JP2020003996A - Process designing system, processing device, and process designing method - Google Patents

Abstract

To design a process that enables determination of a process error at an appropriate stage.SOLUTION: A process designing system 100 determines processes for processing a plurality of removal areas 202 from a bare material to obtain an object 201 in a predetermined shape. The process designing system 100 includes: a tree obtaining unit 101 that obtains a sequence tree 400 which represents, in a hierarchical structure, candidates of a process sequence for the removal areas 202 derived by limiting the process sequence for the removal areas 202 on the basis of a geometrical constraint condition; a measuring process inserting unit 106 that inserts a measuring process at timing after completion of the process in a higher hierarchy where a lower hierarchy is present and before the process in the lower hierarchy relative to the sequence tree 400; and a sequence determination unit 105 that determines the processing processes using a predetermined preferential condition on the basis of the sequence tree 400.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a process design system, a processing device, and a measurement timing determination method for designing a process for stably obtaining an object having a predetermined shape by removing a part of a material by cutting or the like.

  At present, NC machine tools are used at many manufacturing sites because required component shapes can be processed with high accuracy and high efficiency. Also, software such as CAD / CAM that supports creation of NC programs used in NC machine tools has been developed.

  However, in the conventional CAM software, humans must design the processing steps such as selection of a processing area and determination of a processing order, and it is necessary to dedicate an enormous amount of work time to this design. In machining with an NC machine tool, since an NC program needs to be created for each product, there is a problem in that the setup work time is enormous.

  Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a process design system that executes a machining process design using a computer. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-163873 discloses that once the entire area is divided by all planes including a plane portion of the surface of the area to be removed by processing, the divided area is reconfigured by a plurality of combinations, and the reconfigured area is A technique for generating a plurality of processing step candidates by defining a processing order and processing conditions of the above-described methods.

JP 2005-309713 A

  However, even if a machining process is automatically designed and a product is manufactured based on the designed machining process, a product with a desired shape is not manufactured due to deterioration or damage of the machining tool, mistake of the machining tool, etc. There is.

  In addition, since whether or not a product having a desired shape has been manufactured can be determined by shape measurement after the processing step is completed, even if a defect occurs during processing, all processing steps are executed. Useless operation time occurs.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a process design system, a processing device, and a measurement timing determination method for inserting a measurement timing for measuring a processing state upon automatically deriving a processing process. .

  In order to achieve the above object, a process design system according to one aspect of the present invention is a process design system that determines a process for processing a plurality of removal regions of a material to obtain an object having a predetermined shape. A tree obtaining unit that obtains an ordered tree represented by a hierarchical structure of candidates for the processing order of the removal area, which is derived by limiting the processing order of the removal area based on geometric constraints, and the order tree. On the other hand, after finishing the processing of the upper hierarchy in which the lower hierarchy exists, a measurement process insertion unit that inserts the measurement process at a timing before the processing of the lower hierarchy, and the processing process is determined using predetermined priority conditions based on the order tree. And an order determining unit.

  According to this, it is possible to measure the shape after processing at a timing suitable for measurement without significantly extending the time of the entire processing step, and it is possible to stably manufacture an object having a predetermined shape. .

  Further, the measurement step insertion unit may determine the measurement information on the measurement location based on the shape of the removal area of the upper layer, corresponding to the inserted measurement step.

  According to this, the measurement information can be automatically determined, and a stable measurement result can be obtained.

  In order to achieve the above object, a processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention executes a processing step and a measuring step based on the obtained step, and a step obtaining unit that obtains a step designed in the step design system. An execution unit, and an abnormality notification unit that compares the measurement result obtained in the measurement process with the corresponding removal area information and notifies the abnormality information when the processing result is abnormal.

  According to this, since an abnormality is notified in the middle of the actual processing, the subsequent useless processing steps can be stopped.

  A rework determination unit that determines whether the corresponding removal area can be reworked based on the reported abnormality information, and a re-addition instruction that instructs machining again after replacing a tool when it is determined that rework is possible. Unit may be provided.

  According to this, even when an abnormality is notified, it is possible to automatically determine a possible case and perform rework, thereby manufacturing an object having a predetermined shape without wasting the material. It becomes.

  In addition, implementing the program for making a computer execute each process included in the process design system and the processing apparatus also corresponds to the implementation of the present invention. Of course, the embodiment of the present invention includes implementing a recording medium on which the program is recorded.

  According to the present invention, a measuring step can be inserted at an appropriate timing, and an object having a predetermined shape can be stably manufactured.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a process design system. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a material, an object, and a total removal area. It is a perspective view which shows the total removal area. It is a figure showing an order tree. It is a figure showing the order tree in which the measurement process was inserted. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is a closed pocket. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is Open Pocket. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is Open Slot. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is a closed slot. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is Through Pocket. It is a perspective view which shows the measurement point in case the shape of a removal area is Blind Hole. It is a perspective view which shows the measurement point when the shape of a removal area | region is Through Hole. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing measurement points when the shape of the removal area is Step. It is a figure showing the processing conditions applied to the order tree. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the process design system. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a first-order tree in which an order is being determined and the determined order. It is a figure which shows the order tree of the 2nd stage in which the order is being determined, and the determined order. It is a figure which shows the order tree of the 3rd stage which is in the middle of determining the order, and the determined order. It is a figure which shows the process containing the determined processing process and the measurement process. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a processing device. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a process in a processing apparatus.

