JP2020051390A - Structure of cylinder of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Structure of cylinder of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP2020051390A
JP2020051390A JP2018183789A JP2018183789A JP2020051390A JP 2020051390 A JP2020051390 A JP 2020051390A JP 2018183789 A JP2018183789 A JP 2018183789A JP 2018183789 A JP2018183789 A JP 2018183789A JP 2020051390 A JP2020051390 A JP 2020051390A
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cylinder
sprayed layer
combustion engine
internal combustion
cylinder liner
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JP7134568B2 (en
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正弘 前田
Masahiro Maeda
正弘 前田
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Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

To realize a cylinder of an internal combustion engine which achieves reduction of a friction loss and reduction of a cooling loss by improvement of heat retaining characteristics.SOLUTION: A cylinder of an internal combustion engine includes: a cylinder hole 11 opened in a cylinder block 1; a cylinder liner 2 disposed in an area of the cylinder hole 11 which excludes an uppermost part 12 where a top ring 61 of a piston 6 does not reach; a first spray coating layer 3 which is provided by spraying a material to an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2; and a second spray coating layer 4 which is provided by spraying a material different from that of the first spray coating layer 3 to an inner peripheral surface of the uppermost part 12 of the cylinder hole 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、往復動内燃機関のシリンダの構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a structure of a cylinder of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

内燃機関のシリンダには、当該シリンダ内に収容されるピストンの摺動を円滑ならしめるとともに耐摩耗性及び耐衝撃性を高める目的で、シリンダライナを配置することが多い。典型的には、下記特許文献に開示されているように、アルミニウム合金等によりシリンダブロックを鋳造する際に、鋳鉄製の円筒形状をなすシリンダライナ部材を鋳込む。   BACKGROUND ART A cylinder liner is often arranged in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine for the purpose of smoothing the sliding of a piston housed in the cylinder and improving wear resistance and impact resistance. Typically, when a cylinder block is cast from an aluminum alloy or the like, a cylinder liner member made of cast iron and having a cylindrical shape is cast as disclosed in the following patent document.

このシリンダライナは、シリンダの軸方向の略全長に亘っている。しかし、シリンダの最上部にはシリンダライナが存在せず、当該部位にはシリンダブロックの母材であるアルミニウム合金等が燃焼室に面して表出する。その結果、当該部位の熱伝導率が高くなり、つまり当該部位から放熱しやすくなって、冷却損失が発生する。加えて、膨張行程中に放出された熱が吸気行程中に帰還して吸気を昇温させ、充填効率の低下を招く問題もある。また、シリンダライナの内周面には焼き付き防止のためのクロスハッチを施すが、これがシリンダライナとピストンリングとの間の摩擦を増大させる要因となる。   The cylinder liner extends over substantially the entire axial length of the cylinder. However, the cylinder liner does not exist at the top of the cylinder, and the base material of the cylinder block, such as an aluminum alloy, is exposed to the combustion chamber at that portion. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the site increases, that is, heat is easily radiated from the site, and cooling loss occurs. In addition, there is also a problem that the heat released during the expansion stroke returns during the intake stroke to raise the temperature of the intake air, thereby lowering the charging efficiency. Further, a cross hatch is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner to prevent seizure, and this causes a friction between the cylinder liner and the piston ring to increase.

近時、摩擦損失の一層の低減を目論み、シリンダライナを配置する代わりに、シリンダ孔の内周面に金属材料を溶射して溶射層を設けることも試みられている。溶射層には、微小のピット（凹穴）が多数ポーラス状に形成され、そのピットに潤滑油が捉えられる。だが、溶射層の厚みが薄いために冷却損失が大きくなるきらいがある。   Recently, in order to further reduce the friction loss, instead of disposing a cylinder liner, it has been attempted to spray a metal material on an inner peripheral surface of a cylinder hole to provide a sprayed layer. A large number of minute pits (concave holes) are formed in the sprayed layer in a porous shape, and lubricating oil is captured in the pits. However, since the thickness of the sprayed layer is small, cooling loss tends to increase.

特開２００８−０６４０２５号公報JP 2008-0664025 A

本発明は、摩擦損失の低減と保温性の向上による冷却損失の低減との両立を図った内燃機関のシリンダを実現することを所期の目的としている。   An object of the present invention is to realize a cylinder of an internal combustion engine that achieves both a reduction in friction loss and a reduction in cooling loss by improving heat retention.

本発明に係る内燃機関のシリンダの構造は、シリンダブロックに穿たれたシリンダ孔と、前記シリンダ孔における、ピストンのトップリングが到達しない最上部を除く領域に配置されたシリンダライナと、前記シリンダライナの内周面に材料を溶射して設けられた第一の溶射層と、前記シリンダ孔の最上部の内周面に前記第一の溶射層とは異なる材料を溶射して設けられた第二の溶射層とを具備することを特徴とする。第一の溶射層には低摩擦性の材料を用いることができ、第二の溶射層には高断熱性の材料を用いることができる。   The structure of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention includes: a cylinder hole formed in a cylinder block; a cylinder liner disposed in a region of the cylinder hole except for an uppermost portion to which a piston top ring does not reach; A first sprayed layer provided by spraying a material on the inner peripheral surface of the first sprayed layer, and a second sprayed layer provided by spraying a material different from the first sprayed layer on the innermost surface of the uppermost portion of the cylinder hole. And a thermal spray layer. A low friction material can be used for the first sprayed layer, and a high heat insulating material can be used for the second sprayed layer.

