JP2020069412A - Distilled water production device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a distilled water production device of a low-cost, high efficiency, and good design, which is a relatively small scale water production device particularly suitable for a personal use, for a family use or for a small community use, without requiring energy such as an electric or thermal power, or a large scale device such as a solar tracking device, is collapsible and can easily be stored when not in use, and can be installed and carried without a trouble.SOLUTION: The distilled water production device utilizing solar heat, comprising a transparent dome 7 constituted of a plurality of curved ribs 1 fastened at the top 2 of the dome, with the tips 3 of the ribs each fixed to a corresponding receiving hole 5 provided on the periphery of a pan 4, and of a transparent plastic sheet or film 6 surrounding the upper or the lower part of the ribs, is characterized in that a solid body of a pillar and/or pyramid shape whose surface is covered with black fabric and/or a carbon material, and an inner pan whereon the solid body is placed, are provided inside the dome.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a distilled water desalination apparatus that can be easily installed and moved at low cost by obtaining river water, contaminated water or seawater by sunlight (heat) to obtain drinking water or pure water.

Due to global warming, population increase, and economic development, water shortage is still a problem in many areas, and it is pointed out that water shortage will occur in more areas in the future due to population increase and economic development. In particular, securing water to be consumed daily is an extremely important issue in island countries with no groundwater or river water, in areas without water supply facilities, and in refugee camps. From the humanitarian perspective, 1 gallon (about 3.8 L / day) of drinking water is supplied per person per day in these areas. Therefore, even supplying only 1 gallon a day to refugees who need drinking water requires more than 220,000 tons of water daily (80.3 million tons per year).

If this water were produced by the conventional evaporation method, 140,000 tons of heavy oil A would be required every day, which would generate 450,000 tons of CO2 daily (165 million tons per year). In addition, if water is supplied to island countries or areas where water supply is not developed in the same way, a huge amount of CO2 is generated, global warming is accelerated, water shortage is caused, and a vicious cycle is created. The above-mentioned water problem is of course a serious problem not only in areas where there are no water resources but also in areas where there is no water supply facility and only contaminated water, and it is possible to supply water without fossil energy consumption (CO2 generation). There is an urgent need for a supply method.

Until now, many proposals have been made to produce drinking water by using solar heat without using artificial energy (oil, electric power, firewood, etc.) to evaporate contaminated water or seawater (Patent Document 1). ~ 4). However, the problem with this type of water maker is that the direction and angle of the sun change every moment depending on the seasons and the time of day, and it is not possible to absorb the solar heat at the maximum efficiency at all times, and the heat collection per day Water production efficiency is significantly reduced.

Also, in the flat plate type water generator, even if the temperature of the hot water rises due to absorption of solar heat, the temperature drops due to heat radiation from the flat plate surface and the lower part, sufficient vapor pressure does not come out, and the evaporation amount of water is small, The amount of water produced is also small (Patent Documents 1 to 3). Alternatively, even with a proposal with a sloping roof for condensing and collecting water vapor on a large surface of water (Patent Documents 4 to 6), the altitude and direction of the sun also change depending on the season and time, and effective evaporation is achieved. I can't get it. As described above, the flat plate type has been proposed variously because of its simple structure and relatively low cost, but it is difficult to put it into practical use because of its low efficiency of water production.

Therefore, a multi-effect method has been proposed (Patent Documents 7 to 15) in which the portion for collecting solar heat is a flat plate type, the condensation heat when vaporized vapor is condensed is reused, and seawater is further vaporized (Patent Documents 7 to 15). A compressor, a cooling device, and a pipe connecting them are required, the device becomes complicated and excessive, and the cost of the device and electric power and fuel for operation are required, which is not profitable in practice.

Further, a method (Patent Documents 16 to 19) in which solar heat is concentrated by a parabolic concentrator or a mirror to raise the temperature, a high-boiling substance is heated to store the heat, and seawater or the like is evaporated has been proposed. However, a large area device and a large number of parabolic concentrators and mirrors that move along with the movement of the sun (solar tracking: solar trekking) are required, which makes the device too large, and the manufacturing cost and operating cost. Is too large, and its practicality is very low. Although many proposals have been made to block water and use the sunlight (heat) to evaporate seawater to create pure water, simple devices have low solar heat utilization efficiency and require a large installation area. In order to increase efficiency, a solar tracking device (solar tracking) that optimizes the orientation of the device according to the direction and altitude of the sun and its control device are required, resulting in excessive device costs and operating costs. However, the reality is that a device that can truly, easily and inexpensively produce water has not been realized.

