JP2020011276A - Dissimilar material joint structure manufacturing method and dissimilar material joint structure - Google Patents

Dissimilar material joint structure manufacturing method and dissimilar material joint structure Download PDF

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JP2020011276A
JP2020011276A JP2018136513A JP2018136513A JP2020011276A JP 2020011276 A JP2020011276 A JP 2020011276A JP 2018136513 A JP2018136513 A JP 2018136513A JP 2018136513 A JP2018136513 A JP 2018136513A JP 2020011276 A JP2020011276 A JP 2020011276A
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aluminum
low
steel
dissimilar
sprayed coating
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JP7123674B2 (en
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恭兵 前田
Kyohei Maeda
恭兵 前田
励一 鈴木
Reiichi Suzuki
励一 鈴木
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Priority to US17/257,758 priority patent/US20210291298A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2019/027457 priority patent/WO2020017420A1/en
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Abstract

To provide a dissimilar material joint structure manufacturing method by which in dissimilar material joining of aluminum or aluminum alloy material and steel material, welding can be performed by one side construction from the steel material side and a good joint coupling can be obtained, and a dissimilar material joint structure.SOLUTION: A dissimilar material joint structure manufacturing method has: a process in which at least one kind of metal power selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt and cobalt alloy is sprayed onto at least a part of a surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy material at a low temperature, thereby forming a low temperature spray coating; a process in which aluminum or aluminum alloy material and a steel material are overlapped so that the low temperature spray coating and the steel material face each other; and a process in which the low temperature coating and the steel material are joined by laser welding from the steel material side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、異材接合構造体の製造方法及び異材接合構造体に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joint structure and a dissimilar material joint structure.

近年、CO排出量の削減を目的とした車体軽量化や衝突安全性強化を実現するため、自動車のボディ骨格等に高張力鋼板(High Tensile Strength Steel:HTSS)が適用されている。 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a high-tensile steel plate (High Tensile Strength Steel: HTSS) has been applied to a body frame of an automobile or the like in order to realize a reduction in the weight of a vehicle body and an enhancement of collision safety for the purpose of reducing CO 2 emissions.

また、更なる車体軽量化を目的として、軽量なアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材とを接合した異種金属接合材についても需要が高くなっている。異種金属を接合する方法として、一般的には、釘またはネジ等で接合する方法があるが、釘またはネジは比較的高価であるため、接合材の製造コストが高くなると共に、釘またはネジの重量分だけ、得られる接合材が重くなるという問題がある。   In addition, for the purpose of further weight reduction of the vehicle body, demand for a dissimilar metal joining material in which a lightweight aluminum or aluminum alloy material and a steel material are joined has been increasing. As a method of joining dissimilar metals, there is generally a method of joining with a nail or a screw, but since the nail or the screw is relatively expensive, the manufacturing cost of the joining material increases and the nail or the screw is There is a problem that the obtained joining material becomes heavier by the weight.

一方、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材とを一般的な方法で直接溶接すると、接合界面に脆弱な金属間化合物が形成され、良好な強度を得ることができない。そこで、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材との接合において、高い強度を得ることができる溶接技術が求められている。   On the other hand, if aluminum or an aluminum alloy material and a steel material are directly welded by a general method, a brittle intermetallic compound is formed at the joint interface, and good strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, there is a demand for a welding technique capable of obtaining high strength in joining an aluminum or aluminum alloy material and a steel material.

溶接による異種金属を接合する方法として、特許文献1には、鋼からなる第1基材の表面に、コールドスプレー法によりアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金皮膜を形成し、この皮膜とアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる第2基材とを対向させて溶接する接合方法が開示されている。   As a method for joining dissimilar metals by welding, Patent Literature 1 discloses a method in which an aluminum or aluminum alloy film is formed on a surface of a first base material made of steel by a cold spray method, and a first film made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is formed using this film. A joining method in which two base materials are opposed to each other and welded is disclosed.

特開2013−188780号公報JP 2013-188780 A

ところで、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材が閉断面の押出材である場合には、高張力鋼材側からの片側施工による溶接が必要となるが、上記特許文献1に記載された接合方法は、TIG(Tungsten Inert Gas)溶接、MIG(Metal Inert Gas)溶接、及びプラズマ溶接のような、熱影響の大きいアーク溶接を用いるものである。このため、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面に、コールドスプレーにより鋼と溶接可能な金属皮膜を形成し、この皮膜と高張力鋼とを溶接する場合には、アーク溶接時に発生する多量の熱により、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材までもが溶融し、接合強度が低下するおそれがある。   By the way, when the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is an extruded material having a closed cross section, it is necessary to perform one-side welding from the high-tensile steel material side. However, the joining method described in Patent Document 1 described above uses a TIG (Tungsten). Arc welding that has a large heat influence, such as Inert Gas welding, MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding, and plasma welding, is used. For this reason, a metal film that can be welded to steel is formed on the surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy material by cold spraying, and when this film is welded to high-tensile steel, a large amount of heat generated during arc welding causes There is a possibility that even the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is melted and the bonding strength is reduced.

