JP2020009116A - Power generation reserved capacity measurement system and power generation reserved capacity measurement method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a power generation reserved capacity measurement system and power generation reserved capacity measurement method capable of measuring a power generation reserved capacity irrespective of a voltage state of an electric power system without the necessity of using an actinometer or thermometer.SOLUTION: A power generation reserved capacity measurement system includes a solar light generation unit 11 having a solar light panel, and an electric power control unit 16 that is connected to an electric power system 12 and controls electric power to be generated by the solar light generation unit 11. The electric power control unit 16 includes an output voltage control block that varies the output voltage of the solar light panel 15, and a power generation reserved capacity calculation block that calculates a power generation reserved capacity of the solar light generation unit 11 on the basis of the output voltage of the solar light panel 15. The power generation reserved capacity calculation block compares first maximum electric power, which is based on the first current-voltage characteristics of the solar light panel 15 acquired in advance, with second maximum electric power, which is based on the second current-voltage characteristics of the solar light panel 15 estimated when the voltage of the solar light panel 15 is varied by the output voltage control block, and calculates a power generation reserved capacity of the solar light panel 15.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation reserve measurement device and a power generation reserve measurement method, for example, relates to a power generation reserve measurement device and a power generation reserve measurement method that are suitably used for measuring the power generation reserve of a photovoltaic power generation facility.

  In recent years, practical use of a power supply system in which a distributed power supply is connected to a power system has been advanced. In such a power supply system, a distributed power source such as a photovoltaic power generation facility and a power storage facility installed in each consumer is connected to a power system via a power conditioning system (PCS: Power Conditioning System) (for example, a power supply system). And Patent Document 1). The power conditioning system controls DC power output from a photovoltaic power generation facility or a power storage facility, and controls DC power to be converted to AC power and supplies the AC power to a distribution line.

JP 2017-200286 A

  In recent years, as the number of photovoltaic power generation facilities has increased, it has become necessary to secure reserve power generation capacity for power systems such as thermal power generation. Under normal operating conditions, the photovoltaic power generation performs the normal operation at the maximum power point by the maximum power point tracking control (MPPT: Maximun Power Point Tracking), so that there is no power generation reserve. On the other hand, the photovoltaic power generation may perform an output suppression operation. During the output suppression operation, the photovoltaic power generation is operated while securing a certain power generation reserve (capacity to increase the generated power). However, in solar power generation, the output greatly changes due to changes in the amount of solar radiation and temperature.However, when the amount of solar radiation and temperature changes during output suppression operation, how much actual reserve power is secured? Is unknown.

  The reserve power generation during the output suppression operation of the photovoltaic power generation facility is obtained by changing the output voltage of the solar panel of the photovoltaic power generation facility from the power generation output suppression state to the maximum power generation state. However, in the case of a solar panel, the active power greatly changes depending on the state of the voltage of the power system. was there. It is also considered to calculate the output voltage of solar panels of solar power generation equipment using a pyranometer and a thermometer, but it is necessary to install a separate pyranometer and thermometer for each solar power generation facility. And it was actually difficult to realize. As described above, in the conventional technique, it is difficult to arbitrarily measure the power generation reserve without using the pyranometer and the thermometer, regardless of the voltage state of the power system.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and does not use a pyranometer, a thermometer, or the like, and can measure a power generation reserve without depending on a voltage state of a power system. And a method for measuring the power generation reserve.

  A power generation reserve measuring device according to the present invention includes: a solar power generation unit including at least one solar panel that generates power using light energy; and a power control that is connected to a power system and controls generated power of the solar power generation unit. And an output voltage control unit that changes the output voltage of the solar panel, and calculates a power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit based on the output voltage of the solar panel. A power generation reserve calculation unit that calculates a first maximum power based on a first current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel obtained in advance, and the output voltage control unit controls the solar panel. The power generation reserve of the solar panel is calculated by comparing a second maximum power based on a second current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel estimated by changing the output voltage of the solar panel.

  According to the above-mentioned power generation reserve measurement device, a pyranometer and a thermometer are used by comparing the first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristic with the second maximum power based on the second current-voltage characteristic. In addition, the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit during the output suppression operation can be measured while reducing the adverse effect on the power system. Accordingly, the power generation reserve measurement device can more accurately grasp the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit than in the past, so that the solar power generation unit can also secure inertia. As a result, the power generation reserve measurement device can secure the inertial power of the photovoltaic power generation and can also conduct business using the photovoltaic power generation reserve power. Not only can calculations be made, but also calculations such as compensation that can occur during solar power generation become easier.

  In the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present invention, the output voltage control unit changes the output voltage of the solar panel to an open voltage or more, and then reduces the output voltage to a measurement voltage at which a current flows in the solar panel, It is preferable that the power generation reserve calculation unit obtains the first current-voltage characteristic based on the open-circuit voltage and estimates the second current-voltage characteristic based on the measured voltage. With this configuration, the power generation reserve power measuring device acquires the first current-voltage characteristic based on the open-circuit voltage that is the maximum value of the generated power of the solar panel, and measures the actual operation conditions of the solar panel. Since the second current-voltage characteristic can be estimated based on the voltage, the power generation reserve can be measured more accurately.

