JP2020066852A - Wooden building component - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a wooden building component capable of forming the outer dimensions of the cross-section compact while ensuring the fire resistance performance.SOLUTION: A pillar 100 as an example of a wooden building component includes: a load-bearing part 120 made of a long wood with rectangular cross-section; a burning layer 140 made of wood covering the outer circumference of the load-bearing part 120 over its entire length; and a non-burning layer 160 provided between load-bearing part 120 and burning layer 140. The pillar 100 is further provided with a heating foam material 180 between the non-burning layer 160 and the burning layer 140. When at least two layers of the non-burning layer 160 are provided, the heated foam material 180 may be provided between the two non-burning layers 160.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a wooden building member such as a pillar or a beam for constructing a framework of a wooden building.

  As a wooden building member having fire resistance performance, as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-34437 (Patent Document 1), a wooden load supporting portion that supports a load, a flame-retardant layer that surrounds the load supporting portion, and a burn A wooden building member having a wood burnable layer surrounding the perforation layer has been proposed. As this non-combustion layer, non-combustible wood board, gypsum board, wood wool cement board, mortar, stone material, glass, fiber reinforced cement, various metal materials, calcium silicate, rock wool, glass wool, serangan batu, jara, bongosi etc. It is used.

JP, 2015-34437, A

  By the way, the Building Standard Law stipulates fire resistance (fire resistance time) according to the number of floors of a building. When constructing a large-scale wooden building that complies with the Building Standards Law, in order to delay the burnout of the load-bearing part that secures the structural strength, the anti-combustion layer surrounding the load-bearing part must be thickened. If the flame-retardant layer is made thicker, the outer size (cross-sectional area) of the wooden building member that encloses it will increase, which may lead to a decrease in workability and an increase in weight.

  Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wooden building member that can have a compact outer dimension in a cross section even when ensuring fire resistance.

  The wooden building member according to the first aspect is a load supporting portion made of wood having a long and rectangular cross section, and a burnable layer made of wood covering at least three sides of the load supporting portion along its entire length, And a non-burning layer provided between the load supporting portion and the burn-up layer. And in the wooden building member which concerns on a 1st aspect, the heat foaming material is further provided between the flame-retardant layer and the combustion allowance layer.

  A wooden building member according to a second aspect is a load supporting portion made of wood having a long and rectangular cross section, and a burnable layer made of wood covering at least three sides of an outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length, And at least two non-combustion layers provided between the load supporting portion and the combustion margin layer. And in the wooden construction member which concerns on a 2nd aspect, the heat foaming material is further provided between at least 2 layers of non-combustion layers.

  According to the present invention, the outer dimensions in the cross section can be made compact even if the fire resistance is secured.

It is a perspective view of a 1st embodiment of a pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden construction member. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of the pillar which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view showing a column according to the first embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view of 2nd Embodiment of the pillar mentioned as an example of a wooden building member. It is a cross-sectional view of 1st Embodiment of the beam given as another example of a wooden construction member. It is a cross-sectional view of 2nd Embodiment of the beam given as another example of a wooden building member. It is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the beam according to the first embodiment. It is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the beam according to the second embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the 1st modification of a spacer. It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd modification of a spacer. It is a perspective view which shows the 3rd modification of a spacer.

Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a pillar 100 which is an example of a wooden building member.

  The pillar 100 whose material axis extends in the vertical direction includes a load support portion 120 that supports a load, a burn margin layer 140 that covers the outer circumference of the load support portion 120 over its entire length, the load support portion 120, and the burn margin layer 140. And at least one non-combustion layer 160 provided between and. In the pillar 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, two flame-retardant layers 160 are provided, but the number of layers is not limited to two, and for example, the number of layers is appropriately determined according to the required fire resistance performance. be able to. Here, “vertical” is not limited to complete vertical, but may be such that it can be visually recognized as vertical (hereinafter, the same applies to directions).

  The load support portion 120 is made of wood having a long and rectangular cross section, and has a cross-sectional area capable of ensuring the strength required according to the scale of a wooden building. Here, the “rectangle” is a rectangle in which all the corners are right angles, but it may be a rectangle that can be visually recognized (hereinafter, the same applies to the shape). Further, as the wood, solid wood or laminated wood, which is generally used in wooden structures, can be used.