  Next, an embodiment of a process design system and a processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Each of the embodiments described below shows a comprehensive or specific example. Numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions and connection forms of constituent elements, steps, order of steps, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and do not limit the present invention. Further, among the components in the following embodiments, components not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept are described as arbitrary components.

  In addition, the drawings are schematic diagrams in which emphasis, omission, and adjustment of ratios are appropriately performed in order to show the present invention, and may be different from actual shapes, positional relationships, and ratios.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the process design system. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a material, an object, and a removal area. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the total removal area. As shown in these drawings, a process design system 100 according to the present embodiment is a system for designing a processing process for removing a part of a material 200 made of metal, resin, or the like to obtain an object having a predetermined shape. This is a system realized by causing a computer to execute software (program). Further, the process design system 100 acquires information from the CAD 300, the support system 301, and the expert system 302, and outputs information on the machining process designed based on the acquired information to the CAM 303. Note that a computer is an electronic computer including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a general configuration including input / output means such as a display device and an input device, and storage means such as a memory and an external storage device.

  First, the support system 301 limits the possibility of the processing order of the removal area 202 based on the geometrical constraints based on the shape of the raw material 200 created by the CAD 300 or the like and the shape of the object 201, and has a hierarchical structure. Is a system that creates an ordered tree represented by.

  The method by which the support system 301 creates the ordered tree is not particularly limited. Here, an example of an order tree creation method of the support system 301 will be described.

  First, the support system 301 extracts a total removal area 203 that is a difference area between the shape of the material 200 and the shape of the target 201.

  The shape of the material 200 and the shape of the object 201 are obtained from a computer that realizes the support system 301 or a so-called CAD 300 that is executed by another computer. In addition, the support system 301 obtains a plane part existing on the surface of the total removal area 203, or divides the total removal area 203 by one temporary plane including the plane part, which is the number of temporary areas obtained by dividing the total removal area 203. Is obtained for each provisional plane.

  This is because, if the shape of the material 200 is different even when the shape of the target object 201 is the same by using the total removal area 203, the removal order is not necessarily the same because the shape of the removal area is different. Further, when the processing is interrupted due to a trouble during the processing or the like, the processing order can be determined again, and the flexibility of the process design system 100 can be improved.

  Next, the support system 301 divides the extracted total removal area 203 by a plane constituting the total removal area 203 and extracts a divided removal area. The selection of the plane that divides the total removal area 203 is not particularly limited, but here, the plane is determined as follows.

  With respect to the extracted total removal area 203, a plane included in the total removal area 203 is searched, and a plane in which three or more divided removal areas are generated when the plane is divided (for example, the plane 204 shown in FIG. 3). ) To extract. Then, the total removal area 203 is divided on the extracted plane to extract a divided removal area. If there is a plane that can be further divided into three or more regions from the extracted division removal region, division is performed again. This operation is repeated until it becomes impossible to divide into three or more areas. Finally, in the extracted divided removal area, if division can be performed on a plane forming the divided removal area, the divided removal area is further divided to extract the removal area.

  Next, the support system 301 generates an order tree represented by a hierarchical structure as shown in FIG. The method of generating the ordered tree 400 is not particularly limited as long as it is a generating method based on geometric constraints, but here, the ordered tree 400 is generated as follows.

  In actual machining, since a tool can approach only a removal region having an open surface that is a surface that is in contact with the atmosphere, a geometric constraint is determined. For example, in the shape of the object 201 shown in FIG. 2, the removal area that can be machined from the shape of the first material 200 is a first removal area 210, a second removal area 220, and a third removal area that can be in contact with a tool. 230. The fourth removal area 211 and the fifth removal area 212 can be processed when the first removal area 210 is removed by processing. Similarly, the sixth removal area 221 and the seventh removal area 222 are formed by the second removal area 220. When removed by processing, processing becomes possible. In consideration of the geometrical constraints as to whether or not the tool can approach, an ordered tree 400 represented by a hierarchical structure as shown in FIG. 4 can be created. In the order tree 400, the dependency of each processing area can be expressed, and a huge number of processing order candidates can be limited.

  Next, the process design system 100 will be described. The process design system 100 acquires the ordered tree 400 generated by the support system 301 in order to obtain the object 201 having a predetermined shape, inserts a measurement process into the obtained ordered tree 400, and processes the ordered tree 400. This is a system that determines one process. As shown in FIG. 1, the process design system 100 includes a tree acquisition unit 101, a measurement process insertion unit 106, a removal area information acquisition unit 102, a performance information acquisition unit 103, A unit 104 and an order determination unit 105 are provided.

  The tree acquisition unit 101 is an ordered tree 400 represented by a hierarchical structure created by the support system 301, and processes a removal area derived by limiting the processing order of the removal area 202 based on geometric constraints. This is a processing unit that acquires an order tree 400 indicating order candidates. The method of acquiring the ordered tree 400 from the support system 301 is not particularly limited, and examples include communication and movement of a medium in which the ordered tree 400 is stored.