  In the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present invention, the power generation reserve calculation unit changes the output voltage of the solar panel to the open voltage or more by the output voltage control unit. Preferably, one current-voltage characteristic is stored, and the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated based on the stored at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel. With this configuration, the power generation reserve measuring device can estimate the second current-voltage characteristic based on the current-voltage characteristics stored in the process of changing the voltage value of the solar panel, so that the power generation reserve can be measured more accurately. Becomes possible.

  In the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present invention, the solar power generation unit includes a plurality of the solar panels, and the power generation reserve calculation unit calculates the power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels. It is preferable to calculate the power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit based on With this configuration, the power generation reserve measurement device can measure the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit based on the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel, and thus can easily measure the power generation reserve. .

  The power generation reserve measurement device according to the present invention includes a plurality of the photovoltaic power generation units, and the power generation reserve calculation unit calculates a plurality of the power generation reserves based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels. It is preferable to calculate the power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit. With this configuration, the power generation reserve measurement device can measure the power generation reserve of the plurality of photovoltaic power generation units based on the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel, so that the power generation reserve can be easily measured. Becomes

  The power generation reserve measurement method according to the present invention includes the first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristics of the solar panel obtained in advance, and the solar panel estimated by changing the voltage of the solar panel. The method further includes a power generation reserve calculation step of calculating a power generation reserve of the solar panel by comparing the second power with a second maximum power based on a second current-voltage characteristic.

  According to the above-described power generation reserve measurement method, a pyranometer and a thermometer are used by comparing the first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristic with the second maximum power based on the second current-voltage characteristic. In addition, the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit during the output suppression operation can be measured while reducing the adverse effect on the power system. Accordingly, the power generation reserve measurement method can more accurately grasp the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit than in the past, so that the photovoltaic power generation unit can also maintain inertia. As a result, not only can the inertia of the solar power generation be secured, business using the power generation reserve of the solar power generation can be performed, and not only can the output suppression amount during the operation of the solar power generation unit be calculated, Calculation of compensation money or the like that can occur at the time of photovoltaic power generation becomes easy.

  In the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present invention, in the power generation reserve calculation step, the voltage value of the solar panel is changed to an open voltage or more, and then reduced to a measurement voltage at which a current flows through the solar panel. Preferably, the first current-voltage characteristic is obtained based on the open-circuit voltage, and the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated based on the measured voltage. According to this method, the power generation reserve measurement method obtains the first current-voltage characteristic based on the open-circuit voltage that is the maximum value of the generated power of the solar panel, and measures the actual operation conditions of the solar panel. Since the second current-voltage characteristic can be estimated based on the voltage, the power generation reserve can be measured more accurately.

  In the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present invention, at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel is stored and stored in the process of changing the voltage value of the solar panel to the open voltage or more. Preferably, the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated based on at least one current-voltage characteristic of the panel. According to this method, the power generation reserve measurement method can estimate the second current-voltage characteristic based on the current-voltage characteristics stored in the process of changing the voltage value of the solar panel, so that the power generation reserve can be measured more accurately. Becomes possible.

  In the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present invention, the method includes a solar power generation unit having a plurality of the solar panels, and based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels, It is preferable to calculate the power generation reserve. According to this method, the power generation reserve measurement method can measure the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit based on the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel, so that the power generation reserve can be easily measured. .

  In the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present invention, a plurality of solar power generation units having at least one solar panel are provided, and the plurality of solar power generation units are calculated based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one solar panel. It is preferable to calculate the power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit. According to this method, the power generation reserve measurement method can measure the power generation reserve of a plurality of solar power generation units based on the power generation reserve of at least one small number of solar panels. Becomes possible.

  Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a power generation reserve measurement device and a power generation reserve measurement method capable of measuring a power generation reserve without using a pyranometer, a thermometer, or the like and regardless of a voltage state of a power system.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between current and voltage of a solar panel. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the solar radiation intensity of the solar panel, the voltage, and the current. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the temperature of the solar panel, the voltage, and the current. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the number of solar panels and current and voltage when a plurality of solar panels are connected in series. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the number of solar panels and current and voltage when a plurality of solar panels are connected in parallel. FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of the power generation reserve measurement device according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the power control unit according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the current-voltage characteristics of the solar panel according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a first step of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a first step of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the second step and the third step of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a fourth step of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the power generation reserve in consideration of the voltage of the power system according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of power generation reserve control by the power generation reserve measurement device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

