JP2020054791A - Infectious disease ward and air supply/exhaust control device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an infectious disease ward and an air supply/exhaust control device for controlling air supply and exhaust of a room capable of not only eliminating a situation in which pathogenic bacteria carried by an infectious patient leaks to the outside, but also preventing a situation in which an infectious patient acquires another infectious disease attributed to general germs.SOLUTION: An infectious disease ward includes a sickroom 1, a front room 2 used for entry to/exit from the sickroom 1, and a breaking room 5 arranged between the sickroom 1 and the front room 2. Air pressure in each room is kept so as to be special negative pressure in which the air pressure in the sickroom 1 is lower than that of the front room 2, and the air pressure in the breaking room 5 is lower than that of the sickroom 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an infectious disease room that includes a hospital room and an anterior room, in which an infectious disease patient is accommodated based on the regulations of the Infectious Diseases Law, and an air supply / exhaust control device that controls air supply / exhaust in the room.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technology related to a hospital room for accommodating infectious disease patients has been known. In this kind of sickroom, an anterior room adjacent to the sickroom is provided in order to prevent the pathogens possessed by the infectious disease from leaking out of the room, and the air pressure decreases in the order of the outdoor room, the anterior room, and the sickroom ( The air pressure is controlled so as to be a negative pressure (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2). Hereinafter, in the present application, based on the provisions of the Infectious Diseases Law, which includes a hospital room and an anterior room, a hospital room in which an infectious disease patient is accommodated is also referred to as an “infectious disease room”.

  In addition, a technology related to a sterile hospital room in which a region separated from other parts is formed in a hospital room and the air pressure in the region can be switched to a negative pressure or a positive pressure is also known (for example, see Patent Document 3). . Further, an isolation room used as a hospital room, a decompression room adjacent to the isolation room, and a general room adjacent to the decompression room are provided, the isolation room and the general room are kept at the same pressure, and the decompression room is isolated. There is also a technique for controlling the air pressure so that the pressure is kept lower than that of a room or a general room (see Patent Document 4).

  On the other hand, in an infectious disease room, it is necessary to control the air pressure in the room and the anterior room. In this case, for example, as disclosed in Patent Literature 2, a differential pressure adjusting damper is used to control the air pressure in a hospital room or an anterior room. In addition, regarding the technology for controlling the room pressure, the technology for controlling the air supply and exhaust air volumes into the room using an air supply valve and an exhaust valve, and detecting the door opening of two adjacent rooms via a door. There is also a technique for maintaining two chambers at a predetermined pressure (see Patent Documents 5 and 6).

JP 2003-24396 A JP 2003-50031 A JP 2004-159730 A JP 2010-240282 A JP-A-2006-161156 JP-A-2006-169874

  Conventionally, there was an infectious disease room 100 as shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a conventional infectious disease room 100. The infectious disease room 100 includes a room 101, a front room 102 adjacent to the room 101, and a washroom / toilet room 103, and is provided along a corridor 104. The infectious disease patient lives in the hospital room 101 and the washroom / toilet room 103.

  In the infectious disease room 100, the air pressure in the hospital room 101 and the washroom / toilet room 103 is maintained at a negative pressure so that the pathogenic bacteria from the infectious disease patient do not leak out of the infectious disease room 100. Further, a sickroom suction duct 112 for discharging the air in the sickroom 101 to the outside and a toilet suction duct 115 are installed, and a high-performance filter (not shown) is incorporated in each of them. Since pathogenic bacteria are collected by the high-performance filter, indoor floating bacteria are not discharged to the outside.

  In the sickroom 101 and the anterior room 102, a sickroom outlet duct 111 and an anterior chamber outlet duct 113 for taking in outside air into the room are provided, respectively. Since a high-performance filter (not shown) is incorporated in each of the sickroom outlet duct 111 and the anterior chamber outlet duct 113, aseptic clean air is taken into the sickroom 101 and the anterior chamber 102. The front room 102 is provided with a front room suction duct 114.

  Then, when entering a room for treatment of an infectious disease patient or the like, a doctor, a nurse, or a medical staff enters the anterior room 102 from the corridor 104. In order to prevent infection, doctors, nurses, and medical staff change into sterile protective clothing that protects the entire body in the anterior room 102 and then enter the sickroom 101.

