JP2020012351A - Unit building - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a unit building capable of releasing a coupling easily when adjacent building units are coupled together.SOLUTION: A unit building 10 is configured that a plurality of building unit 1,... having a skeleton formed by a beam material and a column material are coupled. In addition, the unit building 1 comprises a skeleton structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape by a column 11, a floor beam 12 suspended over between upper ends and between lower ends of the column and a ceiling beam 13, and a wall panel 2 for blocking a rectangle opening formed by the column, the floor beam and the ceiling beam, and the adjacent building units are coupled together by a coupling plate 3 suspended over between adjacent exposed side surface 11, 11 of the skeleton structure.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a unit building in which a plurality of building units each having a frame formed by beams and columns are connected.

  2. Description of the Related Art There is known a unit building constructed by connecting a plurality of building units manufactured in a factory in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction (see Patent Document 1 and the like). Here, the building unit is formed into a box-shaped frame structure by connecting columns made of square steel pipes arranged one at each of the four corners by beams formed of channel steel.

  When connecting the building units up and down, a joint pin protruding upward from the upper end surface of the pillar of the building unit on the lower floor is fitted into a fitting hole on the lower end surface of the pillar of the building unit on the upper floor where it is suspended. Insert the upper and lower pillars with bolts and nuts.

  In this Patent Document 1, the mounting of the bolts and nuts is performed through cutouts provided at the corners of the upper end and the lower end of the pillar, but after the upper and lower pillars are bolted together, the cutout is formed on the outer wall. It will not be exposed to the outside because it will be covered by the interior or the interior.

  On the other hand, Patent Literature 2 discloses an apartment house that is a skeleton-infill type unit building. This apartment house includes a structure formed in a frame shape by a structural body such as a pillar, a beam, and a floor, and a plurality of boxes (housing units) housed inside the structure.

  In such an apartment house, each housing unit is detachably attached to the living room space of the structure that bears most of the proof stress. For this reason, when a housing unit becomes obsolete or needs to be reformed, the housing unit can be partially replaced.

JP 2003-184184 A JP 2018-3259A

  However, when each building unit is provided with a frame structure as in Patent Literature 1, the adjacent building units are firmly connected to each other. When the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the column are bolted together inside the column, in order to release the bolt connection, the outer wall and the interior must be removed.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a unit building that can easily release the connection when adjacent building units are connected.

  In order to achieve the above object, a unit building of the present invention is a unit building in which a plurality of building units formed by a beam and a column are connected to each other, and at least one surface of the building unit has A wall portion is provided, and a surface on which the wall portion is provided exposes a frame surface portion formed by side surfaces of a beam member and a column member surrounding a periphery of the surface, and at least a part of the frame surface portion. And a wall portion formed on the building unit in a state in which the building units are adjacent to each other, and the adjacent building units are connected via a connection plate bridged between the adjacently exposed frame surface portions. It is characterized by being.

  For example, a unit building in which a plurality of building units each having a skeleton formed by beams and columns are connected to each other, wherein the building units are columns and floor beams and ceilings bridged between upper ends and lower ends of the columns. A frame structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape by beams, and a wall panel closing a rectangular opening formed by the columns, floor beams and ceiling beams, and the adjacent building units are adjacently exposed. The skeleton structure is connected via a connection plate spanned between side surfaces of the skeleton structure.

  Here, between the opposite floor beams of the frame structure, a floor beam having an upper surface formed at a position lower than the upper surface of the floor beam is bridged, and the wall panel is mounted on the upper surface of the floor beam. It is possible to adopt a configuration that is placed.

Further, a ceiling beam having a lower surface formed at a position higher than the lower surface of the ceiling beam is inserted between the opposed ceiling beams of the frame structure, and the wall panel is brought into contact with the lower surface of the ceiling beam. It can be configured.
The connection plate can be joined to the frame surface or the side surface of the frame structure by bolts.

  In the unit building of the present invention configured as described above, the surface on which the wall of the building unit is provided has at least one of a frame surface formed by side surfaces of beams and columns surrounding the periphery thereof, and at least one of the frame surfaces. And a wall portion formed on the building unit with the portion exposed.

