JP2019202437A - Recording device and perforation forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

To allow an object to be easily cut off along a perforation manually from a recording medium without depending on a shape and an arrangement of the object formed in the recording medium.SOLUTION: The recording device, which records an object on a recording medium and forms a perforation along an outer periphery of the object, comprises: a recording head that performs recording on the recording medium; a cutter and a cutter driving part that form the perforation on the recording medium; a RAM that stores arrangement data indicating the arrangement of the object; and a control part that determines an arrangement of a connected perforation connected to the perforation formed on the outer periphery of the object from an end part of the recording medium or a perforation on an outer periphery of the other object, with respect to the object, on the basis of the arrangement data. The control part makes the recording head to perform recording, and controls the cutter via the cutter driving part so that the perforation on the outer periphery of the object and the connected perforation are formed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a recording apparatus having a function of performing printing or printing on a recording medium such as paper or a resin film and forming a perforation on the recording medium, and a method for forming a perforation in the recording medium. .

  Coupons and service tickets used for sales promotion and the like are used by collectively printing on a sheet as a recording medium and then separating the individual coupons. For this reason, a recording apparatus that can perform printing on paper on which perforations are formed in advance and a recording apparatus that has a function of forming perforations on paper are known. In the following, a portion separated from the remaining portion of the recording medium by a perforation, such as a coupon ticket or an individual ticket piece of a service ticket, is called an object. An object is generally printed or printed in some way. The object is not limited to a coupon ticket or a service ticket, and includes, for example, a paper craft or a paper model in an unfolded state.

  Various proposals have been made to facilitate the manual separation of individual objects along the perforations formed on the paper. Patent Document 1 is a recording apparatus that performs printing on a sheet on which a perforation is formed in advance, and reaches the perforation from the end of the sheet near the perforation for each sheet of printed paper. Disclose the formation of cuts.

JP 2012-71488 A

  In the recording apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to facilitate the manual separation of the object along the perforation, a cut is formed by a cutter or the like after printing. However, this apparatus prints on a sheet in which the shape of an object to be cut along the perforation is a regular shape such as a rectangle and a perforation extending in the vicinity of the end of the sheet is formed in advance. It is premised on what to do. In this recording apparatus, for example, when the shape of an object is not a regular shape, such as a paper craft, the perforation of the object is far from the end of the paper, or the object is arranged in a complicated manner, the perforation is reached. It is difficult to form a cut. If the shape of the object is atypical, the position of the object is far from the edge of the paper, or the arrangement of the object is complicated, the object is manually separated from the recording medium such as paper along the perforation. Still require skill.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a recording apparatus that can easily separate an object from a recording medium manually along a perforation without depending on the shape and arrangement of the object, and a method for forming a perforation. It is in.

  The recording apparatus of the present invention is a recording apparatus for recording an object on a recording medium and forming a perforation on the recording medium along the outer periphery of the object, a recording means for recording on the recording medium, and a perforation on the recording medium. A perforation forming means for forming an object, storage means for storing recording data about the object and arrangement data indicating the arrangement of the object, and an outer edge of the recording medium or other object for the object based on the arrangement data Control means for determining the arrangement of connecting perforations from the perforation to the perforation on the outer periphery of the object, and the control means causes the recording means to record the object based on the recording data, and The perforation on the outer periphery and the connection perforation are formed by the perforation forming means.

  The perforation forming method of the present invention is a perforation forming method for forming a perforation on a recording medium on which an object is recorded. The perforation of the object is recorded on the object based on the arrangement data indicating the arrangement of the object. The arrangement of perforations connected to the perforations on the outer periphery of the object is determined from the perforations on the outer periphery of the object or other object, and the perforations on the outer periphery of the object and the determined perforations are formed on the recording medium.

  According to the present invention, by forming a connection perforation connected to the perforation on the outer periphery of the object, the object can be easily removed from the recording medium manually by using the connection perforation as a clue without depending on the shape and arrangement of the object. Can be separated.