本発明は、前述した課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材との異材接合において、鋼材側からの片側施工による溶接が可能であり、かつ、良好な接合継手を得ることができる異材接合構造体の製造方法及び異材接合構造体を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and in dissimilar material joining between aluminum or an aluminum alloy material and steel, welding by one-sided construction from the steel material side is possible, and a good joint is obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure and a dissimilar material joined structure that can be used.

本発明に係る異材接合構造体の製造方法は、下記(1)の構成からなる。
(1) アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属粉末を低温溶射することにより低温溶射皮膜を形成する工程と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と鋼材とが対向するように、前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と前記鋼材とを重ね合わせる工程と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材とを、該鋼材側からのレーザ溶接により接合する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする異材接合構造体の製造方法。
A method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to the present invention includes the following configuration (1).
(1) A low-temperature sprayed film formed by low-temperature spraying at least one type of metal powder selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, a nickel alloy, cobalt and a cobalt alloy on at least a part of the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy material. Forming a;
Laminating the aluminum or aluminum alloy material and the steel material so that the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material face each other,
Joining the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material by laser welding from the steel material side,
A method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure, comprising:

また、本発明に係る異材接合構造体の製造方法の好ましい実施形態は、下記(2)〜(5)の構成からなる。
(2) 前記レーザ溶接は、前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材のみを溶融させる、上記(1)に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。
(3) 前記低温溶射皮膜の膜厚が0.3mm以上である、上記(1)または(2)に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。
(4) 前記鋼材の引張強度が590MPa以上である、上記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1つに記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。
(5) 前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材は,閉断面の押出材である、上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1つに記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。
A preferred embodiment of the method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to the present invention includes the following configurations (2) to (5).
(2) The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to (1), wherein the laser welding melts only the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material.
(3) The method for producing a dissimilar material bonded structure according to (1) or (2), wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more.
(4) The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the tensile strength of the steel material is 590 MPa or more.
(5) The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is an extruded material having a closed cross section.

また、本発明に係る異材接合構造体は、下記(6)の構成からなる。
(6) アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と、
前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に形成された低温溶射皮膜と、
前記低温溶射皮膜の上に重ね合わせられた鋼材と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材との溶接により形成された溶接金属と、を有し、
前記低温溶射皮膜は、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属を含むことを特徴とする異材接合構造体。
Further, the dissimilar material joining structure according to the present invention has the following configuration (6).
(6) aluminum or aluminum alloy material;
A low-temperature spray coating formed on at least a part of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material,
Steel material superimposed on the low-temperature sprayed coating,
Having a weld metal formed by welding the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material,
The dissimilar material joint structure, wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating includes at least one metal selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, and cobalt alloy.

また、本発明に係る異材接合構造体の好ましい実施形態は、下記(7)〜(10)の構成からなる。
(7) 前記溶接金属は、前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材のみが溶融することにより形成される、上記(6)に記載の異材接合構造体。
(8) 前記低温溶射皮膜の膜厚が0.3mm以上である、上記(6)または(7)に記載の異材接合構造体。
(9) 前記鋼材の引張強度が590MPa以上である、上記(6)〜(8)のいずれか1つに記載の異材接合構造体。
(10) 前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材は,閉断面の押出材である、上記(6)〜(9)のいずれか1つに記載の異材接合構造体。
In addition, a preferred embodiment of the dissimilar material joining structure according to the present invention includes the following configurations (7) to (10).
(7) The dissimilar material joint structure according to (6), wherein the weld metal is formed by melting only the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material.
(8) The dissimilar material bonded structure according to (6) or (7), wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more.
(9) The dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of (6) to (8), wherein the steel material has a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.
(10) The dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of (6) to (9) above, wherein the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is an extruded material having a closed cross section.

