmosphere during heating may be 2.5% by volume or more, for example 5% by volume or more, and illustratively 7.5% by volume or more. From the viewpoint of adsorption performance, the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere during heating is preferably in the above range. Alternatively, the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere during heating may be 1.0 vol% or less.

炭化温度は、550℃以下であってよく、例えば525℃以下、好ましくは500℃以下、より好ましくは475℃以下、さらに好ましくは450℃以下、特に425℃以下である。また、炭化温度は、250℃以上であってよく、例えば275℃以上、好ましくは300℃以上、より好ましくは325℃以上、特に350℃以上である。 The carbonization temperature may be 550°C or lower, for example, 525°C or lower, preferably 500°C or lower, more preferably 475°C or lower, further preferably 450°C or lower, and particularly 425°C or lower. The carbonization temperature may be 250°C or higher, for example, 275°C or higher, preferably 300°C or higher, more preferably 325°C or higher, and particularly 350°C or higher.

炭化温度に至るまでの昇温速度として、上記の雰囲気下、1゜C/分以上、好ましくは3゜C/分以上、より好ましくは5゜C/分以上を挙げることができる。 The temperature rising rate up to the carbonization temperature may be 1° C./min or more, preferably 3° C./min or more, more preferably 5° C./min or more in the above atmosphere.

上記炭化温度における炭化時間は、7.5時間以下であってよく、例えば5時間以下、好ましくは3時間以下、より好ましくは2時間以下、特に1時間以下である。また、上記炭化温度における炭化時間は、15分以上であってよく、例えば30分以上、好ましくは35分以上、より好ましくは45分以上である。 The carbonization time at the carbonization temperature may be 7.5 hours or less, for example 5 hours or less, preferably 3 hours or less, more preferably 2 hours or less, and particularly 1 hour or less. The carbonization time at the carbonization temperature may be 15 minutes or longer, for example, 30 minutes or longer, preferably 35 minutes or longer, and more preferably 45 minutes or longer.

上記範囲の炭化温度および炭化時間とすることで、本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭を用いた吸着剤としての性能が特に優れる。さらに、従来の方法に比べて、炭化に要するエネルギーが少なくてすむために工業上有利である。 By setting the carbonization temperature and the carbonization time within the above ranges, the performance as an adsorbent using the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention is particularly excellent. Further, as compared with the conventional method, less energy is required for carbonization, which is industrially advantageous.

所定の炭化時間経過後は、得られた籾殻炭をそのまま放置して、放熱により自然冷却させてもよいし、冷却手段を用いて積極的に冷却してもよい。 After the lapse of a predetermined carbonization time, the obtained rice husk charcoal may be left as it is and naturally cooled by heat radiation, or may be actively cooled by using a cooling means.

(塩基処理工程)
本発明の実施形態に係る製造方法は籾殻炭の塩基処理工程を有する。塩基処理工程において、上記の炭化工程によって得られた籾殻炭を、塩基処理に供する。目的とする改質籾殻炭を得られる限り、塩基処理の方法は特に限定されない。
(Base treatment step)
The manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a step of treating rice husk charcoal with a base. In the base treatment step, the rice husk charcoal obtained in the carbonization step is subjected to a base treatment. The method of the base treatment is not particularly limited as long as the target modified rice husk charcoal can be obtained.

塩基処理は、塩基性溶液による塩基処理であってよい。籾殻炭を塩基処理するには、塩基性溶液に籾殻炭を浸漬させればよい。この際、攪拌させながら、浸漬するのが好ましい。 The base treatment may be a base treatment with a basic solution. The rice husk charcoal can be treated with a base by immersing the rice husk charcoal in a basic solution. At this time, it is preferable to immerse while stirring.

塩基性溶液は、塩基性物質(有機塩基または無機塩基)を各種溶媒(有機溶媒または水性溶媒など)に溶解した溶液であり、好ましくは無機塩基水溶液である。塩基性物質の例としては、NaOH、KOH、CaOH、NaHCO3、NaCOなどが挙げられるが、限定されない。 The basic solution is a solution in which a basic substance (organic base or inorganic base) is dissolved in various solvents (organic solvent, aqueous solvent, etc.), and preferably an inorganic base aqueous solution. Examples of basic substances include, but are not limited to, NaOH, KOH, CaOH, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 .