本発明によれば、摩擦損失の低減と保温性の向上による冷却損失の低減との両立を図った内燃機関のシリンダを実現できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a cylinder of an internal combustion engine that achieves both a reduction in friction loss and a reduction in cooling loss by improving heat retention.

本発明の一実施形態の内燃機関のシリンダの構造を示す側断面図。1 is a side sectional view showing a structure of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine according to one embodiment of the present invention. 同実施形態のシリンダの鋳造時における金型及びシリンダライナの配置を示す側断面図。FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing an arrangement of a mold and a cylinder liner during casting of the cylinder of the embodiment.

本発明の一実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。図１に示すように、本実施形態の内燃機関のシリンダは、シリンダブロック１に穿ったシリンダ孔１１と、シリンダ孔１１におけるピストン６のトップリング６１が到達しない最上部１２を除く領域に配置したシリンダライナ２と、シリンダライナ２の内周面に材料を溶射して設けた第一の溶射層３と、シリンダ孔１１の最上部１２の内周面に第一の溶射層３とは異なる材料を溶射して設けた第二の溶射層４とを具備する。シリンダ孔１１の周壁の外側には、冷却水が流通するウォータジャケット５が存在する。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the cylinder of the internal combustion engine of the present embodiment is arranged in a region excluding a cylinder hole 11 formed in the cylinder block 1 and a top portion 12 of the cylinder hole 11 where the top ring 61 of the piston 6 does not reach. A material different from the first sprayed layer 3 on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder hole 11, and the first sprayed layer 3 formed by spraying a material on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2. And a second thermal spray layer 4 provided by thermal spraying. The water jacket 5 through which the cooling water flows exists outside the peripheral wall of the cylinder hole 11.

シリンダブロック１は、例えばアルミニウム合金等を材料として鋳造する。シリンダライナ２は、例えば鋳鉄等を材料とする円筒状をなす部材であり、シリンダブロック１を鋳造する際にシリンダ孔１１に鋳込むことができる。シリンダライナ２の上端部には、内側方に向かって僅かに突出した凸縁２１を形成している。凸縁２１は、シリンダライナ２の中心軸回りの円状に一周連続しており、第一の溶射層３と第二の溶射層４とを隔てている。この凸縁２１の突出寸法は、溶射層３、４の厚みに近いかこれに略等しい。   The cylinder block 1 is cast using, for example, an aluminum alloy or the like. The cylinder liner 2 is a cylindrical member made of, for example, cast iron or the like, and can be cast into the cylinder hole 11 when casting the cylinder block 1. At the upper end of the cylinder liner 2, a convex edge 21 slightly protruding inward is formed. The projecting edge 21 is continuous in a circle around the central axis of the cylinder liner 2, and separates the first sprayed layer 3 from the second sprayed layer 4. The projecting dimension of the projecting edge 21 is close to or substantially equal to the thickness of the sprayed layers 3 and 4.

図２に示すように、シリンダライナ２の上端部の凸縁２１は、シリンダブロック１の鋳造時にシリンダライナ２をシリンダブロック１に対して位置決めするために利用できる。即ち、シリンダ孔１１の最上部１２の内周面及びシリンダライナ２の内周面から突出しているこの凸縁２１を、上型７及び下型８により挟持した上で、シリンダブロック１の鋳造を行う。   As shown in FIG. 2, the convex edge 21 at the upper end of the cylinder liner 2 can be used to position the cylinder liner 2 with respect to the cylinder block 1 when the cylinder block 1 is cast. That is, after the protruding edge 21 projecting from the inner peripheral surface of the uppermost portion 12 of the cylinder hole 11 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2 is clamped by the upper mold 7 and the lower mold 8, the cylinder block 1 is cast. Do.

シリンダライナ２及びその内周の第一の溶射層３は、シリンダの軸方向の略全長に亘っている。第一の溶射層３は、シリンダ内を往復動するピストン６のリング６１、６２、６３が摺動する部位であるため、低摩擦性であることが望ましい。第一の溶射層３は、例えば鉄系合金やチタン系合金等の粒子を、溶融またはそれに近い状態まで加熱した上でシリンダライナ２の内周面に吹き付けることにより成形する。第一の溶射層３には、微小のピット（凹穴）が多数ポーラス状に形成され、そのピットに潤滑油が捉えられる。   The cylinder liner 2 and the first sprayed layer 3 on the inner periphery thereof extend over substantially the entire length in the axial direction of the cylinder. The first sprayed layer 3 is a portion where the rings 61, 62, and 63 of the piston 6 that reciprocate in the cylinder slide, and therefore it is desirable that the first sprayed layer 3 has low friction. The first sprayed layer 3 is formed by spraying particles of, for example, an iron-based alloy or a titanium-based alloy to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2 after heating the particles to a state of melting or a state close thereto. A large number of minute pits (concave holes) are formed in the first sprayed layer 3 in a porous shape, and lubricating oil is captured in the pits.

