JP2019510513A - B細胞のゲノム編集のための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
B細胞のゲノム編集のための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年6月14日出願の米国特許出願第15/161,213号の一部継続出願であり、米国特許出願第15/161,213号は2016年4月4日出願のPCT特許出願PCT/US2016/025920の一部継続出願であり、このPCT特許出願PCT/US2016/025920は、2015年4月3日出願の米国仮出願第62/142,882号の優先権及び権益を主張し、それらの各々の内容は、参照により全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本出願は、EFS-Webを介してASCIIフォーマットで提出された配列表を含み、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。2016年6月13日に作成された上記ASCIIコピーは、DFCI-106/002WO_ST25.txtという名称であり、9,514バイトのサイズである。
本発明の方法によって作製されるB細胞は、治療用モノクローナル抗体を分泌するよう操作されている。治療用モノクローナル抗体は、当該技術分野において周知であり、例えば、3F8、8H9、アバゴボマブ(Abagovomab)、アブシキシマブ(Abciximab)、アブリルマブ(Abrilumab)、アクトクスマブ(Actoxumab)アダリムマブ(Adalimumab)、アデカツムマブ(Adecatumumab)、アデュカヌマブ(Aducanumab)、アフェリモマブ(Afelimomab)、アフツズマブ(Afutuzumab)、アラシズマブペゴール(Alacizumab pegol)、ALD518、アレムツズマブ(Alemtuzumab)、アリロクマブ(Alirocumab)、アルツモマブペンテト酸(Altumomab pentetate)、アマツキシマブ(Amatuximab)、アナツモマブマフェナトクス(Anatumomab mafenatox)、アニフロルマブ(Anifrolumab)、アンルキンズマブ(Anrukinzumab)(=IMA-638)、アポリズマブ(Apolizumab)、アルシツモマブ(Arcitumomab)、アセリズマブ(Aselizumab)、アチヌマブ(Atinumab)、アツリズマブ(Atlizumab)(=トシリズマブ)、アトロリムマブ(Atorolimumab)、バピネウズマブ(Bapineuzumab)、バシリキシマブ(Basiliximab)、バビツキシマブ(Bavituximab)、ベクツモマブ(Bectumomab)、ベリムマブ(Belimumab)、ベンラリズマブ(Benralizumab)、ベルチリムマブ(Bertilimumab)、ベシレソマブ(Besilesomab)、ベバシズマブ(Bevacizumab)、ベズロトクスマブ(Bezlotoxumab)、ビシロマブ(Biciromab)、ビマグルマブ(Bimagrumab)、ビバツズマブメルタンシン(Bivatuzumab mertansine)、ブリナツモマブ(Blinatumomab)、ブロソズマブ(Blosozumab)、ブレンツキシマブベドチン(Brentuximab vedotin)、ブリアキヌマブ(Briakinumab)、ブロダルマブ(Brodalumab)、カナキヌマブ(Canakinumab)、カンツズマブメルタンシン(Cantuzumab mertansine)、カンツズマブラブタンシン(Cantuzumab ravtansine)、カプラシズマブ(Caplacizumab)、カプロマブペンデチド(Capromab pendetide)、カルルマブ(Carlumab)、カツマキソマブ(Catumaxomab)、CC49、cBR96-ドキソルビシン(doxorubicin)免疫コンジュゲート、セデリズマブ(Cedelizumab)、セルトリズマブペゴール(Certolizumab pegol)、セツキシマブ(Cetuximab)、Ch.14.18、シタツズマブボガトクス(Citatuzumab bogatox)、シクスツムマブ(Cixutumumab)、クラザキズマブ(Clazakizumab)、クレノリキシマブ(Clenoliximab)、クリバツズマブテトラキセタン(Clivatuzumab tetraxetan)、コナツムマブ(Conatumumab)、コンシズマブ(Concizumab)、クレネズマブ(Crenezumab)、CR6261、ダセツズマブ(Dacetuzumab)、ダクリズマブ(Daclizumab)、ダロツズマブ(Dalotuzumab)、ダラツムマブ(Daratumumab)、デムシズマブ(Demcizumab)、デノスマブ(Denosumab)、デツモマブ(Detumomab)、ジヌツキシマブ(Dinutuximab)、ジリダブマブ(Diridavumab)、ドルリモマブアリトクス(Dorlimomab aritox)、ドロジツマブ(Drozitumab)、デュリゴツマブ(Duligotumab)、デュピルマブ(Dupilumab)、デュシギツマブ(Dusigitumab)、エクロメキシマブ(Ecromeximab)、エクリズマブ(Eculizumab)、エドバコマブ(Edobacomab)、エドレコロマブ(Edrecolomab)、エファリズマブ(Efalizumab)、エフングマブ(Efungumab)、エルデルマブ(Eldelumab)、エロツズマブ(Elotuzumab)、エルシリモマブ(Elsilimomab)、エミベツズマブ(Emibetuzumab)、エナバツズマブ(Enavatuzumab)、エンホルツマブベドチン(Enfortumab vedotin)、エンリモマブペゴール(Enlimomab pegol)、エノキズマブ(Enokizumab)、エノチクマブ(Enoticumab)、エンシツキシマブ(Ensituximab)、エピツモマブシツキセタン(Epitumomab