塩基性溶液のpHは8以上であってよく、例えば10以上である。吸着特性の観点および塩基処理時間を短縮化する観点から、pHは11以上であってよく、より好ましくは12以上である。強アルカリ処理することにより、吸着物の脱離が起こり難い吸着剤が得られる傾向がある。 The pH of the basic solution may be 8 or higher, for example 10 or higher. From the viewpoint of adsorption characteristics and the viewpoint of shortening the base treatment time, the pH may be 11 or higher, more preferably 12 or higher. The strong alkali treatment tends to yield an adsorbent in which desorption of the adsorbate is unlikely to occur.

塩基処理時の温度は、5〜100℃であってよく、例えば10〜50℃、好ましくは15〜45℃(例えば室温)である。 The temperature during the base treatment may be 5 to 100°C, for example 10 to 50°C, preferably 15 to 45°C (for example, room temperature).

塩基処理時間は、360時間以下であってよく、例えば240時間以下である。また、塩基処理時間は、45分以上であってよく、例えば3時間以上、好ましくは6時間以上である。 The base treatment time may be 360 hours or less, for example 240 hours or less. The base treatment time may be 45 minutes or longer, for example, 3 hours or longer, preferably 6 hours or longer.

塩基性溶液に添加する籾殻炭の量は、塩基性溶液100重量部に対して、籾殻炭を0.1〜50重量部であってよく、例えば0.3〜30重量部である。 The amount of rice husk charcoal added to the basic solution may be 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, for example 0.3 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the basic solution.

塩基処理工程後、洗浄/乾燥を行い、塩基処理籾殻炭を得る。洗浄は水洗いであってよい。乾燥は公知の乾燥方法であってよく、例えば150℃未満、好ましくは100℃未満で行われる。 After the base treatment step, washing/drying is performed to obtain base-treated rice husk charcoal. The wash may be a water wash. Drying may be a known drying method, for example, performed at less than 150°C, preferably less than 100°C.

[吸着剤]
本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭は吸着剤として利用できる。本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭を単独で吸着剤として用いてもよいし、高分子バインダーなどその他の添加剤と混合した吸着剤としてもよい。吸着特性の観点から、改質籾殻炭を直径1mm以下、例えば500μm以下に粉砕したものを用いることが好ましい。
[Adsorbent]
The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used as an adsorbent. The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention may be used alone as an adsorbent, or may be an adsorbent mixed with other additives such as a polymer binder. From the viewpoint of adsorption characteristics, it is preferable to use the modified rice husk charcoal crushed to a diameter of 1 mm or less, for example, 500 μm or less.

特に本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭を含む吸着剤は無機イオン、特にセシウムイオンおよび/またはストロンチウムイオンを吸着するための吸着剤として好適である。特に本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭を含む吸着剤はセシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンの両方に対して優れた吸着を示す。 In particular, the adsorbent containing the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitable as an adsorbent for adsorbing inorganic ions, particularly cesium ions and/or strontium ions. In particular, the adsorbent containing the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention exhibits excellent adsorption for both cesium ions and strontium ions.

本発明は上記吸着剤を用いる吸着方法も提供する。吸着方法としては、本発明の吸着剤を、吸着対象物質を含む水溶液に添加して、一定時間、放置または攪拌させる方法、カラムに本発明の吸着剤を充填させて、カラム内に吸着対象物質を含む水溶液を通過または循環させる方法などがあるが、限定されない。 The present invention also provides an adsorption method using the above adsorbent. As the adsorption method, the adsorbent of the present invention is added to an aqueous solution containing the adsorption target substance and left standing or stirred for a certain period of time, the column is filled with the adsorbent of the present invention, and the adsorption target substance is contained in the column. The method includes, but is not limited to, a method of passing or circulating an aqueous solution containing

本発明は上記吸着剤を有する装置も提供する。装置は、例えば、吸着剤が濾過器の一部に備えられた装置などがあるが、限定されない。 The present invention also provides a device having the above adsorbent. Examples of the device include, but are not limited to, a device in which an adsorbent is provided in a part of a filter.

以下、実施例および比較例を示して本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によって限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically by showing Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

[試験方法]
試験方法は次のとおりである。
[Test method]
The test method is as follows.