Then, adjacent building units are connected via a connection plate that is bridged between adjacently exposed frame surface portions.
As described above, the connection between the frame surface portions exposed to the outside is performed by the connection plate, so that the connection can be easily released.

  For example, in a structure in which the opening of the frame structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape is closed with a wall panel, if the side surfaces of the frame structure exposed to the outside are connected by a connection plate, the connection can be easily released. Become like

  In addition, the upper surface of the floor beam spanned between the floor beams may be provided at a position lower than the upper surface of the floor beam, or the lower surface of the ceiling beam spanned between the ceiling beams may be provided at a position higher than the lower surface of the ceiling beam. The wall panels can be easily attached. If the connecting plate is joined by bolts, the release can be performed quickly.

It is explanatory drawing which expanded and showed the schematic structure of the unit building of this Embodiment, and the periphery of a connection plate. It is the perspective view which showed the apartment house as an example of a unit building. It is explanatory drawing which showed typically the process of removing one building unit from an apartment house. It is sectional drawing seen in the AA arrow direction of FIG. It is a figure explaining the state in which the horizontal force acted on the connection plate, (a) is the top view which showed typically the whole, and (b) is the explanatory view which expanded and showed the periphery of the connection plate.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the overall schematic configuration of a unit building 10 according to the present embodiment.
First, the structure of the unit building 10 will be described. In such a unit building 10, a plurality of building units 1,... Manufactured in a factory are transported to a building site, and are arranged side by side on a foundation 18. In addition to building the floors, the upper floor is constructed by stacking another (upper floor) building unit 1,... On those (lower floor) building units 1,.

  On the other hand, the building unit 1 constituting the unit building 10 has a frame formed by beams and columns. First, the building unit 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the unit building 10 as an apartment house 10A.

  The building unit 1 includes pillars 11,... Arranged at four corners, floor beams 12,. Are formed into a box-shaped frame structure by the ceiling beams 13,... Being bridged between the upper ends of the boxes 11,.

  For example, the column 11 is formed of a square steel pipe, and the floor beam 12 and the ceiling beam 13 are formed of a substantially U-shaped channel steel in cross section. Further, the pillar 11, the floor beam 12 and the ceiling beam 13 are welded to each other via a joining frame member 14. In short, the building unit 1 is a ramen structure in which all corners are welded and joined.

  Further, a plurality of ceiling beams 17 are bridged in parallel between the ceiling beams 13, 13, and a ceiling plate 172 is attached to a lower surface 171 of the ceiling beams 17 as shown in FIG. 4. A plurality of floor beams 16 are extended in parallel between the floor beams 12, 12, and a floor plate 162 is attached to the upper surface 161 of the floor beams 16.

  Here, the floor beam 16 has an upper surface 161 formed at a position lower than the upper flange 121 which is the upper surface of the floor beam 12. That is, the end of the floor beam 16 is attached while being pressed against the web 122 of the floor beam 12.

  On the other hand, the lower ceiling beam 17 has a lower surface 171 formed at a position higher than the lower flange 131 serving as the lower surface of the ceiling beam 13. That is, the end of the ceiling beam 17 is attached while being pressed against the web 132 of the ceiling beam 13.

  The lower edge 21 of the wall panel 2 forming the wall portion is placed on the upper surface 161 of the floor beam 16, and the upper edge 22 is brought into contact with the lower surface 171 of the ceiling beam 17. The wall panel 2 is mainly configured by a planar wall material and a frame material attached around the wall material.

  As the planar wall material, a plate material to which a siding board or a tile serving as an outer wall is attached can be used. The wall material is provided with openings for windows and doors where necessary. The frame material is attached so as to maintain the rigidity of the wall material, and is provided so that the outer peripheral edge such as the lower edge 21 is framed by a steel frame material, a square bar or the like.

  In addition, a square member or the like is interposed as a spacer 221 between the upper edge 22 of the wall panel 2 and the ceiling beam 13. That is, by interposing the spacer 221 between the inner side surface of the web 132 of the ceiling beam 13 and the outer side surface of the wall panel 2, the wall panel 2 can be set upright without tilting.