cituxetan)、エプラツズマブ(Epratuzumab)、エルリズマブ(Erlizumab)、エルツマキソマブ(Ertumaxomab)、エタラシズマブ(Etaracizumab)、エトロリズマブ(Etrolizumab)、エビナクマブ(Evinacumab)、エボロクマブ(Evolocumab)、エキスビビルマブ(Exbivirumab)、ファノレソマブ(Fanolesomab)、ファラリモマブ(Faralimomab)、ファルレツズマブ(Farletuzumab)、ファシヌマブ(Fasinumab)、FBTA05、フェルビズマブ(Felvizumab)、フェザキヌマブ(Fezakinumab)、フィクラツズマブ(Ficlatuzumab)、フィギツムマブ(Figitumumab)、フランボツマブ(Flanvotumab)、フレチクマブ(Fletikumab)、フォントリズマブ(Fontolizumab)、フォラルマブ(Foralumab)、フォラビルマブ(Foravirumab)、フレソリムマブ(Fresolimumab)、フルラヌマブ(Fulranumab)、フツキシマブ(Futuximab)、ガリキシマブ(Galiximab)、ガニツマブ(Ganitumab)、ガンテネルマブ(Gantenerumab)、ガビリモマブ(Gavilimomab)、ゲムツズマブオゾガマイシン(Gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、ゲボキズマブ(Gevokizumab)、ギレンツキシマブ(Girentuximab)、グレムバツムマブベドチン(Glembatumumab vedotin)、ゴリムマブ(Golimumab)、ゴミリキシマブ(Gomiliximab)、グセルクマブ(Guselkumab)、イバリズマブ(Ibalizumab)、イブリツモマブチウキセタン(Ibritumomab tiuxetan)、イクルクマブ(Icrucumab)、イゴボマブ(Igovomab)、IMAB362、イムシロマブ(Imciromab)、イムガツズマブ(Imgatuzumab)、インクラクマブ(Inclacumab)、インダツキシマブラブタンシン(Indatuximab ravtansine)、インフリキシマブ(Infliximab)、インテツムマブ(Intetumumab)、イノリモマブ(Inolimomab)、イノツズマブオゾガマイシン(Inotuzumab ozogamicin)、イピリムマブ(Ipilimumab)、イラツムマブ(Iratumumab)、イトリズマブ(Itolizumab)、イキセキズマブ(Ixekizumab)、ケリキシマブ(Keliximab)、ラベツズマブ(Labetuzumab)、ラムブロリズマブ(Lambrolizumab)、ラムパリズマブ(Lampalizumab)、レブリキズマブ(Lebrikizumab)、レマレソマブ(Lemalesomab)、レルデリムマブ(Lerdelimumab)、レキサツムマブ(Lexatumumab)、リビビルマブ(Libivirumab)、リファスツズマブベトチン(Lifastuzumab vedotin)、リゲリズマブ(Ligelizumab)、リンツズマブ(Lintuzumab)、リリルマブ(Lirilumab)、ロデルシズマブ(Lodelcizumab)、ロルボツズマブメルタンシン(Lorvotuzumab mertansine)、ルカツムマブ(Lucatumumab)、ルリズマブペゴール(Lulizumab pegol)、ルミリキシマブ(Lumiliximab)、マパツムマブ(Mapatumumab)、マルゲツキシマブ(Margetuximab)、マスリモマブ(Maslimomab)、マブリリムマブ(Mavrilimumab)、マツズマブ(Matuzumab)、メポリズマブ(Mepolizumab)、メテリムマブ(Metelimumab)、ミラツズマブ(Milatuzumab)、ミンレツモマブ(Minretumomab)、ミツモマブ(Mitumomab)、モガムリズマブ(Mogamulizumab)、モロリムマブ(Morolimumab)、モタビズマブ(Motavizumab)、モキセツモマブパスドトクス(Moxetumomab pasudotox)、ムロモナブ-CD3(Muromonab-CD3)、ナコロマブタフェナトクス(Nacolomab tafenatox)、ナミルマブ(Namilumab)、ナプツモマブエスタフェナトクス(Naptumomab estafenatox)、ナルナツマブ(Narnatumab)、ナタリズマブ(Natalizumab)、ネバクマブ(Nebacumab)、ネシツムマブ(Necitumumab)、ネレリモマブ(Nerelimomab)、ネスバクマブ(Nesvacumab)、ニモツズマブ(Nimotuzumab)、ニボルマブ(Nivolumab)、ノフェツモマブメルペンタン(Nofetumomab merpentan)、オビルトキサキシマブ(Obiltoxaximab)、オカラツズマブ(Ocaratuzumab)、オクレリズマブ(Ocrelizumab)、オデュリモマブ(Odulimomab)、オファツムマブ(Ofatumumab)、オララツマブ(Olaratumab)、オロキズマブ(Olokizumab)、オマリズマブ(Omalizumab)、オナルツズマブ(Onartuzumab)、オンツキシズマブ(Ontuxizumab)、オポルツズマブモナトクス(Oportuzumab monatox)、オレゴボマブ(Oregovomab)、オルチクマブ(Orticumab)、オテリキシズマブ(Otelixizumab)、オトレルツズマブ(Otlertuzumab)、オキセルマブ(Oxelumab)、オザネズマブ(Ozanezumab)、オゾラリズマブ(Ozoralizumab)、パギバキシマブ(Pagibaximab)、パリビズマブ(Palivizumab)、パニツムマブ(Panitumumab)、パンコマブ(Pankomab)、パノバクマブ(Panobacumab)、パルサツズマブ(Parsatuzumab)、パスコリズマブ(Pascolizumab)、パテクリズマブ(Pateclizumab)、パトリツマブ(Patritumab)、ペムブロリズマブ(Pmbrolizumab)、ペムツモマブ(Pemtumomab)、ペラキズマブ(Perakizumab)、ペルツズマブ(Pertuzumab)、ペキセリズマブ(Pexelizumab)、ピジリズマブ(Pidilizumab)、ピナツズマブベドチン(Pinatuzumab