本発明によれば、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材との異材接合において、鋼材側からの片側施工による溶接が可能であり、かつ、良好な接合継手を得ることができる異材接合構造体の製造方法及び異材接合構造体を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the dissimilar material joining of aluminum or an aluminum alloy material and a steel material, the welding by the one side construction from a steel material side is possible, and the manufacturing method of the dissimilar material joining structure which can obtain a favorable joint joint And a dissimilar material joining structure can be provided.

図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合構造体を模式的に示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a dissimilar material joining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下に説明する実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において、任意に変更して実施することができる。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the gist of the present invention.

本発明者らは、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材との異材接合において、鋼材側からの片側施工による溶接であっても、良好な接合継手を得ることができる接合方法を得るために鋭意検討を重ねた。その結果、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に、鋼材と溶接可能な金属粉末を低温溶射して低温溶射皮膜を形成するとともに、低温溶射付膜と鋼材とを、鋼材側からのレーザ溶接により接合することにより、良好な接合継手を得ることができることを見出した。   DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to obtain a joining method capable of obtaining a good jointed joint even in welding by one-sided construction from the steel material side in dissimilar material joining between aluminum or aluminum alloy material and steel material. Stacked. As a result, on at least a part of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material, a metal powder that can be welded to a steel material is subjected to low-temperature spraying to form a low-temperature sprayed film, and the low-temperature sprayed film and the steel material are subjected to laser irradiation from the steel material side. It has been found that good joining joints can be obtained by joining by welding.

具体的には、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板の表面に、低温溶射法(コールドスプレー法)により、高速で、所定の金属粉末を噴射させて金属皮膜(低温溶射皮膜)を形成すると、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板と金属皮膜とは高強度の機械的な結合が得られるため、その後の鋼材とのレーザ溶接により得られた異材接合構造体についても良好な接合継手が得られることが分かった。   Specifically, when a predetermined metal powder is sprayed at a high speed on a surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate by a low-temperature spraying method (cold spray method) to form a metal film (low-temperature sprayed film), the aluminum or aluminum alloy is formed. Since a high-strength mechanical bond was obtained between the plate and the metal film, it was found that a good joint could be obtained even with a dissimilar joint structure obtained by subsequent laser welding with steel.

よって、低温溶射に用いる金属粉末の成分と、鋼材の種類を適切に選択することが、良好な接合継手を得る上で重要であると考えられる。   Therefore, it is considered that it is important to appropriately select the component of the metal powder used for low-temperature spraying and the type of the steel material in order to obtain a good joint.

以上より、本実施形態に係る異材接合構造体の製造方法は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属粉末を低温溶射することにより低温溶射皮膜を形成する工程と、低温溶射皮膜と鋼材とが対向するように、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と鋼材とを重ね合わせる工程と、低温溶射皮膜と鋼材とを、鋼材側からのレーザ溶接により接合する工程と、を有する。   From the above, the manufacturing method of the dissimilar material joined structure according to the present embodiment, at least a part of the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy material, pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt and at least one selected from cobalt alloy Forming a low-temperature sprayed coating by spraying one kind of metal powder at a low temperature; laminating an aluminum or aluminum alloy material and a steel so that the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel are opposed to each other; Joining the steel material by laser welding from the steel material side.

図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る異材接合構造体を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る異材接合構造体10は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2の表面の少なくとも一部に、低温溶射皮膜1が形成されている。また、低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3とが対向するように、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2と鋼材3とが重ね合わされている。更に、鋼材3側から照射されるレーザビームLにより、低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3とがレーザ溶接され、低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3との溶融により溶接金属(溶接ビード)4が形成されている。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a dissimilar material joining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, in a dissimilar material bonding structure 10 according to the present embodiment, a low-temperature sprayed film 1 is formed on at least a part of the surface of aluminum or an aluminum alloy material 2. Further, the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 and the steel material 3 are overlapped so that the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 face each other. Further, the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel 3 are laser-welded by the laser beam L irradiated from the steel 3 side, and a weld metal (weld bead) 4 is formed by melting the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel 3. .

低温溶射皮膜1は、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属を含むものである。なお、図示しないが、低温溶射により高速で金属粉末が吹きつけられた、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2の表面は、多量の金属粉末により微細な凹凸が形成されているため、低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3とは、アンカー効果によって機械的に強固に接合されている。   The low-temperature sprayed coating 1 contains at least one metal selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, and cobalt alloy. Although not shown, the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 on which the metal powder is sprayed at a high speed by the low-temperature spraying has fine irregularities formed by a large amount of the metal powder. 3 is mechanically and firmly joined by the anchor effect.