  The burn-up layer 140 is made of wood having a predetermined thickness t in the cross section of the pillar 100, appears on the surface of the pillar 100 to improve the appearance, and is a member that is exposed to a flame and carbonized first. The predetermined thickness t of the burn-up layer 140 may be a thickness that does not burn off in at least one hour depending on the carbonization rate of the material. Specifically, when the burn-up layer 140 is made of laminated wood, the carbonization rate of the laminated wood is about 0.8 mm / min. Therefore, the predetermined thickness t is 0.8 × 60 = 48.0 mm or more. do it. In this way, at least one hour is required until the burn-in layer 140 is completely burned down, so that the burn-in layer 140 alone can exhibit some degree of fire resistance. Note that the thickness t of the burn-up layer 140 can be arbitrarily determined as long as the flame-retardant layer 160, which will be described in detail later, can secure the fire resistance.

  The flame-retardant layer 160 is made of a non-combustible material or a flame-retardant material specified by the Building Standards Law. Here, as the "non-combustible material", a gypsum board having a thickness of 9 mm or more (a board base paper having a thickness of 0.6 mm or less), a wood wool cement board having a thickness of 15 mm or more, a thickness of 9 mm or more Hard wood chip cement board (having a bulk specific gravity of 0.9 or more), wood chip cement board having a thickness of 30 mm or more (bulk specific gravity of 0.5 or more), pulp cement board having a thickness of 6 mm or more can do. As the "flame-retardant material", flame-retardant plywood with a thickness of 5.5 mm or more, gypsum board with a thickness of 7 mm or more (board raw paper having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less), etc. can be used. . If gypsum board is used as the non-combustible material or the flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant layer 160 can be constructed using a material that is widely used in buildings and that is inexpensive and has high fire resistance. In addition, the flame-retardant layer 160 should be fixed to the periphery of the load supporting portion 120 by a weak joining method such that various loads acting on the load supporting portion 120 are not transmitted, specifically, nailing or a synthetic adhesive. You can

  The burning margin layer 140 and the unburnt layer 160 can be formed by, for example, joining the end portions of a rectangular plate material at right angles by a stabbing, a staking, a large insertion. Here, "Tsumugi" is a joining method that cuts and joins the openings of two plate materials at 45 °, and "dashing patch" is a method of processing the openings of two plate materials at a right angle and one of the plate materials. The joining method of butting and joining one plate material to the other plate material, "Ootsugi" is a joining method of digging a groove on the side surface of one plate material and inserting the mouth of the other plate material into the groove to join. In any joining method, the two plate materials are fixed by using a nail or an adhesive.

  On the premise of such a pillar 100, a heat-foaming material 180 that starts thermal expansion at a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature to form a strong heat insulating layer is provided between the burn-off layer 160 and the burn-up layer 140. The heat-foamable material 180 fills the gap by thermal expansion and exerts a heat insulating effect, and also suppresses the supply of air (oxygen) to the flame-stop layer 160 disposed inside thereof. As the heat-foamable material 180, for example, "parsol" manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., "heat-expandable refractory material" manufactured by CRK Corporation, or the like can be used.

  A plurality of spacers 200 extending in the material axis direction over the entire length of the pillar 100 are arranged between the burn-out layer 160 and the burn-in margin layer 140 in order to ensure the bond between the burn-out layer 160 and the burn-in layer 140. It is set up. Then, by separating the flame-stop layer 160 and the burn-in layer 140 by the thickness of the spacer 200, a space for providing the heating foam material 180 is formed inside the pillar 100, and the heating foam material 180 is filled therein. To be done. In short, a plurality of spacers 200 are arranged in the portion where the heat-foamable material 180 is provided, and the joint strength between the burn-stop layer 160 and the burn-up layer 140 is secured. In the pillar 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, for each surface of the flame-retardant layer 160 having a rectangular outer shape, the heating foam material 180 is provided by a pair of spacers 200 spaced apart and extending in parallel at both ends of the surface. Although the space is formed, the number and the installation position can be arbitrarily determined. As the spacer 200, it is preferable to use a material that does not generate toxic gas even when exposed to a flame, such as wood or the same member as the flame-retardant layer 160. If the heat-foamable material 180 can secure the joint strength between the flame-retardant layer 160 and the burn-up layer 140, the spacer 200 may not be used (the same applies hereinafter).