  Here, the wall panel 2 shown in FIG. 4 is formed completely inside the building unit 1 and has a structure for closing the opening of the frame structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape from the inside. On the other hand, the wall panel 2 on the balcony 19 side shown in FIG. 3 can have the same configuration. For example, the side edges of the wall material forming the outer wall surface are overlaid so as to protrude outside the side surface 111 of the pillar 11. It can also be configured. In short, it suffices that the portion where the connection plate 3 is attached to the frame surface portion 15 is exposed.

  The unit building 10 may be provided with an anti-vibration joint 4 in order to enhance the anti-vibration performance of the floor. The vibration-proof joint 4 is arrange | positioned at the clearance gap between the floor beams 12 and 12, as shown in FIG.

  The anti-vibration joint 4 is inserted between the upper flange portion 41 bridged between the upper flanges 121 of the floor beams 12 on both sides of the gap and the lower flanges 131 of the ceiling beams 13 of the lower floor. It is mainly constituted by a lower surface portion (not shown) to be passed and a connecting rod portion 42 for connecting the upper surface portion 41 and the lower surface portion in a gap.

  Generally, a floor is provided so as to cover the anti-vibration joint 4 from above. However, if the anti-vibration joint 4 is arranged in the gap between the wall panels 2, there is no need to hide the anti-vibration joint 4. There is no problem even if the position of the floor plate 162 is lowered by lowering the beam 16.

  In addition, since the end of the floor beam 16 is directly attached to the web 122 of the floor beam 12, the fitting for the floor beam 16 does not protrude from the upper flange 121 of the floor beam 12. The upper surface portion 41 of the vibration isolating joint 4 can be installed without receiving.

  Further, when the end of the floor beam 16 is directly attached to the web 122 of the floor beam 12 and connected in a state where the floor beams 12 are stretched, the rigidity of the floor is increased, and the vibration performance of the floor is reduced. Can be improved.

  The height of the floor plate 162 is reduced and the height of the ceiling plate 172 is increased, so that the height of the internal space (living room space) is increased by providing a floor above the floor beam 12 and below the ceiling beam 13. Since the height is higher than that of the conventional mounting structure having a ceiling, it is possible to increase the ceiling of the room space.

  The building units 1, 1 stacked vertically are first connected by joint pins 5 (see an enlarged view of FIG. 1). The joint pin 5 protrudes upward from the upper end surface of the column 11 of the building unit 1 on the lower floor. Therefore, when the building unit 1 on the upper floor is suspended, the joint pin 5 is inserted into the fitting hole on the lower end surface of the pillar 11, so that the connection can be made up and down.

  As described above, the wall provided on at least one surface of the building unit 1 includes the frame surface 15 formed by the side surfaces of the pillar 11, the floor beam 12, and the ceiling beam 13, and the frame surface surrounding the periphery of the wall. It is mainly constituted by the wall panel 2 which covers the 15 rectangular openings from the inside (see FIG. 3).

  Therefore, in the unit building 10 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, adjacent building units 1,... Are connected to each other via the connection plate 3 bridged between adjacent frame surface portions 15,. To connect.

  For example, the connection using the side surface 111 of the pillar 11 in the frame surface part 15 is performed. Specifically, as shown in the enlarged view of the lower part of FIG. 1, between the side faces 111 of the lower end of the pillars 11 adjacent to the upper floor and the side face 111 of the upper end of the adjacent pillars 11 adjacent to the lower floor. , 111 are arranged.

  The connection plate 3 is formed of, for example, a rectangular steel plate, and has holes for passing a plurality of bolts 31,. For example, eight bolt holes are drilled so that the bolts 31 can be joined to the side surface 111 of each column 11 at two places.

  In the unit building 10 of the present embodiment, the frame surface portion 15 such as the side surface 111 is exposed to the outside without being covered by the wall panel 2, so the connection plate 3 is applied from the outside and the bolt 31 is screwed. Thus, the adjacent building units 1, 1, 1, 1 can be easily connected to each other.

  Subsequently, the performance required for the connection plate 3 and the bolt 31 will be examined. Since the upper and lower building units 1 and 1 are connected by the joint pin 5 as described above, the shear force between them can be borne by the joint pin 5.