  In addition, the infectious disease room 100 has a structure in which the corridor door 121 and the anterior room door 122 connected to the anterior room 102 do not open at the same time so that air in the inpatient room 101 does not leak outside when entering and exiting. The infectious disease room 100 has a structure in which when one of the corridor door 121 and the anterior room door 122 is open, the other is closed without being opened.

  In the infectious disease room 100, the air pressure in the room is controlled such that the inside of the room 101 is maintained at a negative pressure and the air pressure increases in the order of the room 101, the anterior room 102, and the corridor 104.

  In the infectious disease room 100, since the inside of the room 101 is maintained at a negative pressure, the pathogenic bacteria possessed by the infectious disease patient do not leak out.

  However, since the inside of the sickroom 101 is maintained at a negative pressure, external air easily flows into the sickroom 101 from outside the sickroom 101, that is, through the corridor 104 and the anterior room 102. Then, general germs (also referred to as general bacteria), dust, dust, and the like floating in the air enter the inside of the sickroom 101 together with the air outside the germ, and the general germs in the sickroom 101 are more concentrated than in the front room 102. Will increase. Then, there is a high possibility that the patient with the infectious disease housed in the sickroom 101 will be infected with another pathogen other than the infectious disease. In addition, patients with infectious diseases are more likely to be more severe than healthy individuals because the patient's physical strength may be weakened by the infection or the patient may have immunodeficiency.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and not only eliminates the case where the pathogens possessed by the infectious disease patient leak out to the outside, but also separates the infectious disease patient from the general bacteria. It is an object of the present invention to provide an infectious disease room and a supply / exhaust control device for controlling air supply / exhaust in the room, which can eliminate complications of infectious diseases.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is an infectious disease room in which an infectious disease patient is housed, the infectious disease room is a hospital room, a front room used for entering and leaving the room, and the hospital room. And a shutoff chamber disposed between the anterior chamber and a special negative pressure, in which the pressure in each room is lower in the sickroom than in the anterior chamber and lower in the sickroom than in the sickroom. As such, providing an infectious disease room that is maintained.

  In the case of the infectious disease room, an exhaust fan for exhausting the hospital room, the shut-off room and the anterior room is connected, and the exhaust fan and the hospital room, the shut-off room and the anterior room, respectively, a hospital room exhaust valve, an shut-off room exhaust valve, An anterior chamber exhaust valve is disposed, the sickroom exhaust valve and the anterior chamber exhaust valve are configured by a variable airflow valve capable of changing the airflow, and the shutoff chamber exhaust valve is a high-speed exhauster that can exhaust at a higher speed than the variable airflow valve. It is preferable to be constituted by a variable air volume valve.

  A sickroom door provided between the sickroom and the shutoff room, a sickroom door sensor for detecting that the sickroom door is opened, and a shutoff room door provided between the shutoff room and the front room. And, when it is detected that the sickroom door or the sickroom door is opened by one of the sickroom door sensor or the sickroom door sensor that detects that the shutoff room door is opened. Preferably, the apparatus further includes exhaust control means for operating the shut-off chamber exhaust valve.

  Further, the room further includes a room pressure sensor for a room that detects the air pressure of the room, a room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room, and a room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room. An air supply fan for supplying air to the shut-off room and the front room is connected, and a sick room air supply valve for supplying air at a constant air volume between the air supply fan and the sick room, the shut-off room and the front room. A room air supply valve and an anterior room air supply valve are arranged, and a sick room air supply valve, an isolation room air supply valve, It is preferable to further include a supply / exhaust control unit that operates the anterior chamber air supply valve and / or the sickroom exhaust valve, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve, and the anterior chamber exhaust valve to maintain the special negative pressure.

  The above-mentioned infectious disease room is connected to an air supply fan for supplying air to the sick room, the shut-off room and the anterior room. A sickroom air supply valve, a shutoff room air supply valve, an anterior chamber air supply valve are arranged, and as the sickroom air supply valve, the shutoff room air supply valve, the anterior chamber air supply valve, a constant air volume control device is arranged, respectively. In addition, it is preferable that a variable air volume control device is disposed as each of the sickroom exhaust valve, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve, and the front chamber exhaust valve.