続いて、図1に基づいて、本実施形態に係る異材接合構造体の製造方法を具体的に説明する。
まず、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2の表面の少なくとも一部に、コールドスプレー法により低温溶射皮膜1を形成する。コールドスプレー法とは、ガスと金属粉末とを音速以上の高速で対象物に吹きつけることにより低温溶射皮膜1を形成する方法である。この方法は、使用するガス種、圧力、温度、金属粉末の粒子径等を適宜選択して実施することができる。
なお、溶射皮膜を形成する方法としては、上記コールドスプレー法以外に、プラズマ溶射やアーク溶射などその他の溶射方法が考えられるが、これらはガス温度が高く、比較的融点の低いアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2を溶解させるおそれがあるため、好ましくない。
Subsequently, a method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to the present embodiment will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
First, a low-temperature spray coating 1 is formed on at least a part of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 by a cold spray method. The cold spray method is a method of forming a low-temperature sprayed film 1 by spraying a gas and a metal powder onto an object at a speed higher than the speed of sound. This method can be carried out by appropriately selecting a gas type, a pressure, a temperature, a particle diameter of the metal powder and the like to be used.
As a method of forming the thermal spray coating, other thermal spraying methods such as plasma spraying and arc spraying can be considered in addition to the cold spraying method. However, these methods have a high gas temperature and have a relatively low melting point, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy material. 2 is not preferred because of the possibility of dissolving 2.

その後、得られた低温溶射皮膜1の上に鋼材3を配置し、鋼材3におけるアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2に面する側と反対側からレーザ溶接することにより、低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3とを溶融させて溶接金属4を形成し、異材接合構造体10を製造することができる。   After that, the steel material 3 is placed on the obtained low-temperature sprayed coating 1, and the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 are welded by laser welding from the side of the steel material 3 opposite to the side facing the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2. The dissimilar metal joint structure 10 can be manufactured by melting the weld metal 4.

ここで、レーザ溶接は、アーク溶接などの他の溶接法に比べ、入熱が低く、熱影響が小さい溶接法である。アーク溶接の場合を用いた場合には、溶接時に発生する熱がアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2まで到達しやすいため、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2までもが溶融し、接合強度が低下するおそれがある。しかし、レーザ溶接を用いた場合には、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2への熱影響を最小限に抑え、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2の溶融を抑制することができるため、接合強度の低下を防止し、良好な接合継手を得ることができる。   Here, laser welding is a welding method that has lower heat input and less heat influence than other welding methods such as arc welding. When the case of arc welding is used, since the heat generated at the time of welding easily reaches the aluminum or the aluminum alloy material 2, even the aluminum or the aluminum alloy material 2 is melted, and the joining strength may be reduced. However, when laser welding is used, the influence of heat on the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 can be minimized, and the melting of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 can be suppressed. And good joints can be obtained.

なお、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2への熱影響をより最小限に抑えるためには、低温溶射皮膜1及び鋼材3のみを溶融させるよう、適切な溶接条件を選択することが好ましい。レーザ溶接条件としては、熱源、出力、溶接速度、溶接部の直径、及び低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3との間隔等を適宜選択することができる。   In order to minimize the thermal effect on the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2, it is preferable to select appropriate welding conditions so that only the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 are melted. As the laser welding conditions, a heat source, an output, a welding speed, a diameter of a welded portion, an interval between the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 and the like can be appropriately selected.

続いて、本実施形態に係る製造方法において、低温溶射皮膜1、その材料となる金属粉末、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2及び鋼材3について、以下に詳細に説明する。   Subsequently, in the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, the low-temperature sprayed coating 1, the metal powder as the material, the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2, and the steel material 3 will be described in detail below.

<金属粉末の金属種:純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種>
低温溶射皮膜1と鋼材3とをレーザ溶接により接合するためには、低温溶射皮膜1の材料として、鋼材3と所望の接合強度で溶接することができると共に、溶接金属4の特性が良好となる金属材料を選択することが重要である。金属粉末として、例えば、CrやNiなど焼入れ元素が多量に添加されたステンレス鋼(SUS)を使用すると、鋼材3が高張力鋼板やホットスタンプ材である場合に、母材希釈を受けた溶接金属4の全てもしくは一部がマルテンサイト変態し、硬度が高くなりすぎて、接合強度(継手強度)が低下したり、割れが発生したりするおそれがある。よって、コールドスプレーに用いる金属粉末としては、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属を含む粉末を使用する。
<Metal type of metal powder: at least one selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt and cobalt alloy>
In order to join the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 by laser welding, the material of the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 can be welded to the steel material 3 with a desired bonding strength, and the properties of the weld metal 4 are improved. It is important to choose a metal material. For example, when stainless steel (SUS) to which a large amount of quenching elements such as Cr and Ni are added as the metal powder, if the steel material 3 is a high-tensile steel plate or a hot stamped material, the weld metal diluted with the base metal is used. All or a part of No. 4 is transformed into martensite, and the hardness becomes too high, so that the joining strength (joint strength) may be reduced or cracks may be generated. Therefore, a powder containing at least one metal selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, a nickel alloy, cobalt, and a cobalt alloy is used as the metal powder used for the cold spray.