  Furthermore, since the shearing resistance of the connecting plate 3 fixed to the side surface 111 of the column 11 by the bolts 31 is added to the connecting structure of the upper and lower building units 1 and 1, it sufficiently opposes the horizontal force Pa generated by an earthquake or the like. Can be done.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the strength of the connection structure between the building units 1 and 1 that are adjacent to each other will be examined. FIG. 5A is a plan view schematically showing a state in which a horizontal force Pa is applied between the building units 1 and 1 connected by the connecting plate 3. FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the periphery of the connection plate 3 at that time.

  As shown in this figure, when the horizontal force Pa is applied, the connection plate 3 fixed to the side surface 111 of the column 11 by the bolt 31 is deformed. It is necessary to set the plate 3 not to be plastically deformed. That is, the connection plate 3 and the bolt 31 having a material and thickness that do not cause damage to the bolt 31 or the bolt hole and plastic deformation of the connection plate 3 with respect to the design horizontal force Pa are used.

Next, a method of constructing and dismantling the unit building 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in the upper diagram of FIG. 1, the building units 1, which are to be the first floor, are arranged on the foundation 18, and adjacent to the foundation 18 and the building unit 1 and side by side by the connecting plates 3, 3A and bolts 31. The building units 1 and 1 are connected. At the corner of the unit building 10, only the foundation 18 and the building unit 1 are connected by the connecting plate 3A and the bolt 31.

  At this time, if the base 18 is formed of an H-section steel, bolt connection with the connecting plates 3 and 3A can be easily performed. Further, the H-shaped steel base 18 can be easily transferred. Further, since the connecting operation is performed from the outside, the interior material is not damaged. For this reason, interior materials such as the floor and ceiling of the building unit 1 can be finished in advance at a factory or the like.

  In addition, since the connecting operation is performed to the exposed portion of the frame surface portion 15, the outer wall surface is not damaged. Although not shown, a waterproof material such as a drainer or a gasket is attached to a gap between the adjacent columns 11 and 11.

  Subsequently, the building unit 1 lifted by the crane is lowered from just above the building unit 1 on the first floor. When the building unit 1 is suspended, the joint pins 5 protruding upward from the upper end surface of the pillar 11 on the first floor are inserted into fitting holes on the lower end surface of the pillar 11 on the second floor. As a result, the first-floor building unit 1 and the second-floor building unit 1 installed directly above it are connected by the joint pins 5.

  The building units 1 similarly lifted by a crane are successively lowered beside the building units 1 on the second floor installed in this manner. Then, the building units 1 and 1 that are arranged side by side and the building units 1 and 1 that are vertically adjacent to each other are connected by the connecting plate 3 and the bolts 31.

  At the corner of the unit building 10, only the upper and lower building units 1, 1 are connected to the connection plate 3A and the bolts 31. Further, at the upper edge of the unit building 10, only the left and right building units 1, 1 are connected to the connection plate 3B and the bolts 31. The connection work on these upper floors can be performed without using a scaffold by using the balcony 19 and windows.

  The unit building 10 completed in this way can be removed by one building unit when aging or a request for remodeling is issued. That is, the connection between the adjacent building unit 1 and the frame surface 15 is released by loosening and removing the bolt 31 with respect to the connection plate 3 exposed to the outside of the building unit 1A (see FIG. 3) to be removed.

  Subsequently, the building unit 1A to be removed is slung and lifted upward by a crane. The connection between the upper and lower building units 1 and 1 by the joint pin 5 is released only by moving the building unit 1A upward.

  The building unit 1A thus removed can be installed and used in another place as it is because the outer wall surface and the interior materials are not damaged. For example, when the building unit 1A is a small store, a trunk room, or the like, the activity can be immediately resumed at the destination with the same equipment.

  Further, in the space from which the building unit 1A has been removed, the building unit 1 provided with another facility or interior can be suspended by a crane and installed. The connection between the new building unit 1 and the adjacent building unit 1 can be easily implemented if the connection plates 3, 3A, 3B and the bolts 31 are used for the frame surface portion 15 exposed to the outside. In addition, these connecting operations can be performed without using a scaffold by using the balcony 19 and windows.