Patent 4687928 Special table 2001-514573 JP-A-56-144702 JP-A-56-76203 JP-A-4-141287 JP-A-2-284686 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-279944 Republished W001 / 072638 Republication W097 / 48646 JP-A-6-158685 JP-A-64-34486 JP 62-129192 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-110388 JP-A-58-20286 JP, 2016-223696, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-71891 JP-A-60-61088 JP-A-56-129081 JP-A-53-43678

This proposal solves the problems of the prior art, and in areas where there is insufficient groundwater or river water, in areas where there is no energy such as electric power for desalination even if there is river water, or when there is a disaster such as heavy rain or an earthquake, The minimum necessary amount of clean water (3.8 L / person / day) for the daily life of the area that has been temporarily cut off is solar energy only, no energy such as electric power or thermal power is required, and only solar energy is used. In addition, it is a water desalination device that is inexpensive, highly efficient, and excellent in design, and does not require large-scale equipment such as solar tracking equipment (solar tracking), especially for individuals, homes, or small settlements. The purpose of the present invention is to propose a relatively small-sized desalination device for water. Furthermore, it aims to propose a distilled water desalination apparatus that is inexpensive, lightweight, and can be folded and easily put away when not in use, movable, and installable by using the same structure as a vinyl umbrella or a tent. To do.

(First invention)
That is, according to the present invention, a plurality of curved aggregates (ribs) 1, the aggregates are fixed at the apexes 2, and the tips 3 of the aggregates are receiving holes 5 provided in the peripheral portion of the tray 4. , A transparent dome 7 having a transparent plastic sheet or film 6 on the upper or lower part of the aggregate, and a columnar and / or weight whose inside is covered with a black cloth and / or carbon material 8 A distilled water desalination apparatus using solar heat, characterized in that it has a three-dimensional solid 9 and an internal tray 10 for installing the solid.

(Second invention)
Further, the present invention is a distilled water desalination apparatus, wherein the structure of the aggregate 1 is a tent structure or a structure of a vinyl umbrella aggregate.

(Third invention)
Further, according to the present invention, the saucer 4 is a conical shape 11, a hemispherical shape 12, an elliptic shape 13, a part of a polygonal pyramid shape 14, or a flat tray-like shape 15. It is a water device.

(Fourth invention)
Further, the present invention is the distilled water desalination apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a pipe 16 for withdrawing the distilled water stored in the bottom portion of the tray 4.

(Fifth invention)
Further, the present invention is the distilled water desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solid body 9 is plural.

(Sixth invention)
Further, the present invention is the distilled water desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 5, wherein the solid body 9 has a raw water storage tank 17 inside the solid body.

(Seventh invention)
Further, the present invention is characterized in that a black cloth covering a solid body and / or a water supply material 18 for supplying the raw water up to the carbon material 7 is provided inside the raw water storage tank 17 by a capillary phenomenon. The distilled water demineralizer according to any one of 1.

(Eighth invention)
Further, the present invention has a pipe 19 for supplying raw water from the outside of the transparent dome 7 to the raw water storage tank 17, a raw water supply tank 20, and a jig 21 for installing the raw water supply tank. The distilled water desalination apparatus according to any one of the claims.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The distilled water desalination apparatus of the present invention is a device that does not need a solar tracking device and can receive maximum solar radiation all year round, all day long even if installed in the same state at any point in the world. This is a device with much higher efficiency of distillation / salting by raw water such as river water, sea water, and contaminated water by solar heat compared with the conventional desalination device. In addition, the structure and materials used are extremely high-performance and high-performance compared to the conventional flat type device (which requires excessive heat insulating material and frame material), and the sun-following type device (many mirrors and parabolic type devices). It requires a computer-controlled solar trekking device to control the mirrors in their optimal orientations), and is extremely simple, lightweight and inexpensive, and has no obstacles for installation and movement. By using the device of the present invention, a household (about 4 to 5 people) can supply drinking water (12-20 L) necessary for one day with an installation area of about 1 m 2.