第二の溶射層４は、燃焼室に面する一方で、ピストン６のリング６１、６２、６３が接触しない部位であるため、低摩擦性であることは要求されず、その代わりに高断熱性であることが望ましい。第二の溶射層４は、例えばセラミックやアルミニウム合金等の粒子を、溶融またはそれに近い状態まで加熱した上でシリンダ孔１１の最上部１２の内周面に吹き付けることにより成形する。第二の溶射層４の材料としてアルミニウム合金を用いる場合には、アルマイト処理（陽極酸化皮膜処理）を施して断熱性即ち保温性を高める。   The second sprayed layer 4 faces the combustion chamber, but does not contact the rings 61, 62, 63 of the piston 6. Therefore, the second sprayed layer 4 is not required to have low friction, but instead has high heat insulating property. It is desirable that The second thermal spray layer 4 is formed by spraying particles of, for example, ceramic or aluminum alloy to the inner peripheral surface of the uppermost portion 12 of the cylinder hole 11 after heating to a state of melting or close to it. When an aluminum alloy is used as the material of the second sprayed layer 4, an alumite treatment (anodized film treatment) is performed to enhance heat insulation, that is, heat retention.

本実施形態のシリンダの構造では、第一の溶射層３を設けることによりシリンダライナ２の内周を被覆して摩擦損失を低減させている。第一の溶射層３の断熱性は必ずしも高くないものの、その外側にシリンダライナ２が存在しており、このシリンダライナ２が保温性を向上させる。燃焼室に臨むシリンダ孔１１の最上部１２には、高断熱性の第二の溶射層４を設けて当該最上部１２を被覆している。これらシリンダライナ２及び第二の溶射層４により、冷却損失を低減させている。膨張行程中の放熱だけでなく、膨張行程中に逃げた熱が吸気行程中に吸気を昇温させ充填効率を低下させる問題も併せて抑制することができる。   In the structure of the cylinder of the present embodiment, the first sprayed layer 3 is provided to cover the inner periphery of the cylinder liner 2 to reduce friction loss. Although the heat insulating property of the first sprayed layer 3 is not always high, the cylinder liner 2 exists outside the first sprayed layer 3, and the cylinder liner 2 improves the heat retaining property. The uppermost portion 12 of the cylinder hole 11 facing the combustion chamber is provided with the second thermal spray layer 4 having high heat insulation to cover the uppermost portion 12. The cooling loss is reduced by the cylinder liner 2 and the second sprayed layer 4. In addition to the heat dissipation during the expansion stroke, the problem that the heat released during the expansion stroke raises the temperature of the intake air during the intake stroke and lowers the charging efficiency can also be suppressed.

なお、本発明は以上に詳述した実施形態に限られるものではない。各部の具体的な構成は、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変形が可能である。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described in detail above. The specific configuration of each part can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

本発明は、往復動内燃機関のシリンダに適用することができる。   The present invention can be applied to a cylinder of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

１…シリンダブロック
１１…シリンダ孔
１２…最上部
２…シリンダライナ
３…第一の溶射層
４…第二の溶射層
６…ピストン
６１…トップリング DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cylinder block 11 ... Cylinder hole 12 ... Top part 2 ... Cylinder liner 3 ... First sprayed layer 4 ... Second sprayed layer 6 ... Piston 61 ... Top ring

Claims (1)

シリンダブロックに穿たれたシリンダ孔と、
前記シリンダ孔における、ピストンのトップリングが到達しない最上部を除く領域に配置されたシリンダライナと、
前記シリンダライナの内周面に材料を溶射して設けられた第一の溶射層と、
前記シリンダ孔の最上部の内周面に前記第一の溶射層とは異なる材料を溶射して設けられた第二の溶射層と
を具備する内燃機関のシリンダの構造。 A cylinder hole drilled in the cylinder block,
In the cylinder hole, a cylinder liner arranged in a region except for an uppermost portion that the top ring of the piston does not reach,
A first sprayed layer provided by spraying a material on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder liner,
A structure of a cylinder for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a second sprayed layer provided by spraying a material different from the first sprayed layer on an inner circumferential surface at an uppermost portion of the cylinder hole.
JP2018183789A 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Structure of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine Active JP7134568B2 (en)

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JP7134568B2 JP7134568B2 (en) 2022-09-12

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6228054U (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-20
JPH08246944A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-24 Suzuki Motor Corp Cylinder for internal combustion engine and manufacture thereof
JP2008064025A (en) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-21 Toyota Motor Corp Open deck type cylinder block

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6228054U (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-20
JPH08246944A (en) * 1995-03-08 1996-09-24 Suzuki Motor Corp Cylinder for internal combustion engine and manufacture thereof
JP2008064025A (en) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-21 Toyota Motor Corp Open deck type cylinder block

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