  The removal area information acquisition unit 102 is a processing unit that acquires removal area information including the geometrical features of the removal area 202 corresponding to each node of the ordered tree 400 acquired by the tree acquisition unit 101. Here, the node means a node in the tree structure, and includes all meanings of a root node, an internal node, and a leaf node. One node in the order tree 400 corresponds to one removal area 202. In the case of the present embodiment, the removal area information is obtained from the support system 301. Examples of the acquired removal area information include the size of the removal area 202, the position of the center of gravity of the removal area 202 represented by XYZ coordinates, the depth of the removal area 202 in a direction in which a tool such as a cutting tool enters, and the cutting. The shape of the removal area 202 in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which a tool such as a tool enters, whether the removal area 202 penetrates the object, whether the removal area corresponding to the parent node and the removal area corresponding to the sibling node The distance, for example, the distance between the centers of gravity can be exemplified. Further, the geometric information may be determined based on the shape of the removal area 202, and may be based on a virtual shape such as a virtual rectangular parallelepiped that can include the removal area and has the smallest volume. Information may be defined.

  After finishing the processing of the removal area 202 corresponding to the parent node, which is the higher hierarchy, where the child node, which is the lower hierarchy, exists in the order tree 400, the measurement area insertion unit 106 removes the removal area corresponding to the child node corresponding to the parent node. A processing unit that inserts a measurement process at a timing before processing in 202. In the case of the present embodiment, the measurement step insertion unit 106 determines measurement information about a measurement location for each measurement step based on the shape of the removal area 202 in the upper hierarchy, corresponding to the inserted measurement step.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the measurement process insertion unit 106 performs the first measurement process M1 and the second measurement process immediately below the first removal region 210 and the second removal region 220 corresponding to the parent node where the child node exists. The process M2 is inserted and related. Information corresponding to the inserted first measurement step M1 and second measurement step M2 and based on the shape of the associated parent node removal area 202, that is, the shape of the first removal area 210 and the second removal area 220 The measurement point is determined based on the removal shape information. Although the removal shape information is not particularly limited, in the case of the present embodiment, information based on the shapes shown in FIGS. 6 to 13 is prepared in advance, and the information is created in correspondence with the removal shape information. ing. This makes it possible to standardize the measurement location and improve the reproducibility of the measurement process. Specifically, for example, the measurement information is created using a program that satisfies the following requirements. In principle, the approach direction of the tool is set to the Z-axis direction, the normal to the plane parallel to the approach direction is set to the X-axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction is set to the Y-axis direction, and the orthogonal coordinates are virtually set. I do. The measurement order is the order of the dimension in the Y-axis direction, the dimension in the X-axis direction, and the dimension in the Z-axis direction. As for the order of the measurement points, the measurement is performed from the point having the smaller coordinate on each of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.

Figure 6, Closed Pocket
The measurement items in the closed pocket are three items: a dimension in the X-axis direction, a dimension in the Y-axis direction, and a dimension in the Z-axis direction.

  The measurement point of the dimension in the Y-axis direction is set to P1 on one surface and P2 on the other surface which are arranged side by side in the negative direction of the Y-axis. The X-axis coordinates of P1 and P2 are values at the center of the corresponding surfaces, and the Z-axis coordinates are positions at a fixed value (for example, -5 mm) from the upper surface.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is set to P3 on one surface and P4 on the other surface existing side by side in the negative direction of the X-axis. As the Y axis coordinates of P3 and P4, the Y axis coordinates of the center of each surface are used. The Z-axis coordinate is a position at a constant value (for example, −5 mm) similar to the case of the Y-axis from the upper surface.

  The measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction is set to P6 on a plane existing in the negative direction of the Z-axis and P5 on a plane existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. Note that the surface existing in the positive direction of the Z axis is removed by processing and does not exist, so P5 is set outside the removal region 202. The X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of P6 are each the center of the plane. The Y axis coordinate of P5 is the coordinate of the center of the surface, and the X axis coordinate is a point away from the removal area by a fixed value (for example, 3 mm) in the negative direction of the X axis as shown in the figure.

Figure 7, Open Pocket
The measurement items in the Open Pocket are three items: a dimension in the X-axis direction, a dimension in the Y-axis direction, and a dimension in the Z-axis direction. In addition, there are four types of Open Pocket depending on the position of the open surface, and the position of the measurement point also changes accordingly. Hereinafter, the position of the measurement point when the two surfaces X Positive and Y Negative shown in FIG. 7 are open surfaces will be described as an example.

  The measurement of the dimension in the Y-axis direction is performed at the measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set on one surface existing in the Y-axis negative direction, and P2 is set on the other surface existing in the Y-axis positive direction. The X coordinate is the value of the center of the plane for both P1 and P2. In the Z coordinate, P2 is a position at a constant value (for example, −5 mm) from the top surface, and P1 is a point outside the removal area as shown in FIG. This is the position of the value (for example, -5 mm).

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed at measurement points P3 and P4. P3 is set on a plane existing in the negative direction of the X axis, and P4 is set on a plane existing in the positive direction of the X axis. For the Y-axis coordinates, the Y-axis coordinates of the center of the plane are used for both P3 and P4. P4 is set outside the removal region as shown in FIG. 7, the value of the Z-axis coordinate is a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the bottom surface, and the value of the Z-axis coordinate of P3 is a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the top surface. Position.

  The measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction is set to P6 on a plane existing in the negative direction of the Z-axis and P5 on a plane existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. Note that the surface existing in the positive direction of the Z axis is removed by processing and does not exist, so P5 is set outside the removal region 202. The X-axis coordinate and the Y-axis coordinate of P6 are each the center of the plane. The Y axis coordinate of P5 is the coordinate of the center of the surface, and the X axis coordinate is a point away from the removal area by a fixed value (for example, 3 mm) in the negative direction of the X axis as shown in the figure.

