JP2020066853A - Wooden building component - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a wooden building component such as columns and beams capable of easily constructing load-bearing parts each having various dimensions while ensuring fire resistance.SOLUTION: A pillar 100 as an example of a wooden building component includes: a load-bearing part 120 that supports the load; and a non-burning layer 140 of at least one layer covering the outer circumference of the load-bearing part 120 over its entire length. The load-bearing part 120 includes multiple long basic units 120A made of wood with a rectangular cross-section, which are aligned along the axial direction and integrated by fasteners such as synthetic adhesives and bolts.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a wooden building member such as a pillar or a beam for constructing a framework of a wooden building.

  In order to satisfy the performance required for a wooden fireproof building, as described in “Guidelines for maintenance of wooden fireproof buildings in government facilities” (Non-Patent Document 1), a load supporting portion that is a main part in terms of structural strength. It is well known to cover the periphery of the with a fireproof coating (stop flame layer) made of gypsum board or the like.

"Guideline for the maintenance of wooden fireproof buildings in government facilities", [online], March 29, 2013, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Ministry of Public Affairs and Government, Repair Department, [October 9, 2018 Search], Internet <URL: http : //www.mlit.go.jp/common/000993924.pdf>

  By the way, since wooden building members such as columns and beams have different loads to be supported depending on, for example, the scale of a wooden building, load supporting portions having various outer dimensions (cross-sectional areas) are required. However, in the conventional technique, the load supporting portion is integrally formed of a solid material, a laminated material, or the like, so that it is not possible to easily meet this demand.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wooden building member capable of easily constructing load supporting portions having various outer dimensions while ensuring fire resistance.

  The wooden building member has a load supporting portion and a flame-retardant layer that covers at least three sides of the load supporting portion along its entire length. The load supporting portion is integrated by a fastener in a state where a plurality of basic units made of wood having a long rectangular cross section are arranged along the material axis direction.

  According to the present invention, in a wooden building member having a load supporting portion and a flame-retardant layer, by appropriately changing the number and arrangement of the basic units, the load supporting portion having various outer dimensions while ensuring fire resistance performance. Can be easily constructed.

It is a perspective view of a 1st embodiment of a pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden construction member. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the pillar which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view showing a column according to the first embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the pillar according to the first embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view of 2nd Embodiment of the pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden building member. It is a transverse cross section showing the 1st modification of the pillar concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is a transverse cross section showing the 2nd modification of the pillar concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is a transverse cross section showing the 3rd modification of the pillar concerning a 2nd embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view of 3rd Embodiment of the pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden building member. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the pillar which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a transverse cross section of a 4th embodiment of the pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden building member. It is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the beam mentioned as another example of a wooden building member. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the modification of the beam mentioned as another example of a wooden building member.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a pillar 100 which is an example of a wooden building member.

  The pillar 100 whose material axis extends in the vertical direction has a load supporting portion 120 that supports a load, and a flame-retardant layer 140 that covers the outer periphery of the load supporting portion 120 over its entire length. In addition, in the pillar 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, two flame-retardant layers 140 are provided, but the number of layers is not limited to two, and for example, the number of layers is appropriately set according to required fire resistance performance. You can decide. Further, “vertical” is not limited to complete vertical, and may be such that it can be recognized as vertical in appearance (hereinafter, the same applies to directions).

  The load supporting portion 120 is a structural member that is integrated by fasteners (not shown) in a state in which a plurality of basic units 120A made of wood having a long rectangular cross section are arranged along the material axis direction. The load supporting portion 120 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 is constructed integrally by a fastener in a state where the long sides of two basic units 120A having a rectangular cross section are in contact with each other. The load supporting portion 120 is not limited to the two basic units 120A having a rectangular cross section, and three or more basic units 120A having a rectangular cross section and a square cross section are provided on the absolute condition that required strength can be secured. 2 or more basic units 120A (see FIG. 4) having the above, or a combination thereof.

  Here, the “rectangle” is a rectangle in which all the corners are right angles, but it may be a rectangle that can be visually recognized (hereinafter, the same applies to the shape). Further, as the wood, solid wood or laminated wood, which is generally used in wooden structures, can be used. Further, the fastener may be, for example, a synthetic adhesive, a bolt, a drift pin, a band, or the like, so that when the compressive force acts in the axial direction of the basic unit 120A, the basic unit 120A does not buckle and deform outward. Etc. can be used.

