JP2019534322A - Tim−3の上昇を処置する方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年9月26日に出願された米国特許仮出願第62/399,976号の恩典を主張し、その内容はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、腫瘍学および遺伝子治療に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、患者においてTIM-3の効果を処置するため、減少させるための技術に関する。
米国において160万人よりも多くの人々が、2016年にがんを発症していると推定される。最も一般的ながんには、乳がん、肺および気管支のがん、前立腺がん、大腸がん、膀胱がん、黒色腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、甲状腺がん、腎臓がん、白血病、子宮内膜がん、および膵臓がんが含まれる。がんの発生率は、1年に100,000人の男女あたりおよそ454症例である。死亡数は、1年に100,000人の男女あたりおよそ171である。国立癌研究所(www.cancer.gov)は、米国におけるほぼ1450万人の人々が、がんを有して生きていたこと、および2024年までにその数が、約1900万人に達するであろうことを推定している(www.cancer.govを参照されたい)。男女のおよそ40%が、生存期間中のいつかの時点でがんと診断されることになる。ひとたび腫瘍がその起源から遠く離れた部位で成長する能力を獲得すると、がんによる死の大多数は、転移性疾患の全身性作用によるものである。
ウイルスベースの免疫賦活薬および抗ヘルペス性プロドラッグの投与が、がんを患っている対象においてTIM-3のレベルを低減させることが発見された。
これらの特許、特許出願、および刊行物の開示はその全体が、本明細書において説明され、特許請求される本発明の日付時点で、当業者に公知であるとして当技術分野の状態をより完全に説明するために、参照によって本出願に組み入れられる。特許、特許出願、および刊行物と本開示との間にいずれかの不一致がある場合には、本開示が支配することになる。
本明細書において用いられる場合、「投与」という用語は、対象または系への組成物の投与を指す。動物対象への(例えば、ヒトへの)投与は、任意の適切な経路によってであってもよい。例えば、いくつかの態様において、投与は、気管支(気管支滴下によるものを含む)、頬、経腸、皮間(interdermal)、動脈内、皮内、胃内、髄内、筋肉内、鼻腔内、腹腔内、くも膜下腔内、静脈内、脳室内、特異的な臓器内(例えば、肝臓内)、粘膜、経鼻、経口、直腸、皮下、舌下、局所、気管(気管内滴下によるものを含む)、経皮、膣、および硝子体であってもよい。いくつかの態様において、投与は、腫瘍内または腫瘍周囲であってもよい。いくつかの態様において、投与は、間欠的投薬を含んでもよい。いくつかの態様において、投与は、少なくとも選択された期間にわたる、継続的投薬(例えば、かん流)を含んでもよい。当技術分野において公知であるように、抗体療法は、一般的に非経口的に(例えば、静脈内注射または皮下注射によって)施される。「局所投与」とは、腫瘍を含む病変の部位へ、または腫瘍の切除された部位へ、または腫瘍が位置するかもしくは位置していた体腔への直接的な投与を指す。局所投与は、部位へのボーラス注射であってもよく、または、部位の外部であるが接触しているか、もしくは局所部位に埋め込まれる用量送達ビヒクルを含んでもよい。
本開示は、TIM-3の上昇したレベルを患っているか、またはこれになりやすい対象を処置するための方法を提供する。
本開示による対象においてTIM-3のレベルを低減させるための治療法は、GMIS療法を用いることを含む。GMIS療法は、治療用遺伝子を腫瘍に送達するために、オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬(例えば、遺伝学的細菌ベクターもしくはウイルスベクター)または他のオリゴヌクレオチドを利用する。あるいは、GMISは、遺伝子自体を対象に送達するためにトランスフェクションを用い、抗ヘルペス性プロドラッグの対象への投与も含む。
本開示はまた、TIM-3を上方制御する他の療法と組み合わせた、本開示によるGMIS療法の施行にも関する。そのような「併用療法」は、(免疫チェックポイント阻害剤療法の施行に起因しようとなかろうと)増大したTIM-3レベルを患っているか、またはこれになりやすい対象に施されてもよい。
GMIS療法および/または追加的なTIM-3上方制御療法、例えば、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤療法は、治療薬の活性に影響を及ぼさない、生理学的に許容される担体または賦形剤もまた含む薬学的組成物において施される。薬学的組成物は、特定の投与の方式のために製剤化される。
本開示の方法にしたがう使用のための薬学的組成物は、任意の適切な経路によって投与されてもよい。いくつかの態様において、薬学的組成物は、静脈内に投与される。薬学的組成物は、皮下に、心臓または筋肉(例えば、筋肉内)、または神経系(例えば、脳中への直接注射;脳室内;くも膜下腔内)などの標的組織への直接投与によって投与され、腫瘍への直接投与によって投与される。あるいはまたはさらに、薬学的組成物は、非経口、経皮、または経粘膜(例えば、経口もしくは経鼻)で投与される。望ましい場合、1つよりも多い経路が同時に用いられ得る。
神経膠芽腫のための遺伝子媒介性細胞傷害性免疫療法(GMCI)のインビボおよびインビトロの施行
本実施例により、GMCIの施行が、神経膠腫細胞において細胞傷害性であり、DNA損傷を引き起こすことが実証される。ヒト高度神経膠腫(hHGG)のマウスモデル(CT2A)、神経膠腫の遺伝的マウスモデル(Mut3)、マウス神経膠腫細胞(GL261Luc2)、およびU251神経膠腫細胞株を、対照(NC)、ガンシクロビル(GCVもしくはG)、アデノウイルス媒介性単純ヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼ(AdV-tk)、またはGCVとAdV-tkの組み合わせ(例えば、GMCI)で処置した。細胞生存率を、対照と比べて測定した。対照、GCV単独、およびAdV-tk単独と比べて細胞生存率の有意な減少が、GCVおよびAdV-tkの両方(例えば、GMCI)で処置した細胞およびマウスにおいて観察された(図1)。Ser-139上がリン酸化されたヒストンH2AXの免疫細胞化学検出により、GCVおよびアデノウイルス媒介性単純ヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼ(AdV-tk)の両方で処置したGL261Luc2細胞、ならびにMut3マウスおよびCT2Aマウス由来の細胞が、対照、GCV、または単独で処置した細胞およびマウスと比較して増加したDNA損傷(例えば、二本鎖DNA切断)を有することが実証された(図2Aおよび2B)。