vedotin)、ピンツモマブ(Pintumomab)、プラクルマブ(Placulumab)、ポラツズマブベドチン(Polatuzumab vedotin)、ポネズマブ(Ponezumab)、プリリキシマブ(Priliximab)、プリトキサキシマブ(Pritoxaximab)、プリツムマブ(Pritumumab)、PRO140、クイリズマブ(Quilizumab)、ラコツモマブ(Racotumomab)、ラドレツマブ(Radretumab)、ラフィビルマブ(Rafivirumab)、ラムシルマブ(Ramucirumab)、ラニビズマブ(Ranibizumab)、ラキシバクマブ(Raxibacumab)、レガビルマブ(Regavirumab)、レスリズマブ(Reslizumab)、リロツムマブ(Rilotumumab)、リツキシマブ(Rituximab)、ロバツムマブ(Robatumumab)、ロレデュマブ(Roledumab)、ロモソズマブ(Romosozumab)、ロンタリズマブ(Rontalizumab)、ロベリズマブ(Rovelizumab)、ルプリズマブ(Ruplizumab)、サマリズマブ(Samalizumab)、サリルマブ(Sarilumab)、サツモマブペンデチド(Satumomab pendetide)、セクキヌマブ(Secukinumab)、セリバンツマブ(Seribantumab)、セトキサキシマブ(Setoxaximab)、セビルマブ(Sevirumab)、シブロツズマブ(Sibrotuzumab)、SGN-CD19A、SGN-CD33A、シファリムマブ(Sifalimumab)、シルツキシマブ(Siltuximab)、シムツズマブ(Simtuzumab)、シプリズマブ(Siplizumab)、シルクマブ(Sirukumab)、ソフィツズマブベドチン(Sofituzumab vedotin)、ソラネズマブ(Solanezumab)、ソリトマブ(Solitomab)、ソネプシズマブ(Sonepcizumab)、ソンツズマブ(Sontuzumab)、スタムルマブ(Stamulumab)、スレソマブ(Sulesomab)、スビズマブ(Suvizumab)、タバルマブ(Tabalumab)、タカツズマブテトラキセタン(Tacatuzumab tetraxetan)、タドシズマブ(Tadocizumab)、タリズマブ(Talizumab)、タネズマブ(Tanezumab)、タプリツモマブパプトクス(Taplitumomab paptox)、タレキシツマブ(Tarextumab)、テフィバズマブ(Tefibazumab)、テリモマブアリトクス(Telimomab aritox)、テナツモマブ(Tenatumomab)、テネリキシマブ(Teneliximab)、テプリズマブ(Teplizumab)、テプロツムマブ(Teprotumumab)、TGN1412、チシリムマブ(Ticilimumab)(=トレメリムマブ(tremelimumab))、チルドラキズマブ(Tildrakizumab)、チガツズマブ(Tigatuzumab)、TNX-650、トシリズマブ(Tocilizumab)(=アツリズマブ(atlizumab))、トラリズマブ(Toralizumab)、トシツモマブ(Tositumomab)、トベツマブ(Tovetumab)トラロキヌマブ(Tralokinumab)、トラスツズマブ(Trastuzumab)、TRBS07、トレガリズマブ(Tregalizumab)、トレメリムマブ(Tremelimumab)、ツコツズマブセルモロイキン(Tucotuzumab celmoleukin)、ツビルマブ(Tuvirumab)、ウブリツキシマブ(Ublituximab)、ウレルマブ(Urelumab)、ウルトキサズマブ(Urtoxazumab)、ウステキヌマブ(Ustekinumab)、バンチクツマブ(Vantictumab)、バパリキシマブ(Vapaliximab)、バルリルマブ(Varlilumab)、バテリズマブ(Vatelizumab)、ベドリズマブ(Vedolizumab)、ベルツズマブ(Veltuzumab)、ベパリモマブ(Vepalimomab)、ベセンクマブ(Vesencumab)、ビシリズマブ(Visilizumab)、ボロシキシマブ(Volociximab)、ボルセツズマブマフォドチン(Vorsetuzumab mafodotin)、ボツムマブ(Votumumab)、ザルツムマブ(Zalutumumab)、ザノリムマブ(Zanolimumab)、ザツキシマブ(Zatuximab)、ジラリムマブ(Ziralimumab)、及びゾリモマブ(Zolimomab)を含む。
遺伝集編集、又はゲノム編集は、ヌクレアーゼを用いて、DNAが挿入、置換、又はゲノムから除去される遺伝子操作の1つの型である。ヌクレアーゼは人工的に操作されてもよい。代替的に、ヌクレアーゼは天然に見られるものであってもよい。ヌクレアーゼは、ゲノム内の所望の位置において特異的な二重鎖切断(DSB)を発生する。続いて、細胞の内在性の修復メカニズムが、相同組換え(HR)及び非相同末端結合(NHEJ)のような天然のプロセスによって、誘導された切断を修復する。ヌクレアーゼは、例えば、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)、転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)、CRISPR(例えばCRISPR/Casシステム)、及び操作されたメガヌクレアーゼに再操作されたホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼを含む。CRISPRヌクレアーゼは、例えば、Casヌクレアーゼ、Cpflヌクレアーゼ、Cmrヌクレアーゼ、Csfヌクレアーゼ、Csmヌクレアーゼ、Csnヌクレアーゼ、Csyヌクレアーゼ、C2c1ヌクレアーゼ、C2c3ヌクレアーゼ、及びC2c3ヌクレアーゼを含む。