  The flame-retardant layer 140 is made of a non-combustible material or a flame-retardant material specified by the Building Standards Law. Here, as the "non-combustible material", a gypsum board having a thickness of 9 mm or more (a board base paper having a thickness of 0.6 mm or less), a wood wool cement board having a thickness of 15 mm or more, a thickness of 9 mm or more Hard wood chip cement board (having a bulk specific gravity of 0.9 or more), wood chip cement board having a thickness of 30 mm or more (bulk specific gravity of 0.5 or more), pulp cement board having a thickness of 6 mm or more can do. As the "flame-retardant material", flame-retardant plywood with a thickness of 5.5 mm or more, gypsum board with a thickness of 7 mm or more (board raw paper having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less), etc. can be used. . When gypsum board is used as the non-combustible material or the flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant layer 140 can be constructed using a material that is widely used in buildings and that is inexpensive and has high fire resistance. The flame-retardant layer 140 should be fixed to the periphery of the load supporting portion 120 by a weak joining method such that various loads acting on the load supporting portion 120 are not transmitted, specifically, nailing, a synthetic adhesive or the like. You can

  The flame-retardant layer 140 can be formed, for example, by joining the ends of a rectangular plate material at right angles by a stabbing, a staking, a mortar insertion, or the like. Here, "Tsumugi" is a joining method that cuts and joins the openings of two plate materials at 45 °, and "dashing patch" is a method of processing the openings of two plate materials at a right angle and one of the plate materials. The joining method of butting and joining one plate material to the other plate material, "Ootsugi" is a joining method of digging a groove on the side surface of one plate material and inserting the mouth of the other plate material into the groove to join. In any joining method, the two plate materials are fixed by using a nail or an adhesive.

Next, the operation of the pillar 100 will be described.
When a fire occurs in a wooden building and the fire spreads from the outside of the pillar 100, the unstoppable layer 140 is first exposed to the flame. Since the flame-retardant layer 140 is made of a non-combustible material or a flame-retardant material, even if it is exposed to a flame, it does not burn out easily and in a short time, and the load supporting portion 120 arranged inside thereof is exposed to the flame. Can slow down the time. In addition, since the load supporting portion 120 mainly supports the load of the wooden building, it is possible to easily design the structural strength.

  When a gypsum board is used as the burn-out layer 140, since the gypsum board contains crystal water corresponding to about 21% of the weight, when the gypsum board is exposed to a flame or heat, thermal decomposition occurs and water vapor is generated. The temperature of the load supporting portion 120 is limited to the boiling point of water or less, because the temperature is maintained at the boiling point of water (about 100 ° C.) until all the crystal water of the gypsum board is discharged. Therefore, the progress of carbonization of the load support portion 120 can be moderated for the temperature limitation time of the gypsum board.

  Since the load supporting portion 120 is integrated by a fastener in a state in which a plurality of basic units 120A are arranged along the material axis direction, various types can be obtained by appropriately changing the number and arrangement of the basic units 120A to be used. It is possible to easily construct the load supporting portion 120 having various outer dimensions. Therefore, for example, it is possible to construct the pillar 100 having a strength according to the scale of a wooden building, and it is possible to meet various demands of the market.

FIG. 5: has shown 2nd Embodiment of the pillar 100 mentioned as an example of a wooden construction member.
Here, since the pillar 100 according to the second embodiment has almost the same configuration as the pillar 100 according to the first embodiment, a configuration different from the first embodiment will be mainly described (the same applies hereinafter). .

  In the load supporting portion 120, a reinforcing member 160 made of, for example, a building steel material such as SS400 is interposed on the joint surface of the plurality of basic units 120A. The reinforcing member 160 is made of a rectangular steel material having the same shape as the joint surface of the basic unit 120A in a plan view, and is firmly fixed between the two basic units 120A with, for example, a synthetic adhesive. In addition, in the case of the load supporting portion 120 as shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 6, a reinforcing member 160 having a cross cross section along the joint surface of the four basic units 120A may be used.

  In this way, since the reinforcing member 160 made of steel for construction is arranged on the joint surface of the two basic units 120A, the strength of the load supporting portion 120 is increased, and a larger load can be supported. Become. Further, since the reinforcing member 160 is made of a building steel material having a higher thermal conductivity than wood, for example, the heat of the flame transmitted to the reinforcing member 160 is dispersed and the basic unit 120A of the basic unit 120A that is in surface contact with the reinforcing member 160. The temperature distribution is equalized. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a part of the load supporting portion 120 from being heated to a temperature higher than that of the other part, and to suppress the progress of carbonization in that part.