インビトロの神経膠芽腫細胞ならびにインビボのマクロファージおよびミクログリアにおける、GMCIでの細胞表面PD-L1の増加
本実施例により、神経膠芽腫細胞のGMCI処置が、細胞表面PD-L1のレベルを増大させることが実証される。フローサイトメトリーを用いて、PD-L1を発現する細胞のパーセンテージを定量した。GMCIで処置した細胞により、モック処置を受けた細胞上でのPD-L1の発現と比較して、PD-L1の発現の増大が実証された(図3Aおよび3B)。GMCIで処置した細胞の免疫組織化学解析により、無処置細胞と比較してPD-L1発現の増大が実証された(図3C)。対照的に、GMCI処置は、無処置細胞による発現と比較してビメンチンの発現を増大させなかった。GMCIで処置したマクロファージ(図4A)およびミクログリア細胞(図4B)の両方により、IgG(対照)で処置した細胞と比較して、PD-L1陽性細胞のパーセンテージの増大が実証された。
インビトロのマウス神経膠腫細胞におけるINF-βの放出
CT-2AおよびGL261神経膠腫細胞を、AdV-tk(10 vp/μl)、GCV(10μg/ml)、GMCI(AdV-tk+GCV)で処置したか、またはモック処置した。4日後に、細胞上清をINF-β含量についてELISAによって解析した。
GMCIでのサイクリックGMP-AMPシンターゼ(cGAS)の上方制御
マウス神経膠芽腫細胞におけるcGASの発現レベルを、AdV-TK、GCV、およびGMCIでの処置後に検討した。
GMCIおよび抗PD-1抗体でのマウス神経膠芽腫の処置
マウスに、0日目に頭蓋内GL261-Luc2神経膠腫細胞を投与した。AdV-tkおよびGCVを受けるマウスは、7日目にAdV-tkの腫瘍内(IT)投与を、および8〜17日目にGCVの腹腔内(IP)投与を受け(例えば、「GMCI」);a-PD1を受けるマウスは、10日目、13日目、16日目、および19日目に抗PD-1(例えば、「aPD-1」)抗体のIP投与を受けた。併用処置を受けるマウスは、7日目にAdV-tkの腫瘍内(IT)投与を、および8〜17日目にGCVの腹腔内(IP)投与を、ならびに10日目、13日目、16日目、および19日目に抗PD-1抗体のIP投与を受けた。無処置マウスは、いかなる処置も受けなかった。マウスを、生存および腫瘍量について評価した。少なくとも100日の生存に達したマウスを、「長期サバイバー」(LTS)と指定した。LTSマウスおよび齢が一致した腫瘍ナイーブのマウスに、頭蓋内GL261-Luc2神経膠腫細胞を投与し、生存および腫瘍量について評価した。
抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせたGMCIに対する免疫応答
腫瘍浸潤リンパ球集団を、21日目に脳から調製して、フローサイトメトリーによって解析し、複数の個々のマウスからの結果を散布図に示した。
抗PD-1抗体と組み合わせたGMCIに対する免疫応答
免疫細胞浸潤レベルを、GMCI処置を受けていた膵臓がん患者の切除された腫瘍において特徴決定し、処置前の患者から収集した組織と比較した。CD4+細胞浸潤物またはCD8+細胞浸潤物のレベルを、GMCIでの処置前(「前」)またはGMCIでの処置後(「後」)のいずれかに収集した組織において免疫組織化学によって測定した。利用可能な試料を有する7人の患者についての処置前生検または処置後外科的切除由来のパラフィン切片を、抗CD4抗体または抗CD8抗体で染色して、蛍光体にコンジュゲートされた二次抗体によって可視化した。高倍率視野(hpf)あたりの陽性細胞の数を、当業者にとって標準的である顕微鏡技法を用いて計数した。これらの患者の各々由来の数を、3つの高倍率視野における陽性細胞の平均数としてプロットし、CD4+細胞およびCD8+細胞について散布図に提示した。
当業者は、本明細書に記載される本発明の具体的態様に対する多くの等価物を、認識しまたはルーチンに過ぎない実験法を用いて確かめることができるであろう。本発明の範囲は、上記の説明に限定されるようには意図されず、むしろ添付の特許請求の範囲において示される通りである。
Claims (39)
- 腫瘍に対する免疫応答を有する対象において免疫エフェクター細胞のTIM-3媒介性下方制御を阻害する方法であって、
エフェクターT細胞機能を上方制御するのに有効な、治療的有効量の遺伝子ベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬(GMIS)療法を該対象に施す段階
を含み、
該対象における腫瘍量が低減される、
方法。 - 前記GMIS療法が、オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬およびプロドラッグを投与することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬が、ウイルスベースの免疫賦活薬を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬が、遺伝子ベースの免疫賦活薬を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬が、アデノウイルスベクター、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクター、ヘルペスウイルスベクター、ワクシニアウイルスベクター、レトロウイルスベクター、またはレンチウイルスベクターを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬が、アデノウイルス媒介性単純ヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼ(AdV-tk)またはシトシンデアミダーゼ(CD)を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記AdV-tkがaglatimagene