JP2020028286A - Method for learning special logging techniques - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide methods for learning special logging techniques, particularly techniques called lowering, safely and efficiently.SOLUTION: Provided is a method for learning special logging techniques comprising: attaching one end of a tree to one end of a first rigging line passed through a first rigging pulley 13 installed on a construction technique learning device 11 installed substantially upright with respect to the ground; dropping a tree; removing the tree from the one end to the first rigging line by contacting the tree with a drop angle control device, the other end of the tree being connected to one end of a second rigging line 15 passed through a second rigging pulley 17, and the second rigging pulley being fixed downward with respect to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique learning device; and dropping the tree at a predetermined angle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of learning a special logging technique, and more particularly, to a method of learning a lowering technique required for a special logging operation.

  For example, a technique for safely cutting trees, such as a technique for cutting trees that have grown close to railroad tracks or tracks without hindering railway operation, is called special logging technology.

  Special logging is usually performed in places where high-altitude work vehicles are difficult to enter, so it is normal to use tools while using tools, and felled trees may fall onto railway tracks or overhead lines. It is necessary to control it so that it does not touch or touch it. It is also necessary to prevent the felled tree from contacting the trunk of the tree, falling to the ground, and giving an impact to workers. As described above, in the special logging technology, not only the form of the tree but also knowledge and skills that cover various technical fields from physical laws to risk management are required.

  For example, in special logging, it is possible to control the fall of cut branches and trunks, thereby preventing accidents such as impacts on workers, falls into no-entry areas, and contact / cuts with wires. There is disclosed a technique for providing a tree cutting method or the like that is capable of cutting trees. (For example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, a special felling adoption tool that can be used at low cost and can realize various rope works by one worker is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 2).

Patent No. 5850481 Patent 2016-15954

  However, the above-mentioned patent documents relate to technologies applied at actual logging sites, and as described above, the requirements of specialist human resources in the field of special logging include not only technical aspects but also physical laws and risk management. It is necessary to improve the knowledge and skills in the technical aspects such as the above, and it is difficult to improve the skills as a professional human resource only by improving the skills only in a practical place.

  In particular, one of the elemental technologies in special logging, a technique called lowering, which lowers the falling force of the trunk during truncation work, is very difficult, and there is a technique to adjust the falling force while taking physical laws into account. Required for ground workers in special logging.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for learning a special logging technique, particularly a technique called lowering, safely and efficiently.

  One embodiment of the present invention is a method for learning a special logging technique, in which a first rigging pulley installed in a construction technique acquisition device installed substantially upright with respect to the ground is used. Attaching one end of the tree to one end of the rigging line, dropping the tree, and removing the tree from the one end of the first rigging line by contacting the tree with a drop angle control device. The other end of the tree is connected to one end of a second rigging line passed through a second rigging pulley, and the second rigging pulley is connected to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique learning device. , And a step of dropping the tree at a predetermined angle.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the method of learning safely and efficiently about the special logging technique, especially the technique called lowering can be provided.

It is a figure which shows an example of the process of dropping a tree in the learning method of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the process which controls the drop angle of a tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the process which performs the twirling of the tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a mimetic diagram explaining signs that a tree is removed from a rigging line in a learning method of a special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a mimetic diagram explaining an example of an instrument for attaching a tree which is a fall object by a 1st embodiment of the present invention to a hook. It is a mimetic diagram explaining other examples of an instrument for attaching a tree to be dropped to a hook by a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart figure explaining the learning method of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. 6 is a 6-factor graph of a falling speed and a time from a tree, a braking, an impact on a trunk, and an impact on the ground (workpiece) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The contents of the embodiment of the present invention will be listed and described. The learning method of the special logging technology according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
[Item 1]
It is a learning method of special logging technology,
Attaching one end of a tree to one end of a first rigging line passed through a first rigging pulley installed on a construction technique acquisition device installed substantially upright with respect to the ground;
Dropping the tree;
Removing the tree from one end to the first rigging line by contacting the tree with a drop angle control device, wherein the other end of the tree is passed through a second rigging pulley. Connected to one end of a rigging line, wherein the second rigging pulley is fixed downwardly with respect to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique learning device;
Dropping a tree at a predetermined angle.
[Item 2]
2. The learning method according to item 1, wherein the other end of the first rigging line is connected to a winch arranged near the ground.
[Item 3]
Item 1 is that the first rigging line has a hook at one end and an eye plate attached to one end of the tree, and the hook is connectable to the eye plate. Learning method.
[Item 4]
The learning method according to item 3, wherein the eye plate is detached from the hook by a momentum of the tree contacting the drop angle control device.
[Item 5]
The other end of the second rigging line includes a step of connecting to a fall control device capable of generating a braking force, which is arranged near the ground of the construction technique learning device, and is characterized in that it includes: Learning method.