Next, the operation of the pillar 100 will be described.
When a fire occurs in the wooden structure and the fire spreads from the outside of the pillar 100, the burnable layer 140 is exposed to the flame, and the carbonization gradually progresses from the outer periphery to the inner side.

  At this time, when the combustion allowance layer 140 is exposed to the flame and the temperature rises to some extent, the heated foam material 180 arranged inside thereof expands and fills the gap to exert a heat insulating effect, and the combustion allowance layer 140 The heat is less likely to be burnt off and transferred to the layer 160. Further, since the periphery of the flame-retardant layer 160 is covered with the expanded heat-foamed material 180 without any gap, the supply of air to the flame-retardant layer 160 is suppressed, and the progress of carbonization thereof can be delayed. Therefore, the temperature rise of the flame-retardant layer 160 and the progress of carbonization become slow, and the fire resistance performance of the pillar 100 can be improved.

  When the entire burn-in layer 140 burns down over a period of time according to the thickness of the burn-in layer 140, the non-burning layer 160 covered with the heated foam material 180 appears inside and burns there. Progress is suppressed. In this process, since the load supporting portion 120 is covered with at least the flame-retardant layer 160, the load supporting portion 120 is not directly exposed to the flame, the carbonization proceeds extremely slowly, and is not burned in a short time.

  When a gypsum board is used as the flame-retardant layer 160, the gypsum board contains crystal water corresponding to about 21% of the weight, and therefore, when exposed to a flame or heat, thermal decomposition occurs and water vapor is generated. The temperature of the load supporting portion 120 is limited to the boiling point of water or less, because the temperature is maintained at the boiling point of water (about 100 ° C.) until all the crystal water of the gypsum board is discharged. Then, the progress of carbonization of the load support portion 120 can be moderated by the time obtained by adding the burn-out time of the burnable stock layer 140, the heat insulation effect exertion time by the heating foam material 180, and the temperature restriction time by the gypsum board.

  Further, since the surface of the pillar 100 is covered with the burning margin layer 140 made of wood, the heated foam material 180 is not exposed to the outside, and the appearance of the pillar 100 can be secured. Furthermore, since the heat-foamable material 180 expands and exhibits good heat insulation performance, it is possible to improve the fire resistance performance of the pillar 100 without making it thick, and the outer dimensions of the pillar 100 in cross section can be made compact. can do.

  Therefore, even if the fire resistance of the pillar 100 is ensured, the outer dimension of the pillar 100 in the cross section can be made compact. Further, since the load supporting portion 120 mainly supports the load of the wooden building, the design of the structural yield strength is facilitated and the wooden building does not collapse even if the burnable layer 140 is completely burned down.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the pillar 100, which is an example of a wooden building member.
Here, the pillar 100 according to the second embodiment has almost the same configuration as the pillar 100 according to the first embodiment, and therefore, the configuration, action, and effect different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  In the pillar 100, a heating foam material 180 that starts thermal expansion at a predetermined temperature or higher to form a strong heat insulating layer is provided between the two non-burning layers 160. Specifically, the spacer 200 similar to the pillar 100 according to the first embodiment is disposed between the two layers of the flame-retardant layer 160, and the two layers of the flame-retardant layer 160 are separated by the thickness of the spacer 200. As a result, a space for providing the heat-foamable material 180 is formed, and the heat-foamable material 180 is filled therein. In the pillar 100 shown in FIG. 4, with respect to each surface of the flame-retardant layer 160 having a rectangular outer shape arranged inward, the pair of spacers 200 spaced apart at both ends of the surface and extending in parallel to the outside thereof. A space is formed between the arranged flame-retardant layer 160, but the number and installation position of the space can be arbitrarily determined.

  In this way, when the flame-retardant layer 160 located on the outer side is exposed to the flame and the temperature rises to a certain extent, the heat-foamed material 180 arranged on the inner side expands to fill the gap and provide a heat insulating effect. This is exhibited, and the temperature rise of the non-burning layer 160 arranged inside the heating foam material 180 is moderated. In particular, when the gypsum board is used as the flame-retardant layer 160, the temperature rise of the gypsum board disposed inside is suppressed, so that the generation of crystal water is slowed and the function of the flame-retardant layer 160 is reduced. Will be able to fully demonstrate.