It is a figure explaining the recording device of one embodiment of the invention. It is a flowchart explaining the process of the arrangement | positioning of a connection perforation. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the perforation before determination of arrangement | positioning of a connection perforation. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the perforation in the state which determined arrangement | positioning of the connection perforation. It is a flowchart explaining the process of determination of arrangement | positioning in another embodiment. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the perforation in the state in which the connection perforation was set.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1A and 1B show a recording apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the recording apparatus, and FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing the configuration of a control unit provided in the recording apparatus. It is. A recording apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a function of performing printing on a sheet as a recording medium and forming a perforation at an arbitrary position on the printed sheet. Of course, in the present invention, the recording medium is not limited to paper, and recording on the recording medium is not limited to printing. In order to improve workability when the object is manually separated from the paper, the recording apparatus 100 has a perforation for facilitating the separation in addition to the perforation of the object itself, that is, the perforation on the outer periphery of the object. Also has a function of forming. The connection perforation extends from the perforation on the outer periphery of the object to the edge of the paper, that is, the end of the recording medium, and when there are a plurality of objects, the perforations on the outer periphery of those objects are connected. Perforations that are formed. Since the arrangement of the connection perforations is not given in advance, the recording apparatus 100 determines the arrangement of the connection perforations based on the arrangement data of the objects, and forms the connection perforations based on the determined arrangement. Hereinafter, the recording apparatus 100 will be described in detail.

  The recording apparatus 100 includes a recording head 103 that is a recording unit that performs printing, a cutter 105 that is used to form a perforation, and a control unit 107 that is a control unit and controls the entire recording apparatus 100. Yes. In the recording apparatus 100, the paper is stored in the paper feed cassette 101, transported in the direction indicated by the arrow by the transport roller 102, and moves to a position facing the cutter 105 through a position facing the recording head 103. The recording head 103 is, for example, of an ink jet recording system that discharges a recording liquid such as ink to record an image or the like on a sheet, and is mounted on a carriage (not shown) or the like so It is possible to move in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction. The recording head 103 that is used in the present embodiment and that is capable of ejecting ink and moving in the illustrated depth direction is already commonly used in ink jet recording apparatuses. A platen roller 104 is provided so as to face the recording head 103 across the sheet conveyance path. The platen roller 104 further conveys the paper that has reached the position facing the recording head 103 in the direction of the arrow shown in the drawing.

  The cutter 105 can be moved in the illustrated depth direction and the illustrated vertical direction by the cutter driving unit 106. The cutter 105 and the cutter driving unit 106 constitute a perforation forming unit. When the cutter 105 is in the lowered state, the cutter 105 cuts the sheet by moving the cutter 105 in the illustrated depth direction and conveying the sheet. When the cutter 105 is in the raised state, the cutter 105 does not contact the paper and the paper is not cut. By combining the movement of the cutter 105 in the depth direction and the conveyance of the paper with repeated raising and lowering of the cutter 105, it is possible to form a perforation with a desired shape on the paper. As specific configurations of the cutter 105 and the cutter driving unit 106, those generally used in a cutting plotter can be used.

  The control unit 107 has a configuration in which a CPU 110, a ROM 111, a RAM 112, a LAN interface 113, a drive unit 114, an input / display unit 115, and a recording unit 116 are connected to the bus 120. A CPU (central processing unit) 110 controls the recording apparatus 100 according to various programs, and in particular, executes various controls for printing on paper and forming perforations. A ROM (read only memory) 111 stores various control programs for the recording apparatus 100. A RAM (Random Access Memory) 112 serving as a storage unit accumulates a control program read from the ROM 111, serves as a work area for processing by the CPU 110, and accumulates various setting information of the recording apparatus 100. In particular, the RAM 112 includes image (or character) data to be printed on the object area on the paper, that is, recording data, and coordinate data indicating the position and shape of the object used for forming the perforation, that is, arrangement data. Is accumulated. A LAN (local area network) interface 113 is provided for network communication between the host computer and the recording apparatus 100, and functions as an interface with the network. The drive unit 114 includes various mechanisms in the recording apparatus 100, such as a drive circuit that drives a conveyance motor (not shown). The input / display unit 115 corresponds to an input unit, and includes, for example, a touch panel. The input / display unit 115 receives a command input from the user to the recording apparatus 100 and notifies the user of various states of the recording apparatus 100. The recording unit 116 functions as an interface between the recording head 103 and the cutter driving unit 106 for printing on paper and creating perforations.

