JP2019209282A - Steam blasting device and steam blasting system provided with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a steam blasting device and a steam blasting system provided with the same capable of producing pulverized biomass as a fuel in a high yield by efficiently pulverizing the biomass with small energy.SOLUTION: A steam blasting device includes: a control unit 48 where biomass is fed from a feeder 38 into a tube 34 passing an inlet valve 40, the inlet and an outlet valves 40, 42 are closed, the biomass is sealed in the tube 34, the biomass in the tube 34 is heated by steam in a shell 32, the inlet valve 40 is closed and the outlet valve 42 is opened after passing a holding time, the biomass in the tube 34 is blasted by steam at the same moisture content and the pulverized biomass is produced; a separation unit 50 being connected to the outlet side of the tube 34 and separating a solid residue and steam from the pulverized biomass produced in the tube 34; and a first circulation path 52 returning at least a part of steam separated by the separation unit 50 to the inlet side of the tube.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a steaming explosion apparatus and a steaming explosion system including the steam explosion apparatus.

  In Patent Document 1, organic waste is stored in a container, the waste is heated (steamed) with high-temperature and high-pressure steam, the pressure in the container is instantaneously released, and the heat adiabatic expansion energy is used. A steam explosion (steaming explosion) type waste treatment apparatus that crushes (explodes) solid components is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 uses a device in which a plurality of pressure-resistant containers are arranged in series and each container is connected by a valve, and after supplying the fibrous material to the first-stage container and steaming at high temperature and high pressure, A multi-stage blasting method is disclosed in which blasting is performed while gradually reducing the pressure in each container.

JP 2010-37536 A JP-A-63-105195

  When the biomass as a raw material is a so-called wet biomass containing a large amount of moisture (for example, 50 wt%), conventionally, dry biomass that has been dried until the moisture content of the biomass reaches about 10 wt% or less is pulverized to produce biomass fuel. Yes. In this case, since pretreatment equipment for drying biomass is required, energy consumption such as electric power for operating the dryer increases, and pretreatment equipment called a dryer is required.

  In addition, when the biomass is pulverized by steam explosion using a large amount of steam generated in the boiler as in the waste treatment apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the energy consumption required for pulverizing the biomass is reduced. Can do. However, in this steam explosion, since steam is steamed by mixing with biomass, a large amount of steam is generated after the steam explosion. If water vapor is released outside the apparatus after the blasting treatment, energy loss due to heat loss is generated, which may lead to a decrease in power generation efficiency of a thermal power plant or the like in which a boiler is provided.

  On the other hand, the steam explosion apparatus described in Patent Document 2 uses the water vapor generated in the first stage explosion in the next stage explosion by performing explosion in stages in each container. However, similarly to the case of Patent Document 1, after the blasting process is completed in each container, water vapor is released outside the apparatus, and an energy loss due to heat loss is generated. In addition, a large amount of steam generated from the explosion of each stage other than water and even condensed water are steamed again in the next-stage container.

  In addition, since the material is exploded in stages, even the material having a desired particle size is steamed and exploded again. Therefore, energy loss may increase as a result of re-cooking of steam and condensed water other than moisture and unnecessary re-cooking and re-explosion of the material having a desired particle size. Furthermore, the pulverized biomass may be altered by steam other than moisture and the combustion efficiency of the pulverized biomass may be deteriorated. Moreover, since a large number of containers are required for a single explosion process consisting of multiple stages of explosions, the cost of the apparatus increases.

  Furthermore, in any of Patent Documents 1 and 2, no special consideration is given to the handling of a solid residue for which a desired particle size cannot be obtained after the explosion treatment. Accordingly, there remains a problem with efficiently pulverizing biomass with low energy to produce finely pulverized biomass as a fuel in a high yield.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a subject, The place made into the objective is to produce | generate finely pulverized biomass as a fuel with a high yield by efficiently pulverizing biomass with little energy. An object of the present invention is to provide a steaming and blasting apparatus that can be used, and a steaming and blasting system including the same.

  In order to achieve the above object, a steam explosion apparatus of the present invention includes a shell to which steam is supplied, a tube disposed in the shell, a feeder connected to the inlet side of the tube and supplying biomass into the tube, The inlet valve installed on the inlet side of the tube, the outlet valve installed on the outlet side of the tube, the inlet valve is opened, the outlet valve is closed, and biomass is supplied from the feeder to the tube through the inlet valve. The inlet and outlet valves are closed, the biomass is sealed in the tube, the biomass in the tube is heated with the steam in the shell, and after the holding time has elapsed, the inlet valve is closed and the outlet valve is opened. A control unit for steam-blasting biomass with its moisture to produce pulverized biomass, and fine powder generated in the tube connected to the outlet side of the tube It comprises a separation unit for separating the solid residue and water vapor from the biomass, and a first circulation path at least a portion of the water vapor separated in the separation unit returning to the inlet side of the tube.

  On the other hand, the steaming explosion system of the present invention is a steaming explosion system including a plurality of the steaming explosion devices described above, and the first circulation path returns the water vapor separated by the separation unit to the inlet side of the tube of the different steaming explosion device.