なお、本明細書において、純鉄とは、工業用として容易に入手が可能であり、純度が99.9質量%以上のものを表す。また、炭素鋼とは、鉄と炭素を主成分とし,ケイ素,マンガンおよび不純物リン,硫黄,銅を微量に含む鉄鋼材料を表す。なお、ニッケル合金としては、通称インコネル合金、インコロイ合金、ハステロイ合金と呼ばれるNiを主成分として、Mo、Fe、Co、Cr、Mnなどを適当量添加した合金を用いることができる。   In addition, in this specification, pure iron means what can be obtained easily for industrial use, and has a purity of 99.9 mass% or more. Carbon steel refers to a steel material containing iron and carbon as main components and containing trace amounts of silicon, manganese, and impurities phosphorus, sulfur, and copper. In addition, as the nickel alloy, an alloy containing Ni as a main component, commonly called an Inconel alloy, an Incoloy alloy, or a Hastelloy alloy, to which Mo, Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, or the like is added in an appropriate amount can be used.

<金属粉末の粒子径及び形状>
低温溶射皮膜1の材料となる金属粉末の粒子径については特に限定されないが、コールドスプレーのガス圧を1MPa以下の低圧条件とした場合には、例えば20μm以下であることが好ましく、10μm以下であることがより好ましい。
一方、ガス圧を1MPa〜5MPaの高圧条件とした場合には、例えば50μm以下であることが好ましく、30μm以下であることがより好ましい。
金属粉末の粒子形状についても特に限定されないが、流動性の観点から球状であることが好ましい。
<Particle size and shape of metal powder>
The particle size of the metal powder used as the material of the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 is not particularly limited, but when the gas pressure of the cold spray is set to a low pressure condition of 1 MPa or less, for example, it is preferably 20 μm or less, and preferably 10 μm or less. Is more preferable.
On the other hand, when the gas pressure is a high pressure condition of 1 MPa to 5 MPa, for example, it is preferably 50 μm or less, and more preferably 30 μm or less.
The particle shape of the metal powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably spherical from the viewpoint of fluidity.

<作動ガスの種類>
コールドスプレーにおいて使用するガスについては特に限定されないが、一般的には、空気、窒素、ヘリウムまたはそれらの混合ガスを用いて行われる。一方、低温溶射皮膜が酸化すると、レーザ溶接性に悪影響を及ぼすおそれがあるため、ガス種として窒素やヘリウムを用いるのが好ましい。
<Type of working gas>
The gas used in the cold spray is not particularly limited, but is generally performed using air, nitrogen, helium, or a mixed gas thereof. On the other hand, if the low-temperature sprayed coating is oxidized, the laser weldability may be adversely affected. Therefore, it is preferable to use nitrogen or helium as a gas species.

<作動ガスの温度>
上述の通り、コールドスプレーにおいて使用するガスの温度が高い場合には、低温溶射皮膜1の基材となるアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2を溶解させるおそれがある。よって、作動ガスの温度は、コールドスプレーに用いられる金属粉末の融点よりも低い温度とすることが好ましい。
<Temperature of working gas>
As described above, when the temperature of the gas used in the cold spray is high, the aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 serving as the base material of the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 may be melted. Therefore, it is preferable that the temperature of the working gas be lower than the melting point of the metal powder used for the cold spray.

