JP2019516689A - 生物製剤および不安定な薬剤の制御送達のための自己集合したゲル - Google Patents
生物製剤および不安定な薬剤の制御送達のための自己集合したゲル Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2016年5月6日に出願された米国仮出願第62/332,643号および同第62/332,673号(これらは、その全体が参考として本明細書に援用される)の利益およびそれへの優先権を主張する。
本発明は、Department of Defenseによって付与された助成金第W81XWH−14−1−0229号の下、政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
用語「ゲル化剤」は、水素結合、ファンデルワールス相互作用、疎水性相互作用、イオン性相互作用、パイ−パイスタッキング、またはそれらの組み合わせなどの非共有結合相互作用を通じて、1つまたは複数の溶媒中で自己集合することができる分子を指す。ゲル化剤は、たとえば毛管力(capillary force)を通じて溶媒を硬直化(rigidify)させることによって、ゲルを形成することができる。ゲル化剤は、ヒドロゲル化剤(たとえばヒドロゲルを形成するゲル化剤)および有機ゲル化剤(たとえば有機ゲルを形成するゲル化剤)を含むことができる。一部の実施形態では、ゲル化剤は、ヒドロゲルおよび有機ゲルの両方を形成することができる。
1.ゲル化剤
薬物送達のためのin vivoで安定な自己集合するゲルの形成および使用が、US2017/0000888に記載されている。ゲルを形成するための自己集合に適したGRAS両親媒性ゲル化剤は、概して2,500Da未満であり、好ましくは酵素で切断可能であり得る。GRAS両親媒体ゲル化剤(amphiphile gelator)は、マイクロ/ナノ構造(たとえばラメラ、ミセル、小胞、または繊維構造)に基づくゲルへと自己集合することができる。
自己集合したゲルを形成するためのゲル化剤のための液体媒体は、概して、有機溶媒および水(または塩類水溶液)の二溶媒系、または水性−有機混合溶媒系を含む。
ゲル組成物は、1つまたは複数の治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を、それを必要とする個体または被験体へと送達するのに適している。治療剤、予防剤および診断剤は、軟骨を修復もしくは再生するか、またはそれによって障害を処置するためのタンパク質、ペプチド、糖もしくは多糖、脂質もしくはリポタンパク質もしくはリポ多糖、核酸(DNA、RNA、siRNA、miRNA、tRNA、piRNA等)もしくはそのアナログ、または低分子(典型的には2,000Dまたはそれより小さい、より典型的には1,000Dまたはそれより小さい、有機、無機、天然または合成)であってよい。
一部の実施形態では、投与後に血液安定性を増強するおよび/またはナノ構造の脱集合速度を低減する薬剤が、組成物中に含まれる。安定化剤は、典型的には剛性を付与し、充填密度を増加させ、ならびに/または集合した構造の強度を増強し、それにより相転移プロセスおよび転移温度を変更し、ならびに/または集合した粒子の表面特性を調節して、タンパク質接着または蓄積を低減または防止する。
機械特性および注入性(injectability)
自己集合したゲル組成物により、容器の倒置に際して、室温で少なくとも10秒間、一部の場合では、約1時間、3時間、1日間、2日間、3日間、1週間またはそれより長く、沈下流(gravitational flow)は観察されない。自己集合したゲルは均一で、倒置に対して安定であり、これはゲル化した領域(非流動性)およびゲル化していない液体領域(流動性)の混合物である不均一な材料とは異なる。自己集合したゲルは、リポソームまたはミセル懸濁物とも異なる。リポソームまたはミセル懸濁物は自己支持性ではなく、容器を倒置した場合に流動し得る。
薬剤は、ナノ構造内、またはその間に封入することができるか、ナノ構造と非共有結合的に結合することができるか、またはその両方を行うことができる。
投与部位または放出が望ましい場所、たとえば腫瘍または感染エリアにおける特徴に起因して、放出を誘発する刺激が存在し得る。これらは、血液もしくは血清に存在する条件、または細胞、組織、もしくは器官の内側もしくは外側に存在する条件であってよい。これらは、低いpHおよび分解酵素の存在によって特徴付けられる。ゲル組成物は、細胞、組織または器官の疾患状態、たとえば炎症において存在する条件下でのみ脱集合して、それによって薬剤を標的化した組織および/または器官において放出することを可能にするために設計されてよい。これは1つの選択肢であるか、または薬剤のゲル浸食媒介性および受動拡散媒介性放出と組み合わせて使用してよい。
ゲル組成物は、ある部位における、またはある期間後における制御された分解のために、投与部位における条件に基づいて設計することができる。溶液中の遊離薬剤と比較して、封入された薬剤は、自己集合したゲルから、大幅にゆっくりと放出され、たとえば封入された薬剤の30%未満が最初の3日以内に、70%未満が7日以内に放出される。酵素などの刺激の存在下で、酵素で切断可能な連結を含むゲル化剤から形成された自己集合したゲルは、酵素を欠如している媒体中のゲルと比較して、より速やかに薬剤を放出する。