FIG. 5: has shown 1st Embodiment of the beam 300 given as another example of a wooden construction member.
Similar to the pillar 100, the beam 300 whose material axis extends in the horizontal direction includes a load supporting portion 320 that supports a load, and a burn margin layer 340 that covers three of the cross sections of the load supporting portion 320 over the entire length thereof. , And at least one non-combustion layer 360 provided between the load supporting portion 320 and the combustion allowance layer 340. That is, the beam 300 functionally has a configuration similar to that of the pillar 100, but since the beam 300 supports various loads on one surface (upper surface) of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320, the burn-up layer 340 is formed in the load supporting portion. Only the both side surfaces and the lower surface of 320 are covered. At this time, the upper surface of the load supporting portion 320 is joined to the floor material 500 made of an incombustible material or the like, and is not directly exposed to the flame at the time of fire, so the burn margin layer 340 and the non-burn layer 360 are not provided here. However, the fire resistance of the beam 300 is not affected.

  On the premise of such a beam 300, a heat-foaming material 380 is provided between the burn-stop layer 360 and the burn-up layer 340 to start thermal expansion at a predetermined temperature or higher to form a strong heat insulating layer. That is, a plurality of spacers 400 extending in the material axis direction over the entire length of the beam 300 are provided between the burn-stop layer 360 and the burn-up margin layer 340 in order to ensure the joint between the burn-stop layer 360 and the burn-up margin layer 340. Is provided. Then, by separating the flame-stop layer 360 and the burn-in layer 340 by the thickness of the spacer 400, a space for providing the heating foam material 380 is formed inside the beam 300, and the heating foam material 380 is filled therein. To be done. In the beam 300 shown in FIG. 5, with respect to the three surfaces (both side surfaces and the lower surface) of the flame-retardant layer 360, a space for providing the heating foam material 380 is provided by a pair of spacers 400 that are spaced apart and extend in parallel at both ends of the surface. Although they are formed, the number of them and the installation positions can be arbitrarily determined. As the spacer 400, it is preferable to use a material that does not generate toxic gas even when exposed to a flame, such as wood and the same member as the flame-retardant layer 360.

  Further, in the beam 300, in order to prevent the burn-in layer 340, the burn-out layer 360, and the heated foam material 380 from easily falling off from the load supporting portion 320 due to gravity, known fasteners such as bolts and nuts are used. It is desirable to integrate the load supporting portion 320, the burn-up layer 340, the flame-stop layer 360, and the heat-foamable material 380 by using them. In the beam 300 shown in FIG. 5, two flame-retardant layers 360 are provided, but the number of layers is not limited to two, and the number of layers may be appropriately determined according to required fire resistance performance, for example. You can

  Since the load support portion 320, the burn-up layer 340, and the burn-out layer 360 of the beam 300 are the same as the load support portion 120, the burn-out layer 140, and the burn-out layer 160 of the column 100, for the purpose of eliminating duplicate description, Detailed description thereof will be omitted. Further, since the operation and effect of the beam 300 are similar to those of the column 100, detailed description thereof will be omitted for the purpose of eliminating redundant description. See pillar 100 description if necessary.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a beam 300 that is mentioned as another example of a wooden building member.
Here, since the beam 300 according to the second embodiment has almost the same configuration as the beam 300 according to the first embodiment, the configuration, action, and effect different from those of the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  In the beam 300, a heat-foaming material 380 is provided between the two non-burning layers 360 to start thermal expansion at a predetermined temperature or higher to form a strong heat insulating layer. That is, a plurality of spacers 400 similar to those of the beam 300 according to the first embodiment are arranged between the two layers of the flameproof layer 360, and the two layers of the flameproof layer 360 are separated by the thickness of the spacer 400. Then, a space for providing the heated foam material 380 is formed inside the beam 300, and the heated foam material 380 is filled therein. In the beam 300 shown in FIG. 6, with respect to the three surfaces (both side surfaces and the lower surface) of the flame-retardant layer 360 having an inner rectangular shape, a pair of spacers extending in parallel at both ends of the surface. Although the space for forming the heat-foamable material 380 is formed by 400, the number and the installation position can be arbitrarily determined.