  Further, the room further includes a room pressure sensor for a room that detects the air pressure of the room, a room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room, and a room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room. According to the detection results of the room pressure sensor, the room pressure sensor for the shut-off room, and the room pressure sensor for the anterior room, the sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, the air supply valve and / or the sick room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, In addition to the steady mode in which the anterior chamber exhaust valve is operated to maintain the special negative pressure, the sickroom air supply valve without following the detection results of the sickroom room pressure sensor, shutoff room room pressure sensor, and anterior room pressure sensor Even in the simple mode in which the shut-off room air supply valve, the air supply valve and / or the sick room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, and the anterior chamber exhaust valve are operated so as to maintain the special negative pressure, the sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, and the like. Air valve, anterior chamber air supply valve and / or sickroom exhaust valve, shutoff chamber exhaust valve, anterior chamber exhaust valve is activated May further include a supply and exhaust control means constituted urchin.

  Further, the present invention relates to an infectious disease in which an infectious disease patient having a sickroom, an anterior room used for entering and exiting the sickroom, and a shut-off room arranged between the sickroom and the anterior room is accommodated. In the sickroom, the air supply and / or exhaust for controlling the air supply and / or exhaust of each of the sickroom, the shutoff room, and the anterior room such that the special negative pressure in which the pressure in the room becomes negative in the order of the anterior room, the sickroom, and the shutoff room is maintained. A control device is provided.

  As described in detail above, according to the present invention, in addition to eliminating the situation in which the pathogenic bacteria possessed by an infectious disease patient leak out, the infectious disease patient also develops another infectious disease caused by common bacteria. Thus, an infectious disease room and an air supply / exhaust control device for controlling air supply / exhaust in the room can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an infectious disease room according to an embodiment of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the functional block diagram which showed the schematic structure of the infectious disease room which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the structure regarding supply / exhaust of the infectious disease room. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration related to supply / exhaust control of an infectious disease room. It is the block diagram which showed the various sensors provided in the infectious disease room and the sensor unit. It is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration when the infectious disease room according to the embodiment of the present invention has CAV and VAV, and a configuration related to supply and exhaust of the infectious disease room. It is the top view which showed schematic structure of the conventional infectious disease room.

  An infectious disease room 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an infectious disease room 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the infectious disease room 10 and a configuration related to air supply and exhaust of the infectious disease room 10, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing such a configuration, and FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing various sensors provided in the infectious disease room 10 and a sensor unit.

  The infectious disease room 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a room 1, a front room 2 used for entering and leaving the room 1, and a blocking room 5 arranged between the room 1 and the front room 2. And a washroom / toilet room 3 and are provided along the corridor 4.

  In the infectious disease room 10, the negative pressure of the room 1, the shut-off room 5, and the anterior room 2 is lower than the anterior room 2. In the embodiment, the air pressure in each room is maintained so that such a negative pressure is also referred to as a special negative pressure). In the infectious disease room 10, the supply / exhaust control is performed so that the special negative pressure is maintained. Further, in the infectious disease room 10, the air pressure in the anterior room 2 is maintained at a negative pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure outside the infectious disease room 10 (for example, in the present embodiment, the corridor 4).

  The sickroom 1 is provided with a sickroom air supply duct 11 for taking in air into the room and a sickroom exhaust duct 12 for discharging air from the room to the outside of the room, and each of them has a high-performance filter (not shown) (for example, HEPA). Filter). In the sickroom 1, a sickroom door 23, which is disposed between the sickroom 1 and the sickroom 5 and is used to enter the sickroom 1 from the sickroom 5 or to exit from the sickroom 1 to the sickroom 5, There is provided a sickroom door sensor 58 for detecting that the door has been opened. The sickroom door 23 is provided with a sickroom door lock 23A (not shown in FIG. 2) for locking the sickroom door 23 so that the sickroom door 23 cannot be opened. The washroom / toilet room 3 is provided with a toilet air supply duct 15 for taking in air into the room. The sickroom 1 is connected to a sickroom pressure sensor 56 for detecting the air pressure in the room.

  The front room 2 is provided with a front room air supply duct 13 for taking air into the room and a front room exhaust duct 14 for discharging the room air outside the room. For example, a HEPA filter is stored. Further, the front room 2 is provided between the front room 2 and the shut-off room 5 and is used to enter the front room 2 from the shut-off room 5 or to exit from the front room 2 to the shut-off room 5. And a shutoff chamber door sensor 57 for detecting that the shutoff chamber door 22 is opened. The door 22 is provided with a door lock 22A (not shown in FIG. 2) for locking the door 22 so that it cannot be opened. The front room 2 is connected to a front room pressure sensor 55 for detecting the air pressure in the room. The front room 2 is provided with a corridor door 21 used for entering from the corridor 4. The corridor door 21 is provided with a corridor door lock 21A (not shown in FIG. 2) for locking the corridor door 21 so that the corridor door 21 cannot be opened.