  First, the output characteristics of the solar panel according to the present embodiment will be briefly described. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between current and voltage of a solar panel. As shown in FIG. 1, in the solar panel, the current when the voltage applied to the outside is 0 V is the short-circuit current (Isc), and the voltage when the current flowing to the outside is 0 A is the open-circuit voltage (Voc). In the solar panel, as the load between the electrodes increases, the current decreases and the voltage increases (see a current-voltage curve (IV curve) L1). Therefore, in the solar panel, the current at the maximum power (Pmax: see the maximum power point (optimum operating point) P1) where the power is maximum on the current-voltage curve L1 becomes the optimal operating current (Ipm), and the voltage is optimized. It becomes the operating voltage (Vpm). When the solar panel operates normally, maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) is performed. In the maximum power point tracking control, the generated power of the solar panel is controlled while changing the voltage of the solar panel so that the solar panel can be driven to follow the maximum power point P1 that changes depending on the amount of solar radiation and the temperature. Further, in the solar panel, when there is a margin in the electric energy of the electric power system, the output suppression operation in which the maximum electric power point tracking control is not performed and the electric power is operated with the electric power lower than the maximum electric power point P1 (for example, see the electric power point P2). Has also been done.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the amount of solar radiation of the solar panel, the voltage, and the current. As shown in FIG. 2, in the solar panel, the generated power greatly varies depending on the amount of solar radiation. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the current value has increased significantly as against the dark state insolation is 0 kW / ^{m 2,} the amount of solar radiation increases from 0.2 kW / ^{m 2} to 1 kW / ^{m 2.} Therefore, in the solar panel, the maximum power point is changed at any time according to the amount of solar radiation, whereby the power generation reserve of the solar panel fluctuates greatly during the output suppression operation. For example, when the amount of solar radiation during operation at half the rated output power (see point P3) due to output suppression decreases from 1 kW / m ₂ to 0.5 kW / m ² and the maximum power point decreases. There is no significant change in the generated power of the solar panel (see point P4). However, after the decrease in the amount of solar radiation, the solar panel is operated in the vicinity of the rated output. Therefore, before the decrease in the amount of solar radiation, about 50% (see the point P3) of the solar panel has a reserve power generation capacity of: After the decrease in the amount of solar radiation, it becomes almost 0 (see point P4). In contrast, solar radiation of solar panels operating at rated output near the generated power (refer to point P5) is the maximum power point is increased by increasing from 0.2 kW / m ² to 1 kW / m ² In this case, the power generated by the solar panel (see point P6) itself does not change much, but the reserve capacity increases from almost 0% (see point P5) to about 70% (see point P6). I do. As described above, it can be seen that the reserve capacity of the solar panel significantly changes with the change in the amount of solar radiation.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the temperature of the solar panel, the voltage, and the current. As shown in FIG. 3, in the solar panel, the generated power varies depending on the temperature. In the example shown in FIG. 3, when the temperature changes from a low temperature state (see point P7) to a high temperature state (see point P8), the generated power increases and the power generation reserve of the solar panel decreases by about 10%. . On the other hand, when the temperature changes from the high temperature state (see point P9) to the low temperature state (see point P10), the generated power increases and the power generation reserve of the solar panel increases by about 10%. As described above, it can be seen that the power generation reserve of the solar panel significantly changes even with a change in temperature.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the number of solar panels and current and voltage when a plurality of solar panels are connected in series. As shown in FIG. 4, in the solar panel, the generated power changes according to the number of solar panels connected in series. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the maximum power increases as the number of solar panels connected in series increases from one to ten. From this result, it can be seen that, in a solar power generation device provided with a plurality of solar panels, as the number of solar panels connected in series increases, a power generation reserve is likely to be generated.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the number of solar panels and current and voltage when a plurality of solar panels are connected in parallel. As shown in FIG. 5, in the solar panel, the generated power changes according to the number of solar panels connected in parallel. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the maximum power increases as the number of solar panels connected in parallel increases from one to ten. From this result, it can be seen that, in a solar power generation device including a plurality of solar panels, a power generation reserve is likely to be generated as the number of solar panels connected in parallel increases.

  The present inventors have focused on the amount of solar radiation and the temperature in the state where the above-described photovoltaic power generator performs the output suppression operation, and the power generation reserve that varies depending on the number of solar panels of the photovoltaic power generator. did. Then, the inventor conceived to measure the power generation reserve of the solar panels belonging to each of the solar power generation units by using the power control unit connected to the power system of the solar power generation unit having the solar panels. did. As a result, the present inventors have developed a power generation reserve measurement device and a power generation reserve measurement method capable of measuring a power generation reserve without using a pyranometer, a thermometer, and the like, and regardless of the voltage state of the power system. Have been realized, and the present invention has been completed. Hereinafter, the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

  FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating an example of the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 according to the present embodiment measures the power generation reserve during a power suppression operation of a solar panel that changes depending on the amount of solar radiation, temperature, and the like. The power generation reserve measurement device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of solar power generation units 11-1, 11-2,..., 11-n and a plurality of solar power generation units 11-1, 11-2,. An electric power system 12 to which 11-n is connected, an external network 13, and an external server 14; In the present embodiment, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 includes a plurality of photovoltaic power generation units 11-1, 11-2,... 11-n (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "photovoltaic power generation units 11"). An example will be described, but it is sufficient that at least one solar power generation unit 11 is provided. In the following, an example will be described in which the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 includes a solar panel. The present invention is also applicable to the solar power generation unit 11 including

  The solar power generation unit 11 includes a plurality of solar panels 15 that generate electric power using light energy, and a power control unit (PCS: Power Conditioning System) 16 connected to the plurality of solar panels 15. The power control unit 16 is connected to the power system 12 and controls the power generated by the solar panel 15. In the present embodiment, an example in which the solar power generation unit 11 includes a plurality of solar panels 15 will be described. However, the solar power generation unit 11 only needs to include at least one solar panel 15. FIG. 6 shows an example in which power control unit 16 is provided in solar power generation unit 11, but power control unit 16 may be provided outside solar power generation unit 11.