  According to the steam blasting apparatus of the present invention and the steam blasting system including the steam blasting apparatus, the biomass can be efficiently pulverized with a small amount of energy to produce pulverized biomass as a fuel in a high yield.

It is a block diagram which shows the boiler apparatus provided with the steaming explosion apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the steaming explosion apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which looked at the shell of FIG. 2 from the arrow direction of the AA cross section of FIG. It is the flowchart explaining the explosion control which the control unit of FIG. 2 performs. It is a block diagram which shows the steaming explosion apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the flowchart explaining the explosion control which the control unit of FIG. 5 performs. It is a block diagram which shows the steaming explosion system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows another form of the steaming explosion system which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the form in which the steaming explosion apparatus of FIG. 1 or FIG. 5 is provided with a receiving tank.

Hereinafter, a steaming / explosion apparatus of the present invention and a steaming / explosion system including the same will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a boiler apparatus 1 equipped with a steaming explosion apparatus. The boiler device 1 includes a coal-fired boiler 2 and is installed in a thermal power plant or the like. The coal fired boiler 2 is, for example, a pulverized coal fired boiler (PC boiler: Pulverized Coal boiler), and includes a furnace 2a, a superheater 2b as a rear heat transfer section, a reheater 2c, and a charcoal saving section 2d. Yes. In the flue gas treatment flue 3 from the charcoal saving part 2d to the chimney P, a denitration part 4, an air heater 5, a dust collector 6, an induction fan 7, a heat exchanger 8, a desulfurization part 9, and a push-in fan 10 are sequentially arranged. Has been.

  The air heater 5 warms the external air introduced by the pushing fan 11 with the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the denitration unit 4, and sends it as combustion air to the burner unit 2 e of the coal burning boiler 2. The heat exchanger 8 exchanges heat between the exhaust gas that has been guided by the induction fan 7 and passed through the dust collector 6, and the exhaust gas that has been introduced by the pushing fan 10 and passed through the desulfurization unit 9. The exhaust gas that has passed through the heat exchanger 8 is discharged from the chimney P.

  The coal-fired boiler 2 is supplied with pulverized coal fuel obtained by pulverizing coal C with a mechanical mill (pulverizer) 20. This pulverized coal fuel is introduced into the furnace 2a of the coal-fired boiler 2 through the burner portion 2e together with the combustion air introduced by the pushing fan 11 and burned.

  Steam generated by the combustion of pulverized coal fuel in the coal-fired boiler 2 of the boiler device 1 is sent from the superheater 2b through the pipe 21 to the high-pressure turbine 22 to rotate the high-pressure turbine 22. The steam provided for work of the high-pressure turbine 22 is returned to the reheater 2c through the pipe 23 and heated again. The steam that has been heated again is sent to the intermediate / low pressure turbine 25 through the pipe 24, supplied to the work of the intermediate / low pressure turbine 25, and then through the pipe 26 and the condenser 27, the coal fired boiler 2. Returned to

  Moreover, the boiler apparatus 1 is provided with the steaming explosion apparatus 30 which pulverizes the biomass B which is a raw material by steam explosion, and produces the pulverized biomass as biomass fuel. Biomass B is a solid fuel made of woody biomass, for example, but is a wet biomass having a water content of about 30 wt% to 60 wt%. Furthermore, the steaming / explosion apparatus 30 includes a separation unit 50 that separates solid residue and water vapor from the generated pulverized biomass.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the steaming and explosive device 30 according to the first embodiment. The steam explosion device 30 is disposed on the upper side of the heat exchanging unit 36, a heat exchange unit 36 having a shell and tube structure having a shell 32 to which water vapor is supplied, and a plurality of tubes 34 disposed in the shell 32. A feeder 38 connected to the inlet side of the tube 34 and capable of supplying biomass B into each tube 34 and a separation unit 50 described later are provided.

  The feeder 38 includes a hopper 38 a into which the biomass B is charged, and a conveyance path 38 b that conveys the biomass B that has flowed down from the hopper 38 a by its own weight toward the inlet of each tube 34. Moreover, the conveyance path 47 connected to the furnace 2a is provided in the lower part of the steaming explosion apparatus 30.

  The shell 32 is a sealed container formed of a cylindrical body portion 32a, and an upper wall 32b and a lower wall 32c that seal the top and bottom of the body portion 32a. The body portion 32a is formed with a water vapor inlet portion 32d and an outlet portion 32e. For example, the inlet portion 32d is positioned near the upper wall 32b of the trunk portion 32a, and the outlet portion 32e is positioned near the lower wall 32c of the trunk portion 32a. A branch pipe 28 branched from the pipe 23 is connected to the inlet portion 32d.

  A part of the steam (reheated steam) of 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. that is returned to the reheater 2c of the coal fired boiler 2 after rotating the high-pressure turbine 22 is supplied to the shell 32 from the inlet 32d through the branch pipe 28. Is done. A junction pipe 29 that joins the pipe 23 is connected to the outlet 32e downstream of the branch point of the branch pipe 28 in the pipe 23. Water vapor that flows through the shell 32 and is used for heating the biomass B supplied into each tube 34 and then into a specific tube 34 to be described later is returned to the pipe 23 via the junction pipe 29 and reused in the coal-fired boiler 2. Is done. That is, steam generated in the coal-fired boiler 2 is circulated in the shell 32.