  The shut-off room 5 is provided with a shut-off room air supply duct 16 for taking in air into the room, and a shut-off room exhaust duct 17 for discharging indoor air to the outside of the room. For example, a HEPA filter is stored. The shut-off room 5 is connected to a shut-off room room pressure sensor 54 for detecting the air pressure in the room.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the infectious disease room 10 supplies an air to the hospital room 1, the shut-off room 5 and the anterior room 2, and exhausts the air from the hospital room 1, the shut-off room 5 and the anterior room 2. The exhaust fan 32 is connected.

  Further, between the air supply fan 31 and the sickroom 1, the shut-off room 5, and the anterior room 2, a sickroom air supply valve 43, a shut-off room air supply valve 41, and an anterior room air supply valve 42 are arranged, respectively. Each of the sick room air supply valve 43, the shutoff room air supply valve 41, and the anterior room air supply valve 42 is a device having a valve (constant air volume valve) capable of ventilating a constant air volume, and the like. It is connected to the room air supply duct 16, the front room air supply duct 13, and the air supply fan 31.

  A sickroom exhaust valve 53, a shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51, and a front chamber exhaust valve 52 are arranged between the exhaust fan 32 and the sickroom 1, the shutoff chamber 5, and the anterior chamber 2, respectively. Each of the sickroom exhaust valve 53 and the anterior chamber exhaust valve 52 is a device having a valve (variable airflow valve) capable of changing the airflow so that the airflow can be changed, and the sickroom exhaust duct 12, the anterior chamber exhaust duct 14, and the exhaust fan 32, respectively. It is connected to the. The shut-off chamber exhaust valve 51 is a device having a valve or the like that can perform ventilation so that the air volume can be changed. In addition, the shut-off chamber exhaust valve 51 can be exhausted at a higher speed than the sick room exhaust valve 53 and the anterior chamber exhaust valve 52, that is, exhausted in a shorter time. It is a high-speed variable air volume valve that can perform. The shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51 is connected to the shutoff chamber exhaust duct 17 and the exhaust fan 32.

  When entering a room for treatment of an infectious disease patient or the like, a doctor, a nurse, or a medical staff enters the anterior room 2 from the corridor 4. In order to prevent infection, doctors, nurses, and medical staff change into sterile protective clothing that protects the whole body in the anterior room 2, and then enter the isolation room 5 and then enter the sickroom 1.

  In the infectious disease room 10, supply / exhaust control is performed so that a special negative pressure is maintained. The configuration for executing the supply / exhaust control will be described below. As shown in FIG. 3, the infectious disease room 10 has a control unit 20, a sensor unit 50, a door lock unit 70, an air supply valve unit 40, and an exhaust valve unit 60, each of which is not shown. They are electrically connected by connection means (such as wiring cords).

  The control unit 20 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory). Then, the CPU operates according to the program stored in the ROM, and sends control data according to various detection data input from the sensor unit 50 to the air supply fan 31, the exhaust fan 32, the door lock unit 70, the air supply valve. The output to the unit 40 and the exhaust valve unit 60 is performed to execute operations as an exhaust control unit, a supply / exhaust control unit, and a supply / exhaust control device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The sensor unit 50 is means for outputting detection data of various sensors to the control unit 20, and as shown in FIG. 4, a room pressure sensor 54 for a shutoff room, a room pressure sensor 55 for a front room, a room pressure sensor for a sick room. 56, a shut-off room door sensor 57, and a sick room door sensor 58 are connected.

  The door lock unit 70 is means for outputting the output data of the control unit 20 to various door locks, and is connected to the sick room door lock 23A, the shut-off room door lock 22A, and the hallway door lock 21A.

  The air supply valve unit 40 is means for outputting the output data of the control unit 20 to each air supply valve, and is connected to the hospital room air supply valve 43, the shut-off room air supply valve 41, and the anterior room air supply valve 42. .

  The exhaust valve unit 60 is a means for outputting output data of the control unit 20 to each exhaust valve, and is connected to the hospital room exhaust valve 53, the shut-off room exhaust valve 51, and the front chamber exhaust valve 52.