本明細書に記載されるのは、B細胞の遺伝子のいずれかの標的部位に特異的に結合するDNA結合ドメインを含む組成物である。好ましい実施形態において、遺伝子は、免疫グロブリン遺伝子、抗原提示を増強するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子、抗原提示を抑制するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子、抗体保持又は分泌に関連する配列を含む遺伝子座位、サイトカインをコードする遺伝子、メモリーB細胞への分化を促進する遺伝子、形質細胞への分化を促進する遺伝子、又はB細胞のリンパ系器官(例えば、リンパ節、脾臓、骨髄)への輸送を促進する遺伝子である。
ZFP並びに融合タンパク質(及びそれをコードするポリヌクレオチド)の設計及び構築の方法は、当業者に公知であり、米国特許第6,140,0815号、米国特許第789,538号、米国特許第6,453,242号、米国特許第6,534,261号、米国特許第5,925,523号、米国特許第6,007,988号、米国特許第6,013,453号、米国特許第6,200,759号、WO95/19431、WO96/06166、WO98/53057、WO98/54311、WO00/27878、WO01/60970、WO01/88197、WO02/099084、WO98/53058、WO98/53059、WO98/53060、WO02/016536、及びWO03/016496に詳述される。
ある実施形態において、融合タンパク質はDNA結合ドメイン及び切断(ヌクレアーゼ)ドメインを含む。それ自体として、遺伝子改変は、ヌクレアーゼ、例えば操作されたヌクレアーゼを用いて達成することができる。操作されたヌクレアーゼの技術は、天然のDNA結合タンパク質の操作に基づく。例えば、改変されたDNA結合特異性を有するホーミングエンドヌクレアーゼの操作が記載されている。Chames等、(2005)Nucleic Acids Res 33(20):el78、Arnould等、(2006)J. Mol. Biol. 355:443〜458頁。更に、ZFPの操作もまた記載されている。例えば、米国特許第6,534,261号、米国特許第6,607,882号、米国特許第6,824,978号、米国特許第6,979,539号、米国特許第6,933,113号、米国特許第7,163,824号、及び米国特許第7,013,219号を参照できる。
本明細書において記載されるようなDNA結合ドメインを含むタンパク質の送達方法は、例えば、米国特許第6,453,242号、米国特許第6,503,717号、米国特許第6,534,261号、米国特許第6,599,692号、米国特許第6,607,882号、米国特許第6,689,558号、米国特許第6,824,978号、米国特許第6,933,113号、米国特許第6,979,539号、米国特許第7,013,219号、及び米国特許第7,163,824号に記載され、その全ての開示は、参照によりそれらの全てが本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、B細胞の遺伝子編集の方法を提供する。
開示された組成物及び方法は、B細胞受容体の発現、特異性、及び/又は機能性のモジュレートが望まれる任意の適用に使用することができる。好ましくは、本発明の組成物及び方法は、免疫療法に使用される。
本明細書において使用する用語は、特定の実施形態のみを説明するためのものであり、限定することを意図するものではないということも理解されるべきである。本明細書及び添付の特許請求の範囲において使用されるとき、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、文脈が明らかに他を示していない限り、複数の言及対象を含む。したがって、例えば、「細胞(a cell)」への言及は、2つ以上の細胞の組合せ、又は細胞培養全体を含み、「ポリヌクレオチド(a polynucleotide)」への言及は、現実問題として、多数のコピーのそのポリヌクレオチドを含む。特に述べられていないか、又は文脈から明らかでない限り、本明細書において使用されるとき、用語「又は(or)」は、両立的であると理解されるべきである。本明細書及び以下の本明細書の残りの部分において定義されない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、本発明の所属する技術分野における当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同一の意味を有する。
実験的アプローチ
Cas9は、例示の目的のために列挙されるが、他のCRISPRシステム(例えば、Cpf1又はStaphylococcus aureusのCas9)を、使用して同一の目的を達成することができる。そのようなシステムは、異なる基質特異性を有し得、そのため、アプローチは同一のままであるが、gRNA配列及びゲノムの標的部位は異なり得る。
a. 細胞数及びmRNA/プラスミド/sgRNA濃度を変動させることによりhAAVS1又はCXCR4切断を最適化する、
i. Cas9-2A-GFP又はCas9+GFP改変mRNA及び有効なhAAVS1標的化gRNA→FACSによってGFP陽性細胞をソートして、ヌクレオフェクトされた細胞を濃縮できる
ii. DNAを分析する(MiSeq又はSurveyor/T7E1アッセイ)
iii. フローサイトメトリーによる表面CXCR4の喪失の検査
b. sgRNAをスクリーニングして、重鎖及び軽鎖において対象とする座位を切断するsgRNAを同定する:公的に利用可能なソフトウェアにより予想される配列を試験する