  Each tube 34 is disposed in the shell 32, and each tube 34 is extended from the upper and lower walls 32 b and 32 c of the shell 32 so as to protrude vertically while maintaining the airtightness in the shell 32. In addition, an inlet valve 40 and an outlet valve 42 are provided for each tube 34 at a portion of each tube 34 protruding vertically from the shell 32.

  Specifically, the inlet valve 40 is interposed on each tube 34 protruding from the upper wall 32 b of the shell 32 on the upper side of the shell 32. Further, the outlet valve 42 is interposed on each tube 34 protruding from the lower wall 32 c of the shell 32 on the lower side of the shell 32. The inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42 are, for example, gate valves (gate valves) or butterfly valves, and solids such as wood chips flow smoothly and instantaneously without being caught during the opening operation, and are not clogged during the closing operation. It has a plate-like valve element that can reliably block the flow path.

  Each tube 34 has an upper inclined pipe portion 34 a that is inclined toward the radial center of the body portion 32 a of the shell 32 above the inlet valve 40. Each tube 34 has a lower inclined pipe portion 34 b that is inclined toward the radial center of the trunk portion 32 a of the shell 32 below the outlet valve 42.

  A branch pipe (branch path) 44 is provided between each upper inclined pipe portion 34 a of each tube 34 and the transport path 38 b of the feeder 38. The branch pipe 44 is connected to an inlet of each tube 34 formed at the upper end of each upper inclined pipe portion 34a. That is, each tube 34 is configured to be able to communicate with the hopper 38a via the branch pipe 44, each inlet valve 40, and the conveyance path 38b.

  On the other hand, a merging pipe (merging channel) 46 is provided between the lower inclined pipe portion 34b of each tube 34 and the conveying path 47 leading to the furnace 2a. The junction pipe 46 is connected to the outlet of each tube 34 formed at the lower end of the lower inclined pipe portion 34b. That is, each tube 34 is configured to be able to communicate with the furnace 2 a via each outlet valve 42, the junction pipe 46, and the transport path 47.

  The inclination angle of each of the upper and lower inclined pipe portions 34a and 34b with respect to the vertical direction is the largest angle of each tube 34 located in the vicinity of the body portion 32a of the shell 32, and the diameter of the body portion 32a of the shell 32 is the largest. The angle of each tube 34 located at the center in the direction is the smallest.

  The inclination angles of the upper and lower inclined pipe portions 34a and 34b are set such that the biomass B supplied from the feeder 38 side to each tube 34 and the biomass B sent from each tube 34 to the furnace 2a side are smooth under its own weight. It is set to an angle that allows it to flow down. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the biomass B supplied from the feeder 38 is filled in the branch pipe 44 and each upper inclined pipe portion 34a with a high filling rate, and is blocked by each inlet valve 40 that is closed. .

  By opening each inlet valve 40, the biomass B is supplied to each tube 34 in the shell 32 without being clogged by the branch pipe 44 and each upper inclined pipe portion 34a. The inlet and outlet valves 40, 42 are electrically connected to the control unit 48 of the steaming / explosion device 30. By opening and closing the inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42 based on a signal from the control unit 48, explosion control for controlling steam explosion performed by the steam explosion apparatus 30 is executed.

  3 is a cross-sectional view of the shell 32 as seen from the direction of the arrow of the AA cross section of FIG. In the shell 32, for example, 24 tubes 34 are spaced apart. In addition, 24 inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42 are provided corresponding to the respective tubes 34. The 24 tubes 34 are constituted by, for example, four first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D surrounded by broken lines, and the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D are constituted by six tubes 34, respectively. ing.

  The 24 inlet valves 40 are composed of four first to fourth inlet valve groups corresponding to the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D, and each of the first to fourth inlet valve groups is six. It is comprised from the inlet valve 40 of this. Similarly to the inlet valve 40, the 24 outlet valves 42 include four first to fourth outlet valve groups corresponding to the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D, and the first to fourth outlets. Each valve group includes six outlet valves 42.

  Hereinafter, the explosion control executed by the control unit 48 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, when the control unit 48 starts the explosion control, in step S1, first, in order to perform explosion in the first tube group 34A (when n = 1 in the nth group), each inlet valve 40 of the first inlet valve group. Is opened and each outlet valve 42 of the first outlet valve group is closed. Thereby, the biomass B that has been dammed up by each inlet valve 40 of the first inlet valve group is supplied into each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A, and the biomass B in the tube 34 has a preset filling rate. It is filled until it becomes.

  Next, in step S <b> 2, each inlet valve 40 of the first inlet valve group is closed, and the biomass B filled in each tube 34 of the first tube group 34 </ b> A is sealed in each tube 34. As described above, this biomass B is wet biomass having a moisture content of about 30 wt% to 60 wt%.