  Next, printing on a sheet and formation of perforations by the recording apparatus 100 will be described. The recording apparatus 100 performs printing and perforation while the sheet is conveyed in the direction of the arrow by the conveying roller 102 and the platen roller 104. Therefore, printing and perforation cannot be performed independently, and these are performed in parallel. In this embodiment, a connection perforation is formed in addition to the perforation of the object itself, but the arrangement of the connection perforations is not given in advance. Therefore, prior processing before executing printing and perforation formation, including processing for determining the arrangement of connected perforations, is important.

  The recording apparatus 100 receives a print job including object creation from a host computer such as a personal computer via the LAN interface 113. The print job is a job for causing the recording apparatus 100 to perform recording and perforation formation, and includes the above-described recording data and arrangement data. When the print job is received, the CPU 110 separates the recording data and the arrangement data from the print job and stores them in the RAM 112. Since the arrangement data includes the arrangement, that is, the position and shape of the object, it is possible to form a perforation along the outer periphery of the object based on the arrangement data. However, since the arrangement data does not include information about the connection perforations, the recording apparatus 100 needs to automatically and independently determine the arrangement of the connection perforations based on the arrangement data. FIG. 2 shows a process for determining the arrangement of connected perforations including an object and perforation forming process.

  In the process of determining the connection perforation shown in FIG. 2, first, in S200, the CPU 110 determines whether or not creation of a connection perforation for each object perforation is permitted. Whether or not to permit creation of the connection perforation is input in advance to the recording apparatus 100 via the input / display unit 115 by the user. When the creation of the connection perforation is not permitted, the CPU 110, in S208, based on the recording data and arrangement data stored in the RAM 112, the recording head 103 and the cutter driving unit 106 via the recording unit 116. To control. As a result, printing and perforation are formed on the paper. Printing based on the recording data is controlled in the same way as printing in a normal inkjet recording apparatus, and perforation formation based on the arrangement data is performed in the same manner as perforation formation by a normal cutting plotter.

  If it is determined in S200 that creation of a connection perforation is permitted, the CPU 110 sets the shortest distance from the sheet edge in the perforation of each object in S201 based on the arrangement data stored in the RAM 112. Determine what will be the position. In S202, the object corresponding to the perforation including the position having the shortest distance is selected and confirmed as the object to be connected from the sheet edge by the connection perforation. A sheet as a recording medium is generally a rectangle, and the four sides of the rectangle are the end of the sheet, but the side that is the shortest distance from the position determined in S201 is the side that is used as the start point of the connection perforation. (Ie, paper edge). In S203, the CPU 110 determines the arrangement of the connection perforations, and the perforation of the object determined in S202 or the angle between the tangent line and the connection perforation is an obtuse angle, and the object has the maximum angle. Determine the position on the eye. This process is called a process for determining the maximum obtuse angle position. The obtuse angle is an angle exceeding 90 °. However, in the present specification, the obtuse angle includes a straight line, that is, an angle of 180 ° (flat angle). When the connection perforations are arranged, it is ideal that the perforations extending from the position of the shortest distance as described above to the end of the object as a straight line are used as connection perforations. At this time, the angle formed by the perforation of the object and the connection perforation is 180 °. However, there are cases where such an ideal connection perforation cannot be formed. In that case, the maximum obtuse angle position is determined so that the angle formed by the perforation of the object and the connection perforation is as large as possible. This processing is performed by obtaining the maximum value of the angle formed by the two sides using a cosine theorem for a triangle having two sides of the perforation and the connection perforation of the object. When the angle formed by the perforation of the object and the connection perforation can be 180 °, the position where the perforation of the object and the perforation of connection are connected is the maximum obtuse angle position. Thereby, in S204, the connection perforation connecting the paper end and the perforation of the object determined in S202 is determined as connecting the maximum obtuse angle position from the paper end.