Next, the operation of the unit building 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
In the unit building 10 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the surface on which the wall portion of the building unit 1 is provided has a frame surface portion 15 formed by side surfaces of beams and columns surrounding the periphery thereof, Since it is composed of the frame panel 15 and the wall panel 2 formed on the inner side of the building unit 1, for example, at least a part of the frame panel 15 is exposed.

The adjacent building units 1 and 1 are connected via the connection plate 3 bridged between the frame surface portions 15 and 15 exposed adjacent to each other.
As described above, the connection between the frame surface portions 15, 15 exposed to the outside is performed by the connection plate 3, so that the connection can be easily released.

  For example, by forming a structure in which the opening of the frame structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape is closed by the wall panel 2 from the inside, the side surfaces 111 of the frame structure exposed to the outside can be connected by the connection plate 3. Also, the connection can be easily released. In addition, there is no possibility of damaging the interior material, the outer wall, and the like during the connection work and the release work.

  If the upper surface 161 of the floor beam 16 bridged between the floor beams 12 is provided at a position lower than the upper flange 121 of the floor beam 12, the lower edge 21 of the wall panel 2 is It can be placed on the upper surface 161.

  Furthermore, if the lower surface 171 of the ceiling beam 17 provided between the ceiling beams 13, 13 is provided at a position higher than the lower flange 131 of the ceiling beam 13, the upper edge 22 of the wall panel 2 is attached to the ceiling beam 17. It can be accommodated in the ceiling beam 13 by contacting the lower surface 171. In short, the wall panel 2 can be easily attached.

  Further, if the connection plate 3 is joined to the frame surface portion 15 by tightening the bolt 31, the joining operation can be easily performed, and the release can be quickly performed only by loosening the bolt 31 from the outside.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention may be made in the present invention. Included in the invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the connection plate 3 is bolted to the frame surface portion 15 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the connection plate 3 and the frame surface portion 15 can be bonded by welding. .

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the connection between the frame surfaces 15, 15 using the side surfaces 111 of the pillars 11 has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the side surfaces of the floor beams 12 and the ceiling beams 13 are not limited thereto. It can also be used for connection of the frame surface parts 15,15.

10: Unit building 10A: Apartment house (unit building)
1, 1A: Building unit 11: Pillar (pillar material)
111: Side surface 12: Floor beam (beam material)
121: Upper flange (upper surface)
13: Ceiling beam (beam material)
131: Lower flange (lower surface)
15: Frame surface 16: Floor beam 161: Upper surface 17: Ceiling beam 171: Lower surface 2: Wall panel (wall surface)
3, 3A, 3B: Connecting plate 31: Bolt

Claims (5)

A unit building in which a plurality of building units whose frames are formed by beams and columns are connected,
A wall is provided on at least one surface of the building unit,
The surface on which the wall is provided is formed on the building unit with a frame surface formed by side surfaces of beams and columns surrounding the periphery of the surface, and at least a portion of the frame surface exposed. And the wall portion
A unit building, wherein the adjacent building units are connected to each other via a connection plate bridged between the adjacent frame surface portions. A unit building in which a plurality of building units whose frames are formed by beams and columns are connected,
The building unit has a frame structure assembled in a rectangular parallelepiped shape by columns and floor beams and ceiling beams bridged between upper ends and lower ends of the columns, and a rectangular shape formed by the columns, floor beams, and ceiling beams. With a wall panel to close the opening,
A unit building, wherein adjacent building units are connected to each other via a connection plate that is bridged between side surfaces of the frame structure that is adjacently exposed.   Between the opposed floor beams of the skeleton structure, a floor beam having an upper surface formed at a position lower than the upper surface of the floor beam is bridged, and the wall panel is placed on the upper surface of the floor beam. The unit building according to claim 2, wherein:   A ceiling beam having a lower surface formed at a position higher than the lower surface of the ceiling beam is inserted between the opposed ceiling beams of the skeleton structure, and the wall panel is brought into contact with the lower surface of the ceiling beam. The unit building according to claim 2 or 3, wherein   The unit building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the connection plate is joined to the frame surface or a side surface of the frame structure by bolts.