  Then, the biomass B in each tube 34 is indirectly heated by the steam supplied from the boiler device 1 into the shell 32 and circulating through the shell 32 through each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A. That is, the steam generated in the boiler device 1 is supplied to the shell 32 as a heating source of each tube 34, is not supplied into each tube 34, and does not contact the biomass B.

  Since each tube 34 is heated by the heat of the steam circulating in the shell 32, the moisture content of the biomass B held in a sealed state in each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A gradually evaporates. Thereby, each tube 34 of the first tube group 34 </ b> A is filled with steam and pressurized, and steam based on the moisture contained in the biomass B is used for steam explosion of the biomass B.

  The conditions for steam explosion in the tube 34 vary depending on the inner diameter, length, material, thickness, etc. of the tube 34, but the cooking temperature is, for example, about 200 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the holding time (sealing time) t is, for example, 10 minutes to 30. The steaming pressure (sealing pressure) is about 1.6 MPa to 4.0 MPa. In addition, the steaming / explosion apparatus 30 can generate pulverized biomass of about 1 ton / hour when the outer diameter of each tube 34 is about 100 mm and the tube length is about 8 m, for example.

Further, if the holding time t is too long, decomposition proceeds from pulverization of the biomass during explosion, and conversely the combustion efficiency deteriorates. Therefore, the holding time t is set to an appropriate time within the above range.
Thus, the biomass B is indirectly heated in a sealed state through the tube 34 by the steam circulated in the shell 32, and the biomass B is cooked in the tube 34 with the moisture contained in the biomass B.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not the holding time t after shifting from step S2 has elapsed. If the determination result is Yes (true), it is determined that steaming that allows suitable steam explosion is performed in each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A, and the process proceeds to step S4. On the other hand, when the determination result is No (false), it is determined that steaming capable of steam explosion is not sufficiently performed in each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A, and the process stays in step S3 and waits. .

  Next, in step S4, each outlet valve 42 of the first outlet valve group is opened. As a result, the pressure in each tube 34 of the first tube group 34A is instantaneously released, rapid decompression in each tube 34 is performed, and the biomass fuel pulverized by steam explosion is supplied to each of the first outlet valve groups. It is generated by being ejected from the outlet valve 42.

  Next, in step S <b> 5, a separation process of the generated pulverized biomass fuel is performed in the separation unit 50. Details of the separation step will be described later. The pulverized biomass fuel that has passed through the separation step is introduced into the furnace 2a of the coal-fired boiler 2 through the burner section 2e together with the combustion air introduced by the pushing fan 11, and is combusted together with the pulverized coal fuel that has been pulverized by the mill 20. The

  Next, in step S6, in addition to the above-described explosion in the first tube group 34A (in the case of n = 1) in order to sequentially generate pulverized biomass in the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D, It is determined whether or not the blasting (in the case of n = 2, n = 3, n = 4) and separation processes in the second to fourth tube groups 34B to 34D are all completed.

  When the determination result is Yes (true), it is determined that the blasting and separation processes in the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D are all completed, and the series of blasting control is finished. On the other hand, if the determination result is No (false), the process returns to step S1, and steps S1 to S5 are executed again to sequentially perform the explosion in the second to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D that have not been completed. Do it.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the separation unit 50 is provided in the transport path 47, in other words, connected to the outlet side of each tube 34. For example, the separation unit 50 is configured by combining a centrifuge, a mesh, a suction pipe, and the like (not shown), and extracts and separates only water vapor, which is water-derived steam, from pulverized biomass generated by explosion control. It has a separation function. If the generated micronized biomass contains steam other than moisture or condensed water, these are not extracted.

  Further, the separation unit 50 classifies and separates solid residue having a particle size of about 2.0 mm or more and having a particle size of about 5.0 mm from the pulverized biomass generated by the explosion control. It also has a function. Other than the solid residue, that is, pulverized biomass having a particle diameter of, for example, less than 2.0 mm, is charged as fuel into the furnace 2a.

  One end of each of the first circulation path 52 and the second circulation path 54 is connected to the separation unit 50. The first circulation path 52 is a pipe, and the other end is branched and connected to each tube 34 protruding from the upper wall 32b of the shell 32, and in the vicinity of each tube 34 of the branched first circulation path 52. Each is provided with an open / close valve 56. The drive unit of the separation unit 50 and each open / close valve 56 is electrically connected to the control unit 48.

  The control unit 48 activates the separation unit 50 and opens each open / close valve 56 in the separation step of step S5 in the explosion control. Thereby, at least a part (for example, about 50%) of the water vapor separated from the produced pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 is returned to the inlet side of each tube 34 through the first circulation path 52. In addition, as long as it is the exterior side of the shell 32 and the inlet side of each tube 34, you may return water vapor | steam to the location other than the location shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, the second circulation path 54 is a pipe extending to the upper side of the feeder 38. For example, a screw conveyor 60 is disposed in the second circulation path 54, and the screw conveyor 60 conveys the solid residue separated by the separation unit 50 toward the feeder 38. The drive unit of the screw conveyor 60 is electrically connected to the control unit 48. The solid residue transport means may be other than the screw conveyor 60.

