JP2019175640A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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JP2019175640A
JP2019175640A JP2018061433A JP2018061433A JP2019175640A JP 2019175640 A JP2019175640 A JP 2019175640A JP 2018061433 A JP2018061433 A JP 2018061433A JP 2018061433 A JP2018061433 A JP 2018061433A JP 2019175640 A JP2019175640 A JP 2019175640A
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hot water
housing
fuel cell
water storage
radiator
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JP7096687B2 (en
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田中　雅士
Masashi Tanaka
雅士 田中
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
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  • Housings, Intake/Discharge, And Installation Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

To provide a fuel cell system capable of simplifying structure of a hot-water storage apparatus and capable of reducing manufacturing cost.SOLUTION: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell body 2 for performing power generation by fuel cell reaction; a hot water storage apparatus 6 for recovering waste heat of the fuel cell body 2 as hot water; and an accommodation housing 8 for accommodating the fuel cell body 2 and the hot water storage apparatus 6. A suction port 74 and an exhaust port 78 are formed in the accommodation housing 8. A ventilation fan 80 is arranged in relation to the exhaust port 78. The hot water storage apparatus 6 includes: a hot water storage tank 56; heat exchangers 60, 62 for performing heat exchange with water from the hot water tank; a radiator 66 arranged on the upstream side of the heat exchanger 60; and a heat recovery circulation passage 58 for circulating water in the hot water tank 56 through the radiator 66 and the heat exchangers 60, 62. The radiator 66 is arranged on the inside of the suction port 74 of the accommodation housing 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、発電を行う燃料電池本体と、この燃料電池本体の排熱を温水として回収するための貯湯装置とを備えた燃料電池システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell main body that generates power and a hot water storage device that recovers exhaust heat from the fuel cell main body as hot water.

燃料電池システムとして、発電を行う燃料電池本体と、この燃料電池本体からの排熱を温水として貯えるための貯湯装置とを備えたものが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。このような燃料電池システムでは、燃料電池本体には冷却水循環流路が設けられ、この冷却水循環流路を通して冷却水が循環される。また、貯湯装置は、温水を貯えるための貯湯タンクと、貯湯タンクからの水を循環するための熱回収循環流路とを備え、この熱回収循環流路に熱交換器が配設されている。更に、熱回収循環流路の一部をバイパスしてバイパス流路が設けられ、このバイパス流路にラジエタが設けられているとともに、バイパス流路と熱回収循環流路との接続部に三方弁が配設されている。   2. Description of the Related Art As a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system including a fuel cell main body that generates power and a hot water storage device that stores exhaust heat from the fuel cell main body as hot water is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In such a fuel cell system, a cooling water circulation passage is provided in the fuel cell main body, and the cooling water is circulated through the cooling water circulation passage. The hot water storage device includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water and a heat recovery circulation channel for circulating water from the hot water storage tank, and a heat exchanger is disposed in the heat recovery circulation channel. . Furthermore, a bypass flow path is provided by bypassing a part of the heat recovery circulation flow path, a radiator is provided in the bypass flow path, and a three-way valve is provided at a connection portion between the bypass flow path and the heat recovery circulation flow path. Is arranged.

このような燃料電池システムでは、通常、貯湯タンクからの水が熱回収循環流路及び熱交換器を通して循環され、この熱交換器にて熱回収循環流路を流れる水と冷却水循環流路を流れる冷却水との間で熱交換が行われ、この熱交換により加温された水が熱回収循環流路を通して貯湯タンクに貯められる。また、貯湯タンクが温水で満たされたときには、三方弁が切り替えられて熱回収循環流路とバイパス流路とが連通され、貯湯タンクからの温水がバイパス流路及びラジエタを通して流れ、このラジエタにて温度が下がった温水（水）が熱交換器に送給され、熱交換器にて温度の下がった温水と冷却水循環流路を流れる冷却水との間で熱交換が行われる。   In such a fuel cell system, normally, water from the hot water storage tank is circulated through the heat recovery circulation channel and the heat exchanger, and the water flowing through the heat recovery circulation channel and the cooling water circulation channel in this heat exchanger. Heat is exchanged with the cooling water, and the water heated by this heat exchange is stored in the hot water storage tank through the heat recovery circulation channel. When the hot water storage tank is filled with hot water, the three-way valve is switched so that the heat recovery circulation channel and the bypass channel are communicated, and hot water from the hot water storage tank flows through the bypass channel and the radiator. The hot water (water) whose temperature has decreased is supplied to the heat exchanger, and heat exchange is performed between the hot water whose temperature has decreased in the heat exchanger and the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation passage.