  In order to improve the strength of the pillar 100, particularly the buckling strength, ribs 162 made of the same material as the reinforcing member 160 are provided at both ends of the reinforcing member 160 arranged between the two basic units 120A, as shown in FIG. May be joined to each other. The rib 162 has a rectangular shape that follows one side surface of the two basic units 120A arranged side by side, and is joined to both side ends of the reinforcing member 160 by welding or the like. Therefore, the reinforcing member 160 becomes a member having an H-shaped (I-shaped) cross section due to the ribs 162. In the case of the load supporting portion 120 as shown in FIG. 4, as shown in FIG. 8, the ribs 162 may be joined to both side ends of one of the two plate members forming the cross-shaped reinforcing member 160. . With this configuration, both sides of the reinforcing member 160 along one direction are opened to the outside, and thus the basic unit 120A can be fitted into the recess of the reinforcing member 160 through the opening, and the load supporting portion can be fitted. It is possible to prevent the manufacturing of 120 from becoming difficult.

FIG. 9: has shown 3rd Embodiment of the pillar 100 mentioned as an example of a wooden construction member.
An air layer 180 filled with air that exhibits a heat insulation performance that is 10,000 times better than that of metal is provided between the two non-burning layers 140. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of spacers 200 extending along the material axis direction over the entire length of the pillar 100 are fixed between the two layers of the flame-retardant layers 140, and the two layers of the flame-retardant elements are provided. By separating the layers 140 by the thickness of the spacers 200, an air layer 180 filled with air is provided. In the pillar 100 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, an air layer 180 is formed between the two non-stop layers 140 by a pair of spacers 200 that are spaced apart and extend in parallel on each outer surface of the in-stop set layers 140. Although they are formed, the number and installation positions can be set arbitrarily.

  With this configuration, even if the non-burning layer 140 arranged on the outside is exposed to the flame and the temperature rises, the air layer 180 arranged on the inside functions as a heat insulating material, and the air layer 180 The temperature rise of the incineration stop layer 140 arranged inward is moderated. Therefore, as compared with the pillar 100 in which the air layer 180 is not provided, the fire resistance performance of the pillar 100 can be further improved. Moreover, since the upper end and the lower end of the pillar 100 are joined to other building members by a known joint metal, when the air in the air layer 180 is heated by a flame, the flow of air from the lower end to the upper end of the pillar 100. Occurs. Therefore, the air in the air layer 180 is replaced, and the temperature rise can be suppressed.

  When a gypsum board is used as the flame-retardant layer 140, the rise in temperature of the gypsum board placed inside is suppressed, so that the generation of crystal water is moderated and the function as the flame-retardant layer 140 is sufficiently exerted. You will be able to demonstrate.

  The spacer 200 is not limited to the structure extending along the material axis direction over the entire length of the column 100, and for example, the structure extending around the flame-retardant layer 140 in the cross section of the column 100, and a part thereof is cut off. It may be configured. In short, the spacer 200 may have any shape and arrangement as long as the air layer 180 can be formed between the two non-burning layers 140.

FIG. 11: has shown 4th Embodiment of the pillar 100 mentioned as an example of a wooden construction member.
A heat-foaming material 220 that starts thermal expansion at a predetermined temperature or higher to form a strong heat insulating layer is provided between the two non-burning layers 140. The heat-foamable material 220 fills the gap by thermal expansion to exert a heat insulating effect, and also suppresses the supply of air (oxygen) to the flame-retardant layer 140 arranged inside. As the heat-foamable material 220, for example, "parsol" manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., "thermal expansion refractory material" manufactured by CRK Co., Ltd., or the like can be used.

  In this way, when the flame-retardant layer 140 disposed on the outside is exposed to the flame and the temperature rises to some extent, the heat-foamable material 220 disposed on the inside expands and fills the gap, resulting in a heat insulating effect. And the temperature rise of the non-burning layer 140 arranged inside the heated foam material 220 is moderated. Further, since the periphery of the non-burning layer 140 arranged inward is covered with the expanded heated foam material 220 without any gap, the supply of air to the non-burning layer 140 is suppressed, and the progress of carbonization thereof is suppressed. Can be delayed. Therefore, the fire resistance performance of the pillar 100 can be further improved as compared with the pillar 100 in which the heated foam material 220 is not provided. In particular, when a gypsum board is used as the flame-retardant layer 140, the rise in temperature of the gypsum board placed inside is suppressed, so that the generation of crystal water is slowed down, and the function of the flame-retardant layer 140 is reduced. Will be able to fully demonstrate.