  And control unit 48 starts separation unit 50 and screw conveyor 60 in the separation process of Step S5 in explosion control. As a result, at least a part (preferably about 90% to 100%) of the solid residue separated from the produced pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 is on the inlet side of each tube 34 via the second circulation path 54. Returned to the feeder 38. Note that the solid residue may be returned to a place other than the feeder 38 as long as it is outside the shell 32 and on the inlet side of each tube 34.

  The separation step of step S5 is performed each time after the pulverized biomass is sequentially generated step by step in the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D. Furthermore, a heat retaining unit 62 is provided in the first circulation path 52. The heat retaining unit 62 is, for example, a heat retaining duct, a heat retaining cover that covers the first circulation path 52, and the like, and retains the water vapor that is guided to the first circulation path 52.

  When the pulverized biomass is sequentially generated step by step in the first to fourth tube groups 34 </ b> A to 34 </ b> D, if there is a waiting time until the next blasting treatment, the heat is kept by the heat retaining unit 62 and separated by the separation unit 50. Condensation of water vapor is suppressed. If the standby time is short enough that condensation of water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 does not cause a problem, the heat retaining unit 62 may not be provided.

  As described above, the steam explosion apparatus 30 of the present embodiment seals and heats the wet biomass B in the tube 34, and steam-explodes the biomass B with the moisture contained in the biomass B to increase the amount of heat with less moisture. Of micronized biomass can be produced. Therefore, pretreatment such as drying of the biomass B and its equipment are not required, and the biomass B can be pulverized with much less energy than conventional steam explosion. In addition, it is possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption and equipment cost of the steaming / explosion apparatus 30 and thus the boiler apparatus 1 as a whole, and the steaming / explosion apparatus 30 and thus the operating cost of the boiler apparatus 1 can be reduced.

  Further, the steam explosion apparatus 30 of the present embodiment includes a separation unit 50 that separates the solid residue and water vapor from the generated pulverized biomass, and at least a part of the water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 is on the inlet side of each tube 34. And a first circulation path 52 that returns to Thereby, the biomass can be efficiently pulverized with a small amount of energy to produce finely pulverized biomass as a fuel in a high yield.

  Specifically, since only water-derived water vapor generated after the blasting treatment can be used for the next blasting treatment, the water vapor released to the outside of the steaming blasting device 30 can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce energy loss due to heat quantity disposal and prevent a decrease in power generation efficiency of a thermal power plant where the boiler device 1 is provided.

  Moreover, since steam other than moisture origin and condensed water are not re-cooked, the energy loss accompanying these can also be reduced. Furthermore, the concern of alteration of the pulverized biomass caused by steaming with steam other than moisture and condensed water is eliminated, and high-quality pulverized biomass with good combustion efficiency can be produced.

  In addition, the water vapor | steam isolate | separated from the produced | generated micronized biomass is based on the moisture content originally contained in the biomass B of the wet state which is a raw material. Therefore, even if the separation process by the separation unit 50 is performed, the steam based on the moisture contained in the biomass B is still used for the steaming explosion of the biomass B.

  In addition, the steam explosion apparatus 30 includes a second circulation path 54 that returns at least a part of the solid residue separated from the generated pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 to the inlet side of each tube 34. The solid residue separated by the separation unit 50 has a particle size of, for example, 2.0 mm or more and about 5.0 mm.

  Such a solid residue accounts for about 10% of the pulverized biomass produced by the blasting process, and deteriorates the yield of the pulverized biomass when the particle size is less than 2.0 mm. Moreover, if a solid residue is put into the furnace 2a as it is, the combustion efficiency in the coal fired boiler 2 will deteriorate. However, by separating the solid residue from the produced pulverized biomass and blasting again in the next blasting control, the solid residue can be regenerated into pulverized biomass having a particle size of less than 2.0 mm. It was found that the problem can be solved.

  Specifically, 25% wood chips are co-fired in a 150 MW class coal-fired boiler 2 at a ratio based on energy (calorie), and it is necessary to supply about 21.2 tons / hour of finely divided wood, that is, finely pulverized biomass. The experiment was conducted assuming that In this case, in the conventional steaming and explosive device that does not perform the separation step, that is, does not recycle by the separation unit 50, the necessary supply amount of biomass B (wet wood chip) as a raw material is about 47.2 ton / hour. .

  In this case, the necessary supply amount of water vapor (432 ° C., 6 MPa) supplied from the high-pressure turbine 22 to the shell 32 is about 37 ton / hour (corresponding to an energy loss of 9 MW), which was obtained in a conventional steaming and explosive device. The yield of micronized biomass was about 70%. In contrast, in the steam explosion apparatus 30 of the present embodiment, when about 50% of the water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 via the first circulation path 52 is returned to the inlet side of each tube 34, the high-pressure turbine 22 is connected to the shell. The required supply amount of water vapor (432 ° C., 6 MPa) supplied to 32 was about 17 ton / hour (corresponding to an energy loss of 4 MW).

