JP2019218421A - Method of constructing coke oven - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method of constructing a coke oven, capable of highly accurately, quickly, and safely laying refractory bricks in constructing a coke oven using refractory bricks of various shapes, without relying on a large number of highly skilled workers.SOLUTION: A tug 1a having recorded position data specifying where each of large blocks 1 is to be laid and/or configuration data on the large block 1, is attached to the large block 1 itself or to a pallet 8 on which the large block 1 is to be placed, and the large block 1 having been placed on the pallet 8 by a highly functional crane 9 provided in a shed 3 and having been transported by a conveyor 7 disposed in a supply space 6 of a lean-to roof 4 is laid on a specified place in an oven construction site 2 according to the position data or the configuration data recorded in the tug 1a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for building a coke oven.

  In a coke oven furnace for producing coke for ironmaking, a coking chamber and a combustion chamber are alternately arranged in a furnace group length direction (furnace width direction). Represents a heat storage chamber. The part between the combustion chamber and the heat storage chamber is also called a bellows part. Sole flew is arranged in the lower part of the heat storage room. Usually, the dimensions of the carbonization chamber are about furnace height 4 to 7.5 m, furnace width 350 to 550 mm, and furnace length 13 to 17 m. The combustion chamber is composed of a row of combustion chamber flew arranged in the furnace length direction. The partition wall between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber, the partition wall between the combustion chamber flues, the furnace top, the bellows, the heat storage chamber, and the sole flue are all formed of a brick structure of refractory bricks. For example, a coke oven furnace having 64 carbonization chambers (hereinafter simply referred to as "coke oven") is configured using a total of 2 million refractory bricks.

Existing coke ovens are now aging nationwide after an operation period of 20 to 30 years, and the need to construct a new coke oven is imminent.
Conventionally, coke ovens have been constructed by furnace builders manually refractory bricks. In manual construction, it is necessary to repeatedly apply mortar to each of the refractory bricks with a trowel and pile up the mortar. Furthermore, each refractory brick used in a coke oven weighs more than ten kilograms, and the work of stacking the refractory bricks is extremely hard work.
Further, the coke oven requires a complicated combination of various types of refractory bricks of various shapes and sizes, and the installation accuracy must be kept within ± 2 mm. For that purpose, a large number of skilled furnace builder is required, but the skilled furnace builder is aging and it is becoming difficult to secure a large number of skilled furnace builder.

In order to reduce the number of required furnace-building workers by shortening the construction period in such a situation, a plurality of refractory bricks are piled up to a predetermined size in advance in a wide area that is easy to work away from the furnace-building site. 2. Description of the Related Art A prefabricated construction method is known in which a large block is integrated with a mortar, and the large block is assembled at a furnace construction site and a coke oven is stacked (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
Also, in order to make the refractory bricks large blocks, a precast method is also known, in which water is added to a granular refractory composition, kneaded, poured into a mold, and dried to form a large block of refractories. (Patent Document 4).
In the prefabricated method or precast method, the number of blocks to be stacked at the furnace construction site is reduced due to the fact that each refractory block has become a large block, and the work at the narrow furnace construction site is shortened It is said that the work efficiency is good and the furnace construction period is shortened. In particular, the pre-casting method has good work efficiency because the number of blocks to be stacked is reduced.

In general coke oven construction, a certain amount of bricks of the same shape are transported to the furnace construction site in packed pallets (about 1 ton) and unpacked at the furnace construction site (manpower) → arrangement (manpower) → construction (Manpower). Since the bricks to be handled are lightweight, it is possible for humans to respond in a short time even when a problem occurs at the site (brick breakage, misalignment, etc.).
On the other hand, in the precast method, unlike the lightweight bricks that can be piled up by hand and used in general coke oven construction, the precast large block is a heavy object with a maximum of 1 ton or more and cannot be handled by humans. Since it is possible, a device dedicated to the transfer and transportation of a crane and the like and the furnace construction without manual operation is required. The precast large blocks are also handled one by one on a rug called a pallet.

  As a furnace-building method that does not rely on humans, Patent Literature 5 describes that a fixed refractory is stacked by a robot using a stacking position grasping system (an image sensor and a distance sensor).