i. 各々のヌクレオフェクション実験(例えば2×106個のB細胞)において、4つの標的部位(重鎖及び軽鎖の上流及び下流=4)の各々に対して予測された1つのsgRNAをトランスフェクトする→各々の座位のPCR増幅に続いてT7E1及び/又はMiSeqを実施して、各々の部位に対して予測されたsgRNAのうちで最適な切断因子を検証する
c. 相同組換え(HR)ドナーテンプレート挿入を最適化する
i. Cas9のmRNA/プラスミド/タンパク質、sgRNA、及びドナーテンプレート(相同腕に隣接されるエピトープタグ又は公知の治療用モノクローナル抗体の組換え重鎖及び軽鎖をコードする)の量を変動させる
1. ドナーテンプレートはPAM のNGGをNNG又はNGNで置き換えて(同義変異が最も望ましい)テンプレートの切断を防ぐべきである
2. インサートは、規定されたコードされる免疫グロブリン定常領域に続いて、新規のmRNAへとスプライスされる任意の下流配列の発現を防ぐ終止コドンをコードすべきである
ii. Cas9-2A-GFP若しくはCas9+GFPの改変mRNA、又は組換えCas9(+GFP)タンパク質若しくは組換えCas9/GFP融合タンパク質、及び相同組換え(HR)ドナーテンプレート(線状であり得るか、又はテンプレート末端に適合する突出末端の生成のためにテンプレート末端に共通の制限部位を含めることによって連結して環状偽ベクターとすることができる単一のテンプレート中に重鎖と軽鎖の両方、及びそれらの相同腕を含み得る)、又は従来のドナーベクター(例えば、CFP+両方のHRテンプレート)
1. B細胞が、B細胞受容体(BCR)からの持続性のシグナル伝達なしで生存可能な場合、機能性HRの最適化は、重鎖及び軽鎖の座位に、2つの蛍光レポーター(例えば、EGFP、mCherry)又はエピトープタグを挿入することによって達成できる
2. Lonza社(Nucleofectorの製造者)に従って、4つのsgRNAは、各々の細胞に全て導入し(コトランスフェクションを確かにするために共通のベクター上のGibson組み立てをもなし得る)、4つの関連するsgRNAを含むRNPのカクテルの送達は、大部分の細胞の4つの座位への標的化を同様に可能にすべきである
iii. Cas9/GFP、4つのsgRNA、及び2つのHRインサート(重鎖及び軽鎖、各々がその両端で500bpを超える相同腕によって隣接される)をヒトB細胞にヌクレオフェクトする、→GFP陽性細胞をソーティングし、ゲノムDNAを単離し、MiSeqに供する
a. 細胞をクローニングして、接合部をまたがるサンガーシーケンシングを実施する
b. 単離してクローニングされたB細胞上でRFLPを実施することもできる(異種性のレパートリーのために、RFLPはおそらく陰性対照では機能しない)
a. RNPカクテル(4つのsgRNA)、及び2つのHRインサート(重鎖及び軽鎖、各々がその両端で500bpを超える相同腕によって隣接される)をヒトB細胞にヌクレオフェクトする
b. 蛍光標識されたベイト(bait)に結合するCD19陽性B細胞を、FACSによって単離する(ベイトへの結合は、所望のゲノム改変、すなわちベイトに対する規定された特異性を有する挿入されたBCRを有するB細胞に限定される)
i. 考慮から除外されるであろう望ましくないオフターゲットゲノム改変を有する細胞を同定するために、いくつかのクローンに対するディープシーケンシングを実施する
ii. 所望のB細胞クローンを、長寿命の形質細胞への分化を促進し、高レベルの免疫グロブリンの分泌を促進するXBP-1をコードするmRNAによってヌクレオフェクトできる
iii. (同種異系の適用のために、関連するHLA座位を変異又は除去するためにゲノム編集を実施する。起こり得るNK細胞媒介性細胞傷害性をアンタゴナイズするのに必要であるので、CD48をコードするDNAをセーフハーバー(safe-harbor)座位(例えば、Rosa26)に挿入できる。
例示的なsgRNA
IGHV3-23(のすぐ上流の)gRNA:
GAAAACACCTGAAAATCCCA(配列番号7)
抗TNFαインサート配列
例としてアダリムマブを使用する。
CXCR4座位におけるB細胞編集
この実施例において提示されるデータは、CXCR4が、Cas9-gRNA RNPの送達に続いて(しかしながらCas9をコードするDNA又はmRNAの送達には続かない)ヒトB細胞において遺伝子改変の対象となり得ることを実証する。例えば、CXCR4座位は、3つの細胞株(Ramos、Raji、及びU266)(図21C及び図21E)並びに初代B細胞(図17、図18、図20)においてゲノム切断の標的であった(T7E1切断アッセイで実証されたように)。
B細胞受容体座位におけるB細胞編集
この実施例において提示されるデータは、B細胞の座位のゲノム切断/標的化を実証する(図22B〜図22E)。データは、T7E1切断アッセイの使用により、ゲノム切断が、試験された2つのB細胞株、Raji及びRamos(図24A〜図24F)並びに単離された初代B細胞(図22B〜図22E)のB細胞受容体座位において起こることを示す。切断座位の増幅のために選択されたプライマーは図22Aに示される。
1)HindIIIのIGHVへの導入:gRNA1-3、HDRテンプレート1
2)FLAGタグのIGHVへの導入:gRNA1-3、HDRテンプレート2
3)HindIIIのIGHV/Jへの導入:gRNA1-3及び2-2、HDRテンプレート3
4)FLAGタグのIGHV/Jへの導入:gRNA1-3及び2-2、HDRテンプレート4
5)HindIIIのIGKVへの導入:gRNA3-1、HDRテンプレート5
6)HAタグのIGKVへの導入:gRNA3-1、HDRテンプレート6
7)HindIIIのIGKV/Jへの導入:gRNA3-1及び4-6、HDRテンプレート7
8)HAタグのIGKV/Jへの導入:gRNA3-1及び4-6、HDRテンプレート8
9)HindIIIのIGHV及びIGKVへの:1)+5)
10)FLAGのIGHV及びHAのIGKVへの:2)+6)
11)HindIIIのIGHV/J及びIGKV/Jへの:3)+7)