  With the above processing, the arrangement of connection perforations for one object is determined. If the number of objects formed on the sheet is one, the CPU 110 may execute printing and perforation formation on the sheet in S208, and then terminate the processing. On the other hand, when the number of objects formed on the sheet is 2 or more, the CPU 110 performs the processing shown in S205 to S207 for all other objects excluding the objects whose connection perforations are determined in S204. Execute the process. That is, in step S205, the CPU 110 determines the perforation of each undetermined object that has the shortest distance from the object whose placement of the paper edge or connection perforation is confirmed. The process of S205 is performed in the same procedure as the process of S201, whereby an object corresponding to the perforation including the position having the shortest distance is selected and confirmed as a related object. The related object is an object whose connection perforation is to be determined next so as to connect from the perforation of an object whose paper perforation or connection perforation has already been determined. The connection perforation for the related object is connected to the perforation of the related object from the paper edge or the confirmed object at the shortest distance as viewed from the position determined in S205. Subsequently, in S206, the CPU 110 determines the maximum obtuse angle position similar to S203 regarding the angle formed by the perforation of the related object and the connection perforation. As a result, in step S207, the arrangement of the connection perforation from the paper edge or the object whose connection perforation has already been determined to the related object is determined. Information regarding the arrangement of connected perforations determined in S204 and S207 is added to the arrangement data stored in the RAM 112.

  Each time the CPU 110 repeats the processes of S205 to S207 once, the number of objects for which connection perforations connected thereto are indefinite is decreased. When there are no more undetermined objects, the CPU 110 executes printing and perforation formation in S208. Since the arrangement perforation is also included in the arrangement data by the above process, when the perforation is formed, a fixed connection perforation is simultaneously formed in addition to the original perforation of the object. . When S208 is completed, the process of determining the arrangement of connected perforations including printing and perforation formation is completed.

  The arrangement of perforations determined by the process shown in FIG. 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 shows a case where two objects 301 and 302 are formed by printing on the paper 300. The objects 301 and 302 are separated from the rest of the sheet 300 by the perforations 311 and 312 respectively. Consider a case where printing of objects 301 and 302 and formation of perforations 311 and 312 are performed on a sheet 300 according to the present embodiment. Assuming that the formation of connected perforations is permitted, in S201, the position of the shortest distance between the perforations 311 and 312 of the two objects 301 and 302 and the paper edge is determined. In this example, since the position of the shortest distance is at the perforation 311 of the object 301, it is determined that one object to which the connection perforation is connected from the paper edge (in this case, the upper side of the paper 300 in the figure) is the object 301. To do. Next, in S203, the maximum obtuse angle position formed by the perforation 311 and the connection perforation of the object 301 is determined. As a result, in S <b> 204, the connection perforation connected from the paper edge to the perforation 311 of the object 301 is determined to be the connection perforation 401 along the straight line connecting the upper side of the paper 300 and the top vertex 321 of the object 301. .

  When the connection perforation 401 connected to the perforation 311 of the object 301 is confirmed, the processing of S205 to S207 is then repeated for each object for which the connection perforation is undetermined. In S205, it is determined that the position is the shortest distance from the paper edge or another object whose connection perforation is fixed. Here, there is only one object whose connection perforation is undetermined, and it is the object 302. Therefore, the object 302 is determined as the object at the shortest distance from the paper edge or the confirmed object, that is, the related object. The Since the shortest distance from the object 302 is not the edge of the sheet but the object 301, the connection from the perforation 311 of the object 301 to the perforation 312 of the object 302 is determined as a connection perforation candidate for the object 302. Next, in S206, the maximum obtuse angle position formed by the perforation 312 of the object 302 connecting the connection perforations and the perforation is determined. As a result, a straight line extending from the lower vertex 322 of the object 301 and touching the object 302 on the left side of the object 302 is determined to be the connection perforation 402 for the object 302.

  As described above, the arrangement of the connection perforations 401 and 402 with respect to the perforations 311 and 312 of the objects 301 and 302 formed on the sheet 300 is determined. In step S208, printing of the objects 301 and 302 on the paper 300 and formation of the perforations 311 and 312 and the connection perforations 401 and 402 are executed. In the present embodiment, the connection perforations 401 and 402 that allow the objects 301 and 302 to be easily separated from the paper sheet 300 are automatically formed so as to be connected to the perforations 311 and 312 on the outer periphery of the objects 301 and 302. Will be. By tearing the paper 300 along the connection perforations 401 from the paper 300 on which the objects are formed and the perforations including the connection perforations are formed, the object 301 can be easily moved along the perforations 311. The paper 300 can be separated. After the object 301 is separated, the object 302 can be easily separated from the sheet 300 by the perforation 312 by tearing the sheet 300 along the connection perforation 402.