  The technical features described in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment described above can be applied to the pillar 100 shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a beam 300 that can be mentioned as another example of a wooden building member.
Similar to the pillar 100, the beam 300 whose material axis extends in the horizontal direction includes at least one layer of a burn supporting portion 230 that supports a load and at least one layer that covers three sides of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320 over the entire length thereof. And a dead layer 340. That is, the beam 300 functionally has a configuration similar to that of the column 100, but since the beams 300 support various loads on one surface of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320, the flame-retardant layer 340 is provided on both sides of the load supporting portion 320. Cover only the face and bottom. At this time, the upper surface of the load supporting portion 320 is joined to the floor material 500 made of an incombustible material or the like and is not directly exposed to the flame at the time of a fire, and therefore the beam 300 of the beam 300 is not provided here even if it is not provided. There is no effect on fire resistance. The load supporting portion 320 is constructed by integrating two basic units 320A made of wood having a long rectangular cross section along the material axis direction by a fastener (not shown).

  In addition, in the beam 300, in order to prevent the flame-retardant layer 340 from easily falling off from the load supporting portion 320 due to gravity, for example, a well-known fastener such as a bolt and a nut is used, and the load supporting portion 320 and the flame-retarding portion are stopped. It is desirable to integrate layer 340. In the beam 300 shown in FIG. 12, two flame-retardant layers 340 are provided, but the number of layers is not limited to two, and for example, the number of layers may be appropriately determined according to the required fire resistance performance. You can

  Since the load supporting portion 320 and the non-burning layer 340 of the beam 300 are similar to the load supporting portion 120 and the non-burning layer 140 of the column 100, detailed description thereof will be omitted for the purpose of eliminating redundant description. Further, since the operation and effect of the beam 300 are similar to those of the column 100, detailed description thereof will be omitted for the purpose of eliminating redundant description. See pillar 100 description if necessary.

  Further, the beam 300 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 12, and as shown in FIG. 13, the flame stop layer 340 may cover four sides of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320. In short, in the beam 300, it is sufficient that at least three sides of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320 are covered with the non-burn layer 340.

  Similar to the second to fourth embodiments of the pillar 100, a reinforcing member made of steel for construction, an air layer, and a heat-foaming material may be provided at predetermined locations on the beam 300. Further, the load supporting portion 320 of the beam 300 is not limited to the two basic units 320A having a rectangular cross section, and three or more basic units 320A having a rectangular cross section are absolute conditions that the required strength can be ensured. , Two or more basic units 320A having a square cross section, or a combination thereof.

  Here, in each of the embodiments, in order to further improve the fire resistance of the wooden building member, the load supporting portions 120 and 320 may be constructed from a non-combustible liquid agent carcinogenic wood. When two layers of the flame-retardant layers 140 and 340 are provided, aluminum foil (not shown) may be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the flame-retardant layers 140 and 340 arranged inward. By doing so, a part of the heat acting on the flame-retardant layers 140, 340 arranged inward is reflected by the aluminum foil, and the progress of carbonization of the load supporting portions 120, 320 can be made more gradual. Furthermore, in order to improve the appearance of the pillars 100 and the beams 300, for example, fireproof coating may be applied or a cloth having fireproof performance may be attached to the outer peripheral surfaces of the flameproof layers 140 and 340.

  The present invention can be applied not only to the pillars 100 and the beams 300 as wooden building members but also to braces and joists.

100 columns (wooden building components)
120 Load-bearing part 120A Basic unit 140 Flame-retardant layer 160 Reinforcement member 162 Rib 180 Air layer 220 Heat-foaming material 300 Beam (wooden building member)
320 load supporting part 320A basic unit 340 anti-combustion layer

The wooden building member has a load supporting portion, a non-burning layer that covers at least three sides of the outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length, and a reinforcing member made of a building steel material . Then, the load supporting unit has a plurality of basic units made of wood having a long rectangular cross section along the material axis direction, two in the first direction on the cross section of the basic unit, and a second unit orthogonal to the first direction. In the state where at least one is aligned in the direction of, the fasteners are integrated. Further, the reinforcing member has a shape in which a pair of ribs that are interposed between the joint surfaces of the plurality of basic units and that are in contact with the outer surface of the basic unit located at the outermost position in the second direction are integrated.

Claims (5)

A load support unit integrated by a fastener in a state where a plurality of basic units made of wood having a long and rectangular cross section are arranged along the material axis direction,
A non-combustion layer that covers at least three sides of the outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length,
Wooden building member having. The flame-retardant layer is made of gypsum board,
The wooden building member according to claim 1. A reinforcing member made of steel for construction is interposed at least on the joint surface of the plurality of basic units,
The wooden building member according to claim 1 or 2. At least two layers of the flame-retardant layer are arranged,
An air layer is provided between the non-burning layers,
The wooden building member according to any one of claims 1 to 3. At least two layers of the flame-retardant layer are arranged,
A heating foam material is provided between the non-burning layers,
The wooden building member according to any one of claims 1 to 3.