特開２００４−２９６２６７号公報JP 2004-296267 A

しかしながら、上述した燃料電池システムでは、次のような問題がある。第１に、貯湯タンクから熱交換器に流れる水（温水）の流れを切り替えるための三方弁及びバイパス流路などを必要とするために、その構成が複雑になり、不具合の発生要因になるとともに、製造コストも高くなる問題がある。   However, the fuel cell system described above has the following problems. First, since a three-way valve and a bypass flow path for switching the flow of water (hot water) flowing from the hot water storage tank to the heat exchanger are required, the configuration becomes complicated and becomes a cause of malfunction. There is a problem that the manufacturing cost is also increased.

第２に、このような燃料電池システムでは、燃料電池本体及び貯湯装置などが収容ハウジングに収容されるが、この場合、収容ハウジング内が高温となるのを防止するために、収容ハウジングに換気口が設けられるとともに、この換気口に換気ファンが配設され、ラジエタに設けられるラジエタファンに加えて換気ファンを必要とし、このようなこと関連しても、その構成が複雑になるとともに、製造コストが高くなる問題がある。   Secondly, in such a fuel cell system, the fuel cell main body, the hot water storage device and the like are accommodated in the accommodating housing. In this case, in order to prevent the inside of the accommodating housing from becoming a high temperature, a ventilation port is provided in the accommodating housing. In addition to the radiator fan installed in the radiator, a ventilation fan is required, and the structure is complicated and the manufacturing cost is increased. There is a problem that becomes high.

本発明の目的は、貯湯装置に関連してその構成の簡略化を図るとともに、製造コストの低減を図ることができる燃料電池システムを提供することである。   The objective of this invention is providing the fuel cell system which can aim at the simplification of the structure in connection with a hot water storage apparatus, and can aim at reduction of manufacturing cost.

本発明の請求項１に記載の燃料電池システムは、燃料極及び酸素極における燃料電池反応により発電を行う燃料電池本体と、前記燃料電池本体の排熱を温水として回収する貯湯装置と、前記燃料電池本体及び前記貯湯装置を収容する収容ハウジングと、を備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記収容ハウジングには、外部の空気を前記収容ハウジング内に吸入するための吸気口が設けられているとともに、前記収容ハウジング内の空気を外部に排出ための排気口が設けられ、前記排気口に関連して、前記収容ハウジング内の空気を換気するための換気ファンが設けられており、
また、前記貯湯装置は、温水を貯めるための貯湯タンクと、前記燃料電池本体から流れる冷却水及び／又は排気ガスと前記貯湯タンクから流れる水との間で熱交換を行うための熱交換器と、前記熱交換器の上流側に配設されたラジエタと、前記貯湯タンク内の水を前記ラジエタ及び前記熱交換器を通して循環させるための熱回収循環流路と、を備え、前記ラジエタが前記収容ハウジングの前記吸気口の内側に配設されていることを特徴とする。 The fuel cell system according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a fuel cell main body that generates power by a fuel cell reaction at a fuel electrode and an oxygen electrode, a hot water storage device that recovers exhaust heat of the fuel cell main body as hot water, and the fuel A fuel cell system comprising a battery body and a housing for housing the hot water storage device,
The storage housing is provided with an intake port for sucking outside air into the storage housing, and an exhaust port for discharging the air inside the storage housing to the outside. Relatedly, a ventilation fan for ventilating the air in the housing is provided,
The hot water storage device includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cooling water and / or exhaust gas flowing from the fuel cell main body and the water flowing from the hot water storage tank. A radiator disposed on the upstream side of the heat exchanger, and a heat recovery circulation passage for circulating water in the hot water storage tank through the radiator and the heat exchanger, the radiator containing the housing It is arrange | positioned inside the said inlet port of a housing, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

また、本発明の請求項２に記載の燃料電池システムでは、前記吸気口の近傍、或いは前記ラジエタ又はその近傍に、前記収容ハウジング内の温度を維持するための温度維持用加熱ヒータが配設されていることを特徴とする。   In the fuel cell system according to claim 2 of the present invention, a temperature maintenance heater for maintaining the temperature in the housing is disposed in the vicinity of the intake port, or in the radiator or in the vicinity thereof. It is characterized by.

更に、本発明の請求項３に記載の燃料電池システムでは、前記吸気口は、前記収容ハウジングの一側壁の下部又は上部に設けられ、前記排気口は、前記収容ハウジングの前記一側壁と対向する他側壁の上部又は下部に設けられ、前記吸気口から流入した空気は、前記収容ハウジング内を前記排気口に向けて斜めに流れることを特徴とする。   Furthermore, in the fuel cell system according to claim 3 of the present invention, the intake port is provided at a lower portion or an upper portion of one side wall of the housing housing, and the exhaust port faces the one side wall of the housing housing. It is provided in the upper part or the lower part of the other side wall, and the air flowing in from the intake port flows obliquely in the housing housing toward the exhaust port.