(籾殻炭のpH測定)
改質籾殻炭および塩基処理前の籾殻炭のpHはJISK1474に従い粉末試料1.00gに水100mLを加えて静かに沸騰が続くように5分間加熱した。室温まで冷却し、水を加えて100mLとし、よくかき混ぜ、pHメータ(SevenMulti METTLER TOLEDO社製)を用いて測定した。
(PH measurement of rice husk charcoal)
Regarding the pH of the modified rice husk charcoal and the rice husk charcoal before the base treatment, 100 mL of water was added to 1.00 g of the powder sample according to JIS K1474, and the mixture was heated for 5 minutes so that boiling continued gently. After cooling to room temperature, water was added to make 100 mL, and the mixture was stirred well and measured using a pH meter (manufactured by SevenMulti METTLER TOLEDO).

(比表面積測定)
比表面積は比表面積測定装置(Monosorb ユアサアイオニクス社製)を用いてBET法で測定した。
(Specific surface area measurement)
The specific surface area was measured by the BET method using a specific surface area measuring device (Monosorb Yuasa Ionics Inc.).

(吸着実験)
金属元素の濃度が100ppmとなるように調整した塩化セシウム水溶液100mlおよび塩化ストロンチウム水溶液100mlのそれぞれに250μm以下に粉砕した籾殻炭を1.00g添加し、1時間撹拌した。その後フィルターでろ過し、原子吸光光度計(Z-2300 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を用いてろ液中の金属元素の濃度を測定することで、吸着率を求めた。
(Adsorption experiment)
1.00 g of rice husk charcoal pulverized to 250 μm or less was added to each of 100 ml of an aqueous cesium chloride solution and 100 ml of an aqueous strontium chloride solution adjusted to have a metal element concentration of 100 ppm, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. After that, it was filtered with a filter, and the adsorption rate was determined by measuring the concentration of the metal element in the filtrate using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Z-2300 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation).

(脱着実験)
吸着実験に使用した400°C炭化籾殻炭を溶液から取り出し乾燥させ,蒸留水100 mLに1.00 g添加し,1時間撹拌した。その後フィルターでろ過し,原子吸光光度計(Z−2300 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製)を用いてろ液中の金属元素の濃度を測定し、脱着実験後も籾殻炭に吸着されている金属元素の割合(吸着維持率)を求めた。
(Detachment experiment)
The 400°C carbonized rice husk charcoal used in the adsorption experiment was taken out of the solution, dried, and 1.00 g was added to 100 mL of distilled water, followed by stirring for 1 hour. After that, it is filtered with a filter, and the concentration of the metal element in the filtrate is measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Z-2300 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). After the desorption experiment, the metal element adsorbed on the rice husk charcoal is measured. The ratio (adsorption retention rate) was determined.

(細孔分布の測定)
細孔分布測定装置(Autosorb-1 Quantachrome社製)にて籾殻炭の細孔分布を測定した。
(Measurement of pore distribution)
The pore distribution of the rice husk charcoal was measured with a pore distribution measuring device (Autosorb-1 Quantachrome).

(FT-IR測定)
フーリエ変換型赤外分光装置(FT-IR FT-IR-680 Plus JASCO社製)を用いて籾殻炭が有する官能基のピークを測定した。
(FT-IR measurement)
The peak of the functional group contained in the rice husk charcoal was measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR FT-IR-680 Plus JASCO).

[実施例1〜8および比較例1〜15]
下記の手順および表1に示す条件で、籾殻を炭化して籾殻炭を得て、得られた籾殻炭を塩基処理することで、籾殻炭を得た。
[Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 15]
Rice husks were obtained by carbonizing the rice husks to obtain rice husk charcoals and subjecting the obtained rice husk charcoals to a base treatment under the following procedure and the conditions shown in Table 1.

(籾殻炭の作製)
籾殻を、大気下、アルミナ製のるつぼに入れ蓋をしてセパレータ方式卓上電気炉(AMF-20D株式会社アサヒ理化製作所製)で所定の炭化温度に達してから、所定の炭化時間、保持して炭化して籾殻炭を得た。炭化温度、炭化時間および加熱雰囲気は表1に示すとおりである。なお、実施例10および比較例15においては、管状電気炉(TMF500-COREPIPE;アズワン株式会社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下(窒素供給量200ml/min)、設定温度の400℃に達してから1時間炭化し、籾殻炭を得た。
(Preparation of rice husk charcoal)
Rice husk, under the atmosphere, put into a crucible made of alumina and covered with a separator method tabletop electric furnace (AMF-20D Co., Ltd.Asahi Rika Seisakusho) to reach a predetermined carbonization temperature, then a predetermined carbonization time, hold it Carbonized to obtain rice husk charcoal. The carbonization temperature, carbonization time, and heating atmosphere are as shown in Table 1. In addition, in Example 10 and Comparative Example 15, a tubular electric furnace (TMF500-COREPIPE; manufactured by As One Co., Ltd.) was used to reach a preset temperature of 400° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere (nitrogen supply amount 200 ml/min). Carbonization was carried out for 1 hour to obtain rice husk charcoal.