  The position of the measurement point in the Open Pocket changes depending on the position of the open surface. In the case of X Positive and Y Negative shown as an example in Fig. 7, the case of X Negative and Y Negative, the case of X Negative and Y Positive, the case of X Positive and the case of Y Positive are as follows. In each case, the position of the measurement point set outside the removal area changes. For example, when X Negative and Y Positive are open surfaces, the measurement point when measuring the surface in the negative direction of the X axis during the measurement in the X axis direction is outside the removal area and exists in the positive direction of the X axis. The measurement point when measuring the surface to be removed is the surface within the removal area.

Fig. 8, Open Slot
The Open Slot has two patterns depending on the position of the open surface. X Positive and X Negative are open surface parts, and Y Positive and Y Negative are open surface parts. Since the accuracy of six surfaces of the material is guaranteed as a precondition, the measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction and the measurement of the dimension in the Y-axis direction are not performed in each case. Therefore, there are two measurement items, one of the dimensions in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the dimension in the Z-axis direction. The measurement points shown in FIG. 8 when the open surface is Y Negative and Y Positive will be described.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed at measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set on a plane existing in the negative direction of the X axis, and P2 is set on a plane existing in the positive direction of the X axis. The Y-axis coordinate is the coordinate of the center of the plane for both P1 and P2, and the Z-axis coordinate is a position at a fixed value (for example, −5 mm) from the upper surface for both P1 and P2.

  In the measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction, P4 is on a plane existing in the negative direction of the Z-axis, and P3 is on a plane existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. The coordinates in the Y-axis direction are the coordinates of the center of the plane for both P3 and P4, and the coordinates in the X-axis direction are, as shown in FIG. 8, P4 is the center coordinate of the plane, and P3 is the removal area from the plane existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. It is a position of a constant value (for example, −3 mm) outside.

  When X Positive and X Negative are open surface portions, there are two measurement items: a dimension in the Y-axis direction and a dimension in the Z-axis direction. The determination of the measurement point is also set in the same manner as when the above-mentioned Y Positive and Y Negative are open surfaces, and the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction change.

  Also, when measuring the dimension in the Z-axis direction, P4 is similarly set at the center of the bottom surface, but the coordinate of P3 in the Y-axis direction is a fixed value (for example, +3 mm) from the plane existing in the positive direction of the X-axis. ), And the Y coordinate is set as the center coordinate of the bottom surface for both P3 and P4.

Figure 9, Closed Slot
The measurement items in the closed slot are three items: a dimension in the X-axis direction, a dimension in the Y-axis direction, and a dimension in the Z-axis direction. Also in the closed pocket, four patterns can be considered depending on the position of the open surface. There are four cases: when X Positive is an open surface, when X Negative is an open surface, when Y Positive is an open surface, and when Y Negative is an open surface. Hereinafter, a case where the open surface portion is X Positive shown in FIG. 9 will be described as an example.

  The measurement of the dimension in the Y-axis direction is performed at the measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set on a plane existing in the negative Y-axis direction, and P2 is set on a plane existing in the Y-axis positive direction. The X coordinate at that time is the coordinates of the center of the plane for both P1 and P2, and is set to a position at a fixed value (for example, −5 mm) from the upper surface of the Z axis coordinate.

  In the measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction, P3 is on a surface existing in the negative direction of the X-axis, and P4 is on a surface existing in the positive direction of the X-axis. The Y coordinate is the center coordinate of the bottom surface of both P3 and P4. Regarding the Z-axis coordinate, P3 is set to a position at a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the top surface, and P4 is set to a position of a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the bottom surface.

  In the measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction, P6 is set on a plane existing in the negative direction of the Z-axis, and P5 is set on a plane existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. P5 and P6 The Y-axis coordinate values are both the coordinates of the center of the bottom surface, and the X-axis coordinate values are positions at a fixed value (for example, -3 mm) from the surface where P6 is the center coordinate of the bottom surface and P5 is in the negative direction of the X-axis. It is.

  The Closed Slot has four patterns depending on the position of the open surface. In each case, the position of the measurement in the measurement in the direction of the open surface changes. For example, when Y Positive is the open surface, P1 is set inside the removal area and P2 is set outside the removal area when measuring the dimension in the Y-axis direction. Also, in the measurement in the Z-axis direction, when measuring the upper surface, in the direction opposite to the open surface portion, that is, when X Positive is the open surface portion, a constant value (for example, from the surface existing in the negative direction of the X axis) If Y Negative is an open surface at a distance of (+3 mm), the measurement point is set at a fixed value (for example, +3 mm) from a surface existing in the Y axis positive direction.

FIG. 10, Through Pocket
The measurement items in the Through Pocket are two items of a dimension in the X-axis direction and a dimension in the Y-axis direction. Regarding the measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction, the measurement is not performed on the precondition that the accuracy of the six surfaces is guaranteed. The measurement of the dimension in the Y-axis direction is performed at the measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set on a plane existing in the Y axis negative direction, and P2 is set on a plane existing in the Y axis positive direction. The X-axis coordinate is a value at the center of the surface, and the Z-axis coordinate is a position at a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the upper surface.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed at measurement points P3 and P4. P3 is set on a plane existing in the negative direction of the X axis, and P4 is set on a plane existing in the positive direction of the X axis. The Y-axis coordinate uses the Y-axis coordinate of the center of the surface, and the Z-axis coordinate is a position at a fixed value (for example, −5 mm) from the upper surface.