  Then, the control unit 20 operates as follows in accordance with the detection data output from the sensor unit 50. In this case, the control unit 20 operates as an exhaust control unit, and indicates that either the sickroom door 23 or the shutoff room door 22 has been opened from either the sickroom door sensor 58 or the shutoff room door sensor 57. When data (door opening data) is output via the sensor unit 50, the shut-off chamber exhaust valve 51 is operated. Since the shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51 is a high-speed variable airflow valve, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51 operates to perform high-speed exhaust with a larger air volume than the sickroom exhaust valve 53 and the front chamber exhaust valve 52 (the shutoff chamber exhaust valve). The airflow having a large air volume obtained by operating the airflow 51 is also referred to as a cutoff airflow). In this case, the control unit 20 may increase or decrease the amount of exhaust air from the shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51 according to the detection result of the shutoff chamber chamber pressure sensor 54 so that the special negative pressure is maintained. .

  When either the sickroom door 23 or the shutoff room door 22 is opened, the pressure difference between the sickroom 1 and the shutoff room 5 disappears or the shutoff room 5 and the anterior room 2 due to the pressure difference before the opening. Either of the two situations may occur. However, in that case, the special negative pressure may disappear. Since the shut-off chamber exhaust valve 51 can exhaust at a higher speed than other exhaust valves, a shut-off airflow is formed by operating the shut-off chamber exhaust valve 51, so that the chamber pressure of the shut-off chamber 5 can be made lower than the others. Thus, in the infectious disease room 10, the special negative pressure is maintained.

  The control unit 20 operates as a supply / exhaust control unit in the following manner according to the detection data output from the sensor unit 50. In this case, the control unit 20 supplies air to each of the sickroom 1, the shutoff room 5, and the anterior room 2 according to the detection results of the room pressure sensor 56 for the sickroom, the room pressure sensor 54 for the shutoff room, and the room pressure sensor 55 for the anterior room. Activate the valve and / or the exhaust valve. The air supply valves of the sickroom 1, the shut-off room 5, and the anterior room 2 are the sickroom air supply valve 43, the shut-off room air supply valve 41, and the anterior room air supply valve 42, respectively. Are the hospital room exhaust valve 53, the shut-off room exhaust valve 51, and the front room exhaust valve 52.

  As a result of detecting the room pressure in the sickroom 1, the shut-off room 5, and the anterior room 2, the respective pressure differences may be smaller than the pressure difference required for the special negative pressure, and the pressure difference may disappear in some cases. Conceivable. In such a case, the control unit 20 operates the air supply valve and / or the exhaust valve so that the special negative pressure is maintained. By doing so, air is supplied or exhausted to the hospital room 1, the shut-off room 5, and the anterior room 2, and the respective room pressures are adjusted, so that the special negative pressure is maintained. Therefore, the control unit 20 performs the above operation.

  Further, the control unit 20 performs the following operation to prevent both the shut-off room door 22 and the sick room door 23 from being opened at the same time. The control unit 20 disables opening of the sickroom door 23 when the sickroom door 22 is open, and disables opening of the sickroom door 22 when the sickroom door 23 is open.

  In this case, when the control unit 20 outputs one of the shut-off room door 22 and the sick-room door 23 through the sensor unit 50 and the shut-off room door sensor 57 or the sick room door sensor 58 outputs The lock data is output via the door lock unit 70 so as not to be opened. The lock data is control data for operating the sickroom door lock 23A or the shutoff room door lock 22A to lock the sickroom door 23 or the shutoff room door 22, respectively.

  As described above, in the infectious disease room 10, the air pressure in each of the room 1, the isolation room 5, and the anterior room 2 is maintained to be a special negative pressure. Therefore, in the infectious disease room 10, the air pressure in each room is maintained so that the room 1 is lower than the anterior room 2 and the shutoff room 5 is lower than the room 1. Since the sickroom 1 is lower than the anterior room 2, the relationship between the anterior room 2 and the sickroom 1 indicates that the sickroom 1 has a negative pressure. Then, even if an infectious disease patient is accommodated in the sickroom 1, the pathogens held by the patient do not float in the air and go out of the sickroom 1.

  In addition, when looking at the relationship between the hospital room 1 and the isolation room 5 adjacent thereto, the isolation room 5 has a negative pressure. Therefore, even though the pathogenic bacteria possessed by the infectious disease patient may flow out of the sickroom 1 to the shut-off room 5, no air flows from the shut-off room 5 into the sickroom 1. Therefore, even if air in the corridor 4 flows from the anterior room 2 to the shut-off room 5 and general bacteria enter the shut-off room 5, the general bacteria do not enter the hospital room 1 therefrom.