<低温溶射皮膜の膜厚>
コールドスプレーにより形成する低温溶射皮膜1の膜厚が0.3mm未満であると、低温溶射皮膜1及び鋼材3のみを溶融させるような溶接条件を適宜選択したとしても、レーザビームLのバラつきの影響により、低温溶射皮膜1及び鋼材3のみを溶融させることが困難となる場合があるため、ロバスト性が低くなる。
そこで、低温溶射皮膜1の膜厚を0.3mm以上とすることにより、レーザビームLのバラつきに柔軟に対応することができるため、厳しい条件設定が不要となる。よって、低温溶射皮膜の膜厚は0.3mm以上であることが好ましく、0.6mm以上であることがより好ましい。
一方、低温溶射皮膜の膜厚が3mmを超えると、成膜時間が長くなり、製造コストアップとなるおそれがある。従って、低温溶射皮膜の膜厚は3mm以下であることが好ましく、2mm以下であることがより好ましい。
<Thickness of low-temperature spray coating>
If the thickness of the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 formed by cold spraying is less than 0.3 mm, even if welding conditions for melting only the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel material 3 are appropriately selected, the influence of the dispersion of the laser beam L is affected. As a result, it may be difficult to melt only the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 and the steel 3, so that the robustness is reduced.
Therefore, by setting the thickness of the low-temperature sprayed coating 1 to 0.3 mm or more, it is possible to flexibly cope with the variation of the laser beam L, and it is not necessary to set strict conditions. Therefore, the thickness of the low-temperature sprayed coating is preferably 0.3 mm or more, and more preferably 0.6 mm or more.
On the other hand, when the thickness of the low-temperature sprayed coating exceeds 3 mm, the deposition time is lengthened, and the production cost may be increased. Therefore, the thickness of the low-temperature sprayed coating is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less.

<アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材>
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材2についても特に限定されないが、自動車等に用いる部材に適用する場合には、強度の観点から、2000系、5000系、6000系及び7000系等のアルミニウム合金材を用いることが好ましい。なお、本実施形態においては、鋼材3側からの片側施工による溶接が可能なレーザ溶接を用いることから、自動車等の分野で多用される閉断面の押出材であっても問題なく使用することができる。
<Aluminum or aluminum alloy material>
The aluminum or aluminum alloy material 2 is not particularly limited, but when applied to a member used for an automobile or the like, from the viewpoint of strength, an aluminum alloy material such as 2000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series, and 7000 series may be used. preferable. In addition, in this embodiment, since the laser welding which can be welded by one side construction from the steel material 3 side is used, it is possible to use even a closed-section extruded material frequently used in the field of automobiles and the like without any problem. it can.

<鋼材>
鋼材3としては、一般的に鉄鋼と呼ばれる金属からなる部材であれば特に限定されない。ただし、近年、自動車のボディ骨格等に用いられる鋼板としては、車体軽量化や衝突安全性強化を目的として高張力鋼材(ハイテン材)等が多用されている。鋼−アルミの異材接合法として普及している機械的接合法では、引張強度が590MPa以上の鋼板に適用することが困難である。よって、引張強度が590MPa以上の高張力鋼板において本発明は特に有効である。
<Steel>
The steel material 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is a member made of a metal generally called steel. However, in recent years, as a steel sheet used for a body frame of an automobile, a high-tensile steel material (high-tensile material) or the like has been frequently used for the purpose of reducing the weight of a vehicle body and enhancing collision safety. It is difficult to apply to a steel plate having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more by a mechanical joining method which is widely used as a dissimilar material joining method between steel and aluminum. Therefore, the present invention is particularly effective for a high-tensile steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.

以下、実施例および比較例を挙げて本発明について詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

<実施例>
まず、板厚が3mmであるアルミニウム合金板の表面に、コールドスプレーを用いて金属皮膜(低温溶射皮膜)を形成した。
その後、得られた金属皮膜を介して、アルミニウム合金板と重なるように、板厚が1.4mmである鋼板を配置し、鋼板における、金属皮膜に接する面と反対側の面からレーザ照射することにより金属皮膜と鋼板とをレーザ溶接し、異材接合構造体を製造した。なお、レーザの照射はガルバノスキャナにより制御し、図1に示すように、円形状に溶接した。
<Example>
First, a metal film (low-temperature sprayed film) was formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate having a thickness of 3 mm using cold spray.
After that, a steel plate having a thickness of 1.4 mm is arranged so as to overlap the aluminum alloy plate via the obtained metal film, and laser irradiation is performed from a surface of the steel plate opposite to a surface in contact with the metal film. By laser welding of the metal film and the steel plate to produce a dissimilar material bonded structure. The laser irradiation was controlled by a galvano scanner, and welding was performed in a circular shape as shown in FIG.