本発明の請求項１に記載の燃料電池システムによれば、収容ハウジングには吸気口及び排気口が設けられ、この排気口に関連して換気ファンが設けられている。また、貯湯装置は、温水を貯めるための貯湯タンクと、貯湯タンクからの水との間で熱交換を行う熱交換器と、熱交換器の上流側に配設されたラジエタと、貯湯タンク内の水を循環させるための熱回収循環流路とを備え、貯湯タンクからの水がラジエタ及び熱交換器を通して循環されるように構成されているので、選択的にラジエタを通して水（温水）を流すための三方弁及びバイパス流路を必要とせず、貯湯装置に関連する構成の簡略化を図って製造コストを低減することができる。また、このラジエタが収容ハウジングの吸気口の内側に配設され、換気ファンによる吸気口を通しての空気の流れによってラジエタが冷却されるために、ラジエタファンなども必要とせず、このことに関連しても貯湯装置に関連する構成の簡略化、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。   According to the fuel cell system of the first aspect of the present invention, the housing housing is provided with the intake port and the exhaust port, and the ventilation fan is provided in association with the exhaust port. The hot water storage device includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the water from the hot water storage tank, a radiator disposed upstream of the heat exchanger, and a hot water storage tank. And a heat recovery circulation channel for circulating water, and the water from the hot water storage tank is circulated through the radiator and the heat exchanger, so that water (hot water) is selectively passed through the radiator. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by simplifying the configuration related to the hot water storage device without requiring a three-way valve and a bypass flow path. In addition, since this radiator is disposed inside the intake port of the housing housing and the radiator is cooled by the air flow through the intake port by the ventilation fan, a radiator fan or the like is not necessary, and in this connection In addition, the configuration related to the hot water storage apparatus can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

また、本発明の請求項２に記載の燃料電池システムによれば、吸気口の近傍（或いはラジエタ又はその近傍）に、温度維持用加熱ヒータが配設されているので、冬季などの大気の温度が低いときに換気ファンを作動させて収容ハウジング内を換気する際においても、この温度維持用加熱ヒータを作動させることにより、ラジエタ及びその近傍での凍結を防止することができる。また、収容ハウジング内の温度を維持するための温度維持用加熱ヒータを用いて加熱するので、凍結防止のための専用の加熱ヒータを設ける必要がなく、このことに関連しても構成の簡略化、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。   In the fuel cell system according to claim 2 of the present invention, the temperature maintaining heater is disposed in the vicinity of the intake port (or the radiator or the vicinity thereof). Even when the inside of the housing is ventilated by operating the ventilation fan when the temperature is low, it is possible to prevent freezing in the radiator and the vicinity thereof by operating the heater for maintaining the temperature. Further, since heating is performed using a temperature maintaining heater for maintaining the temperature in the housing, it is not necessary to provide a dedicated heater for preventing freezing, and the configuration is simplified in this connection. The manufacturing cost can be reduced.

更に、本発明の請求項３に記載の燃料電池システムによれば、吸気口は収容ハウジングの一側壁の下部（又は上部）に設けられ、排気口は収容ハウジングの他側壁の上部（又は下部）に設けられているので、吸気口から流入した空気は、換気ファンの作用によって、ラジエタの周囲を通り、この収容ハウジング内を斜めに流れて排気口から排出され、この空気の流れを利用して収容ハウジング内の換気とラジエタの冷却とを行うことができる。   Furthermore, according to the fuel cell system of the third aspect of the present invention, the intake port is provided in the lower part (or upper part) of one side wall of the housing housing, and the exhaust port is the upper part (or lower part) of the other side wall of the housing housing. The air that has flowed in from the air intake vent passes through the radiator, flows diagonally through the housing, and is discharged from the exhaust vent by the action of the ventilation fan. Ventilation in the housing and cooling of the radiator can be performed.