Schematic diagram of the transparent dome of the present invention (however, the solid 9 included in the inside is omitted) A schematic view of the tip portion 3 of the aggregate 1 of the transparent dome 7 of the present invention, the receiving tray 4, the peripheral portion 5 of the receiving tray (receiving hole of the tip portion), A: The receiving hole is stopped inside the receiving tray. B: The receiving hole penetrates the tray. C: The receiving hole is on the upper part of the tray. Example of plan view of the saucer 4, A: circular saucer, B: hexagonal saucer The perspective view of the saucer 4. 11: conical saucer, 12: hemispherical saucer, 12: semi-elliptical spherical saucer, 14: polygonal pyramidal saucer, 15: flat tray saucer. An example of the solid 9 inside the transparent dome 7. A: Example of one solid, B: Example of multiple solids. An example of the sectional view of solid 9. A: An example in which a raw water storage tank 17 is provided at the upper part of the solid, B: An example in which a raw water bottle is placed at the upper part of the solid. An example of the arrangement of the raw water storage tank 17 inside the three-dimensional body 9, the water absorbing material 18 for sucking the raw water, and the black cloth 8. An example of an automatic supply system of raw water from a raw water supply tank 20 outside the transparent dome 7 to a three-dimensional raw water storage tank 17 inside the dome. A: Schematic diagram, B: An example of the relationship between the raw water supply pipe 19 and the three-dimensional raw water storage tank 17.

The transparent dome 7 in the water producing apparatus of the present invention forms a dome structure by combining a plurality of curved aggregates (ribs) 1. The aggregate may be of any type as long as it is a material that can be distorted, such as plastic, bamboo, hard cane of sugar cane, and metal. The cross-sectional shape of the aggregate is preferably circular, elliptical, polygonal, flat, etc., and may be hollow or solid. Optimize from the viewpoint of cost, workability, durability, etc. For example, in plastics, polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycycloolefin (COC, COP), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), nylon 6, nylon 66. Polyamides such as nylon 12, nylon 11 and the like, polyoxymethylene (POM), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like can be used. Although the color of the plastic aggregate can be colorless or colored, a light color or a colorless and transparent color is preferable in terms of increasing the transmittance of solar radiation.

The curved aggregate 1 may be curved by permanent set or may be bent by applying force. The aggregate is fixed at a substantially central portion (zenith portion) 22 to form a dome shape. The fixing method includes an adhesive fixing method, a pin fixing method, a screw fixing method, a wire fixing method, a clip fixing method, a socket fixing method, and a method of fixing with a lathe like a vinyl umbrella. It can be selected according to the purpose and application.

The transparent dome 7 can be made by installing a transparent plastic sheet or film or a glass plate 6 on the upper or lower part of the dome-shaped aggregate 1. The film or sheet can be fixed to the aggregate with pins, screws, clips, wires, plastic strings, or the like.

The transparent dome 7 formed by the curved aggregate 1 can be formed into a lightweight, inexpensive, and foldable transparent dome by diverting and applying a transparent tent structure or a vinyl umbrella structure. In addition, a wide variety of designs are possible, and it is possible to make the device unique to the user, and it is possible to design that matches the surroundings in the countryside, the city, the mountains, and the coast. ,preferable.

It is preferable that the inner side of the sheet or film 6 of the transparent dome 1 of the present invention is hydrophilic, because water droplets due to evaporated water are less likely to be formed and sunlight transparency can be maintained. Water condensed inside will always run down below the dome. Hydrophilization includes treatment with a hydrophilic treatment agent (for example, silicone-based hydrophilizing agent, photocatalytic coating), coating with titanium oxide or silica, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, corona discharge treatment, or affinity for water. This can be done by using high sheet or film material or the like. For example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly (ethylene vinyl alcohol) (EVA), polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLA) are used for the back surface, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used for the surface. By using polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) as a multi-layered film or sheet, the evaporated water does not become water drops inside the transparent dome. , It naturally flows away, and the effect is enhanced.

As the transparent film used for the transparent dome 1, a transparent plastic non-stretched film, a uniaxially stretched film, a biaxially stretched film or a blown stretched film can be used, and the thickness thereof is usually 10 μm or more, preferably 20 μm or more, more preferably Is 30-100 μm. Further, as the transparent sheet, an extruded sheet, a cast sheet or a vacuum formed sheet can be used, and the thickness thereof is usually 50 μm or more, preferably 70 μm or more, more preferably 100 μm to 3 mm. The plastic molded product is a molded product molded by an injection molding method or an extrusion molding method, and usually has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more, preferably 0.5 to 3 mm. The multi-layered sheet or film can be produced by a commonly used manufacturing method such as a multi-axis molding machine or a laminating method. In addition, such a film or sheet is also preferably laminated with a plain weave fabric (malting). In addition, a glass plate can be used for the flat portion. The dome shape and the shape of the tray are not particularly limited as long as they meet the object of the present invention.