  Therefore, in the infectious disease room 10, the pathogenic bacteria possessed by the infectious disease patient do not leak outside, and the infectious disease patient does not have another infectious disease caused by general bacteria. Even if an infectious patient is immunodeficient, the infectious patient does not have another infection.

  In addition, when the sickroom door 23 and the shutoff room door 22 are opened in the entrance and exit of the sickroom 1, the shutoff room 5 and the anterior room 2, airflows are generated due to the respective pressure differences, and the special negative pressure is not maintained. There is fear. In addition, the shut-off room 5 has the lowest air pressure among the hospital room 1, the shut-off room 5 and the anterior room 2, so that general bacteria easily enter together with the pathogenic bacteria possessed by the infectious disease patient.

  However, in this case, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve 51 is operated by the control of the control unit 20, so that the room pressure of the shutoff chamber 5 can be quickly reduced, and therefore, the special negative pressure does not disappear. Even if general bacteria enter the shut-off room 5 together with the pathogenic bacteria possessed by the infectious disease patient, they can be captured by the high-performance filter of the shut-off room exhaust duct 17. Therefore, the sanitary environment of the shutoff room 5 is maintained.

  In the infectious disease room 10, a CAV (Constant Air Volume, constant air volume control device) can be arranged as the room air supply valve 43, the shut-off room air supply valve 41, and the anterior room air supply valve. Also, a VAV (Variable Air Volume, variable air volume control device) may be arranged as the hospital room exhaust valve 53, the shut-off room exhaust valve 51, and the front room exhaust valve 52. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the infectious disease room 10 includes a hospital room CAV 43A, a blocking room CAV 41A, and an anterior room CAV 42A, and may also include a hospital room VAV 53A, a blocking room VAV 51A, and an anterior room VAV 52A.

  CAV controls the air volume by measuring the passing wind speed with a wind speed sensor or differential pressure detector in the device, or by driving a damper or propeller while measuring the passing air volume with a wind volume sensor so that the set air volume is supplied. I do. The VAV changes the air volume according to a required air volume signal, but controls the air volume by measuring the passing air speed with a wind speed sensor or a differential pressure detector, or driving a damper or a propeller while measuring the passing air volume with a wind volume sensor. . Therefore, the VAV can be controlled such that the set air volume is supplied similarly to the CAV. In particular, the shutoff room VAV51A has a larger control airflow than the sickroom VAV53A and the anterior room VAV52A, and a model having a larger supply airflow per unit time is used.

  When the infectious disease room 10 has CAV and VAV, the air pressure to be supplied and the air volume to be discharged are set in each of the CAV and VAV so that the special negative pressure is maintained. The special negative pressure is maintained without following the detection results of the sensors (room pressure sensor 56 for the sick room, room pressure sensor 54 for the shut-off room, and room pressure sensor 55 for the anterior room) (without adjusting the air volume according to the detection result). You can be as.

  In order to maintain the special negative pressure, it is necessary to maintain a state in which the pressure in each of the rooms becomes lower in the order of the anterior room 2, the sick room 1, and the shut-off room 5. Therefore, for example, the air volume supplied in CAV (hospital room CAV43A, shutoff room CAV41A, anterior room CAV42A) and the air volume exhausted in VAV (hospital room VAV53A, shutoff room VAV51A, anterior room VAV52A) have the following patterns a, b, and c. By setting the patterns a, b, and c as air flow patterns, it is possible to maintain a special negative pressure.

a A pattern in which the amount of air supply decreases in the order of the anterior room 2, the sickroom 1, and the shut-off room 5, and the exhaust volume of the anterior room 2, the sickroom 1, and the shut-off room 5 is set to a certain size. b The anterior room 2 A pattern in which the amount of air supplied to the sickroom 1 and the shut-off room 5 is set to a certain size, and the exhaust volume is set to increase in the order of the anterior room 2, the sickroom 1 and the shut-off room 5 c the anterior room 2 A pattern is set so that the air supply amount decreases in the order of the sickroom 1 and the shutoff room 5 and the exhaust air amount increases in the order of the anterior room 2, the sickroom 1 and the shutoff room 5.