  Thus, the circulation type steaming and explosive device 30 having the separation unit 50 can greatly reduce the water vapor released to the outside of the device. Moreover, since the biomass B thrown into the steaming / explosion device 30 can be reduced by putting the solid residue into the feeder 38 and reusing it as a raw material, the yield of the pulverized biomass obtained in the steaming / explosion device 30 Rose to about 78%. Therefore, the steam explosion apparatus 30 of the present embodiment includes the separation unit 50 and the first and second circulation paths 52 and 54, so that the biomass can be efficiently pulverized with less energy and high quality as fuel. Micronized biomass can be produced with high yield.

  Further, by providing the heat retaining unit 62 in the first circulation path 52, when the pulverized biomass is sequentially generated step by step, if there is a waiting time until the next explosion process, the heat retaining unit 62 retains the temperature. Condensation of water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 is suppressed. Therefore, since the property of the water vapor | steam to recycle can be maintained, the energy loss accompanying heat quantity disposal can further be reduced.

  In particular, the steam explosion apparatus 30 according to the present embodiment executes the above-described explosion control, and sequentially generates pulverized biomass in stages in the first to fourth tube groups 34A to 34D. Thereby, the production amount of the pulverized biomass in the steaming / explosion device 30 can be easily adjusted, and the pulverized biomass can be generated stepwise by the steaming / explosion device 30 and burned in the coal-fired boiler 2. Is possible.

  Therefore, it is possible to increase the degree of freedom of operation of the steaming / explosion device 30 and thus the boiler device 1, and to further reduce the energy consumption and operation cost of the steaming / explosion device 30 and thus the boiler device 1. Note that such stepwise generation of pulverized biomass is effectively utilized as a heating source of biomass B that can continuously circulate steam generated in the coal-fired boiler 2 in the shell 32 and continuously supply the steam. This is the first time it is realized.

  In the present embodiment, the number of tubes 34, and hence the number of inlet valves 40 and outlet valves 42 corresponding to the tubes 34, can be changed as appropriate. Further, the number of tube groups, the number of inlet valve groups and outlet valve groups corresponding to the tube groups, and the number of tubes 34, inlet valves 40, and outlet valves 42 constituting these groups can be changed as appropriate. That is, in the explosion control executed by the control unit 48, the biomass B is supplied stepwise from the feeder 38 to at least one of the plurality of tubes 34 by opening and closing the inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42, and pulverized. Biomass is sequentially generated in predetermined steps.

Second Embodiment
The steam explosion apparatus 130 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first and second embodiments except for the number and position of the inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42, the shape of the shell 32, and the explosion control executed by the control unit 48 and the connection point of the first circulation path 52. The configuration is the same as that of the steaming and explosive device 30 of one embodiment. Accordingly, these differences will be mainly described below, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment may be denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings and specification, and description thereof may be omitted.

  FIG. 5 shows a configuration of the steaming and explosive device 130 according to the second embodiment. In the steam explosion apparatus 130 of this embodiment, the inlet and outlet valves 40, 42 are not provided for each tube 34, and one inlet valve 40 is interposed in the branch pipe 44, and one in the junction pipe 46. The outlet valve 42 is interposed. Further, in the shell 32, an upper inclined pipe portion 34 a and a lower inclined pipe portion 34 b of each tube 34 are disposed, and the branch pipe 44 and the junction pipe 46 are airtight in the shell 32 from the upper and lower walls 32 b and 32 c of the shell 32. Each of them is positioned so as to protrude up and down while maintaining its properties.

  Biomass B supplied from the feeder 38 is filled up to a midway position of the branch pipe 44 with a high filling rate, and is blocked by the inlet valve 40 that is closed. Moreover, the steaming explosion apparatus 130 is provided with the separation unit 50, the 1st and 2nd circulation paths 52 and 54, the opening-and-closing valve 56, the screw conveyor 60, and the heat retention unit 62 similarly to the case of 1st Embodiment.

  The first circulation path 52 of the present embodiment is connected to a branch pipe 44 protruding from the upper wall 32b of the shell 32. Further, only one open / close valve 56 is provided in the first circulation path 52. In addition, as long as it is the exterior side of the shell 32 and the inlet side of each tube 34, you may connect the 1st circulation path 52 other than the location shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the explosion control of the present embodiment executed by the control unit 48 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. First, when the control unit 48 starts the explosion control, in step S11, the inlet valve 40 is opened and the outlet valve 42 is closed. As a result, the biomass B that has been blocked by the inlet valve 40 is supplied and filled in the 24 tubes 34 at once.

  Next, in step S <b> 12, the inlet valve 40 is closed and the biomass B filled in each tube 34 is sealed in each tube 34. The biomass B in each tube 34 is indirectly heated by the steam circulated in the shell 32 through each tube 34.

  The moisture contained in the biomass B held in a sealed state in each tube 34 is gradually evaporated, the inside of each tube 34 is filled with steam and the pressure is increased, and the steam based on the moisture contained in the biomass B is used for steaming explosion of the biomass B. Used. In this way, the biomass B is indirectly heated in a sealed state by the steam flowing in the shell 32 through the tube 34, and the biomass B is steamed by the moisture contained in the biomass B in the tube 34.