Hereinafter, the learning method of the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a step of dropping a tree in the learning method of the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B each disclose a construction technology learning system 1.

First, in FIG. 1A, a construction technology learning system 1 includes a construction technology learning device 11 installed substantially upright with respect to the ground, and a rigging pulley 13 installed near an upper end of the construction technology learning device 11. It is configured to have a drop angle control device 16 installed below the rigging pulley 13 and near the middle stage of the construction technology learning device, and a rigging pulley 17 installed below the release angle control device 16. .

The construction technology learning device 11 can be, for example, a tree. As described above, it is preferable to have a sufficient thickness and strength for the convenience of installing various devices such as rigging pulleys, and it is preferable to have a sufficient height for learning the lowering.

The rigging pulley 13 is installed near the upper end of the construction technology learning device 11. When the construction technology learning device is a tree, the rigging pulley 13 can be installed by winding a belt with a ratchet around a trunk or a branch near the upper end. Even if it is not near the upper end, it is sufficient if it is at least above the tree to be dropped and is high enough to learn lowering. Further, it is preferable that the rigging pulley 13 can absorb the impact of the tree to be dropped.

The drop angle control device 16 is installed in the construction technology learning device 11 below the rigging pulley 13. The drop angle control device 16 receives a tree to be dropped from the direction of the rigging pulley 13 installed above. As the drop angle control device 16, for example, a member such as a log generated from a tree may be used. The drop angle control device 16 can adjust the rebound speed and angle of the tree to be dropped according to the mounting position and angle of the drop angle control device 16 with respect to the construction technology learning device 11.

The rigging pulley 17 is installed in the construction technology learning device 11 further below the release angle control device 16. When the construction technology learning device 11 is a tree, the rigging pulley 17 can be installed by winding a belt with a ratchet around a trunk or a branch.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a rigging pulley 13 passes through a rigging line 14, and one end of a tree 20 to be dropped is attached to one end of the rigging line 14. Although not shown, the other end of the rigging line 14 is connected to a braking device (for example, an engine winch) installed near the ground, and an operator operates the braking device to adjust the height of the tree 20.

One end of the rigging line 14 and one end of the tree 20 are formed, for example, by hooking a hook 22 provided on the rigging line 14 side to an eye plate 23 provided on the tree 20 side, as shown in FIG. Connected. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the eye plate 23 is made of stainless steel, and the connection portion with the hook can be formed in a ring shape, and the fixed portion with the tree can be formed in a plate shape.

Alternatively, as another example of a member that connects the tree 20 to the hook, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper end of the tree 20 is cut into a mortar shape, and an annular portion that is connected to the hook is formed in a recess formed by cutting. A member 24 consisting of an inverted conical part that fixes the annular part and fits into the tree 20 can be used. In this example, since the member 24 is fixed to the tree 20 so that the upper end of the annular portion of the member 24 is located on the same plane as the upper end of the tree 20 or lower than that, the falling tree 20 is placed on the ground. Even if the annular portion comes into contact with the ground, the surrounding portion is covered with the tree 20, so that the annular portion can be prevented from being damaged.

By connecting the hook 22 to the annular portion of the eye plate 23 in this manner, the tree 20 can be lifted by the rigging line 14. The connection method between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 is not limited to this, and other known methods may be used as long as the connection between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 is automatically released as described later. Can also.

Returning to FIG. 1A, the other end of the tree 20 is connected to one end of the rigging line 15. Unlike the connection between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 described above, the rigging line 15 and the tree 20 are always connected so as to be fixed. As a connection method, a method of connecting one end of the rigging line 15 to the tree 20 or a method of fixing an eye plate or the like to the other end of the tree 20 and connecting the rigging line 15 to an annular portion of the eye plate can be considered.

The rigging line 15 is passed through a rigging pulley 17 and is connected to a fall control device 18 installed near the ground of the construction technology learning device 11 as shown in FIG. As the fall control device 18, the porter wrap capable of generating a braking force is fixed to a tree, and the operator 19 operates the rigging line wound around the porter wrap, so that the fall and fall of the tree 20 can be performed. .

Hereinafter, the learning method of the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

First, in learning the special logging technique, the tree 20 is set at a predetermined position (S101). For example, when a worker operates a braking device (for example, an engine winch) installed near the ground (not shown), the tree 20 connected to the rigging line 14 is moved to a predetermined position as shown in FIG. The rigging line 14 is fixed by a backup device (not shown) in a state where the rigging line 14 is pulled up. The predetermined height refers to a height (for example, about 15 meters above the ground) required for lowering learning.

Next, the tree 20 is dropped (S102). For example, when a worker removes a backup device (not shown) from the rigging line 14, as shown in FIG. 1B, the tree 20 connected to the rigging line 14 can be controlled by a drop angle control installed below. Drop it toward the device 16.