  For example, in the case of the pattern a, the air supply amounts C2, C1, and C5 of the anterior room CAV42A, the hospital room CAV43A, and the shutoff room CAV41A are set to "60", "50", and "30", respectively, and the anterior room VAV52A, the hospital room VAV53A, It is conceivable that the exhaust air volumes V2, V1, and V5 of the shutoff chamber VAV51A are set to "70", "70", and "70", respectively (hereinafter, the set air volume in this case is also referred to as "the set air volume of the air volume pattern a"). Say). In this case, in the front room 2, since the exhaust amount V2 is "70" with respect to the supply air amount C2 of "60", the room air is subtracted minus "10". In the sickroom 1, since the exhaust air amount V1 is "70" with respect to the air supply amount C1 of "50", the indoor air is subtracted minus "20". Similarly, in the shutoff room 5, the room air is subtracted by minus "40". Therefore, a state is obtained in which the pressure in each of the rooms becomes lower in the order of the anterior room 2, the sick room 1, and the shutoff room 5, so that the special negative pressure can be maintained.

  However, even in this case, when either the sick room door sensor 58 or the shut-off room door sensor 57 detects that the door (the sick room door 23 or the shut-off room door 22) has been opened, the sick room 1 and the anterior room 2 are closed. There is a possibility that air flows into the shutoff chamber 5 and the special negative pressure disappears. Therefore, the sickroom door sensor 58 and the shutoff room door sensor 57 are operated so that the high-speed exhaustion by the shutoff room VAV 51A can be performed in conjunction with the opening of the sickroom door 23 and the shutoff room door 22, and the respective detection results are used. .

  Since the infectious disease room 10 is provided with the above-described CAV (Constant Air Volume, constant air volume control device) and VAV (Variable Air Volume, variable air volume control device), the infectious disease room 10 is provided with a room pressure sensor (room for a hospital room). In addition to the mode in which the air volume is adjusted according to the detection results of the pressure sensor 56, the room pressure sensor 54 for the shut-off room, and the room pressure sensor 55 for the front room (also referred to as a steady mode), a room pressure sensor (room pressure sensor 56 for a sick room, Even in a mode in which the air volume is set (also referred to as a simple mode) without following the detection results of the room pressure sensor 54 for the shut-off room and the chamber pressure sensor 55 for the front room, supply is performed so that each CAV and / or VAV operates. A control unit 20 as an exhaust control unit can be configured. In the simple mode, for example, the control unit 20 is configured such that the air volume of each CAV and VAV is set to the set air volume of the air volume pattern a described above, regardless of the detection result of the room pressure sensor. Then, in the simple mode, since the room pressure sensor does not need to be operated, an effect of reducing the cost (running cost) required for operating the infectious disease room 10 can be expected.

  Then, for example, during a time period when the opening of the sickroom door sensor 58 and the shutoff room door sensor 57 is small (for example, at night or in the early morning), the infectious disease room 10 operates in the simple mode. The supply / exhaust control means may be configured to operate in the mode. In this way, while reducing the running cost of the infectious disease room 10, it is possible to perform fine air volume control and maintain the special negative pressure.

  Furthermore, the room pressure sensors (room pressure sensor 56 for the sick room, room pressure sensor 54 for the shut-off room, and room pressure sensor 55 for the anterior room) may be omitted, and the infectious disease room 10 may be configured to operate only in the simple control mode. Good. In this case, the effect of reducing the installation cost of the infectious disease room 10 can be expected.

  The infectious disease room 10 can be used not only for infectious diseases for accommodating infectious patients as described above but also for aseptic rooms. Therefore, since one hospital facility can be used for two purposes, effective use of the hospital facility is achieved and the operation efficiency of the facility is improved. The infectious disease room 10 can also be applied as a room suitable for the standards of the first and second type of infectious disease law. In the hospital room for aseptic treatment, the space of the hospital room 1 is maintained in the cleanliness class 6 or 7 (JIS B 9920).

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... hospital room, 2 ... anterior room, 5 ... shut-off room, 10 ... infectious disease room, 11 ... hospital room air supply duct, 12 ... hospital room exhaust duct, 13 ... anterior room air supply duct, 14 ... anterior room exhaust duct, 16 ... Shut-off room air supply duct, 17 ... shut-off room exhaust duct, 20 ... control unit, 22 ... shut-off room door, 23 ... hospital room door, 31 ... air supply fan, 32 ... exhaust fan, 41 ... shut-off room air supply valve, 42 ... Anterior room air supply valve, 43 ... hospital room air supply valve, 51 ... shut room exhaust valve, 52 ... anterior room exhaust valve, 53 ... hospital room exhaust valve, 54 ... room pressure sensor for shut room, 55 ... room pressure sensor for anterior room , 56 ... room pressure sensor for sickroom, 57 ... door sensor for closed room, 58 ... door sensor for room, 41A ... closed room CAV, 42A ... front room CAV, 43A ... ward room CAV, 51A ... closed room VAV, 52A ... front room VAV , 53A ... room VAV.