供試材、コールドスプレーの条件、及び溶接条件を以下に示す。
[供試材]
アルミニウム合金板:7N01
鋼板:ホットスタンプ材(22MnB鋼、引張強度1500MPa級)
[コールドスプレーの条件]
ガス種:窒素
ガス圧:4MPa
ガスの温度:750〜1100℃
金属粉末の粒子径:10〜50μm
[レーザ溶接条件]
熱源:ファイバーレーザ
出力:2.5〜3.5kW
速度:4m/min
ビーム集光直径:φ0.6mm
レーザ走査軌跡:円状
溶接部直径(円の直径):φ6mm狙い
シールドガス:なし
ギャップ(板隙):0〜0.3mm
The test materials, cold spray conditions, and welding conditions are shown below.
[Test material]
Aluminum alloy plate: 7N01
Steel plate: hot stamping material (22MnB steel, tensile strength 1500 MPa class)
[Cold spray condition]
Gas type: Nitrogen Gas pressure: 4MPa
Gas temperature: 750-1100 ° C
Particle size of metal powder: 10 to 50 μm
[Laser welding conditions]
Heat source: fiber laser Output: 2.5 to 3.5 kW
Speed: 4m / min
Beam focusing diameter: φ0.6mm
Laser scanning trajectory: circular Welded part diameter (diameter of circle): φ6 mm Shield gas: None Gap (plate space): 0 to 0.3 mm

<比較例>
板厚が3mmであるアルミニウム合金板の表面に、コールドスプレーを用いた金属皮膜(低温溶射皮膜)を形成せずに、アルミニウム合金板と板厚が1.4mmである鋼板を重ね合わせた。続いて、鋼板における、アルミニウム合金板に接する面と反対側の面からレーザ照射することによりアルミニウム合金板と鋼板とをレーザ溶接し、異材接合構造体を製造した。なお、実施例と同様、レーザの照射はガルバノスキャナにより制御し、円形状に溶接した。また、レーザ溶接条件についても実施例と同様とした。
<Comparative example>
Without forming a metal film (low-temperature sprayed film) using cold spray on the surface of an aluminum alloy plate having a thickness of 3 mm, a steel plate having a thickness of 1.4 mm was overlapped with the aluminum alloy plate. Subsequently, the aluminum alloy plate and the steel plate were laser-welded by irradiating a laser beam from the surface of the steel plate opposite to the surface in contact with the aluminum alloy plate, thereby producing a dissimilar material bonded structure. As in the embodiment, laser irradiation was controlled by a galvano scanner, and welding was performed in a circular shape. The laser welding conditions were the same as in the example.

その後、得られた異材接合構造体について、継手に対して断面マクロ観察をおこない、溶け込み及び溶接欠陥の状況を調べた。
溶け込み及び溶接欠陥の評価基準としては、鋼材と金属皮膜との間のみで溶接金属が形成され、アルミニウム合金板が溶融しなかったものを○(評価:良)とした。溶接金属がアルミニウム合金板まで到達し、アルミニウム合金板が溶融したもののうち、鋼材とアルミが接合されていたものを△(評価:可)、接合されていなかったものを×(評価:不可)とした。
Thereafter, for the obtained dissimilar material joined structure, macroscopic observation of a cross section was performed on the joint, and the state of penetration and welding defects was examined.
As evaluation criteria for penetration and welding defects, those in which the weld metal was formed only between the steel material and the metal film and the aluminum alloy plate did not melt were evaluated as ○ (evaluation: good). When the weld metal reached the aluminum alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate was melted, the steel and aluminum were joined together as △ (evaluation: acceptable), and those not joined were given x (evaluation: unacceptable) did.

コールドスプレーで用いた金属粉末の材料、形成した金属皮膜の膜厚、レーザ溶接条件(出力、ギャップ)及び評価結果(溶け込み及び溶接欠陥の状況)を下記表1に示す。   The material of the metal powder used in the cold spray, the thickness of the formed metal film, the laser welding conditions (output, gap), and the evaluation results (the state of penetration and welding defects) are shown in Table 1 below.