  Next, in step S13, it is determined whether or not the holding time t after shifting from step S12 has elapsed. When a determination result is Yes (true), it is determined that steaming that allows suitable steaming and explosion in each tube 34 has been sufficiently performed, and the process proceeds to step S14. On the other hand, when the determination result is No (false), it is determined that the steaming that can be steamed in each tube 34 is not sufficiently performed, and the process stays in step S13 and waits.

  Next, in step S14, the outlet valve 42 is opened. As a result, the pressure in each tube 34 is instantaneously released, rapid decompression in each tube 34 is performed, and biomass fuel pulverized by steam explosion is generated from the outlet valve 42 to generate explosion control. finish.

  Next, in step S15, the separation process by the separation unit 50 is performed as in the case of the first embodiment. In the separation step, the control unit 48 activates the separation unit 50 and opens the opening / closing valve 56. Thereby, at least a part (for example, about 50%) of the water vapor separated from the produced pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 is returned to the inlet side of the tube 34 through the first circulation path 52.

  Further, the control unit 48 activates the separation unit 50 and the screw conveyor 60. As a result, at least a part (preferably about 90% to 100%) of the solid residue separated from the produced pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 is on the inlet side of each tube 34 via the second circulation path 54. Returned to the feeder 38.

  When the pulverized biomass is sequentially generated by the steaming and pulverizing apparatus 130, when there is a waiting time until the next blasting process, the heat retention by the heat retaining unit 62 suppresses the condensation of the water vapor separated by the separation unit 50. Note that, in the separation unit 50 and the separation step of the present embodiment, configurations that are exceptions to the above-described contents are allowed as in the case of the first embodiment. Then, the pulverized biomass fuel that has passed through the separation step is introduced into the furnace 2a of the coal-fired boiler 2 through the burner portion 2e together with the combustion air introduced by the pushing fan 11, and together with the pulverized coal fuel pulverized by the mill 20 Burned.

  As described above, in the steam explosion apparatus 130 of the present embodiment, the biomass B in a wet state is sealed and heated in the tube 34 as in the case of the first embodiment, and the biomass B is contained with the moisture contained in the biomass B. Steam explosion can produce high heat quantity micronized biomass with little moisture. Therefore, the biomass B can be pulverized with much less energy than the conventional steam explosion, and the overall energy consumption and equipment cost in the steam explosion apparatus 130 and the boiler apparatus 1 are greatly reduced. As a result, the operating cost of the boiler apparatus 1 can be reduced.

  Furthermore, since the steaming and explosive device 130 of this embodiment includes the separation unit 50 and the first and second circulation paths 52 and 54 as in the case of the first embodiment, the biomass can be efficiently finely divided with less energy. It can be pulverized to produce high quality finely divided biomass as fuel. Further, by providing the heat retaining unit 62 in the first circulation path 52, the condensation of the water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 is suppressed, and the energy loss accompanying the waste of heat can be further reduced.

  In particular, the steam explosion apparatus 130 of the present embodiment requires only one inlet and outlet valve 40, 42, so the number of inlet and outlet valves 40, 42 is significantly larger than in the case of the first embodiment. It can be reduced, and the control system for explosion control is simplified. Therefore, the steaming and explosive device 130 can greatly simplify the overall configuration thereof, so that the energy consumption and equipment cost in the steaming and explosive device 130 and thus the boiler device 1 can be further reduced, and these operating costs can be further reduced. Can do.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the above-described explosion control is executed, and the biomass B is supplied from the feeder 38 into the 24 tubes 34 by opening and closing the inlet and outlet valves 40 and 42 to generate pulverized biomass. To do. In addition, the upper inclined pipe portion 34a and the lower inclined pipe portion 34b of each tube 34 can be filled with the biomass B and steamed and crushed. Thereby, while using the steam | steam produced | generated with the coal burning boiler 2, pulverized biomass can be produced | generated in large quantities at once, and the blasting capability of the steaming blasting apparatus 130 can be improved significantly.

<Third Embodiment>
The steaming / explosion system according to the third embodiment is provided in the boiler device 1 and includes a plurality of the steaming / explosion devices 30 or 130. Hereinafter, a case where a plurality of the steaming and explosive devices 130 according to the second embodiment are provided will be described as a representative, and the same configuration as that of the second embodiment may be denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings and specification, and the description thereof may be omitted. .

  FIG. 7 shows a steaming / explosion system 200 illustrating devices 130 </ b> A and 130 </ b> B that form part of the plurality of steaming / explosion devices 130. The first circulation path 52 of the device 130A is connected to the branch pipe 44 of the adjacent device 130B. On the other hand, the second circulation paths 54 of the devices 130A and 130B extend to above the feeders 38 of the devices 130A and 130B, respectively. Note that the control unit 48 is not shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 described later.

  The water vapor separated by the separation unit 50 of the device 130A is returned to the inlet side of each tube 34 of the different device 130B, and the water-derived water vapor generated after the explosion treatment of the device 130A can be used for the explosion treatment of the device 130B. . Therefore, since the water vapor | steam discharge | released out of the apparatus of the steaming explosion system 200 can be reduced, the energy loss accompanying heat amount disposal can be reduced.