12)FLAGのIGHV/J及びHAのIGKV/Jへの:4)+8)
トランスフェクションの最適化
B細胞及びPBMCのトランスフェクションの最適な条件を確立するために様々な条件がアッセイされた(図3〜図16)。アッセイされた変数は、トランスフェクション効率に対する細胞密度の影響(図3〜図5)、トランスフェクションの型(すなわち、使用されるヌクレオフェクションプログラムの最適化)(図6、図7、図12、及び図13)、トランスフェクトされるDNAコンストラクトは切断されたか、又は無傷であったか(図7C)、細胞が、トランスフェクション前又は後にIL4又はIL4/IL21/CD40Lの存在下で培養されるかどうか(図8〜図10、図14)、トランスフェクションに使用されるDNAコンストラクトの濃度(図9A、図15A、図15B)、並びに使用された細胞単離の種類(すなわちMAC又はRosetteSep単離)(図11)を含んだ。異なるプロモーターを有する様々なCas9ベクターの、細胞の生存率及びGFPを発現する細胞の能力に対する影響を確かめるために他のアッセイが使用された(図9A)。これらのデータは、ベクター番号63592(EFSプロモーター)が番号48138(Cbhプロモーター)よりも高いGFP発現をもたらすことを実証する。これらのデータは、プラスミドのトランスフェクションよりもmRNAのトランスフェクションで細胞の生存率が高いこと、及びトランスフェクション後1日と2日との間でのGFP発現に大きな差異がないことを更に実証する。
データは、PMBCにおける生存率及びeGFPトランスフェクションの効率が、細胞数を増加させる(すなわち、細胞数を1×106個から5×106〜1×10e7個にまで)ことによって増強できることを示す(図5A)。DNAコンストラクトのトランスフェクションにおける細胞濃度の影響に関する他の観察は、PBMCにおけるGFP-Cas9トランスフェクションの効率ではなく、生存率が細胞数の増加によって増強できること(図5A)、Cas9トランスフェクション後に生存率が最低であり、経時的にわずかに減少すること(図5B)、及びGFP発現が48時間後に低下すること(図5B)を示す。
試験された様々なヌクレオフェクションプログラムのうち、ヌクレオフェクションプログラムV-015が、最も高い細胞生存率と、最も低いトランスフェクション対照(DNAの添加なし)におけるバックグランドをもたらし、eGFP及びCas9に対する最も高いトランスフェクション効率をもたらす(図7A〜図7D)。これらのアッセイからの他の観察は、通常のDNAプレップが、エンドフリー(「EF」)プレップよりも良好に機能(すなわちCas9とEFを比較する)し、線状化DNAがプラスミドDNAよりも良好に機能し(すなわち、切断されたCas9とCas9を比較する)、GFPのmRNAは量が多いと良好に機能するが、なおも低い効率を有する(すなわちmGFP10μg、20μg)こと、MaxCyte装置によるトランスフェクションが機能しない、並びに生存率が異なる条件によって大きく影響を受けないこと(すなわち、mRNAトランスフェクション及びエンドフリープレップについてわずかに高い)を示す(図7A〜図7D)。細胞株のトランスフェクションを用いるアッセイは、U266/eGFPについての高いトランスフェクション効率が存在すること、U266において初代B細胞よりもCas9トランスフェクションが良好に機能すること、トランスフェクションされたU266細胞について高い生存率が存在すること、Ramos細胞株おいてGFPのmRNA(mGFOP)を除いて不十分な効率が存在すること、トランスフェクション後のRamos細胞株において不十分な生存率が存在することを示す(図7D)。
初代B細胞トランスフェクションの様々な最適化が実施された(図8〜図10)。これらの最適化実験からのデータは、トランスフェクション後のIL-4/IL-21/CD40Lによる細胞の培養は、eGPF及びCas9トランスフェクション効率を増加させることを示す(図8B)。異なるプロモーターを有する様々なCas9ベクターもまたアッセイされた。これらの結果は、ベクター番号63592(EFSプロモーター)が番号48138(Cbhプロモーター)よりも良好に機能し、自己合成GFP及びCas9のmRNA+/-5meCは、Trilink社より購入したGFPのmRNAと比べて機能せず、mRNAトランスフェクションで生存率がより高いこと、及びトランスフェクション後1日目と2日目の発現の間に検知できるような差異が存在しないことを示す(図9A〜図9B)。アッセイ中で使用されるDNAの量における変化は、5μgが2μgよりも良好に機能するが、生存率が大きく低下することを示した(図9B)。
細胞が単離された方法に依存するトランスフェクションに対する影響もまた評価された(図11A及び図11B)。2つの単離方法が評価された:MACS及びRosetteSep。これらのアッセイから得られたデータは、RosetteSepによって単離されたB細胞においてより高いトランスフェクション効率が存在することを示す。MACS単離細胞について、サイト間処理は導入遺伝子発現を低下させ、一方で、RosetteSep単離細胞において、サイトカインは、一方のドナー(ドナーA)からの細胞のトランスフェクションに正の影響を有するが、別のドナー(ドナーB)からの細胞には効果を有さなかった(図11A及び図11B)。
実施された他のアッセイは、B細胞の活性化、使用されるB細胞の量、及びトランスフェクトされるDNAコンストラクトの濃度の影響を決定した(図15A〜図15C)。これらのアッセイについて、異なる量のB細胞が3T3細胞上に播種され、24時間及び48時間共培養され、様々な濃度のDNAコンストラクトによるトランスフェクションが後に続く。これらのアッセイからのデータはより多い細胞数、より長い細胞活性化、及びより高いDNA濃度の各々が、GFPとCas9の両方のトランスフェクションに対して正の影響を有したが、トランスフェクション効率は低かったことを示す。細胞生存率は、B細胞が3T3細胞と予め培養されていたときにヌクレオフェクション後にわずかながらも減少した。実施された他のアッセイは、より高いB細胞数が、5μgのCas9プラスミドと組み合わされたとき、最も良く機能したことを示した(図15B)。