FIG. 11, Blind Hole
The measurement items in Blind Hole are three items of a dimension in the X-axis direction, a dimension in the Y-axis direction, and a dimension in the Z-axis direction.

  The measurement in the Y-axis direction is performed at the measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set at a point radially away from the center of the circle in the negative Y-axis direction, and P2 is set at a point radially away from the center of the circle in the positive Y-axis direction. The Z-axis coordinate is a position at a constant value (for example, −5 mm) from the upper surface of the circle.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed at measurement points P3 and P4. P3 is a point at a radius of a radius in the negative direction of the X axis from the center of the circle, P4 is a point of a radius of a radius in the positive direction of the X axis from the center, and the Z axis coordinate is a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the upper surface of both P3 and P4. ) Position.

  In the measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction, P6 is set on a plane existing in the Z-axis negative direction, and P5 is set on a plane existing in the Z-axis positive direction. Regarding the X-axis and Y-axis coordinates at that time, P6 is set as the X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of the center of the circle. The X-axis coordinate of P5 is a position obtained by adding a fixed value (for example, 3 mm) to the radius from the center. The coordinates of the center of the circle are used as the Y-axis coordinates.

FIG. 12, Through Hole
The measurement items in Through Hole are two items of a dimension in the X-axis direction and a dimension in the Y-axis direction. Regarding the dimension in the Z-axis direction, no measurement is performed on the premise that the accuracy of the six surfaces of the material is guaranteed. The measurement in the Y-axis direction is performed at the measurement points P1 and P2. P1 is set at a point radially away from the center of the circle in the negative Y-axis direction, and P2 is set at a point radially away from the center of the circle in the positive Y-axis direction. The Z-axis coordinate is set at a position at a fixed value (for example, -5 mm) from the upper surface of the circle for both P1 and P2.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed at measurement points P3 and P4. P3 is a point at a radius of a radius in the negative direction of the X axis from the center of the circle, P4 is a point of a radius of a radius in the positive direction of the X axis from the center, and the Z axis coordinate is a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the upper surface of both P3 and P4. ) Position.

FIG. 13, Step
The measurement items relating to Step are two items of a dimension in the X-axis or Y-axis direction and a dimension in the Z-axis direction. In Step, since a total of four patterns can be considered depending on the position of the open surface portion, the setting of the measurement point changes accordingly. In the case of FIG. 13, the positions of the measurement points when the open surface is X Positive, Y Positive, and Y Negative are shown. The measurement items in this case are the dimension in the X-axis direction and the dimension in the Z-axis direction.

  The measurement of the dimension in the X-axis direction is performed by P1 and P2. P1 is on a plane existing in the negative direction of the X axis, and P2 is on a plane existing in the positive direction of the X axis. The Y coordinate is the center coordinate of the bottom surface of both P1 and P2. Regarding the Z-axis coordinate, P1 is set to a position at a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the top surface, and P2 is set to a position of a constant value (for example, -5 mm) from the bottom surface.

  In the measurement of the dimension in the Z-axis direction, P4 is set on a surface existing in the negative direction of the Z-axis, and P3 is set on a surface existing in the positive direction of the Z-axis. The value of the Y-axis coordinate at that time is the coordinate of the center of the bottom surface for both P3 and P4, and the value of the X-axis coordinate is a constant value (for example, −4) from the surface where P4 is the center coordinate of the bottom surface and P3 is in the negative direction of the X axis. 3 mm).

  In Step, when the open surface portion is X Positive, Y positive Y negative, X Negative, Y Positive, Y Negative, Y Positive, X Positive, X Negative, X Negative, X Negative, X Negative The following four patterns can be considered. In each case, the position of the measurement point changes similarly to the closed slot, and the point P3 on the upper surface when measuring the dimension in the Z-axis direction is a position at a distance of a fixed value (for example, 3 mm) from the surface in the direction opposite to the open surface. Is set to Also, when measuring the dimension in the X-axis direction or the dimension in the Y-axis direction, the position of the measurement point outside the removal area changes.

  The measurement points for the shape of each of the removal regions 202 shown in FIGS. 6 to 13 are merely examples, and the measurement points may be set not only at the center in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction but also at biased positions.

  The information step insertion unit 106 determines a position to be brought into contact with a probe for shape measurement in accordance with the rule corresponding to FIGS. 6 to 13 according to the shape of the removal area 202 and generates measurement information.

  The performance information acquisition unit 103 is a processing unit that obtains performance information from the expert system 302. The performance information is the information accumulated by the expert system 302, and is obtained by accumulating machining area information in which machining area conditions for machining the machining area when machining the machining area with the machining area when machining the machining area in another material are accumulated. It is a built database. In the case of the present embodiment, the processing information at the time of processing by a so-called skilled engineer is employed as the performance information. The processing conditions include, for example, the type of tool when removing, the rotational speed of the tool, the feed amount of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction, the depth of cut in the axial direction, the use of cutting oil, and the type of cutting oil. In addition, the mass, material, finish state, dimensional tolerance, and the like of the removal area can be indicated.