  Further, by generating the pulverized biomass in stages in the apparatuses 130A and 130B, the standby time can be shortened as much as possible between the explosion processes of the apparatuses 130A and 130A. Thereby, even if it does not provide the heat retention unit 62, since the property of the water vapor | steam to recycle can be maintained, the energy loss accompanying heat amount disposal can be reduced, reducing an installation cost.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8, in the steam explosion system 200, the separation unit 50 may be shared by a plurality of steam explosion apparatuses 130. For example, when the steam explosion system 200 is composed of the devices 130A and 130B, only one separation unit 50 is provided, and the first circulation path 52 is branched and connected toward the branch pipes 44 of the devices 130A and 130B. Is done.

  Further, the second circulation path 54 is branched and extended toward the upper side of the feeders 38 of the devices 130A and 130B. An opening / closing valve 58 is interposed in the vicinity of each feeder 38 of the branched second circulation path 54. The drive part of the opening / closing valve 58 is electrically connected to the control unit 48. The control unit 48 activates the separation unit 50 and the screw conveyor 60 and opens any one of the opening / closing valves 58 in the separation step of step S5 in the explosion control.

  Thereby, a part of the solid residue separated from the produced pulverized biomass by the separation unit 50 is returned to the selected feeder 38 via the second circulation path 54. In the case of such a form of FIG. 8, since the number of separation units 50 of the steam explosion system 200 can be reduced, a compact steam explosion system 200 can be realized while reducing the equipment cost.

Although the description of the embodiments of the present invention has been completed above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the steaming and explosive devices 30 and 130 do not need to include the second circulation path 54 as long as the separation unit 50 and the first circulation path 52 are included. This is because the amount of the solid residue may be small depending on the properties of the biomass B and the explosion ability of the steam explosion equipment 30 and 130.

  Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the steaming / explosion device 30 (or the steaming / explosion device 130) may include a receiving tank 64 that receives the pulverized biomass generated in the tube 34. In this case, the pulverized biomass that has passed through the separation unit 50 in the steaming explosion device 30 is not directly charged into the furnace 2a and combusted, but can be temporarily stored in the receiving tank 64. Thereby, the freedom degree of operation | movement of the steaming explosion apparatus 30 and the boiler apparatus 1 can further be raised.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, the case where pulverized biomass was produced | generated with the moisture content of biomass B was demonstrated by performing steaming explosion by the steaming explosion equipment 30 and 130 with which the boiler apparatus 1 is provided. In this case, a part of reheat steam (steam returning to the reheater 2c after rotating the high pressure turbine 22) out of the high temperature steam generated in the coal fired boiler 2 is used as a heating source for the tube 34. doing.

  Thereby, biomass B can be pulverized with little energy, without requiring new power consumption. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the steam after being used for the work of the medium / low pressure turbine 25 may be used as the heating source, or the steam generated in the coal fired boiler 2 may be directly used. Alternatively, steam may be used for exhaust gas generated in the coal-fired boiler 2 for use.

Moreover, the pulverized biomass production apparatus which makes the aspect of the steaming explosion apparatus 30 and 130 is provided in apparatuses and facilities other than the boiler apparatus 1, and the tube 34 is heated using heating sources other than steam, and pulverized biomass. May be generated.
In addition, the biomass that can be pulverized in the present invention may be any moisture-containing biomass that includes moisture, and may be unused biomass including vegetation and not only woody, but also waste biomass. good.

30, 130 Steaming and explosive device 32 Shell 34 Tube 40 Inlet valve 42 Outlet valve 48 Control unit 50 Separating unit 52 First circulation path 54 Second circulation path 62 Thermal insulation unit 200 Steaming explosion system

Claims (5)

A shell supplied with steam;
A tube disposed in the shell;
A feeder connected to the inlet side of the tube and supplying biomass into the tube;
An inlet valve interposed on the inlet side of the tube;
An outlet valve interposed on the outlet side of the tube;
Open the inlet valve, close the outlet valve, supply the biomass from the feeder through the inlet valve into the tube, close the inlet and outlet valve, seal the biomass in the tube, The biomass in the tube is heated with steam in the shell, and after the holding time has elapsed, the inlet valve is closed, the outlet valve is opened, and the biomass in the tube is steam-exploded with the contained moisture. A control unit for producing micronized biomass;
A separation unit connected to the outlet side of the tube and separating solid residue and water vapor from the micronized biomass produced in the tube;
A steam blasting apparatus comprising: a first circulation path for returning at least part of the water vapor separated by the separation unit to the inlet side of the tube.   The steaming and explosive device according to claim 1, further comprising a second circulation path for returning at least a part of the solid residue separated by the separation unit to the inlet side of the tube.   The steam blasting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first circulation path includes a heat retaining unit that suppresses condensation of water vapor separated by the separation unit. A steam explosion system comprising a plurality of steam explosion apparatuses according to claim 1 or 2,
The first circulation path is a steaming / explosion system for returning the water vapor separated by the separation unit to the inlet side of the tube of the different steaming / explosion device.   The steaming / explosion system according to claim 4, wherein the separation unit is shared by a plurality of the steaming / explosion apparatuses.

Images