Claims (7)

An infectious disease room where an infectious disease patient is housed,
The infectious disease room has a hospital room, a front room used for entering and leaving the room, and a shut-off room arranged between the room and the front room, and the air pressure in each room is An infectious disease room maintained such that the room is lower than the anterior room and the shut-off room is at a lower special negative pressure than the room. An exhaust fan that exhausts the hospital room, the shut-off room, and the front room is connected,
The exhaust fan, the sickroom, the shutoff chamber and the anterior chamber are respectively disposed between the sickroom exhaust valve, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve, and the anterior chamber exhaust valve.
The sickroom exhaust valve and the front chamber exhaust valve are configured by a variable airflow valve capable of changing airflow, and the shutoff chamber exhaust valve is configured by a high-speed variable airflow valve capable of exhausting at a higher speed than the variable airflow valve. The infectious disease room according to claim 1. A sickroom door provided between the sickroom and the shut-off room, and a sickroom door sensor that detects that the sickroom door is opened,
A shutoff chamber door provided between the shutoff chamber and the front chamber, a shutoff chamber door sensor that detects that the shutoff chamber door is opened,
Exhaust control means for activating the shut-off chamber exhaust valve when one of the sick room door sensor and the shut-off room door sensor detects that the sick room door or the shut-off room door is opened. The infectious disease room according to claim 2, which has an infectious disease room. A room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room,
A chamber pressure sensor for the chamber to detect the air pressure of the chamber,
Further comprising a front chamber pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the front chamber,
An air supply fan for supplying air to the hospital room, the shut-off room and the anterior room is connected,
The air supply fan, the hospital room, the sick room air supply valve for supplying air of a constant air volume between the sick room, the shut-off room and the front room, the shut-off room air supply valve, the front room air supply valve is arranged,
According to the detection results of the room pressure sensor for the sick room, the room pressure sensor for the shut-off room, and the pressure sensor for the anterior room, the sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, the anterior room air supply valve and / or 4. The infectious disease room according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a supply / exhaust control unit that operates the hospital room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, and the front chamber exhaust valve to maintain the special negative pressure. An air supply fan for supplying air to the hospital room, the shut-off room and the anterior room is connected,
The air supply fan, the hospital room, the sick room air supply valve for supplying air of a constant air volume between the sick room, the shut-off room and the front room, the shut-off room air supply valve, the front room air supply valve is arranged,
A constant air volume control device is disposed as the hospital room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, and the anterior room air supply valve, and the variable air volume control device is provided as the hospital room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, and the front room exhaust valve. The infectious disease room according to claim 2 or 3, which is disposed respectively. A room pressure sensor for the room that detects the air pressure of the room,
A chamber pressure sensor for the chamber to detect the air pressure of the chamber,
Further comprising a front chamber pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the front chamber,
According to the detection results of the room pressure sensor for the sick room, the room pressure sensor for the shut-off room, and the pressure sensor for the anterior room, the sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, the anterior room air supply valve and / or In addition to the steady mode in which the sickroom exhaust valve, the shutoff chamber exhaust valve, and the anterior chamber exhaust valve are operated so that the special negative pressure is maintained, the sickroom room pressure sensor, the shutoff room chamber pressure sensor, The sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, the anterior room air supply valve and / or the sick room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, and the anterior room exhaust valve may be used without following the detection result of the room pressure sensor. Even in the simple mode operated so that the special negative pressure is maintained, the sick room air supply valve, the shut-off room air supply valve, the anterior room air supply valve and / or the sick room exhaust valve, the shut-off room exhaust valve, the anterior chamber Further comprising a supply / exhaust control means configured to operate the exhaust valve. Infection hospital room of claim 5, wherein that.   An infectious disease room in which an infectious disease patient having a sickroom, a front room used for entering and leaving the room, and a shut-off room disposed between the room and the front room is accommodated, Supply / exhaust control of air supply and / or exhaust of the sickroom, the shutoff chamber, and the anterior chamber, respectively, such that a special negative pressure in which the indoor pressure becomes negative pressure in the order of the sickroom and the shutoff chamber is maintained. Control device.

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