  The power control unit 16 controls the DC power output from the solar panel 15, converts the DC power (DC) output from the solar panel 15 into AC power (AC), and supplies the AC power (AC) to the power system 12. Perform control. The power control unit 16 mutually converts power between the power system 12 and the solar panel 15. The power control unit 16 controls the transfer of power between the power system 12 and the solar panel 15. The power control unit 16 performs bidirectional conversion between AC power and DC power, and exchanges power between the solar panel 15 and the power system 12. The power control unit 16 performs the above control using, for example, a DC / DC converter (DC / DC) and an AC / DC converter (AC / DC).

  Further, the power control unit 16 can communicate with the external server 14 via the communication network 13. Examples of the communication network 13 include various wireless communication networks such as a wireless LAN and various wired communication networks such as an optical communication using an optical fiber and a power line communication (PLC). The power control unit 16 transmits information on the reserve power of each photovoltaic power generation unit 11 to the external server 14 via the communication network 13 and receives various commands from the external server 14. The external server 14 instructs the power control unit 16 of each of the solar power generation units 11 via the communication network 13 to set the reserve power of each of the solar power generation units 11 to a desired range.

  FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the power control unit 16. As shown in FIG. 7, the power control unit 16 includes an output voltage measurement unit 161, an output voltage control unit 162, a power generation reserve calculation unit 163, and a power generation reserve control 164. The output voltage measurement unit 161, the output voltage control unit 162, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163, and the power generation reserve control 164 are realized by a computer system having a microcontroller and peripheral circuits. The output voltage measurement unit 161, the output voltage control unit 162, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163, and the power generation reserve control 164 are implemented by a processor such as a CPU in a storage device such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a ROM (Read Only Memory). It is realized by controlling the peripheral circuits by executing various operations according to the stored program.

  The program stored in the storage device is a program for realizing the power generation reserve measurement device according to the present embodiment. The program is installed in a storage unit (not shown) in the power control unit 16 in advance, for example. Note that the program may be distributed via a network, or may be distributed by being written in a computer-readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM (Non-transitor computer readable medium). . The power control unit 16 stores various data such as programs and parameters necessary for realizing the functions in a storage unit provided inside.

  The output voltage measurement unit 161 measures the power generation output of at least one solar panel 15 belonging to the solar power generation unit 11. The output voltage measurement unit 161 may measure, for example, all output voltages of the plurality of solar panels 15 in the solar power generation unit 11 or may measure output voltages of some of the solar panels 15. . Further, the output voltage measuring unit 161 may measure an output voltage flowing through the power system 12 to which the plurality of solar panels 15 are connected.

  The output voltage control unit 162 controls the power generation output of at least one solar panel 15 in the solar power generation unit 11 based on the power generation output of the solar panel 15 measured by the output voltage measurement unit 161. The output voltage measurement unit 161 may change, for example, all output voltages of the plurality of solar panels 15 in the solar power generation unit 11 or may change output voltages of some of the solar panels 15. . In addition, the output power control unit 162 changes the voltage value of at least one solar panel 15 from a predetermined value to the open voltage or more, and then reduces the voltage value to a measurement voltage at which a current flows through the solar panel 15. Is also good. Here, the measured voltage is a voltage value when a current starts to flow through the solar panel 15 by decreasing the voltage value from the open voltage with respect to the solar panel 15 whose voltage value has been increased to the open voltage or more. Further, the predetermined value of the voltage value is not particularly limited as long as it is lower than the voltage value at which current flows through solar panel 15 described above. As the predetermined voltage value, 0V is more preferable. The output power control unit 162 changes the voltage value of the solar panel 15 belonging to the solar power generation unit 11 whose power generation reserve power is to be measured.

  The power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the power generation reserve based on the current-voltage characteristics of at least one solar panel 15 in the solar power generation unit 11. The power generation reserve calculation unit 163 may calculate the power generation reserve based on, for example, all the current-voltage characteristics of the plurality of solar panels 15 in the solar power generation unit 11. The power generation reserve may be calculated based on the current-voltage characteristics. The power generation reserve calculation unit 163 acquires a current-voltage characteristic based on the output voltage measured by the output voltage measurement unit 161 and the output voltage of the solar panel 14 changed by the output voltage control unit 162, and converts the acquired current-voltage characteristic into The power generation reserve is calculated based on the generated power.