  The matching unit 104 is a processing unit that searches and applies the processing information corresponding to each of the removal area information of each node acquired by the removal area information acquisition unit 102 to the result information acquired by the result information acquisition unit 103. In the case of the present embodiment, the matching unit 104 searches for a processing case in which the feature of the removal area information corresponding to the removal area 202 is the most similar from the actual result information, and determines each node of the order tree 400 based on the obtained result. One processing condition is applied to each removal region 202. As a result, processing conditions such that there is no processing trouble such as tool breakage are determined. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the processing conditions applied to the order tree. As shown in the figure, "EM" means an end mill, and the number attached to the side of "EM" is an identifier indicating the type of the end mill. The identifier indicates the size of the end mill, the material, and the like. The larger the value, the larger the tool. In the case of the present embodiment, the numerical value indicates the diameter of the end mill.

  The order determining unit 105 is a processing unit that determines one processing step for processing the material 200 from the order tree 400 to obtain the target 201 based on a predetermined condition. In the case of the present embodiment, the objective function is the number of times of tool change, and the machining order is determined so as to minimize the number. Note that the objective function may include the fact that the total moving time of the tool from the previously removed area to the next removed area is minimized. In addition, the following three conditions are applied in the stated order as predetermined conditions, and one processing step, that is, a processing order is determined from the order tree 400 that is a set of a plurality of processing steps.

  Condition 1: A tool that can remove all of the corresponding removal regions in the geometrical constraints is prioritized.

  Condition 2: A region existing in a higher hierarchy in the order tree is prioritized.

  Condition 3: Give priority to an area where a tool with a larger tool diameter is used than others.

  In the condition 1, all of the removal areas 202 that can be removed using one tool under the geometrical constraint, that is, the condition that the tool can directly approach and is limited to all the removal areas 202 that can be machined. Is removed, the tool is no longer used, and the tool change is performed only before and after machining these removal areas 202. By preferentially removing the removal area 202 to be removed by using such a tool, the area of the lower hierarchy can be removed in a situation where tool replacement is small, so that it is easy to determine the processing order of the next processing step. .

  Under the condition 2, the removal area 202 existing in the upper hierarchy in the order tree 400 is a removal area 202 that is easy for the tool to approach geometrically. The tool approach to the removal area 202 can be facilitated.

  Under the condition 3, it is considered that the removal area 202 to be removed by using a large tool whose tool diameter is larger than the others has a large removal volume. By preferentially processing a region having a large removal volume, the approach of the tool to a region to be subsequently processed can be facilitated.

  According to the above conditions, the processing order is determined as follows, for example, based on the order tree 400 with the processing conditions shown in FIG. Note that the order tree 400 has a directed tree structure. In the order tree 400, the removal area 202 to which the tool can approach becomes the root, and when the root is removed, the node immediately below the previous root becomes the new root. In the case of the present embodiment, since the first removal area 210, the second removal area 220, and the third removal area 230 are all removal areas 202 that can be approached by a tool, a plurality of routes exist. Since this is a processing step of removing and processing one material 200, it is treated as one ordered tree 400.

  FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the operation of the process design system. As shown in the drawing, the process design system 100 first extracts a route from the order tree 400 (S101).

  If there are a plurality of extracted removal areas 202 (S102: No), then condition 1 is applied to the extracted routes (S103). In the case of the present embodiment, since the tool EM8 is used only in the second removal area 220 that is a removable area, the condition 1 is satisfied. Similarly, since the tool EM4 is used only in the third removal area 230 which is a removable area, the condition 1 is satisfied. Therefore, when the second removal area 220 is machined using the tool EM8, the removal area 202 to be machined using the tool EM8 does not exist in all remaining removal areas 202. Similarly, when the third removal area 230 is machined using the tool EM4, the removal area 202 to be machined using the tool EM4 does not exist in all remaining removal areas 202. From the above, as for the removal area 202 corresponding to the condition 1, the removal area 202 to be removed is narrowed down to the second removal area 220 and the third removal area 230, but a plurality of removal areas exist.

  Next, when the condition 2 is applied to the narrowed-out removal area 202 (S104), the second removal area 220 and the third removal area 230 cannot be narrowed down to any one because they are at the same level in the order tree 400. , A plurality of removal areas 202 corresponding to the condition 2 remain.

  Next, when the condition 3 is applied to the remaining route (S105), the second removal area 220 using the tool EM8 whose tool diameter is larger than the tool EM4 of the third removal area 230 corresponds to the condition 3, and the condition 3 is satisfied. Is singular.

  Therefore, the removal area 202 to be removed first is determined as the second removal area 220.

  If the removal area 202 cannot be reduced to a single area even if the condition 3 is applied (S105: No), the process design system 100 gives priority to other conditions, for example, the removal area 202 that minimizes the movement of the tool. The order is determined based on such conditions (S107).

  Next, the measurement process insertion unit 106 determines whether or not a measurement process is linked to the removal area 202 for which the order is determined (S118). If the measurement process is inserted (S118: Yes), the determination is made. The measurement step is inserted after the order (S119).

  In the case of the present embodiment, the first removal area 210 and the second removal area 220 are linked to the first removal area 210 and the second removal area 220 by the measurement step insertion unit 106, respectively. The process is designed such that a first measurement step M1 for measuring the shape after processing is performed after the removal step of 210, and a second measurement step M2 for measuring the shape after processing is performed after the removal step for the second removal region 220. Is done.