JP-A-2005-08300 JP-A-2006-223647 JP-A-2006-222758 JP 2016-210643 A JP 2017-14448 A

  In the precast method, it is important to build a "predetermined precast large block to the specified site without fail" and it is required to manage this.

  The method of Patent Literature 5 automatically measures a stacking position and stacks refractory bricks at a target position based on the measured value. However, in this method, it takes time for automatic measurement and the like, and the measurement accuracy of the image sensor and the distance sensor becomes a problem. In addition, if a dedicated device for a large block is used, such handling is possible, but development and operation of the dedicated device have problems in terms of time and cost.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention is a furnace for building coke ovens using refractory bricks of various shapes, the refractory bricks, without relying on furnace construction engineers having a large number of advanced skills, high Provided is a method of building a coke oven which can be stowed with high accuracy at high speed and safely.

The gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
[1] A method of building a coke oven in which a large block of refractory of 20 kg or more is piled,
A temporary shed is provided on the coke oven site,
The shed is provided with a high-performance crane that transfers the large block and loads it at a predetermined location on the furnace construction site,
A temporary shed is provided at a location adjacent to the coke oven site,
The lower building is provided with a supply space for the large block,
In the supply space, a conveyor for transferring the large block transferred to the supply space in a furnace construction site direction is provided,
The floor surface of the supply space is provided so that the height of the conveyor is higher than the maximum height of brickwork after the coke oven,
Transfer of the large block toward the furnace construction site is performed by placing it on a pallet with the conveyor,
The position data at which each large block is to be constructed and / or the tag in which the shape data of the large block is recorded are given to the large block itself or the pallet on which the large block is placed,
The record of the tag is read and sent to the intelligent crane,
The high-function crane transfers the large block placed on the pallet based on the record and loads the large block at a predetermined location on a furnace-building site.

[2] The transfer of the large block by the high-performance crane is performed automatically, and the loading of the transferred large block is performed automatically by the high-performance crane, by remote control operation of the high-performance crane, or manually. The method for constructing a coke oven according to [1], wherein the method is carried out with the addition.
[3] The high-performance crane is a club trolley overhead crane, and has a length L1 (m) from the upper end of the suspension beam of the club trolley overhead crane to the center of gravity of the total load of the hanging tool and the large block. The relationship between the length L (m) from the center of the hanging wire holding portion of the club trolley type overhead traveling crane to the upper end of the hanging beam satisfies the following expression (1) is to transfer and stack large blocks. The method for constructing a coke oven according to [1] or [2].
L1 (m) ≦ L (m) × 0.1 + 1.0 Equation (1)

According to the present invention, there are the following excellent effects.
Since the loading is performed by a high-performance crane, the required number of highly skilled furnace builders with high skills can be reduced, and the furnace can be built by general skilled workers such as crane operators (easy to secure construction personnel).
By making the refractory bricks large blocks, the number of bricks to be stacked is greatly reduced from 2 million to 2 to 50,000 large blocks, so that the construction period can be shortened.
The position information to be constructed of the large block and / or the record of the tag on which the shape information of the large block is recorded are read and stacked at a predetermined position, so that the position information to be stacked can be obtained quickly and accurately, and quickly and accurately. Can be well packed.
The safety is improved because it is loaded by a high-performance crane without manual operation. In this context, "independently of humans" refers to unmanned loading using a fully automatic crane, and fine-tuning when the basic movement is performed by a crane and finally loaded at a predetermined position. Is performed manually (by operating the remote control of the crane or by hand).

It is a conceptual diagram explaining the flow of a large block and the flow of recorded data in the process of stacking a large block at a predetermined position. It is a perspective view explaining the process of stacking a large block in a predetermined position. It is the figure which showed the high function crane which has a tong type | mold hanging tool. (A) It is the figure seen from furnace width direction X. (B) It is the figure seen from furnace length direction Y. It is the figure which showed the high function crane which has the hanging tool of the wire hanging pin system. (A) It is the figure seen from furnace width direction X. (B) It is the figure seen from furnace length direction Y. It is the figure which showed the high function crane which has a leveling device. (A) It is the figure seen from furnace width direction X. (B) It is the figure seen from furnace length direction Y.