The transparent dome 7 of the present invention is preferably substantially sealed. The term “substantially closed” means that the closed space does not have to be a completely closed structure as long as it has a closed space that does not allow a large amount of air to enter. For example, a gap of about several mm is acceptable. For that purpose, a plastic tray 4 having a hole 5 for fixing the tip portion (dew point) 3 of the aggregate 1 having a tent structure or an umbrella structure is placed, and the aggregate 1 having a dome structure is fixed. .. The hole may be a simple hole or a pipe corresponding to the hole may be installed. As for the size (diameter) of the hole, the dew tip may be inserted, but if it is too large, the fixing becomes loose and the umbrella structure becomes unstable. Therefore, it is preferably at most 1.5 times the maximum length of the dew tip, preferably It is 1.1 to 1.3 times. The depth of the hole should be at least 5 mm in the dew point, and preferably 7 mm or more. Also, the holes do not normally penetrate the saucer, but they may penetrate.

The tray 4 is usually made of plastic, a metal plate having a rust preventive function, or a wooden plate, but plastic is preferable in terms of cost, lightness, rust preventability, and moldability. For example, it can be manufactured by injection molding, extrusion molding, pressure molding, vacuum molding, or adhesive molding of plastic. The shape of the tray is preferably a conical shape 11, a hemispherical shape 12, an elliptic shape 13, a part of a polygonal pyramid shape 14, or a flat tray shape 15. A flat tray 15, a hemisphere 12, and an ellipsoid 13 are preferable. Such a shape has a lot of manufacturing results for a saucer of a flower pot, a globe, various signs, covers of lighting equipment or advertising signs, and can be manufactured at a lower cost. In order to manufacture a large-sized saucer at a lower cost, a plastic sheet or plastic film having a frame 22 in the peripheral portion and having the shape of the saucer may be used. It is also preferable to attach a drain pipe 16 to the outside of the tray to draw out the distilled water stored at the bottom thereof. As the plastic material, any of ordinary thermoplastic resin and curable resin can be used, but in general, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polychlorinated resin, which is excellent in moldability and cost, is used. Vinyl (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), ABS resin, phenolic resin and the like are more preferable. The molding method of such a plastic may be an ordinary molding method, and for example, a method such as injection molding, extrusion molding, vacuum molding, pressure molding, mold molding, or the like is used.

Further, in order to fix the tray, it is also preferable to attach a support or a column to the bottom of the tray.

The transparent dome 1 has a columnar and / or conical solid body 9. The existence of this solid is a novel point of the present invention which is different from the conventional water-producing device, and as the solid of a cone, a cone, a triangular pyramid, a polygonal pyramid such as a quadrangular pyramid, etc. Polygonal columns such as columns, triangular columns, quadrangular columns, pentagonal columns, and hexagonal columns can be preferably used. The shape of the three-dimensional shape is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-mentioned three-dimensional shape, but it is also preferable to combine different kinds of three-dimensional shapes so that the distance between the three-dimensional shapes is as constant as possible. For example, a solid body having both columnar and conical features, for example, a solid body in which the lower portion of the columnar body is somewhat widened, or a solid body in which the upper portion of the conical body is cut to form a flat upper surface can be used. The number of the three-dimensional bodies may be one or more, but a plurality of the three-dimensional bodies are more efficient in absorbing solar heat, have improved water-making ability, and can be easily enlarged. The solid is placed on the following tray 10 in a transparent container. There may be one large solid (FIG. 5A) or a plurality (FIG. 5B), for example, at least 4, preferably at least 9, more preferably 12 to 25 solids. The distance between the solids should be about 10% of the length of the bottom of the solids, but a maximum of about 50 mm makes the device compact, cost efficient, and efficient absorption of solar heat and efficient. Preferred for evaporation.