結合組織に対する親和性を有する自己集合したゲル組成物は、乾燥粉末製剤または液体製剤で調製してよい。
1.生物製剤および不安定な薬剤の送達のための自己支持性ゲルの製造。
蒸留、濾過、透析、遠心分離、他の溶媒交換技術、真空、乾燥、または凍結乾燥を、1つまたは複数の反復プロセスにおいて使用して、封入されなかった過剰な薬剤および有機溶媒を、医薬製品の要件において定められた限界を下回るまでゲルから除去してよい。
一部の実施形態における自己集合したゲルは、患者への投与の容易さのために(たとえば飲用または注入による)および/または毒性を制御するために所望の薬物濃度をもたらすために、薬学的に許容されるものに懸濁される。
無菌製剤は、まず処理溶液(たとえば薬物およびゲル化剤溶液)の滅菌濾過、それに続いて無菌処理条件下でゲル調製、懸濁、精製および凍結乾燥を実行することによって調製する。あるいは、すべての処理ステップを非滅菌条件下で実行することができ、その後、凍結乾燥されたヒドロゲル製品に対して最終滅菌(たとえばガンマまたは電子線照射)を適用することができる。再懸濁のための滅菌溶液もまた、同様の方法を使用して調製することができる。
任意選択で、生物製剤または他の治療剤、予防剤、もしくは診断剤を封入している、ゲル組成物、繊維懸濁物、またはゲル粒子懸濁物は、種々の公知の局部的送達技術を通じて投与することができ、これは注入、移植、エアゾールを使用する吸入、および口腔もしくは頬表面、鼻腔もしくは気道、腸管(経口的または経直腸的)、膣、または皮膚などの、粘膜に対する局所適用を含む。in situにおいて、安定化したナノ構造の自己集合は、組成物の局部的送達および活性薬剤の刺激応答性送達を、特に感染、外傷、炎症またはがんのエリアに対して可能にする。
パルミチン酸アスコルビルを、第1の有機溶媒であるDMSO、および第2の溶媒である超純水を含む総体積200μLを用いて10w/v%で調製した。DMSOの体積百分率は、DMSOおよび超純水を含む合計体積の20%、25%、30%、50%とした。
試料を含有するバイアルを目視検査のために反転させて、均一にゲル化しているかどうかを決定した。
GRAS両親媒体(パルミチン酸アスコルビル、モノステアリン酸トリグリセロール TG18、ステアリン酸スクロース、パルミチン酸スクロース、テトラデシルマルトシド、またはモノステアリン酸ソルビタン)をバイアルに添加した:最終濃度を、有機溶媒および超純水を含む総量200μLの液体媒体中10w/v%または6w/v%とした。
(1)DMSOと水の2溶媒媒体:
DMSO−水中最終10w/v%において、パルミチン酸アスコルビル(AP)、モノステアリン酸トリグリセロール(TG18)、ステアリン酸スクロース(SS)、およびパルミチン酸スクロース(SP)は、DMSO−水を溶媒として用いて自己支持性ゲルを形成した(バイアルを反転させても流動しなかった)が、テトラデシルマルトシド(TDM)およびモノステアリン酸ソルビタン(SMS)は自己支持性ゲルを形成しなかった(表1)。パルミチン酸スクロースは、ゲル化するのにAP、TG18、およびSSよりも長い時間を要した(終夜)。10w/v%TDMはDMSO−水中に流動性の液体として可溶化された。10w/v%SMSはDMSO−水を用いると沈澱し、自己支持性ゲルを形成しなかった。
ジプロピレングリコール−水系中6w/v%の最終濃度で、パルミチン酸アスコルビル(AP)およびモノステアリン酸トリグリセロール(TG18)は自己支持性ゲルを形成した(バイアルを反転させても流動しなかった)が、パルミチン酸スクロース(SP)は自己支持性ゲルを形成しなかった(表3)。6%SPは、ジプロピレングリコール中で沈澱し、これは、バイアルを反転させると流動した。
30%プロピレングリコールおよび70%水を含有する液体200μL中6w/v%の最終濃度で、パルミチン酸アスコルビル(AP)は自己支持性ゲルを形成した(バイアルを反転させても流動しなかった);モノステアリン酸トリグリセロール(TG18)は自己支持性の塊を形成したが、顆粒状の凝集物を含んでいた;しかし、ステアリン酸スクロース(SS)およびパルミチン酸スクロース(SP)は自己支持性ゲルを形成しなかった(表5)。
パルミチン酸アスコルビル(AP)50mgをDMSO150μL中に溶解させ、加熱した。DMSO中AP溶液を37℃まで冷ました。水中5mg/mLのリゾチームまたはアミラーゼストック350μLをAP溶液に添加し、混合して、全体で3.5mg/mLのリゾチームまたはアミラーゼが負荷されたゲルを作製した。
リゾチームは79.3%の効率で封入された。封入後のリゾチームの活性は、ゲル調製の直後に決定して、89%であった。
方法
ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)および免疫グロブリンを、定量化を容易にするために、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート(FITC)で標識した、すなわち、BSA−FITCおよびIgG−FITCにした。上記のDMSO−水系で、DMSO含有量を30%または50%として、加熱を行わずにゲルを形成した。封入効率は、ゲルに由来する、すなわち、捕捉されていない薬剤を除去するための遠心分離後の繊維または粒子に関するものである。