Next, the drop angle of the tree 20 is controlled by bringing the tree 20 into contact with the drop angle control device 16 (S103). For example, when the tree 20 is dropped in the above-described step, the tree 20 comes into contact with the drop angle control device 16 by gravity, as shown in FIG. When the tree 20 comes into contact with the drop angle control device 16, the tree 20 rebounds in a direction different from the previous falling direction due to the repulsive action. That is, the drop angle control device 16 behaves like a jump. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the load on the hook is lost due to the lifting of the annular portion of the eye plate 23 fixed to the tree 20, and the pulling force of the spring attached to the hook 22 is combined with the predetermined force. The rigging line 14 is detached from the tree 20 by the rotation of the hook 22 having a mechanism that rotates in the range of. Thereby, the tree 20 is released from the rigging line 14 and continues to fall at a predetermined angle. This state is similar to a state in which a cutting target portion (for example, a tree trunk or a branch) cut by a chainsaw or saw in special logging falls, and can be said to be a reproduction of a real-world lowering environment.

Next, the falling speed of the tree 20 is controlled (S104). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the tree 20 falls at a predetermined angle while being connected to the rigging line 15. As described above, as shown in FIG. 3, the worker 19 on the ground can use the fall control device 18 (for example, a porter wrap) to perform braking and hoisting of the fall of the tree 20.

Here, the elements to be considered in the learning of the lowering will be discussed with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a six-factor graph of the falling speed and time from the tree, the braking, the impact on the trunk, and the impact on the ground (workpiece). The main elements are: 1) fall speed, 2) fall time, 3) impact on the trunk, 4) height from the ground to the tree, 5) ground and work line, 6) ground and work section. Impact and the like.

Regarding the falling speed, as shown in FIG. 8, the higher the falling speed of the cut tree from the tree level to the ground level, the greater the impact on the workpiece (eg, railroad track), and the worst case, destruction It can also lead. In particular, in a state close to free fall, the impact on the workpiece is maximized. Conversely, a state close to free fall corresponds to a state in which the rope attached to the cut tree is not braked, and therefore, the crown does not shake, so that the climber is safe.

On the other hand, if the braking on the rope is sharply increased in order to rapidly reduce the falling speed, the sway of the canopy becomes maximum, and the danger of the climber falling becomes serious. Therefore, by gradually reducing the deceleration braking from moderate to gradually lowering the fall speed, the fall speed can be reduced while suppressing the swaying of the canopy, and the safety of the climber while suppressing the impact on the workpiece Can be secured.

In this way, the impact on the workpiece and the safety of the climber are in a trade-off relationship, and in order to achieve these balances, adjustment of the falling speed and deceleration braking is a particularly important work in the stage of special logging lowering. Become.

Therefore, through the learning method of the special logging according to the present embodiment, the ground worker who performs the lowering work while experiencing the fall of the tree many times is required to set the fall control device for appropriately adjusting the fall speed of the tree. And operation can be learned. For example, the worker can learn the optimum number of turns for winding the rope around the porter wrap through the learning method. Further, by adjusting the height of the initial setting, the weight of the tree to be dropped, the setting of the drop angle adjusting device, and the like, it is possible to repeat learning while assuming various actual working environments.

The 6-factor graph of FIG. 8 can be displayed on a display device of a terminal carried by the worker, for example, as a tool for enhancing the learning effect of the worker. The measured fall distance, fall speed, deceleration amount, and the like are plotted on this graph, and it is possible to confirm on which arrow on the graph the operator's skill level is located.

  The above-described embodiment is merely an example for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and is not intended to limit and interpret the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Special logging learning system 11 Construction technology acquisition device 13 Rigging pulley 14 Rigging line 15 Rigging line 16 Release angle adjusting device 17 Rigging pulley 18 Fall control device 19 Ground worker 22 Hook 23 Eye plate 24 Fixing member

Claims (5)

It is a learning method of special logging technology,
Attaching one end of a tree to one end of a first rigging line passed through a first rigging pulley installed on a construction technique acquisition device installed substantially upright with respect to the ground;
Dropping the tree;
Removing the tree from one end to the first rigging line by contacting the tree with a drop angle control device, wherein the other end of the tree is passed through a second rigging pulley. Connected to one end of a rigging line, wherein the second rigging pulley is fixed downwardly with respect to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique learning device;
Dropping a tree at a predetermined angle. The learning method according to claim 1, wherein the other end of the first rigging line is connected to a winch arranged near the ground. The one end of the first rigging line is a hook, and one end of the tree is provided with an eye plate, and the hook is connectable to the eye plate. Learning method. 4. The learning method according to claim 3, wherein the eye plate is detached from the hook by a momentum of the tree contacting the drop angle control device. 5. The other end of the second rigging line includes a step of connecting to a fall control device capable of generating a braking force, which is arranged near the ground of the construction technique learning device. Learning method.