It is necessary for the solid body 9 to have a certain height in order to improve the water producing effect of the present invention. For example, in the case of a flat plate having no height (prior art), when the solar altitude is low (in winter). During the period, or in the morning and evening hours of the day), the incident angle of the sun is small and the solar heat cannot be sufficiently absorbed, and the water production efficiency is low throughout the year or throughout the day, and its practical value is low. On the other hand, the device of the present invention has a solid body 9 having a certain height or more. For example, if height / (base length) is the height parameter (H-value), this value is usually 0.2 or more, preferably 0.4 or more Regardless of the type, the black cloth or carbon material that covers the surface of the three-dimensional surface can absorb solar energy well, and as a result, the distillation and water-making effects are increased. For example, the absorption of solar heat is absorbed by the side surface of the solid when the altitude of the sun is low, and is absorbed by the side and upper surfaces of the solid as the altitude of the sun increases. That is, the solar heat can be sufficiently absorbed regardless of the altitude of the sun. In this case, the larger the H-value, the higher the efficiency of water production by utilizing solar heat and the greater the amount of water produced per day even when the altitude of the sun is low. However, when the H-value is larger than 7, the height of the device itself becomes high, and the installation becomes unstable. Therefore, the H-value is usually 0.2 or more, preferably 0.4 or more, more preferably 0.5 to 8. The definition of the H-value is the height of the solid / (the length of the bottom of the solid), and the length of the bottom is the diameter if the shape of the base is a circle, or the ellipse (minor axis + major axis). / 2, which is defined as the average value of the length of each side in the case of a triangle or a quadrangle, and the average value of the lengths of the maximum and minimum diagonal lines in the case of a pentagon or larger polygon.

The shape of the three-dimensional body 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is in conformity with the object of the present invention. For example, foamed polystyrene, foamed phenol, foamed plastics such as urethane foam, molded products of general-purpose plastics such as polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene, molded products of plastic sheets, molded products of wood, molded products of metal plates, etc., In consideration of lightness, cost, easiness of manufacturing, corrosion resistance, heat insulation, etc., foamed plastic, a plastic molded product or a wood molded product is preferable. For the foamed plastic, a method of integrally molding by a foam molding method, a method of cutting and combining and adhering a foamed plate having a thickness of usually 3 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or more can be adopted. This method does not require a special mold and is suitable for small lot production. However, for production of a relatively large lot, ordinary plastic molding methods such as injection molding and extrusion molding are preferable. The thickness of the plastic sheet is usually 1 mm or more, preferably 1.5 mm or more, more preferably 2 to 3 mm. The sheet is formed by bending, fusing, adhering, or by extrusion or injection molding. Can be manufactured. This method is applicable to both small lots and large lots, and can be assembled at an actual user's place as needed. Either method can be adopted, and the optimum manufacturing method can be selected in terms of the number of lots, purpose, transportation to users, and the like.

The solid body 9 is installed on the tray 10. This is necessary to receive the raw water that falls from the solid. The size of the tray is not particularly limited as long as it has an area that allows all the three-dimensional objects to be used to be placed side by side. It may be circular or polygonal such as quadrangular or pentagonal. However, the saucer needs to have an internal volume that does not allow the stored raw water to spill, and for example, the circumference of the saucer must have a rim up to a certain height. The shape of the saucer is preferably a horizontal tray shape or a horizontal tray shape with a slight depression in the center in terms of installing a solid body, and the tray shape is circular, elliptical, polygonal, etc., and has the same shape as the tray 4 of the transparent dome. This is preferable because it is easier to install.

The surface of the solid body 9 is covered with a black cloth and / or a carbon material 8. This black cloth and / or carbon material is a good solar heat (light) absorbing material, and for the purposes of the present invention it must be sufficiently water-containing. The black cloth or carbon material covering the surface of the solid body is impregnated with raw water, and the sunlight irradiates the water, which raises the temperature of the black cloth or carbon material, which heats the water directly. The water evaporates and condenses on the inner surface of the transparent container to form water drops, which drop downward through the inner surface and are collected on the bottom surface of the container to obtain distilled water. In the present invention, the water absorption required for a black cloth or carbon material is usually preferably 200% or more, more preferably 300 to 700%. If the water absorption rate is less than 200%, it becomes difficult to uniformly absorb and wet the black cloth or the entire carbon material, and the water-making efficiency may be somewhat affected. On the other hand, if it exceeds 700%, uneven water absorption may occur, and water production efficiency may decrease due to an increase in heat capacity. For the water absorption, a sample having a dry weight: w0 was sufficiently immersed in water, allowed to stand on a mesh of about 10 mm for 30 minutes, and a wet weight: w1 was measured. Water absorption rate (%) = (w1-w0) / w0 Calculate with x100.

As the black cloth or carbon material used in the present invention, a commercially available black cloth or carbon material can be used. For example, as the black fabric, a black dyed product of a natural fiber such as cotton, hemp, or wool, a dyed product of a synthetic fiber such as polyester, acrylic, rayon, or nylon, or a carbon black or a black pigment is kneaded. Sown fibers can be used, and fiber structures such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, felts, moquettes, and cotton-like products can be used. Further, as carbon materials, there are materials such as charcoal, bamboo charcoal, sawdust charcoal, bagasse charcoal, paper charcoal, biomass charcoal, pitch-based carbon, petroleum-based carbon, etc., which are woven or knitted. It can be used in the form of a sheet, a felt, a cotton-like material, or a sheet-shaped molded body.