  The present invention is based on the premise that it is an invention for stacking large blocks. The present invention envisages a decrease in the construction technology of the furnace builder and a decrease in the number of the furnace builder (including a situation where it is difficult to secure personnel due to duplication of construction). In other words, the purpose is to enable brickworking of coke ovens by general technicians (eg, general mechanics, general blast furnaces) without using high-technical furnaces for general coke oven construction. I have.

  The large block refers to a refractory block in which one unit weighs 20 kg or more. More preferably, one unit is a large block of 30 kg or more, more preferably 80 kg or more. The large block is preferably made by directly manufacturing a large block of a large refractory by a precast method. The reason is that small refractory bricks, such as the prefabricated construction method, need to be packed with a high-performance crane. Because there is. The large block is preferably made of fused silica having a small coefficient of thermal expansion by a precast method.

  In this way, by making one unit into a large block, about 2 million bricks are used for general coke oven construction, but in the present invention, about 20 to 50,000 large blocks may be used, The handling quantity can be greatly reduced to 1/40. As a result, it is possible to ensure the securing of construction personnel (general skilled workers), reduce the construction cost (reduction in construction unit price), and shorten the construction period (reduction in the number of construction handling).

  A method of building a coke oven according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  A temporary shed 3 that covers the whole of the coke oven site 2 is provided on the coke oven site 2 for construction. A temporary shed 4 is provided next to the shed 3 so as to be adjacent to the furnace construction site 2. The lower house 4 has a three-story structure. The first floor (1F) is provided with a storage space 5 for accumulating the large blocks 1, and the second floor (2F) is provided with a mortar kneading place and a material and equipment storage area. On the third floor (3F), a supply space 6 for the large block 1 is provided, and in the supply space 6, a conveyor 7 for transfer is installed. When placing the large block 1 on the conveyor 7, the large block 1 is transferred while being placed on the pallet 8. A high-performance crane 9 for transferring the large block 1 to a predetermined position on the furnace construction site 2 and stacking the large block 1 is provided in the shed 3. Further, the large block 1 or the pallet 8 is provided with a tag 1a in which position data for constructing each large block 1 and / or shape data of the large block 1 is recorded. Recording may be performed by any method such as printing on paper, magnetic recording, and an IC chip. FIG. 1 illustrates a case where a tag 1a is added to the large block 1 as an example.

  The flow of the large block 1 and data (position data for constructing the large block 1 and / or shape data of the large block 1) will be described. The flow 100 of the large block 1 is indicated by a thick arrow, and the data flow 101 is indicated by a thin arrow. The large block 1 manufactured in a factory (not shown) is transferred by a truck or the like, and is once transferred to a storage area 10 (warehouse) and stored. Then, when stacking the large blocks 1 as necessary, they are put together in the preparation area 11 and transferred to the storage area 5. In the storage space 5, the order in which the large blocks 1 are transferred to the supply space 6 is adjusted in accordance with the shape, size, etc. of the large blocks 1 in order to set the order in which they are stacked. The work for setting the stacking order to a predetermined order may be performed in the preparation area 11. In that case, after that, it is only necessary to prevent the transfer to the storage place 5 from moving back and forth.

  It is lifted up from the storage place 5 to the supply space 6 by a crane, an elevator or the like and transferred. The transported large block 1 is placed on a pallet 8 on a conveyor 7 and transported so as to be transported in a stacking order. A tag 1a on which position data to be constructed of each large block 1 and / or one shape data of the large block 1 is recorded is attached to the large block 1 itself or a pallet 8 on which the large block 1 is placed. ing. The data recorded in the tag 1a is read by the data terminal 12 provided in the supply space 6. Then, the read data is sent to the high-performance crane 9. The high-performance crane 9 loads the large block 1 at a predetermined location based on the transmitted data. As shown in FIG. 1, if the tag 1 a is already attached to the large block 1 itself before being transferred to the storage area 10, the data terminal 12 is provided in the storage area 10 and the storage 5, The entire flow from production of 1 to loading may be managed.