  Next, since the order of all the removal areas 202 has not been determined (S110: No), the second removal area 220, which is the root determined in the order tree 400, is removed (S111), and the root is extracted again. (S101).

  Thus, an order tree 400 as shown in FIG. 16 is formed. Specifically, the removal area 202, which is a route that can be approached by the tool, includes a first removal area 210, a third removal area 230, a sixth removal area 221 that is a removal area of a lower hierarchy, and a seventh removal area 222. Is extracted.

  When the condition 1 is applied to the extracted route, if the removal area that can be approached by the tool EM6 is removed, the removal area 202 to be removed using the tool EM6 is eliminated. Therefore, the first removal region 210, the sixth removal region 221, and the seventh removal region 222 correspond to the first removal region 210, the sixth removal region 221 and the seventh removal region 222. Since the tool EM4 is the same, the third removal area 230 also corresponds.

  Since the first removal area 210 and the third removal area 230 are on the same level, the condition 2 cannot be narrowed down, so the condition 3 is applied. The removal area 202 (removal areas 210, 221 and 222) using the tool EM6 having a large tool diameter is preferentially removed.

  In this case, since there are a plurality of (three in this embodiment) priority removal areas 202, the process design system 100 applies the condition 2 as another condition, and removes the first removal area 210 existing in the upper hierarchy. Is set as a younger order, and the order of the sixth removal area 221 and the seventh removal area 222 is determined under conditions such as giving priority to the removal area 202 where tool movement is minimized.

  In addition, since the first measurement region M1 is previously linked to the first removal region 210, the first measurement region M1 is designed to be executed after the processing of the first removal region 210.

  Thus, an order tree 400 as shown in FIG. 17 is formed. Specifically, the removal area 202, which is a root to which the tool can approach, has a third removal area 230, a fourth removal area 211, which is a removal area of a lower hierarchy, and a fifth removal area 212, which remain as an order tree 400. are doing.

  Next, when the condition 1 is applied to the extracted route, all the remaining routes correspond. Next, when the condition 2 is applied, only the third removal area 230, which is the upper layer, is applicable. Therefore, the third removal area 230 is determined as the next order. In addition, since there is no lower hierarchy in the extracted route, no measurement process is linked.

  Finally, as shown in FIG. 18, the fourth removal area 211 and the fifth removal area 212 remain, but the order cannot be determined depending on the conditions 1 to 3, and the order is determined based on other conditions.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 19, the processing order is as follows. Second removal area 220 → second measurement step M2 → first removal area 210 → first measurement step M1 → sixth removal area 221 → seventh removal area 222 → third removal area 230 → fourth removal area 211 → fifth Removal area 212.

  As described above, the process design system 100 according to the present embodiment can determine one processing step from a plurality of processing steps. Further, the determined processing step is based on the database based on the results of the skilled person constructed by the support system 301, and therefore, is a realistic and reasonable processing step. In addition, since the measurement process is inserted after processing the removal area corresponding to the upper layer where the lower layer exists, it is possible to quickly detect whether or not a problem has occurred in the removal processing, and shift to the next processing step. Without taking any action.

  Specifically, in the case of forming a plurality of types of objects from a plurality of types of materials, a processing process was created by the process design system 100, and actual processing was performed in the created order of processing and measurement. It was confirmed that the machining process determined by the process design system 100 according to the present embodiment can automatically perform machining without any problem, and that if a problem occurs in the removal machining, the machining can be interrupted and dealt with early.

  Next, the processing apparatus 500 will be described. FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the processing apparatus.

  The processing apparatus 500 is an apparatus that can remove the removal area 202, and includes a process acquisition unit 510, an execution unit 520, and an abnormality notification unit 530 as functional units. In the case of the present embodiment, the processing device 500 includes a rework determination unit 540 and a rework instruction unit 550. Although the type of the processing device 500 is not particularly limited, an NC milling machine is employed in the present embodiment.

  The process acquisition unit 510 is a processing unit that acquires a process designed in the process design system 100. The method of acquiring the process is not particularly limited, and the process may be acquired from the CAM 303 or the like via a network such as a LAN (Local Area Network). Further, the information may be obtained via a recording medium on which the process is recorded as information.

  The execution unit 520 is a processing unit that executes a machining process and a measurement process based on the acquired process. In the machining process, cutting is performed using a cutting tool determined in the process. In the measurement step, the measurement is executed by changing the cutting tool to a touch sensor (touch probe).

  The abnormality notification unit 530 compares the measurement result obtained in the measurement process with the corresponding removal area information, and notifies the abnormality information when the processing result is abnormal. The case where the processing result is abnormal is a case where the measurement result is out of an allowable error range with respect to the removal area information. The notification method is not particularly limited, and examples include a case in which a worker is notified by sound, light, display, and the like, and a case in which information is transmitted (output) through communication.

  The rework determination unit 540 is a processing unit that determines whether the corresponding removal area can be reworked, based on the abnormality information notified by communication or the like. The term “reworkable” means, for example, a case where the measurement result is smaller than the removal area information, so that cutting can be performed again to approximate the removal area information.

  When the rework determination section 540 determines that rework is possible, the rework instructing section 550 replaces the tool with another tool and replaces the tool with another tool, and then performs the reworking of the removal area in which the abnormality is notified, in the execution section 520. Is a processing unit for instructing the processing.