The thickness of the black cloth or carbon material is usually 0.3 mm or more, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, and more preferably 1 to 3 mm. If the thickness is less than 0.3 mm, the absorption of sunlight will be uneven, and the water-making performance of the total will be deteriorated. On the other hand, if it is thicker than 3 mm, the weight of the device itself increases, which may cause a problem in the durability of the device, and there is almost no effect on the water production performance. The basis weight (mass per 1 m2 area) of the felt or woven or knitted material is preferably 50 g or more, more preferably 100 g or more, and further preferably 150 to 400 g. The method of covering the three-dimensional object with such a material is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of covering the three-dimensional object with a target three-dimensional shape, or a method of covering the three-dimensional object with an adhesive or a double-sided tape on the three-dimensional surface The best method can be adopted depending on the materials to be combined, such as a method, a stapler, a pin, a screw, etc., a method of fixing in a dot shape or a line shape, a method of heat fusion in a dot shape or a line shape, etc. Select as appropriate.

A storage tank 17 for storing raw water may be provided inside the solid body 9. In the case of foam or wood, this storage tank can be made by making a hole from the top. Alternatively, if it is made of plastic, a solid body having a storage tank 17 installed on the upper portion as shown in FIG. 6A can be integrally molded. If the three-dimensional object is made of plastic sheet, metal plate, wood, etc., it can be used as a storage tank by putting a bottle, a plastic container, etc. inside (FIG. 6B). The raw water storage tank 17 or 22 can always supply the raw water necessary for evaporation for one day to several days from this storage tank, so that both efficiency improvement and labor reduction can be achieved.

In order to supply the raw water from the raw water storage tank 17 to the black cloth or the carbon material (that is, the solar heat absorbing material) 8 that covers the surface of the solid body 9, it is possible to use the water supply / water permeable material 18 excellent in the capillary phenomenon. As the water / water-permeable material, natural fibers / semi-synthetic fibers such as cotton, silk, rayon, paper, etc., synthetic fibers such as acrylic, nylon, polyester, rayon, etc., or carbon fiber etc. having a good water absorption property. One or more kinds selected from woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, string-shaped products, strip-shaped fabrics, cotton-shaped products, non-woven fabrics, or tubular products can be used. By this water supply / permeable material, raw water is always supplied from the storage tank to the solar heat absorbing material. In order to transport water by utilizing the capillary phenomenon, it is also preferable to hydrophilize the water absorbing / permeable material itself by a known method (plasma treatment, corona treatment, alkali treatment, acid treatment). The water supply rate can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the width, thickness and number of the water absorbing material. JISL1907 (Baylex method) is a method for quantitatively expressing the capillarity phenomenon of textile products and paper products, but having a proper water absorption in the present invention is usually preferably at least 2 cm (in this definition). / 10 minutes), more preferably at least 3 cm (/ 10 minutes). For example, a cotton cloth is about 10 cm, an acrylic fiber cloth is about 8 cm, a paper product is 10 cm or more, and synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon can be made hydrophilic to about 8 to 10 cm, which can be preferably used for the water supply material of the present invention. It is preferable that the water supply / permeable material 18 is integrated with the black cloth or the carbon material 8. Integral means that some part (preferably the central part of the material 8) is bonded, adhered, sewn, or knitted (preferably tubular knitting), partly knitted. By this, the material 8 and the material 18 are handled as one body, and installation and setting are facilitated.

The capacity of the raw water storage tank 17 or 22 is related to the total area of the bottoms of the polygonal columns: S (m2), but is at least 20 × S liter (L), preferably 30 × S (L) or more. If it is less than 20 × S (L), it may be consumed in the middle of the process of making water all day long, and the water may be lost, and if the raw water is not supplied, the water making will not continue. Further, in order to automatically supply the raw water from the outside to the raw water storage tank of the polygonal column, the raw water can be supplied from the external raw water tank through a pipe or tube by using the siphon phenomenon (FIG. 8). If the raw water is clogged and stored in the external raw water storage tank 20 to a certain level, the siphon action by the pipe 19 connected to the internal three-dimensional raw water storage tank 17 keeps a certain amount of water in the three-dimensional body. It Therefore, the supply of raw water from the raw water storage tank to the fabric 8 or the like on the three-dimensional side is always constant, and stable water evaporation is possible. Further, when the apparatus is not operated at night or the like, it is possible to drain the raw water in the solid inside by using a pipe communicating with the outside. It is one of the features of the device of the present invention that all of these things can be done without energy.