  In the present invention, when the large blocks 1 (up to 1 ton or more) are stacked, they are stacked using the high-performance crane 9 as described above. The high-performance crane 9 according to the present invention is a crane that can freely transfer the large block 1 in all three directions of the furnace width direction X, the furnace length direction Y, and the furnace height direction Z. The high-function crane 9 has a loading position setting control function at an absolute address (predetermined coordinates) and a leveling function, so that the accuracy of loading the large blocks 1 is ensured and the safety is ensured without human loading. You can also enjoy. That is, the predetermined coordinates x, y, and z are pre-registered in the system, can be transferred at the shortest distance, and the operator can perform an operation only to start work execution. In addition, a touch stop control function is provided, so that a forced touch stop operation (using a hand key, etc.) of the large block 1 by hand intervention becomes unnecessary, and the time until the start of stacking (unwinding) can be shortened.

  As the hanging tool 9a of the high-function crane 9, a known one can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a large block 1 may be held (held) by a tong-shaped hanging tool 9a, transferred, and stacked. As shown in FIG. 4, the large block 1 may be transported and stacked while being held by a wire hanging pin type hanging tool 9a. 3 and 4, illustration of a leveling device having a leveling function is omitted. The leveling device 9e can be provided, for example, between the hanging beam 9b and the hanging tool 9a as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5A, when the moving unit 9ea of the leveling device 9e slides in the furnace length direction Y, the weight of the moving unit 9ec adjusts the inclination of the suspension beam 9b, and the suspended load 9ec. Can be made horizontal. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), when the moving part 9ea of the leveling device 9e slides in the furnace width direction X, the center of gravity of the suspension beam 9b is adjusted by moving the weight of the moving part 9ec. The large block 1 as a suspended load can be made horizontal.

  The floor of the supply space 6 is provided so that the height of the conveyor 7 is higher than the maximum height of brickwork after the coke oven is built. In the coke oven building, the position where the large blocks 1 are initially stacked is a low position, but as the furnace construction proceeds, the position where the large blocks 1 are stacked increases. It is conceivable to raise the height of the conveyor 7 as the furnace construction progresses. However, rather than keeping the height from the storage place 5 constant, the height of the high-performance crane 9 in the Z direction is increased. Transfer efficiency is better if the mounting position is raised.

  In the present invention, the tag 1a on which the position data to be constructed of each large block 1 and / or one shape data of the large block 1 is recorded is placed on the large block 1 itself or the large block 1 thereof. Pallet 8 is provided. Then, based on the recorded data of the tag 1a, the high-performance crane 9 loads the large block 1 at a predetermined position.

  Conventionally, when one unit is small (hereinafter, referred to as “small block” because it is not the large block 1), there are many joints that absorb a dimensional error between small blocks due to a manufacturing error of the small block itself. It was possible to respond by combining small blocks and changing the order. In addition, since there are many small blocks having the same shape, it is easy to select an alternative small block. For this reason, when stacking small blocks, arrangement management was performed manually.

  However, in the present invention, since the furnace was built with the large block 1, the joints were relatively small. As a result, the joint position and the dimensional accuracy of the main body of the large block 1 are required, and it is difficult to stack each large block 1 in a position and order other than those determined in the initial design. . In addition, if the wrong large block 1 is transferred to the site once and is incorrect, the replacement of the large block 1 cannot be easily supplied because the total number of the large blocks 1 is small. In addition, the large block 1 limits the number that can be stocked at the site (supply space 6).

  Therefore, in the present invention, the large block 1 is managed by the tag 1a. Specifically, the position data to be constructed of the large block 1 and / or the shape data of the large block 1 are recorded in the tag 1a, and the data recorded in the tag 1a is read. Stow one. As a method of recording on the tag 1a, if the recording medium is paper, a two-dimensional code such as QR code (registered trademark), a bar code, or the like may be used.

If the large blocks 1 are stacked based on the data of the tag 1a, the large blocks 1 can be accurately managed. it can. As a result, the construction period can be shortened. Also, by feeding back the information of the tag 1a during the operation of the high-performance crane 9, the X, Y, and Z positions of the large blocks 1 during the loading operation can be accurately managed and controlled.
It is preferable that the management of the large block 1 by the tag 1a is performed immediately after the large block 1 is manufactured. Then, the data is read by the data terminal 12 provided in any one of the factory, the storage area 10, the preparation area 11, the storage place 5, and the supply space 6, and it is checked whether there is an error in the place to be stacked and the order. The confirmation may be automatically verified by a computer. This is more preferable because the large block 1 can be integratedly controlled in the flow of a factory (manufacturing), a warehouse (storage), a physical distribution (transport), and a site (construction).