  In the present embodiment, the power generation reserve power calculation unit 163 uses the first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristic of at least one solar panel 15 acquired in advance and the output voltage control unit 162 to output the at least one solar power. The power generation reserve of the at least one solar panel 15 is calculated by comparing with the second maximum power based on the second current-voltage characteristic estimated by changing the voltage value of the light panel 15. Here, the first current-voltage characteristic may be, for example, a current-voltage characteristic including the maximum power point of the solar panel 15 that changes according to the amount of solar radiation and the temperature. The predetermined current-voltage characteristics may be set. Further, the second current-voltage characteristic may be a current-voltage characteristic corresponding to the voltage value of the measured voltage when the current starts to flow to the solar panel 15 when the voltage value is reduced from the open voltage, The current-voltage characteristics may correspond to a predetermined voltage value set in advance according to the amount and the temperature.

  Further, when the output voltage control unit 162 changes the voltage value of the solar panel 15 from the predetermined value to the open voltage or more, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 acquires the first current-voltage characteristic based on the open voltage. You may. Further, the power generation reserve power calculating unit 163 determines the voltage based on the voltage value when the output voltage control unit 162 reduces the voltage value increased to the open voltage or more to the measured voltage at which the current starts flowing to the solar panel 15. Two current-voltage characteristics may be estimated. With this, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 can obtain the first current-voltage characteristic including the maximum power point and can estimate the second current-voltage characteristic according to the operation condition during the output suppression operation. It becomes possible to measure more accurately.

  Furthermore, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 changes the voltage value of the at least one solar panel 15 to the open voltage or more from the predetermined value by the output power control unit 162 described above. The current-voltage characteristics may be stored, and the second current-voltage characteristics may be estimated based on the stored current-voltage characteristics of the at least one solar panel 15. Thereby, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 can estimate the second current-voltage characteristic based on the current-voltage characteristic stored in the process of changing the voltage value of the solar panel 15, so that the power generation reserve is more accurately measured. It becomes possible.

  The power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel 15 belonging to the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 and, based on the calculated power generation reserve, calculates the power generation reserve of the entire photovoltaic power generation unit 11. The force may be calculated. Thereby, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 can measure the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 based on the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel 15, so that the power generation reserve can be easily measured. Becomes

  Further, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel 15 belonging to at least one solar power generation unit 11 belonging to the plurality of solar power generation units 11-1 to 11-n, The power generation reserve of the entire plurality of solar power generation units 11-1 to 11-n may be calculated based on the calculated power generation reserve. Thereby, the power generation reserve measurement device 1 can measure the power generation reserve of the plurality of photovoltaic power generation units 11 based on the power generation reserve of at least one solar panel 15, so that the power generation reserve can be easily measured. Becomes possible.

  The reserve reserve controller 164 controls the reserve reserve so that the reserve reserve calculated by the reserve reserve calculator 163 becomes a desired value. The power generation reserve control unit 164 controls the power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit 11 by adjusting the power generation output of the solar panel 15 based on the power generation reserve calculated by the power generation reserve calculation unit 163. .

  Next, a specific example of the power generation reserve measurement method using the power generation reserve control device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present embodiment. Note that the method for measuring the power generation reserve capacity according to the present embodiment is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 8 and can be changed as appropriate.

As shown in FIG. 8, the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present embodiment includes a first step ST11 of increasing a voltage value from a predetermined value to an open voltage Voc or more while storing current-voltage characteristics of solar panel 15; a second step ST12 to reduce the voltage value of the open voltage solar panel 15 above the increased Voc to the voltage value V ₁ of the measured voltage current starts flowing to the solar panel 15, and stored in the first step ST11 based on the current-voltage characteristic, and a third step ST13 to estimate the second current-voltage characteristics in the voltage value V ₁ obtained in the second step ST12, based on the first current-voltage characteristics of the previously obtained solar panels 15 A fourth step ST14 of calculating the power generation reserve by comparing the first maximum power with the second maximum power based on the second current-voltage characteristic estimated in the third step ST13. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relationship between the amount of solar radiation of solar panel 15 according to the present embodiment and current-voltage characteristics. As shown in FIG. 9, the current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel 15 changes according to the amount of solar radiation (see the arrow in FIG. 9), but the shape of the curve does not change. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the current-voltage characteristic between the open-circuit voltage Voc and the short-circuit current Isc at which the solar radiation is large and the maximum power of the solar panel 15 is obtained is indicated by the current-voltage curve L2-1, and the solar radiation is reduced. the current-voltage characteristics between the voltage value V ₁ and the current value I ₁ when the shows the current-voltage curve L2-1A. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the power generation reserve of the solar panel 15 is calculated using such current-voltage characteristics of the solar panel 15.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are explanatory diagrams of the first step ST11 of the power generation reserve measurement method according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the first step ST11, the output voltage control unit 162 increases the voltage value of the solar panel 15 from a predetermined value (0 V) to a voltage value Vc that is equal to or higher than the open voltage Voc. Here, the power generation reserve capacity calculating unit 163 stores the shape of the current-voltage curve corresponding to the voltage value in the process of increasing the voltage value. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the power reserve capacity calculating unit 163, a current-voltage curve L2A between the voltage values V _A and the current value I _A corresponding to the voltage value V _A, the voltage value corresponding to the voltage value V _B a current-voltage curve L2B between V _B and the current value I _B, and an open voltage-current voltage curve corresponding to the first current-voltage characteristics between the open-circuit voltage Voc and the short circuit current Isc corresponding to Voc L2-1 The example of storing is shown. As described above, since the power generation reserve can be calculated based on the current-voltage curve having a small change in shape according to the change in the amount of sunlight corresponding to the specific voltage value, the storage capacity required for storing the current-voltage curve Can be reduced. In addition, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 may intermittently store the current-voltage curve that changes with an increase in the voltage value, or may store the current-voltage curve continuously. The power generation reserve calculation unit 163 can reduce the amount of data necessary for storing the current-voltage curve by intermittently storing the current-voltage curve that changes with an increase in the voltage value. In addition, the power generation reserve capacity calculation unit 163 can accurately estimate the second current-voltage characteristic by continuously storing the current-voltage curve that changes with an increase in the voltage value. In addition, in the examples illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, an example has been described in which the output voltage control unit 162 increases the voltage value of the solar panel 15 to a voltage value Vc that is larger than the open voltage Voc, but the output voltage control unit 162 includes: The voltage of the solar panel 15 may be increased to the open voltage Voc.