For the purpose of the present invention, an individual or one family (4-5 people) obtains the drinking water required for one day (the UN emergency water supply is 1 gallon / person / day). 1 m2 is enough. As for the actual size of the device, one or two devices with a total cubic area of 1 m2 in a transparent container are enough, even when considering spare parts such as cloudy days and maintenance for breakdowns. is there. This performance is usually 3-5 times higher than that of the conventionally proposed device. Further, in order to maximize the performance of the device, it is considered that a preferable example is one in which 20 to 30 square pillars having a base of 20 cm and a height of 0.5 to 2 m are arranged. Furthermore, by proportionally expanding the scale of the device of the present invention, it is possible to easily deal with a small village consisting of 100 to several hundred people.

To maximize efficiency, conventional equipment requires a mechanism that moves the equipment in accordance with the direction and movement of the sun (solar tracking: solar tracking) so that solar radiation directly hits the surface of the fresh water generator. However, in the present invention, by simply leaving it stationary (fixed), the maximum water producing effect can be obtained without moving the device in the direction of the sun. Very simple and inexpensive. It is a device. Further, since the device is lightweight, it is easy to assemble and move, and the greatest feature of the device of the present invention is that no labor is required for driving.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1
Four ribs made of bamboo higo with a diameter of 2 mm that had been preheated and distorted were used to form a dome-shaped object having a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 40 cm. The top of the rib was fixed with wire. The end surface of the rib was fixed to a hole having a diameter of 2.1 mm and a depth of 1.8 mm formed in the peripheral portion of a foamed phenol resin having a diameter of 45 cm and a thickness of 2 cm. A polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 30 μm was adhered to the entire upper part of the rib structure and the peripheral part of the tray with an adhesive so as to prevent wrinkles from forming a transparent dome. Then, using a polypropylene plate having a thickness of 2 mm, a regular square column having a side of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm and a bottom surface on one side and a regular square column having a side of 5 cm and a height of 5 cm and a bottom surface on one side are placed on each other. Bonding with a double-sided tape to form a solid body (quadratic prism) used in the present invention having a storage tank for raw water inside. Nine square pillars were arranged on a polypropylene tray having a diameter of 30 cm and a rim having a height of 2 cm at the periphery. Salt water with a salt concentration of 3.5% (pseudo seawater) was poured into the storage tank of raw water of a square column (3D) up to 1 cm from the top, and one end of the gauze cloth was dipped into the storage tank as a water absorbent material. The end was hung from the upper part to 10 cm along the side surface of the square pole. On the water-absorbent material, along the outer surface of the solid body, as a solar heat-absorbing material / water-evaporating material, as a black cloth, cotton moquette (standing length: 3 mm, basis weight: 250 g, water absorption rate: 450%) was used. This cloth was cut into the size of the upper surface and side surface of a quadrangular prism, and it was adhered to each side surface in a dot shape with an adhesive. Then, raw water having a salinity of 3.5% was thoroughly and thoroughly permeated into the moquette. During the test, the raw water was sucked up from the storage tank and wet the moquette without interruption. In the performance evaluation of this device, the weight (w1) of a quadrangular prism (three-dimensional) containing raw water and cloth and the polypropylene tray mounted on it, and the irradiation intensity (W) of the sun were measured at regular intervals. The change in the weight (w1) of the square pole + saucer was measured, and the evaporation rate of water was standardized to the values of the specified area and time by the following formula.
Evaporation rate (g / m2 / hr) = evaporation amount (g) / area (m2) / hour (hr)
Here, the area indicates the area of the bottom surface of the square pole. For the amount of solar radiation (solar energy) (w), an illuminance meter (SPM-SD manufactured by Sato Corporation) was placed on the ground, and the average value during the experiment time was used. The theoretical evaporation rate can be calculated by the following equation, assuming that the solar radiation energy of the sun at this time is completely utilized for evaporation of raw water. 860 is a unit conversion constant from watts to calories. The latent heat of vaporization of water uses the latent heat of vaporization at the temperature during measurement.
Theoretical evaporation rate (g / m2 / hr) = solar radiation intensity (w / m2 / hr) × 860 (cal / w) / evaporation latent heat of water (cal / g)
The solar energy utilization efficiency (%) is calculated by the following formula, which is a measure of how effectively solar energy can be used for evaporation of raw water. The higher this efficiency is, the higher the desalination performance of the device is.
Solar energy utilization efficiency (%) = evaporation rate (g / m2 / hr) / theoretical evaporation rate (g / m2 / hr) x 100
The experiment was conducted on a sunny afternoon in August. The solar radiation intensity (average value) was 751.7 w / Hr / m2, and the evaporation amount was 650.2 g. From this value, the solar heat utilization efficiency for water production was 266% (confirmation of the figure), which was far higher than the conventional water production performance (about 40% at maximum). The evaporated water condenses and drops inside the transparent dome, collects below, and is collected as distilled water. Although the salt content in the raw water is concentrated and remains in the raw water storage tank in the shape of a square pole, it can be optionally discharged to the outside through the drain pipe 16 to the outside.