図2および3は、それぞれ、大量のウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)および抗体(IgG)が封入されたパルミチン酸アスコルビルゲルを示す。
BSA−FITCが負荷されたパルミチン酸アスコルビルゲルを異なるBSA−FITC濃度(2.5および5mg/ml)を用いて調製した。
図5は、7日間にわたるBSA−FITCのゲル懸濁物からの緩徐な持続放出を示す。
パルミチン酸アスコルビル(AP)を、プロピレングリコール60μL中に、加熱することにより溶解させた。プロピレングリコール中AP溶液を37℃まで冷ました。
図7は、siRNAの封入効率が、ゲル化剤の濃度が上昇するにしたがって上昇したことを示す。
Claims (34)
- 37℃を上回るまでの加熱に曝露された場合に活性を失う1つまたは複数の治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の送達のための自己集合したゲル組成物であって、
2,500またはそれよりも小さい分子量を有する一般に安全と認められる(GRAS)ゲル化剤であって、水性ゲル化媒体および有機溶媒を含む溶液中で加熱され、その後冷却された場合に、ヒドロゲルまたは有機ゲルを形成し、前記ゲルがナノ構造を含み、前記ゲルが、25℃における倒置に対して少なくとも10分間安定である、ゲル化剤と、
前記ゲルおよび/またはその中のナノ構造内に組み入れられた治療剤、予防剤、または診断剤であって、封入された前記治療剤、前記予防剤、または前記診断剤が、封入前の活性の少なくとも50%、好ましくは80%を有する、治療剤、予防剤、または診断剤と
を含む、ゲル組成物。 - 37℃を上回るまでの加熱の非存在下で、ゲル化剤の均一な溶液から形成される、請求項1に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記均一な溶液を37℃または25℃に加熱し、その後冷却することによって形成される、請求項2に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記治療剤、前記予防剤、または前記診断剤が、その活性の少なくとも80%を、少なくとも3日間、4℃または体温(37℃)において維持する、請求項1に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒が、前記ゲル化媒体の体積において10%を超える、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒が、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、ジプロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、酪酸ヘキシル、グリセロール、アセトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル、エタノール、およびメタノールからなる群より選択される溶媒を含む、請求項5に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、前記ゲル化媒体中に少なくとも4重量/体積%またはそれよりも大きい濃度で存在し、前記有機溶媒が、前記ゲル化媒体の体積において15%〜50%の間である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、パルミチン酸アスコルビル、デカン酸アスコルビル ラウリン酸アスコルビル、カプリル酸アスコルビル、ミリスチン酸アスコルビル、オレイン酸アスコルビル、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるアルカン酸アスコルビルである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、モノパルミチン酸トリグリセロール、モノデカン酸トリグリセロール、モノラウリン酸トリグリセロール、モノカプリル酸トリグリセロール、モノミリスチン酸トリグリセロール、モノステアリン酸トリグリセロール、モノオレイン酸トリグリセロール、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるモノアルカン酸トリグリセロールである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、パルミチン酸スクロース、ステアリン酸スクロース、デカン酸スクロース、ラウリン酸スクロース、カプリル酸スクロース、ミリスチン酸スクロース、オレイン酸スクロース、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるアルカン酸スクロースである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、モノステアリン酸ソルビタン、デカン酸ソルビタン、ラウリン酸ソルビタン、カプリル酸ソルビタン、ミリスチン酸ソルビタン、オレイン酸ソルビタン、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるアルカン酸ソルビタンである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記治療剤、前記予防剤、または前記診断剤が、タンパク質もしくはペプチド、核酸分子、リポタンパク質、脂質、または低分子を含む、請求項1に記載のゲル組成物。