  In this way, when the outer flame-retardant layer 360 is exposed to the flame and its temperature rises to a certain extent, the heat-foaming material 380 disposed inward expands and fills the gap to provide a heat insulating effect. It is exerted, and the temperature rise of the non-burning layer 360 arranged inside the heating foam material 380 is moderated. In particular, when a gypsum board is used as the flame-retardant layer 360, the rise in temperature of the gypsum board placed inside is suppressed, so that the generation of crystal water is slowed down and the function of the flame-retardant layer 360 is reduced. Will be able to fully demonstrate.

  The beam 300 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, but as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the burn support layer 340, the unburnt layer 360, and the heat-foamable material 380 are provided on the four sides of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320. May be coated. In short, in the beam 300, it suffices that at least three sides of the cross section of the load supporting portion 320 are covered with the burn margin layer 340, the non-burn layer 360, and the heating foam material 380.

  Here, the spacer 200 of the pillar 100 is not limited to the structure that extends in the material axis direction over the entire length of the pillar 100, and may have a structure in which a part thereof is cut off, as shown in FIG. 9. In addition, the spacer 200 of the pillar 100 extends around the flame-retardant layer 160 in the cross section of the pillar 100 as shown in FIG. 10 (that is, extends over the cross section of the load support portion 120), and FIG. As shown, a part of it may be cut away. In addition, when at least two layers of the flame-retardant layer 160 are provided, the spacer 200 may be disposed between the flame-retardant layers 160 to form a space for providing the heating foam material 180. In short, the spacer 200 may have any shape and arrangement as long as it can form a space for providing the heat-foamable material 180 around the flame-retardant layer 160 or between the flame-retardant layers 160. The beam 300 may also be a spacer similar to the pillar 100.

  In addition, in each of the embodiments, in order to further improve the fire resistance of the wooden building member, at least one of the load supporting portions 120 and 320 and the burn-in layers 140 and 340 may be made of non-combustible liquid cancer-infiltrated wood. Good.

  Further, aluminum foil (not shown) may be attached to the outer peripheral surfaces of the flame-retardant layers 160 and 360. By doing so, a part of the heat acting on the flame-retardant layers 160, 360 is reflected by the aluminum foil, and the progress of carbonization of the load supporting portions 120, 320 can be made slower.

  The present invention can be applied not only to the pillars 100 and the beams 300 as wooden building members but also to braces and joists.

100 columns (wooden building components)
120 Load-bearing part 140 Burning layer 160 Burn-stop layer 180 Heat-foaming material 200 Spacer 300 Beam (wooden building member)
320 Load-bearing part 340 Burn-up layer 360 Burn-stop layer 380 Heat-foaming material 400 Spacer

The wooden building member according to the first aspect is a load supporting portion made of wood having a long and rectangular cross section, and a burnable layer made of wood covering at least three sides of the outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length, And a gypsum board provided between the load supporting portion and the burn-up layer. And in the wooden building member which concerns on a 1st aspect, the heating foaming material is further provided between the gypsum board and the burning margin layer.

A wooden building member according to a second aspect is a long and rectangular load-bearing section made of wood having a rectangular cross section, and a burn-up layer made of wood that covers at least three sides of the load-bearing section over its entire length, And a gypsum board having at least two layers provided between the load supporting portion and the burn-up layer. And in the wooden construction member which concerns on a 2nd aspect, the heating foaming material is further provided between the gypsum board of at least 2 layers.

Claims (7)

A load supporting part made of wood with a long and rectangular cross section,
A burning margin layer made of wood covering at least three sides of the outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length,
A non-combustion layer provided between the load support portion and the combustion margin layer,
A wooden building member having
A heat-foamable material is further provided between the flame-retardant layer and the burn-up layer.
Wooden building material. A load supporting part made of wood with a long and rectangular cross section,
A burning margin layer made of wood covering at least three sides of the outer periphery of the load supporting portion over its entire length,
At least two non-combustion layers provided between the load support portion and the combustion allowance layer;
A wooden building member having
A heating foam is further provided between the at least two non-burning layers,
Wooden building material. The flame-retardant layer is made of gypsum board,
The wooden building member according to claim 1 or 2. A plurality of spacers are arranged in the portion where the heating foam is provided,
The wooden building member according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The spacer extends in the material axis direction of the load supporting portion,
The wooden building member according to claim 4. The spacer extends on a cross section of the load support,
The wooden building member according to claim 4. A part of the spacer is cut off,
The wooden building member according to claim 5 or 6.