  The transfer and stacking of the large blocks 1 by the high-performance crane 9 may be performed by remote control operation of the high-performance crane 9, but is preferably performed automatically by a program. The transfer of the large blocks 1 may be automatically performed by the high-performance crane 9 and may be performed by remote control operation of the high-performance crane 9 or by hand. If the stacking is performed by remote control operation of the high-performance crane 9 or by hand, the stacking accuracy can be more reliably ensured.

Also, the large block 1 is difficult to handle when transported because of the heavy load. In order to shorten the construction period, which is the maximum effect of the large block, it is preferable to increase the transfer speed. Since a coke oven with a height of about 15 m is built from below, it is important to prevent steadying at the stacking position and to reduce the need for manual (unsafe work) in the stacking. For this purpose, when the large block 1 is transferred or loaded, the center of gravity 9aG of the total load of the hanging tool of the high-function crane 9 in a state where the large block 1 is suspended and the large block is controlled. 1 is leveled to prevent residual run-out at a predetermined position for stacking. Here, the center of gravity 9aG of the total load of the hanging tool and the large block is the one included in the length from the upper end of the hanging beam 9b to the lower end of the large block 1 in a state where the large block 1 is suspended. It is the total load and means the center of gravity of the total load.
In order to control the residual run-out (to keep the residual run-out at the position of the hanging beam 9b within ± 50 mm), a high-performance crane is a club trolley type overhead traveling crane. L1 (unit: m) up to the center of gravity 9aG of the total load of the load and the large block 1, and the length L from the center of the suspension wire holding portion 9ca of the club 9c of the high-performance crane 9 to the upper end of the suspension beam 9b. It is preferable that the relationship (unit: m) satisfies the following expression (1).
L1 (m) ≦ L (m) × 0.1 + 1.0 Equation (1)

  By stacking about 20,000 large blocks 1, 50 coke ovens were built. The coke oven of 50 kilns was built by ten teams, ten by five. Each one team loaded the large block 1 transferred to the supply space 6 into a predetermined place using one conveyor 7 and one high-performance crane 9 for each team.

The actual flow of the large block 1 handled by one team building five kilns will be described with reference to FIG.
In the supply space 6, a conveyor operator 13 and a shed man 14 are arranged. The large block 1 transferred to the supply space 6 is transferred while being placed on the pallet 8 spread on the conveyor 7. In this case, about 10 large blocks 1 can be stocked in the supply space 6 used by one team. The shed man 14 makes the data terminal 12 read the tag 1a, confirms that the large block 1 is supplied in a predetermined order, and transfers the large block 1 to the PB0 point where the large block 1 is slung on the high-performance crane 9 and transferred. Let it.
The shed man 14 slings the large block 1 at the point PB0. At this time, the suspension beam 9b of the high-performance crane 9 is at the PC0 point corresponding to the PB0 point, although not shown. When the slinging is completed, the large block 1 is lifted to the point PB1 by raising the hanging beam 9b of the high-function crane 9 from the point PC0 to the point PC1. Then, the shed man 14 automatically moves the high-function crane 9 from one point of PC to two points of edge PC of the supply space 6 (shed 4). At two PCs, the operation of the high-function crane 9 is changed from the underman 14 to the remote control of the telecon man 15 at the site height of the furnace construction site 2 (the height of the hearth 20 in FIG. 2). . It is visually observed that the man 14 is arranged in the supply space 6 of the car 4 and the tele-comman 15 is arranged at the height of the furnace construction site 2 and the high-performance crane 9 is operated while each is handed over. This is because the operation can be performed while checking the movement.