A conventional distilled water desalination system using solar heat moves the device according to the direction and movement of the sun so that the solar radiation directly hits the water maker when maximizing the efficiency of the conventional device. A solar tracking mechanism was required, and it was essential to increase the size and cost of the device, making it difficult to put into practical use in terms of performance, manufacturing cost, operating cost, and operating technology. Without solar trekking, the water production capacity was insignificant. On the other hand, the device of the present invention need only be left stationary (fixed) regardless of the direction, and the maximum water producing effect can be obtained without moving the device in the direction of the sun. Great value on top. In other words, in order to obtain the drinking water (the emergency water supply of the United Nations is 1 gallon / person / day) required for one day by one person or one family (4 to 5 persons), which is the main purpose of the present invention, a small area is required. A device of about 1 m2 is sufficient (4 m2 was insufficient with the conventional device), and it is very advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost, installation cost or operation cost, and operation technology. In addition, because it is lightweight and easy to fold, it is extremely easy to move and transport. Therefore, it is a coral reef country that does not have sufficient drinking water, a country that does not have enough facilities and energy for drinking water production, an area, a refugee camp, an emergency device such as a small boat in an emergency, or a developed country. However, in areas where electricity and drinking water are temporarily stopped due to large-scale disasters such as floods and earthquakes, there is great value for personal, family, and small group use.

1. Dome aggregate 2. Aggregate fixing part 3. Aggregate tip 4. Saucer 5. Receiving hole at the tip of aggregate 6. Transparent plastic sheet or film 7. Transparent dome (whole)
8. Black fabric and / or carbon material 9. Columnar and / or conical solid 10. Internal saucer 11. Conical saucer 12. Hemispherical saucer 13. Oval spherical saucer 14. Polygonal-shaped saucer 15. Flat tray tray 16. Distilled water withdrawal pipe 17. Storage tank for raw water inside the solid 18. Water supply material 19. Pipe for supplying raw water from outside the dome 20. The raw water reservoir outside the dome is shown.

Claims (8)

A plurality of curved aggregates (ribs) 1, the aggregates are fixed at apexes 2, and the tips 3 of the aggregates are fixed at receiving holes 5 provided in the peripheral portion of the tray 4, A transparent dome 7 having a transparent plastic sheet or film 6 on the upper or lower part of the material, and a columnar and / or weight-shaped solid body 9 whose inside is covered with a black fabric and / or a carbon material 8; Also, a distilled water demineralizer using solar heat, characterized in that it has an internal tray 10 for installing the solid body. A distilled water desalination apparatus, wherein the structure of the aggregate 1 has a tent structure or a structure of a vinyl umbrella aggregate. The distilled water desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tray 4 is a conical shape 11, a hemispherical shape 12, an elliptic shape 13, a part of a polygonal cone shape 14, or a flat tray shape 15. The distilled water desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 3, further comprising a pipe 16 for withdrawing distilled water stored in a bottom portion of the saucer 4. The distilled water desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the solids 9 are provided. The distilled water desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solid body 9 has a raw water storage tank 17 inside the solid body. 7. The raw water storage tank 17 comprises a black cloth covering a solid and / or a water supply material 18 for supplying raw water to the carbon material 8 by a capillarity phenomenon, according to claim 1 or 6. Distilled water demineralizer. The distillation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: a pipe 19 for supplying raw water to the raw water storage tank 17 from outside the transparent dome 7, a raw water supply tank 20, and a jig 21 for setting the raw water supply tank. Water desalination equipment.