  When an object is manually separated from the paper by a perforation formed on the paper, the more sharp the vertex formed on the outer periphery of the object or the smaller the radius of curvature of the outer periphery of the object, the more difficult the separation work is. , Workability is reduced. Therefore, it is conceivable to form connection perforations only for objects that are considered difficult to separate from the paper. FIG. 5 shows processing for determining the arrangement of connected perforations including object and perforation forming processing in a recording apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  In the process shown in FIG. 5, first, in S500, as in S200 in the process shown in FIG. 2, it is determined whether or not it is permitted to create a connection perforation for each object. If not permitted here, the CPU 110 controls the recording head 103 and the cutter driving unit 106 via the recording unit 116 on the basis of the recording data and the arrangement data in the RAM 112 in S504, and controls the sheet. Printing and perforation formation. The printing and perforation forming processes in S504 are performed in the same manner as S208 in the process shown in FIG. If the creation of the connection perforation is permitted, the CPU 110 determines in step S501 that the perforation shape of the object for each object to be formed on the sheet satisfies a predetermined condition based on the arrangement data stored in the RAM 112. Determine if it meets. Further, the CPU determines which position of the perforation of the object meets the predetermined condition for the object satisfying the predetermined condition. Here, as a predetermined condition, “the perforation shape has a vertex (that is, a corner), and the angle at the vertex (that is, the apex angle) is less than 90 °, that is, the apex angle is an acute angle” The position corresponding to the condition is assumed to be a vertex that is an acute angle. The CPU 110 extracts all the apex angles that meet the condition, and determines the maximum obtuse angle position between the perforation of the object and the connection perforation at the position of the vertex in S502, and in S503, based on the determination result, determines the connection perforation. Confirm the placement. Here, with respect to the extracted vertex, the connection perforation is arranged so that the connection perforation is connected to the perforation at the position of the vertex from the sheet edge. When the connection perforations from the sheet edge to the vertexes are determined for all the vertices extracted in S501, the CPU 110 determines the formation of perforations for each object and the formation of connection perforations for the extracted vertices in S504. Execute the process. In the present embodiment, the object whose vertex has not been extracted in S501 is an object that has no acute angle part in the perforation and can be easily separated by hand, and therefore, a connection perforation connected to the perforation of the object is not formed. .

  FIG. 6 shows, as an example, the result of forming the sewing machine surface when the process shown in FIG. 5 is executed for the paper 300 on which the two objects 301 and 302 should be arranged as shown in FIG. . An object 301 shown in FIG. 3 has a shape in which a small triangle is added to each of a pair of long sides of a rectangle so as to protrude outward. In the figure, the top vertex 321 and the bottom vertex 322 of the object 301 are vertices that are acute angles of small triangles. On the other hand, the object 302 is circular and does not have an acute vertex.

  When the processing of S501 is performed on the object arrangement shown in FIG. 3, the top vertex 321 and the bottom vertex 322 are extracted from the object 301 as vertices having an acute angle smaller than 90 °. Vertices are not extracted from the object 302. As a result, the processing of S502 and S503 is executed for the two vertices 321 and 322 of the object 301. First, for the top vertex 321, in S <b> 502, the CPU 110 determines the maximum obtuse angle position formed by the perforation 311 constituting the vertex 321 and the connection perforation. From this determination result, it is determined that the connection perforation corresponding to the vertex 321 is a connection perforation 401 that is a straight line connecting the top side of the paper 300 to the vertex 321. Subsequently, with respect to the remaining vertices 322 of the two vertices extracted in S501, the maximum obtuse angle position formed by the perforation constituting the vertex 322 and the connection perforation is determined. Similarly, the connection perforation corresponding to the vertex 322 is determined to be the connection perforation 402 that is a straight line connected from the lower side of the sheet 300 to the vertex 322. If the perforation 311 is provided so that the perforation 311 of the object extends to the end of the sheet, there are two types of connection perforations: one extending from the vertex 322 in the lower left direction in the figure and one extending in the lower right direction in the figure. Conceivable. However, since an object extending in the lower right direction in the figure interferes with the object 302, a connection perforation cannot be set from the vertex 322 in the lower right direction in the figure. Therefore, a connection perforation 402 extending from the vertex 322 to the lower side of the sheet 300 in the lower left direction in the figure is arranged. After the connection perforations are determined for the two vertices of the object 301 extracted in step S501, in step S504, the printing of the objects 301 and 302, the formation of the perforations 311 and 312 and the connection perforations 401 and 402 are performed. And forming.