  The telecomman 15 is moved from the PC 2 point to the PC 3 point inside the furnace from the backstay 21 by remote control, and lowers the suspension beam 9b of the high-performance crane 9 from the PC 2 point to the PC 4 point. The reason why the high-function crane 9 and the large block 1 suspended from the three PCs are dropped immediately to the four PCs is to prevent the large block 1 from being moved for a long distance in a high place for safety. Further, the tele-comman 15 moves the high-functional crane 9 to five fixed positions PC above a predetermined location where the large block 1 is to be stacked. The movement from the PC 1 point to the PC 5 point is performed by automatic control that only executes a movement start command issued by the shed man 14 or the telecon man 15. When the high-functional crane 9 arrives at the five PCs based on the information in the tag 1a of the large block 1 in advance, a signal indicating the completion of the loading is transmitted from the high-functional crane 9 to predetermined sections, and the large block 1 is loaded. It is assumed that the termination has been confirmed.

From the five PCs, the positions are finely adjusted manually (manually) to the six PCs and the seven PCs, and the large block 1 is stacked in a predetermined place previously coated with mortar. The mortar can be machined in place. The manual fine adjustment and the stacking are performed by the tele-conman 15 or a stacking worker (not shown) waiting around seven PCs.
When the stacking of the large blocks 1 is completed, the high-function crane 9 is manually moved to eight PCs. After that, the tele-comman 15 returns the high-function crane 9 with eight PCs to the two PCs after nine points of PC, and hands over the operation of the high-function crane 9 to the lower man 14, and thereafter, the same procedure is repeated. The movement from the PC 8 point to the PC 1 point is performed by an automatic control that only executes a movement start command issued by the shelter man 14 or the telecon man 15.

  By constructing the furnace in this way, the construction period could be significantly reduced from 2.5 months to 3 months instead of 6 months conventionally required for completion.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in the coke oven construction, since it is possible to construct the furnace with high accuracy and at high speed and safely without relying on a large number of advanced construction engineers, the construction period is shortened and the cost is reduced. Can be.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Large block 1a ... Tag 2 ... Furnace construction site 3 ... Shed 4 ... Shed 5 ... Storage space 6 ... Supply space 7 ... Conveyor 8 ... Pallet 9 ... High-performance crane 9a ... Hanging tool 9aG ... Hanging tool and large block 9b ... hanging beam 9c ... club 9ca ... hanging wire holding part 9d ... crane garter 9e ... leveling device 9ea ... moving part 10 ... storage area 11 ... preparation area 12 ... data terminal 13 ... conveyor operator 14 ... Shitaya man 15 ... Telecon man 20 ... Heat floor 21 ... Backstay 22 ... Retaining wall 23 ... Extruder side platform 100 ... Large block flow 101 ... Data flow X ... Furnace width direction Y ... Furnace length direction Z ... Furnace height direction

Claims (3)

A method of building a coke oven in which large blocks of refractories of 20 kg or more are stacked,
A temporary shed is provided on the coke oven site,
The shed is provided with a high-performance crane that transfers the large block and loads it at a predetermined location on the furnace construction site,
A temporary shed is provided at a location adjacent to the coke oven site,
The lower building is provided with a supply space for the large block,
In the supply space, a conveyor for transferring the large block transferred to the supply space in a furnace construction site direction is provided,
The floor surface of the supply space is provided so that the height of the conveyor is higher than the maximum height of brickwork after the coke oven,
Transfer of the large block toward the furnace construction site is performed by placing it on a pallet with the conveyor,
The position data at which each large block is to be constructed and / or the tag in which the shape data of the large block is recorded are given to the large block itself or the pallet on which the large block is placed,
The record of the tag is read and sent to the intelligent crane,
The high-function crane transfers the large block placed on the pallet based on the record and loads the large block at a predetermined location on a furnace-building site.   The transfer of the large blocks by the high-performance crane is performed automatically, and the loading of the transferred large blocks is performed automatically by the high-performance crane, by remote control of the high-performance crane, or by hand. The method for building a coke oven according to claim 1, wherein: The high-performance crane is a club trolley type overhead traveling crane, and a length L1 (m) from an upper end of a suspension beam of the club trolley type overhead traveling crane to a center of gravity of a total load of a lifting tool and a large block; The large blocks are transferred and stacked while the relationship of the length L (m) from the center of the suspension wire holding portion of the trolley type overhead traveling crane to the upper end of the suspension beam satisfies the following expression (1). The method for building a coke oven according to claim 1 or 2.
L1 (m) ≦ L (m) × 0.1 + 1.0 Equation (1)

Images