  In the first step ST11, the output voltage control unit 162 increases the voltage value when the output can be increased, for example, when the solar panel 15 is started, and the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the open voltage Voc. The value of the first maximum power of the current-voltage curve L2-1 corresponding to the first current-voltage characteristic may be stored in advance. Further, in the first step ST11, the output voltage control unit 162 changes the voltage of the solar panel 15 in each season in which the amount of sunlight changes, and the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 determines the first current-voltage characteristic of the open-circuit voltage Voc. May be stored as the value of the first maximum power corresponding to the current-voltage curve L2-1 corresponding to. Further, in the first step ST11, the output voltage control unit 162 changes the voltage of the solar panel 15 every time the amount of sunlight changes, and the power generation reserve power calculation unit 163 sets the first current-voltage characteristic of the open voltage Voc. May be stored as the value of the first maximum power corresponding to the current-voltage curve L2-1 corresponding to. Further, the reserve reserve calculating unit 163 may store the values of the open circuit voltage Voc and the first maximum power as a table or a graph. Further, output voltage control section 162 does not necessarily need to increase the voltage value of solar panel 15 from 0V. In this case, the output voltage control unit 162 may increase the voltage value of the solar panel 15 to the open voltage Voc or more, and the power generation reserve power calculating unit 163 may store the open voltage Voc. Further, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 may calculate the power generation reserve in consideration of the correction accompanying the temperature change.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the second step ST12 and the third step ST13 of the power generation reserve capacity measuring method according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, in the second step ST12, the output voltage control unit 162 changes the voltage value Vc of the solar panel 15 increased to the open voltage Voc or more according to the amount of solar radiation. current is reduced to a voltage value V ₁ which starts to flow in (see arrows in FIG. 12). Then, in the third step ST13, the power reserve capacity calculating unit 163, based on the voltage value stored in the first step ST11 _(e.g., V _A, V B, such as _{V 1)} to the current-voltage curve corresponding to, the current solar panels 15 obtained in two steps ST12 to estimate the second current-voltage characteristic at a particular voltage value V ₁ flows. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the second current-voltage characteristics between the power reserve calculator 163, the voltage value V ₁ and the current value I ₁ corresponding to a particular voltage value V ₁ a current flows in the solar panel 15 Is estimated. Here, as shown in FIG. 9, the second current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel 15 changes according to the amount of solar radiation, but the shape of the curve does not change. Therefore, in the second step ST12, power reserve calculator 163 need not store the second current-voltage curve L2-2 corresponding to a specific voltage value V _1, the other current-voltage curve (e.g., FIG. 10 current-voltage curve L2A, by storing the L2B etc.), it is possible to estimate the second current-voltage curve L2-2 corresponding to a specific voltage value V _1.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a fourth step ST14 of the power generation reserve capacity measuring method according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, in the fourth step ST14, power reserve calculator 163, based on the second current-voltage characteristics between the voltage values _{V 1} and current _{I 1} obtained in the third step ST13 , The second maximum power. In the fourth step ST14, power reserve calculator 163, based on the current-voltage curve L2-2 between the voltage value _{V 1} and the current value _{I 1} which is estimated in the third step, the power curve L2-3 calculate. Accordingly, the power generation reserve power calculation unit 163 can calculate the second maximum power point P1 at the time of measurement, and thus the power generation reserve power calculation unit 163 calculates the first maximum power point Pmax (see FIG. 1) of the solar panel 15 obtained in the first step ST11. By calculating the difference from the second maximum power point P1 at the time of measurement, it is possible to calculate the power generation reserve power, which is the surplus power of the solar panel 15.