  According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, an object formed at an arbitrary position on the paper and not easily separated along the perforation by hand is not easily separated from the edge of the paper. Connection perforations that reach the eyes can be formed automatically. As a result, the object can be easily separated from the recording medium.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Recording apparatus 103 Recording head 105 Cutter 107 Control part

Claims (9)

A recording apparatus for recording an object on a recording medium and forming a perforation on the recording medium along an outer periphery of the object,
Recording means for recording on the recording medium;
Perforation forming means for forming perforations on the recording medium;
Storage means for storing recording data about the object and arrangement data indicating the arrangement of the object;
Based on the arrangement data, for the object, a control means for determining the arrangement of connecting perforations from the outer perforations of the end of the recording medium or other objects to the perforations of the outer circumference of the objects;
Have
The control unit causes the recording unit to record the object based on the recording data, and causes the perforation forming unit to form a perforation on the outer periphery of the object and the connection perforation. .   The control means selects an object having the shortest distance with respect to an end of the recording medium, determines an arrangement of the connection perforations connected to the selected object, and thereafter an object for which the connection perforations are not determined. Repeatedly selecting an object having the shortest distance from an end of the recording medium and an object for which the arrangement of the connection perforations is determined, and determining the arrangement of the connection perforations connected to the selected object. The recording apparatus according to claim 1.   The control means includes an outer circumference of the object having an angle between a perforation connected to the selected object and a perforation on the outer circumference of the selected object or its tangent line exceeding 90 ° and having the maximum angle. The maximum obtuse angle position that is a position above the perforation is obtained, and the connection perforation connected to the selected object is the connection perforation connected by the maximum angle with respect to the maximum obtuse angle position. The recording device described.   4. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the arrangement of the connection perforations connected to the perforation on the outer periphery of the object only for an object whose shape of the outer perforation satisfies a predetermined condition. 5. The recording apparatus according to item 1. It further comprises an input means for receiving input from the user,
The recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the connection perforation when permitted through the input unit. A perforation forming method for forming a perforation on a recording medium on which an object is recorded,
Based on the arrangement data indicating the arrangement of the object, for the object, determine the arrangement of the connecting perforation from the perforation of the outer edge of the recording medium or the outer circumference of the object to the perforation of the outer circumference of the object,
A perforation forming method of forming perforations on the outer periphery of the object and the determined connection perforations on the recording medium.   An object having the shortest distance with respect to an end of the recording medium is selected to determine the arrangement of the connection perforations connected to the selected object, and then the recording is performed from among the objects for which the connection perforations are not determined. The method according to claim 6, further comprising: selecting an object having the shortest distance from an end of the medium and an object for which the arrangement of the connection perforations is determined, and determining the arrangement of the connection perforations connected to the selected object. A method for forming the perforation as described.   A position on the perforation at the outer periphery of the object where the angle formed by the connection perforation connected to the selected object and the perforation or tangent on the outer periphery of the selected object exceeds 90 ° and the angle is the maximum The perforation according to claim 7, wherein a maximum pertinent angle position is obtained, and a perforation connected to the selected object is a perforation connected by the maximum angle to the maximum obtuse angle position. Method. Determining whether or not the shape of the outer perforation satisfies a predetermined condition;
The method for forming a perforation according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein an arrangement of the connection perforations connected to perforations on an outer periphery of the object is determined only for an object satisfying the predetermined condition.

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