(籾殻炭の塩基処理)
塩基濃度0.1モル/Lに調整した塩基水溶液300mLに得られた籾殻炭3.00gを添加し、25℃で、所定の塩基処理時間振盪させて塩基処理した。その後、洗浄し、乾燥させて、改質籾殻炭を得た。塩基の種類、塩基性溶液pH、塩基処理時間は表1に示すとおりである。
(Rice husk charcoal base treatment)
To 300 mL of an aqueous base solution adjusted to a base concentration of 0.1 mol/L, 3.00 g of the obtained rice husk charcoal was added, and the mixture was shaken at 25° C. for a predetermined base treatment time for base treatment. Then, it wash|cleaned and dried and the modified rice husk charcoal was obtained. The type of base, the pH of the basic solution, and the base treatment time are as shown in Table 1.

Figure 2020093969
Figure 2020093969

以下の表2に、実施例1および実施例2における改質籾殻炭のpHおよび比表面積、ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭のpHおよび比表面積の測定結果を示す。 Table 2 below shows the measurement results of the pH and the specific surface area of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2, and the pH and the specific surface area of the rice husk charcoal before the base treatment in Comparative Example 1.

表3に、実施例1〜10における改質籾殻炭、ならびに比較例1〜15における塩基処理前の籾殻炭をそれぞれ用いて行ったセシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンの吸着実験の結果を示す。アルカリ処理することにより、セシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンの吸着性能が増大した。化学的吸着要因が増加したため高い吸着能であったと推定される。 Table 3 shows the results of cesium ion and strontium ion adsorption experiments carried out using the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 to 10 and the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Examples 1 to 15 before the base treatment, respectively. The alkali treatment increased the adsorption performance of cesium and strontium ions. It is presumed that the adsorption capacity was high because the chemical adsorption factors increased.

表4に、実施例1〜2における改質籾殻炭、ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭をそれぞれ用いて行ったセシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンの脱着実験の結果を示す。表4に示すように本願発明における籾殻炭は、優れた吸着維持率を有することも明らかとなった。したがって、本願発明における改質籾殻炭を用いた吸着剤は、吸着後に雨等により水に浸かることがあっても放射性物質が漏洩しにくく取扱い性に優れるため放射性物質の除染使用等に好適に用いることができる。 Table 4 shows the results of desorption experiments of cesium ion and strontium ion performed using the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2 and the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Example 1 before the base treatment, respectively. As shown in Table 4, it was also revealed that the rice husk charcoal in the present invention has an excellent adsorption retention rate. Therefore, the adsorbent using the modified rice husk charcoal in the present invention is suitable for decontamination use of radioactive substances because the radioactive substances are less likely to leak even if they are soaked in water due to rain etc. after adsorption. Can be used.

Figure 2020093969
Figure 2020093969





























Figure 2020093969
Figure 2020093969

Figure 2020093969
Figure 2020093969

図1に、実施例1および実施例2における改質籾殻炭の細孔容積、ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭の細孔容積を示す。図2に、実施例1および実施例2における改質籾殻炭の比表面積、ならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭の比表面積を示す。改質籾殻炭は特にメソ孔が発達していることがわかる。 FIG. 1 shows the pore volume of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2, and the pore volume of the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Example 1 before the base treatment. FIG. 2 shows the specific surface area of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2, and the specific surface area of the rice husk charcoal in Comparative Example 1 before the base treatment. It can be seen that the modified rice husk charcoal has especially developed mesopores.

図3に、実施例1および実施例2における改質籾殻炭のFT−IRスペクトルならびに比較例1における塩基処理前の籾殻炭のFT−IRスペクトルを示すが、1700cm−1付近および3300cm−1付近のピークの存在から、改質籾殻炭における酸性官能基の存在が確認された。アルカリ処理することで籾殻炭の例えば環状エステル(ラクトン環)等が環裂したことにより,セシウム吸着サイトである酸性官能基のカルボキシル基が約2.2倍,フェノール性ヒドロキシ基が約2.7倍増加したと考えられる。 FIG. 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of the modified rice husk charcoal in Examples 1 and 2 and the FT-IR spectrum of the rice husk charcoal before the base treatment in Comparative Example 1, which are near 1700 cm −1 and 3300 cm −1. From the presence of the peak, the presence of acidic functional groups in the modified rice husk charcoal was confirmed. For example, the cyclic ester (lactone ring) of rice husk charcoal was ruptured by the alkali treatment, so that the carboxyl group of the acidic functional group which is a cesium adsorption site was about 2.2 times and the phenolic hydroxy group was about 2.7. It is thought to have doubled.