B細胞単離及び培養
B細胞は、ヒト臍帯血から取得されたPBMCから、Ficoll法によって単離された。
抗体挿入、mRNA発現、抗体産生、及び抗体特異性の評価
2×106個の初代ヒトB細胞が、試験ごとに使用された。細胞は、新しい鎖骨血からRosetteSep B cells Enrichment Cocktail(StemCell Technologies社)によって単離され、エレクトロポレーション前に、組換えIL-4(BioLegend社)によって1日間活性化されたか、又はCellXVivo Human B Cell Expansion Kit(R&D Systems社)によって3〜4日間活性化された。記載されるようにエレクトロポレーション(15μgのCas9、20μgのgRNA、及び100pmolの一本鎖HDRテンプレート又は3μgの二本鎖HDRテンプレート)を実施した後に、細胞を活性化成分並びに1μMのScr-7及び10μMのZ-VD-OPH(キノリン-Val-Asp-ジフルオロフェノキシメチルケトン、「OPH」)と共に5又は6日間培養した。活性化成分及びOPHは、製造者の仕様書に従って溶解し、細胞を培養のためにフローサイトメトリーチューブに移す直前に培地中に添加した。更なる5又は6日間の培養の後、細胞の生存率をZombie NIR(BioLegend社)染色を用いるフローサイトメトリーによって確認した。
B細胞編集効率及び生存率に対する汎カスパーゼ阻害剤Q-VD-OPH(OPH)の評価
エレクトロポレーション後にB細胞の生存率を増加させることは、実施例8に提示されるデータ(ナノボディ又は抗体をコードする配列の挿入及びそれらの発現の確認)を生じるのに必要とされた。この実施例は、エレクトロポレーション後にB細胞の生存率を大幅に増加させるための汎カスパーゼ阻害剤Q-VD-OPH(「OPH」)の同定及びそれらの最適な濃度の定義を記載し、それは実施例8に記載される実験の前に実施された。これらの実験のために、2×106個の初代ヒトB細胞が、試験ごとに使用された。細胞は、新しい鎖骨血からRosetteSep B cells Enrichment Cocktail(StemCell Technologies社)によって単離され、エレクトロポレーション前に、組換えIL-4(BioLegend社)によって1日間活性化されたか、又はCellXVivo Human B Cell Expansion Kit(R&D Systems社)によって3〜4日間活性化された。記載されるようにエレクトロポレーション(15μgのCas9、20μgのgRNA、及び100pmolの一本鎖HDRテンプレート又は3μgの二本鎖HDRテンプレート)を実施した後に、細胞をそれぞれの活性化成分及び異なるOPH濃度で培養した。活性化成分及びOPHは、製造者の仕様書に従って溶解し、細胞を培養のためにフローサイトメトリーチューブに移す直前に培地中に添加した。更なる5又は6日間の培養の後、細胞の生存率をZombie NIR(BioLegend社)染色を用いるフローサイトメトリーによって確認した(図47〜図52)。
本発明は、それらの詳細な説明と共に記載されてきたが、上述の説明は、添付の特許請求の範囲によって定義される本発明の範囲を例示することを意図し、それを限定することを意図しない。他の態様、利点、及び改変は、以下の特許請求の範囲の範囲内にある。
Claims (33)
- 培養中の初代ヒトB細胞の集団の生存率を増加させる方法であって、B細胞の集団を、アポトーシス阻害剤を含む培地中で培養する工程を含む、方法。
- アポトーシス阻害剤がカスパーゼ阻害剤である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- カスパーゼ阻害剤がQ-VD-OPHである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 集団の生存率が、アポトーシス阻害剤の非存在下で培養されたB細胞集団と比較して少なくとも10%増加する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 初代ヒトB細胞の集団のゲノムを編集する方法であって、
(a)初代ヒトB細胞の集団を得る工程と、
(b)初代ヒトB細胞の前記集団を、1種以上の活性化剤及び1種以上のアポトーシス阻害剤を含む培地において培養する工程と、
(c)目的の遺伝子を挿入する又は欠失させることによって初代ヒトB細胞の前記集団をゲノム的に改変して、ゲノム編集されたB細胞の集団を作製する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 相同組換え修復(HDR)テンプレートを用いて細胞をトランスフェクトする工程を更に含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- ゲノム的改変がヌクレアーゼを用いて行われる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- ヌクレアーゼがCRISPRヌクレアーゼ、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ、又は転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- CRISPRヌクレアーゼが、Casヌクレアーゼ、Cpf1ヌクレアーゼ、Cmrヌクレアーゼ、Csfヌクレアーゼ、Csmヌクレアーゼ、Csnヌクレアーゼ、Csyヌクレアーゼ、C2c1ヌクレアーゼ、C2c3ヌクレアーゼ、又はC2c3ヌクレアーゼである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- ゲノム的改変が、Cas9タンパク質、及びその配列が目的の遺伝子に特異的であるsgRNAを用いてB細胞の集団をトランスフェクトすることにより行われる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が免疫グロブリン遺伝子座位である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 