  In addition, the power generation reserve power calculation unit 163 may perform the calculation in consideration of the voltage of the power system. FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of the power generation reserve in consideration of the voltage of the power system. As shown in FIG. 14, in the above-described power generation reserve measurement method, the difference between the operation output (see arrow L3) and the maximum output point of the solar panel 15 to be measured is calculated as the power reserve (see arrow L4). Is done. On the other hand, in the solar panel 15 connected to the power system 12, the reactive power periodically reciprocating between the solar panel 15 and the load exists as a system voltage. Therefore, the effect of this reactive power (see arrow L5) is calculated in advance, and the difference between the operation output of the solar panel 15 to be measured (see arrow L1) and the calculated power generation reserve (see arrow L4) is obtained. Accordingly, it is possible to calculate the power generation reserve (see the arrow L6) in consideration of the influence of the system voltage. As a result, the power generation reserve that excludes the influence of the system voltage can be calculated, so that the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 can be more accurately suppressed and operated.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 15, the control of the power generation reserve in the power generation reserve measurement device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of power generation reserve control by the power generation reserve measurement device 1 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 15, the power control unit 16 is omitted for convenience of explanation.

  As shown in FIG. 15, in the power generation reserve measurement device 1, the control of the power generation reserve may be performed by the entirety of the plurality of solar power generation units 11 belonging to the power generation reserve measurement device 1. It may be performed for the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 or in some of the solar panels 15 belonging to the specific photovoltaic power generation unit 11. In the example shown in FIG. 15, three photovoltaic power generation units 11-1 (maximum power generation: 40 kW), 11-2 (maximum power generation: 70 kw), and 11-3 (maximum power generation) belonging to the power generation reserve calculation unit 1 : 30 kW), an operation in which 50% of reserve for power generation is ensured, and the reserve for power generation of 70 kW in total is operated. In this case, the power control unit 16 calculates the power generation reserve from time to time for each of the solar power generation units 11-1, 11-2, and 11-3 that change depending on the amount of solar radiation, the temperature, the power system, and the like. Driving 50%.

  For example, the power control unit 16 selects the solar power generation unit 11 in which the power generation reserve calculated by the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 is maximum (for example, the solar power generation unit 11-2). Next, the power control unit 16 causes the output voltage control unit 162 to change the power generated by the solar power generation unit 11-2 based on the power generation reserve measured by the power generation reserve calculation unit 163. Then, the power control unit 16 sequentially repeats the above-described control for the photovoltaic power generation units 11-1 and 11-3 via the power generation reserve control unit 164 with the above-described control of the power generation reserve and the control of the generated power. Thereby, the solar power generation units 11-1 to 11-3 are operated such that the total power generation reserve capacity becomes 50%. Here, if the solar panel 15 operating at the maximum output can be specified in the entire area of the solar power generation unit 11-2, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the power generation reserve of the solar panel 15 The power reserve may be calculated by calculating the power. In addition, when the solar panel 15 operating at the maximum output can be identified in a part of the area A1 of the solar power generation unit 11-2, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 determines whether the solar panel 15 is operating. The power generation reserve may be calculated to calculate the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit 11-2.

  In addition, when all of the photovoltaic power generation units 11-1 to 11-3 are in the power generation suppression operation, the power control unit 16 selects at least one photovoltaic power generation unit 11 to generate power reserve. It may be measured. In this case, the power control unit 16 selects a specific solar power generation unit 11 (for example, the solar power generation unit 11-2) and belongs to the selected solar power generation unit 11-2 via the output voltage control unit 162. The maximum power point is calculated by increasing the output voltage of the solar panel 15 (for example, the solar panel 15A) to the open voltage Voc or more at the time of startup or the like. Then, the power generation reserve calculation unit 163 calculates the power generation reserve by comparing the maximum power point with the maximum power at an arbitrary measurement time, and generates the power of the solar power generation unit 11-2 based on the calculated power generation reserve. The reserve may be estimated. Here, the power control unit 16 may improve the calculation accuracy of the reserve power generation based on the installation direction, angle, and capacity of the solar panel 15. In addition, it is preferable to select a solar panel 15 that increases the voltage value described above, which is connected to a location where the voltage of the power system 12 is low where the influence of the voltage increase due to the increase of the output voltage is small.

  Further, when measuring the power generation reserve, the power control unit 16 cancels out the generated power of the solar panel 15 increased by the output voltage control unit 162 by another solar panel 15 belonging to the solar power generation unit 11. May be. In this case, the solar panel 15 that cancels out the generated power may be connected to a location where the voltage of the power system 12 is high where the influence of the voltage drop of the power system 12 due to the phenomenon of the generated power is small. Further, the solar panel 15 that cancels out the generated power may be connected to the same power system 12 as the solar panel 11 that has increased the generated power. Further, the increased power generated by the solar panel 15 may be offset by uniformly lowering the output voltages of the plurality of solar panels 11.

  Further, the power control unit 16 uses the generated power of the solar panel 15 increased by the output voltage control unit 162 at the time of the measurement of the power generation reserve power to generate the reactive power of the solar panel 15 connected to the same power system 12. May be controlled to suppress voltage fluctuations. In this case, the power control unit 16 may individually calculate the power generation reserve of each solar panel 15, and then calculate the maximum power generation reserve that can be output while suppressing the voltage fluctuation by the reactive power.