besadenovecを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグが抗ヘルペス性プロドラッグを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記抗ヘルペス性プロドラッグが、ガンシクロビル、バラシクロビル、アシクロビル、ファムシクロビル、ペンシクロビル、それらの類似体、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグおよび前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの免疫賦活薬が、同時にまたは連続的に投与される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグが、前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬の投与後に投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグが、前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬の投与の少なくとも1日後に投与される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグが、前記オリゴヌクレオチドベースの細胞傷害性免疫賦活薬の投与前に投与される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記プロドラッグが、経口的、腹腔内、くも膜下腔内、静脈内、硝子体内、病変内、または胸膜内に投与される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記AdV-tkが腫瘍内に投与される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 処置される対象が、TIM-3発現を上方制御する追加療法により処置されたことがあるかまたは処置されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記追加療法が、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤療法、サイトカイン媒介性療法、免疫活性化刺激アジュバントによる処置、または腫瘍関連抗原による処置を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記追加療法が、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤の投与を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が、抗PD-1阻害剤、抗PDL-1阻害剤、抗CTLA-4阻害剤、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が抗体を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が抗PD-1抗体である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記抗PD-1抗体が、ペムブロリズマブ、ニボルマブ、それらの類似体、またはそれらの混合物である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記チェックポイント阻害剤が抗PDL-1抗体を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記抗PDL-1抗体が、デュルバルマブ、アテゾリズマブ、アベルマブ、それらの類似体、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫チェックポイント阻害剤が抗CTLA-4抗体を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記抗CTLA-4抗体が、イピリムマブ、トレメリムマブ、MDX-010、それらの類似体、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記追加療法がサイトカイン媒介性療法を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記サイトカイン媒介性療法が、治療的有効量のIL-2、IL-7、IL-12、IL-15、IL-18、IL-21、IL-27、GM-CSF、FLT-3、インターフェロン、またはそれらの組み合わせの投与を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記追加療法が、免疫アジュバントの投与を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫アジュバントがToll様受容体アゴニストを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫アジュバントが、CpGまたはGLAを含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記追加療法が、腫瘍関連抗原の投与を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍関連抗原が、ワクチン中にある、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記ワクチンが、腫瘍関連抗原をコードする複製微生物ベクターまたは非複製微生物ベクターを含む、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記ベクターが、ウイルスベクターまたは細菌ベクターである、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 処置される対象が、がんを患っているか、またはがんになりやすい、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、悪性胸水、肺がん、中皮腫、結腸がん、前立腺がん、乳がん、皮膚がん、肝臓がん、骨がん、膵臓がん、卵巣がん、精巣がん、膀胱がん、腎臓がん、脳がん、頭部がん、または頸部がんである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが脳がんである、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記対象における免疫応答が増大する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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EP3955943A4 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2023-10-25 | Candel Therapeutics, Inc. | COMBINATION THERAPY WITH GMCI AND DDRI FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER |
EP4037705A4 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2024-02-21 | Candel Therapeutics, Inc. | COMBINATION OF GMCI AND ATRI CANCER TREATMENT |
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