活性化剤がサイトカインである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- サイトカインがIL-4である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- B細胞をCD40アゴニストと共に培養する工程を更に含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- CD40アゴニストがCD40Lである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- アポトーシス阻害剤がカスパーゼ阻害剤である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- カスパーゼ阻害剤がQ-VD-OPHである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- ゲノム編集されたB細胞の集団をサイトカインによって再活性化する工程を更に含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- サイトカインがIL-4である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- B細胞をCD40アゴニストと共に培養する工程を更に含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- CD40アゴニストがCD40Lである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 得られた初代ヒトB細胞の集団が、少なくとも1×106個のB細胞を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 請求項5に記載の方法によって作製されるゲノム編集されたB細胞の集団。
- 請求項23に記載のゲノム編集されたB細胞の集団を投与する工程を含む、対象を治療する方法。
- B細胞が、自家又は同種異系である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、抗原提示を増強するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、抗原提示を抑制するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、抗体の保持又は分泌に関連する配列を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、サイトカインをコードする遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、メモリーB細胞への分化を促進する遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、形質細胞への分化を促進する遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、B細胞のリンパ系器官への輸送を促進する遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 目的の遺伝子が、抗体を翻訳後修飾することができる酵素をコードする遺伝子を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
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JP2024071612A (ja) | 2024-05-24 |
CA2981077A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
US20160289637A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
AU2016243052C1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
EP4335918A3 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
CN109072193A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
AU2017246411B2 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
WO2017176806A9 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
EP3440195A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
US20180094243A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
EP4335918A2 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
AU2017246411A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
CA3019144A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
AU2016243052B2 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
ES2959608T3 (es) | 2024-02-27 |
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