  Next, a description will be given of a process flow based on a program included in the processing apparatus 500. FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a flow of steps in the processing apparatus. In the processing apparatus 500, the process acquisition unit 510 acquires a process including a measurement process from the CAM 303 or the like (S201). Next, the removal region 202 is removed according to the process (S202). After the removal processing of the removal area 202, if a measurement step exists (S203: No), the cutting tool is changed to a touch sensor, and the measurement is automatically performed according to the step (S204). It is determined whether the abnormality notification unit 530 is abnormal based on the measurement result and the removal area information (S205). When the abnormality information is notified from the abnormality notification unit 530, the rework determination unit 540 determines whether or not rework is possible (S206). When it is determined that rework is possible (S206: Yes), the rework instruction unit 550 instructs the execution unit 520 to execute machining using another tool of the same type as the previously machined tool. Outputs instruction information. The execution unit 520 that has obtained the instruction information executes the rework (S202). On the other hand, when the abnormality information is notified but rework is not possible (S206: No), the process is forcibly terminated.

  According to the processing apparatus 500 described above, instead of measuring the shapes of all the removed areas 202 that have been removed, the processing apparatus 500 measures the removed area 202 where child nodes exist. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the removal processing, the process is completed without performing the subsequent processing, so that useless processing can be avoided and production efficiency can be improved.

  Also, it is determined whether rework is possible or not, and if rework is possible, rework is performed with another tool, thereby making it possible to cover a defect of the tool and a mistake of mistaking the tool.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, another embodiment realized by arbitrarily combining the components described in this specification and excluding some of the components may be an embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the gist of the present invention with respect to the above embodiment, that is, modified examples obtained by performing various modifications conceivable by those skilled in the art without departing from the meaning indicated by the words described in the claims are also included in the present invention. It is.

  For example, although it has been described that the measurement process is inserted into the acquired order tree 400, the measurement process may be inserted after the processing order is determined.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, when the measurement process is performed, an example in which the measurement is performed by the processing apparatus 500 switching from the cutting tool to the touch sensor (touch probe) is described. The measurement may be performed by disposing the touch sensor on the movable axis of the processing device and moving the touch sensor by the processing device without changing the cutting tool. In this way, the time required for changing hands can be reduced.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the end milling process using the milling machine is determined has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the process design system 100 can also be applied to lathe processing. In this case, since the material is rotating, the surface on which the cutting tool, which is a cutting tool, approaches is a cylindrical surface.

  Further, although the process design system 100 and the support system 301 have been described as separate bodies, the support system 301 may be incorporated in the process design system 100 as a tree creating unit.

  In addition, the condition that the tool capable of removing all the corresponding removal areas is given priority in the geometric constraint condition is set as the condition 1, but instead of the condition 1, only one tool is used for all the removal areas. A condition that gives priority to an area that is not processed may be used. According to this, it is possible to simplify the processing for determining the processing step.

  Further, it is also possible to determine the processing step based on the condition 2 and the condition 3 without determining the condition 1.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for design of a process including a measurement process when manufacturing an object using an NC processing machine or the like, and processing based on the process.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 process design system 101 tree acquisition unit 102 removal area information acquisition unit 103 result information acquisition unit 104 matching unit 105 order determination unit 106 measurement process insertion unit 200 material 201 target object 202 removal area 203 total removal area 204 plane 210 first removal area 211 Fourth removal area 212 Fifth removal area 220 Second removal area 221 Sixth removal area 222 Seventh removal area 230 Third removal area 301 Support system 302 Expert system 400 Order tree 500 Processing device 510 Process acquisition unit 520 Execution unit 530 Abnormality notification unit 540 Rework determination unit 550 Rework instruction unit

Claims (5)

A process design system that determines a process for processing a plurality of removal regions of a material to obtain an object having a predetermined shape,
A tree obtaining unit that obtains an order tree represented by a hierarchical structure with the candidates for the processing order of the removal area derived by limiting the processing order of the removal area based on a geometric constraint condition,
For the order tree, after finishing the processing of the upper hierarchy where the lower hierarchy is present, a measurement process insertion unit that inserts the measurement process at a timing before the processing of the lower hierarchy,
A process design system comprising: a sequence determining unit that determines a machining process using predetermined priority conditions based on the sequence tree. The measurement step insertion unit,
The process design system according to claim 1, wherein the measurement information related to the measurement location is determined based on the shape of the removal area in the upper hierarchy corresponding to the inserted measurement process. A process acquisition unit that acquires a process designed in the process design system according to claim 1 or 2,
An execution unit that executes a machining process and a measurement process based on the acquired process,
A processing apparatus comprising: an abnormality notification unit that compares a measurement result obtained in a measurement process with corresponding removal area information and reports abnormality information when the processing result is abnormal. Based on the notified abnormality information, a rework determination unit that determines whether the corresponding removal area can be reworked,
The processing apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising: a rework instructing unit that instructs a rework after changing a tool when it is determined that rework is possible. A process design method for processing a plurality of removal regions of a material to determine a process for obtaining an object having a predetermined shape,
A tree acquisition unit acquires an order tree represented by a hierarchical structure, the candidates for the processing order of the removal area derived by limiting the processing order of the removal area based on geometric constraints.
For the order tree, after the processing of the upper hierarchy in which the lower hierarchy exists, the measurement process insertion unit inserts the measurement process at a timing before the processing of the lower hierarchy,
A process design method in which a sequence determining unit determines a machining process using predetermined priority conditions based on the sequence tree.

Images