本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭は、セシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンの吸着に好適であり、放射性物質の除染などにおいて好適に利用できる。また、本発明の実施形態に係る改質籾殻炭は、従来のゼオライトのような鉱物タイプの吸着剤と比較して大幅に減容化が可能であるため放射性物質の保管の経済性に優れ得る。 The modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for adsorbing cesium ions and strontium ions, and can be suitably used for decontamination of radioactive substances. Further, the modified rice husk charcoal according to the embodiment of the present invention can be significantly reduced in volume as compared with a conventional mineral-type adsorbent such as zeolite, and thus can be excellent in economical efficiency of storage of radioactive substances. ..

Claims (14)

BET法による比表面積が20m/g以下であり、
JISK1474に従い測定した、pHが7.0以上であり、かつ、
酸性官能基を有する、
改質籾殻炭。
The specific surface area by the BET method is 20 m 2 /g or less,
The pH measured according to JIS K1474 is 7.0 or higher, and
Has an acidic functional group,
Modified rice husk charcoal.
酸性官能基はカルボキシル基および芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の籾殻炭。 The rice husk charcoal according to claim 1, wherein the acidic functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton. 1〜6個の炭素原子を隔てて存在する2個の酸性官能基を含む、請求項1または2に記載の籾殻炭。 Rice husk charcoal according to claim 1 or 2 comprising two acidic functional groups which are present separated by 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 酸性官能基がカルボキシル基と芳香族炭化水素骨格に結合したヒドロキシル基とから形成されるエステル構造由来、または酸無水物構造由来である酸性官能基を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の籾殻炭。 The acidic functional group contains an acidic functional group derived from an ester structure formed from a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon skeleton, or derived from an acid anhydride structure. Rice husk charcoal described in. BET法による比表面積が10m/g以下である、
請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭。
The specific surface area by the BET method is 10 m 2 /g or less,
The modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
イネ科イネ属植物由来である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭。 The modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is derived from a plant of the genus Poaceae. 籾殻を炭化処理して籾殻炭を得る炭化工程、および
籾殻炭を塩基処理する塩基処理工程
を含む、BET法による比表面積が20m/g以下である改質籾殻炭の製造方法。
A method for producing a modified rice husk charcoal having a specific surface area of 20 m 2 /g or less by a BET method, which includes a carbonization step of carbonizing the rice husk to obtain a rice husk charcoal, and a base treatment step of subjecting the rice husk charcoal to a base treatment.
炭化工程における炭化温度は550℃以下である、請求項7に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。 The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to claim 7, wherein the carbonization temperature in the carbonization step is 550°C or lower. 炭化工程における炭化時間は5時間以下である、請求項7または8に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。 The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the carbonization time in the carbonization step is 5 hours or less. 塩基処理工程において、無機塩基水溶液による塩基処理を行う、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。 The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a base treatment with an inorganic base aqueous solution is performed in the base treatment step. 塩基処理工程において、塩基処理を室温下で行う、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭の製造方法。 The method for producing modified rice husk charcoal according to claim 7, wherein the base treatment is performed at room temperature in the base treatment step. 請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法により得られる、改質籾殻炭。 Modified rice husk charcoal obtained by the manufacturing method according to claim 7. 請求項1〜6および12のいずれか一項に記載の改質籾殻炭を含む、吸着剤。 An adsorbent comprising the modified rice husk charcoal according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 12. セシウムイオンおよびストロンチウムイオンを吸着するための、請求項13に記載の吸着剤。 The adsorbent according to claim 13, for adsorbing cesium ions and strontium ions.
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JPH02135140A (en) * 1988-07-19 1990-05-24 Ube Ind Ltd Deodorant and production thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102599131B1 (en) 2023-02-23 2023-11-07 고등기술연구원연구조합 Method for producing high specific surface area activated carbon using lignocellulosic biomass using resource recycling type advanced activation

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