- 2つまたはそれよりも多い薬剤を含み、少なくとも1つの薬剤が他の薬剤の効能を強化する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 溶媒または封入されなかった薬剤が除去される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記溶媒が、凍結乾燥または乾燥によって除去される、請求項14に記載のゲル組成物。
- 分散されているかまたは粉々に粉砕されている、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 滅菌投薬単位キットにおける、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記投薬単位が、乾燥成分のための1つまたは複数の容器および液体成分のための1つまたは複数の容器を含み、これらが一緒に混合されて、前記自己集合したゲル組成物を形成する、請求項17に記載のゲル組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体を含み、任意選択で、前記ゲル組成物または精製された前記ゲル組成物が、前記薬学的に許容される担体中にホモジナイズされているか、または他の方法で分散されている、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記ゲルの粉砕または分散によって形成された分散した粒子、シートまたはテープの形態である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物。
- 前記担体が、包帯、創傷包帯剤、またはパッチである、請求項16に記載のゲル組成物。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物を形成する方法であって、
2,500またはそれよりも小さい分子量を有するGRASゲル化剤、および治療剤、予防剤、または診断剤を含む均一な溶液を、水または水溶液および有機溶媒を含む媒体中で、37℃を上回るまでの加熱の非存在下で形成することを含む、方法。 - 前記均一な溶液を37℃または25℃に加熱し、その後冷却することによって前記ゲルを形成することを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記GRASゲル化剤が、前記ゲル化媒体中に少なくとも4重量/体積%またはそれよりも大きい濃度で存在し、前記有機溶媒が、前記ゲル化媒体の体積において15%〜50%の間である、請求項22または23に記載の方法。
- 溶媒または封入されなかった薬剤が、凍結乾燥または乾燥によって除去される、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲル組成物が、分散されているかまたは粉々に粉砕されている、請求項22〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 局所的または注入による投与のための滅菌投薬単位キットへと包装されている、請求項22〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- それを必要とする部位における投与のために、乾燥成分および液体成分を混合することを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を投与する方法であって、それを必要とする個体に、請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載のゲル組成物を投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記ゲルが、注入または移植によって投与される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲルが、局所的に投与される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲルが、粉末または乾燥分散物として投与される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲルが、鼻粘膜、口腔粘膜、頬粘膜、肺粘膜、膣粘膜、腸粘膜、および直腸粘膜からなる群より選択される粘膜表面に投与される、請求項31または32に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲルが、創傷被覆材または包帯剤中にまたはその上に組み入れられ、創傷に適用される、請求項31または32に記載の方法。
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