上記表1に示すように、実施例である試験No.1〜5は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板の表面に金属皮膜を形成し、金属皮膜と鋼材とをレーザ溶接することにより異材接合構造体を製造したものであり、金属皮膜となる金属粉末の材料が本発明の範囲内であるため、良好な接合継手が得られた。
特に、試験No.1〜4は金属皮膜の膜厚が本発明の好ましい範囲内であるため、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金板まで溶融部分が到達することなく、金属皮膜と鋼板のみをレーザ溶接することができ、より優れた性質の溶接部を得ることができた。
また、溶け込み及び溶接欠陥の評価が○であった試験No.3は、強度試験をおこなった結果、引張せん断強度が8.7kN、十字引張強度が5kNであり、良好な継手強度が得られることが確認できた。なお、強度試験は、JIS Z3136およびJIS Z3137に従い、引張せん断強度および十字引張強度を測定した。引張試験の試験速度は、ともに10mm/minとした。
As shown in Table 1 above, Test No. Nos. 1 to 5 are those in which a metal film is formed on the surface of an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate and a dissimilar joint structure is manufactured by laser welding the metal film and a steel material. Since it was within the range of the present invention, a good joint was obtained.
In particular, the test No. Since the thickness of the metal film of 1-4 is within the preferable range of the present invention, the molten portion does not reach the aluminum or aluminum alloy plate, and only the metal film and the steel plate can be laser-welded. A weld of the nature could be obtained.
Test No. in which the evaluation of penetration and welding defect was ○. As for No. 3, as a result of a strength test, the tensile shear strength was 8.7 kN and the cross tensile strength was 5 kN, and it was confirmed that good joint strength was obtained. In the strength test, tensile shear strength and cross tensile strength were measured in accordance with JIS Z3136 and JIS Z3137. The test speed of the tensile test was 10 mm / min.

一方、比較例である試験No.6は溶接後鋼材とアルミの接合が認められず、使用に適さないものとなった。   On the other hand, in Test No. Sample No. 6 was unsuitable for use because no joining of steel and aluminum was observed after welding.

以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、鋼材側からの片側施工による溶接が可能であり、かつ、良好な接合継手を得ることができる異材接合構造体を提供することができる。   As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dissimilar material joint structure that enables welding by one-sided construction from the steel material side and that can obtain a favorable joint.

1 低温溶射皮膜
2 アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材
3 鋼材
4 溶接金属(溶接ビード)
10 異材接合構造体
L レーザビーム
Reference Signs List 1 low-temperature sprayed coating 2 aluminum or aluminum alloy material 3 steel material 4 weld metal (weld bead)
10 Dissimilar material joining structure L Laser beam

Claims (10)

アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属粉末を低温溶射することにより低温溶射皮膜を形成する工程と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と鋼材とが対向するように、前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と前記鋼材とを重ね合わせる工程と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材とを、該鋼材側からのレーザ溶接により接合する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする異材接合構造体の製造方法。
Forming a low-temperature sprayed coating on at least a part of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material by performing low-temperature spraying of at least one metal powder selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt and a cobalt alloy; Process and
Laminating the aluminum or aluminum alloy material and the steel material so that the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material face each other,
Joining the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material by laser welding from the steel material side,
A method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure, comprising:
前記レーザ溶接は、前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材のみを溶融させる、請求項1に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。   The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding melts only the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material. 前記低温溶射皮膜の膜厚が0.3mm以上である、請求項1または2に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。   The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material bonded structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more. 前記鋼材の引張強度が590MPa以上である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。   The method for producing a dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the steel material has a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. 前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材は,閉断面の押出材である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の異材接合構造体の製造方法。   The method for manufacturing a dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is an extruded material having a closed cross section. アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材と、
前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材の表面の少なくとも一部に形成された低温溶射皮膜と、
前記低温溶射皮膜の上に重ね合わせられた鋼材と、
前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材との溶接により形成された溶接金属と、を有し、
前記低温溶射皮膜は、純鉄、炭素鋼、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、コバルト及びコバルト合金から選択された少なくとも1種の金属を含むことを特徴とする異材接合構造体。
Aluminum or aluminum alloy material,
A low-temperature spray coating formed on at least a part of the surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy material,
Steel material superimposed on the low-temperature sprayed coating,
Having a weld metal formed by welding the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material,
The dissimilar material joint structure, wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating includes at least one metal selected from pure iron, carbon steel, nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, and cobalt alloy.
前記溶接金属は、前記低温溶射皮膜と前記鋼材のみが溶融することにより形成される、請求項6に記載の異材接合構造体。   The dissimilar metal joined structure according to claim 6, wherein the weld metal is formed by melting only the low-temperature sprayed coating and the steel material. 前記低温溶射皮膜の膜厚が0.3mm以上である、請求項6または7に記載の異材接合構造体。   The dissimilar material joined structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the low-temperature sprayed coating has a thickness of 0.3 mm or more. 前記鋼材の引張強度が590MPa以上である、請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載の異材接合構造体。   The dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the steel material has a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. 前記アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金材は,閉断面の押出材である、請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載の異材接合構造体。   The dissimilar material joined structure according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the aluminum or aluminum alloy material is an extruded material having a closed cross section.
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