  Furthermore, the power control unit 16 measures the power generation reserve for each photovoltaic power generation unit 11 and mainly reduces the power generation output of the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 that can ensure the maximum power generation reserve power. May be increased to reduce the difference between the outputs of the entire photovoltaic power generation unit 11. In addition, the power control unit 16 measures the power generation reserve of each solar panel 15 belonging to the specific solar power generation unit 11 and mainly reduces the power generation output of the solar power generation unit 11 that can secure the maximum power generation reserve. Alternatively, the power output of the other photovoltaic power generation units 11 may be increased to keep the output of the entire photovoltaic power generation unit 11 constant.

  The power control unit 16 may control the power generation reserve by changing the output suppression ratio for each solar power generation unit 11. In addition, the power control unit 16 may change the ratio of securing the reserve for power generation in consideration of the profit from securing the reserve for power generation and the selling price of the solar power generation unit 11. Further, the power control unit 16 may adjust the output suppression amount of the solar power generation unit 11 to be the same to secure the reserve power generation.

  As described above, according to the above embodiment, the pyranometer and the thermometer are compared by comparing the first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristic with the second maximum power based on the second current-voltage characteristic. It is possible to measure the reserve power of the photovoltaic power generation unit 11 at the time of the output suppression operation without using such a method and reducing the adverse effect on the power system. As a result, it is possible to grasp the power generation reserve of the photovoltaic power generation unit more accurately than before, and it is also possible to secure the inertial force of the photovoltaic power generation unit. As a result, not only can the inertia of the solar power generation be secured, business using the power generation reserve of the solar power generation can be performed, and not only can the output suppression amount during the operation of the solar power generation unit be calculated, Calculation of compensation money or the like that can occur at the time of photovoltaic power generation becomes easy.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION This invention does not use a pyranometer, a thermometer, etc., and also has the effect of realizing a power generation reserve measurement device and a power generation reserve measurement method capable of measuring power generation reserve regardless of the voltage state of the power system. For example, it can be effectively used for solar power generation using a solar panel or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power generation reserve measuring device 11, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-n Solar power generation unit 12 Power system 13 Network 14 External server 15 Solar panel 16 Power control unit 161 Output voltage measurement unit 162 Output Voltage controller 163 Power generation reserve calculator 164 Power generation reserve controller

Claims (10)

A solar power generation unit having at least one solar panel that generates electric power by light energy;
A power control unit connected to a power system and controlling the generated power of the solar power generation unit,
The power control unit, an output voltage control unit that changes the output voltage of the solar panel,
A power generation reserve calculating unit that calculates a power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit based on the output voltage of the solar panel,
The power generation reserve power calculation unit estimates the first maximum power based on a first current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel obtained in advance, and the output voltage control unit estimates the output voltage of the solar panel by changing the output voltage. A power generation reserve measuring device, wherein a power generation reserve of the solar panel is calculated by comparing with a second maximum power based on a second current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel. The output voltage control unit, after changing the output voltage of the solar panel to an open voltage or more, to reduce to a measurement voltage at which a current flows in the solar panel,
The power generation reserve measurement according to claim 1, wherein the power generation reserve calculation unit acquires the first current-voltage characteristic based on the open-circuit voltage and estimates the second current-voltage characteristic based on the measured voltage. apparatus.   The power generation reserve calculation unit stores at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel in a process of changing the output voltage of the solar panel to the open voltage or more by the output voltage control unit. The power generation reserve measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated based on at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel.   The solar power generation unit includes a plurality of the solar panels, and the power generation reserve calculation unit calculates a power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels. The power generation reserve measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which calculates a force.   A plurality of the photovoltaic power generation units, wherein the power generation reserve calculation unit calculates power generation reserves of the plurality of photovoltaic power generation units based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels; The power generation reserve measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The first maximum power based on the first current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel obtained in advance and the second maximum based on the second current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel estimated by changing the voltage of the solar panel A power generation reserve measurement method including a power generation reserve calculation step of calculating power generation reserve of the solar panel by comparing the power with the power. In the power generation reserve calculation step, after changing the voltage value of the solar panel to an open voltage or more, the voltage is reduced to a measurement voltage at which a current flows through the solar panel,
The method according to claim 6, wherein the first current-voltage characteristic is obtained based on the open-circuit voltage, and the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated based on the measured voltage.   In the process of changing the voltage value of the solar panel to the open voltage or more, storing at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel, based on the stored at least one current-voltage characteristic of the solar panel. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second current-voltage characteristic is estimated.   7. The power generation reserve of the solar power generation unit based on the calculated power generation reserve of at least one of the solar panels, comprising a solar power generation unit having a plurality of the solar panels. Item 9. The power generation reserve measurement method according to any one of items 8.   A plurality of photovoltaic power generation units having at least one photovoltaic panel are provided, and a power generation reserve power of the plurality of photovoltaic power generation units is calculated based on the calculated power generation reserve power of the at least one photovoltaic panel. The power generation reserve measurement method according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

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