本発明に従う燃料電池システムの一実施形態の全体を示す簡略図。1 is a simplified diagram showing an entire embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention. 図１の燃料電池システムにおいて貯湯タンクが温水で満水になったときの運転状態を説明するための図。The figure for demonstrating the driving | running state when the hot water storage tank is filled with warm water in the fuel cell system of FIG.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明に従う燃料電池システムの一実施形態について説明する。図１において、図示の燃料電池システムは、燃料電池本体２、改質器４及び貯湯装置６を備え、これら燃料電池本体２、改質器４及び貯湯装置６が箱状の収容ハウジング８内に所要の通りに収容されている。燃料電池本体２は、燃料極１０及び空気極１２を有し、燃料極１０及び空気極１２の酸化及び還元による燃料電池反応（所謂、電気化学反応）によって発電を行う。このような燃料電池本体２は、電解質として高分子電解質膜を用いる固体高分子形のもの（ＰＥＦＣ）、電解質としてイオン伝導性セラミックスを用いるもの（ＳＯＦＣ）などを用いることができる。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIG. 1, the illustrated fuel cell system includes a fuel cell main body 2, a reformer 4, and a hot water storage device 6, and the fuel cell main body 2, the reformer 4, and the hot water storage device 6 are contained in a box-shaped housing housing 8. Contained as required. The fuel cell body 2 includes a fuel electrode 10 and an air electrode 12, and generates power by a fuel cell reaction (so-called electrochemical reaction) by oxidation and reduction of the fuel electrode 10 and the air electrode 12. Such a fuel cell main body 2 may be a solid polymer type (PEFC) using a polymer electrolyte membrane as an electrolyte, or an ion conductive ceramic (SOFC) using an electrolyte.

この燃料電池本体２の燃料極１０の導入側は、改質ガス送給流路１４を介して改質器４に接続され、この改質器４は、燃料ガス供給流路１６を介して燃料ガスを供給するための燃料ガス供給源（図示せず）に接続されている。この燃料ガス供給源としては、例えば、埋設管、貯蔵タンクなどであり、このような燃料ガス供給源から燃料ガスとしての例えば都市ガスが供給される。燃料ガス供給流路１６には、燃料ガスを改質器４に向けて供給するための燃料供給ポンプ１８が配設されているとともに、この燃料供給ポンプ１８の上流側に、燃料ガスの供給、供給停止を行うための燃料開閉弁２０が配設されている。   An introduction side of the fuel electrode 10 of the fuel cell main body 2 is connected to the reformer 4 via a reformed gas supply channel 14, and the reformer 4 is connected to the fuel via a fuel gas supply channel 16. It is connected to a fuel gas supply source (not shown) for supplying gas. Examples of the fuel gas supply source include a buried pipe, a storage tank, and the like. For example, city gas as fuel gas is supplied from the fuel gas supply source. The fuel gas supply channel 16 is provided with a fuel supply pump 18 for supplying the fuel gas toward the reformer 4, and the fuel gas is supplied to the upstream side of the fuel supply pump 18. A fuel on / off valve 20 for stopping supply is provided.

また、改質器４は、改質水を気化させるための水蒸気発生部２２と、燃料ガスを改質するための改質部２４とを備え、改質部２４には、燃料ガスを水蒸気改質するための改質触媒（図示せず）が充填されている。改質器４の水蒸気発生部２２には燃料ガス供給流路１６が接続され、その改質部２４には改質ガス送給流路１４が接続されている。また、改質器４の水蒸気発生部２２は水供給流路２６を介して水タンク２８に接続され、この水供給流路２８に改質水を改質器４に供給するための水供給ポンプ３０が配設されている。   The reformer 4 also includes a steam generation unit 22 for vaporizing the reformed water and a reforming unit 24 for reforming the fuel gas. The reformer 24 converts the fuel gas into steam reformer. A reforming catalyst (not shown) for charging is filled. A fuel gas supply channel 16 is connected to the water vapor generating section 22 of the reformer 4, and a reformed gas supply channel 14 is connected to the reforming section 24. Further, the water vapor generation unit 22 of the reformer 4 is connected to a water tank 28 via a water supply channel 26, and a water supply pump for supplying reformed water to the reformer 4 through the water supply channel 28. 30 is disposed.

このように構成されているので、水タンク２８内の改質水は、水供給ポンプ３０によって水供給流路２６を通して改質器４の水蒸気発生部２２に供給され、この水蒸気発生部２２にて気化されて水蒸気となる。また、燃料ガス供給源（図示せず）からの燃料ガスは、燃料供給ポンプ１８によって燃料ガス供給流路１６を通して改質器４の水蒸気発生部２２に供給され、この水蒸気発生部２２にて水蒸気と混合され、この混合ガスが改質部２４に送給される。改質器４の改質部２４では、燃料ガスが水蒸気改質され、水蒸気改質された改質ガスが改質ガス送給流路１４を通して燃料電池本体２の燃料極１０側に送給される。   Since it is configured in this way, the reformed water in the water tank 28 is supplied to the water vapor generation part 22 of the reformer 4 through the water supply flow path 26 by the water supply pump 30, and in this water vapor generation part 22 Vaporized into steam. In addition, fuel gas from a fuel gas supply source (not shown) is supplied to the water vapor generation part 22 of the reformer 4 through the fuel gas supply flow path 16 by the fuel supply pump 18. The mixed gas is supplied to the reforming unit 24. In the reforming unit 24 of the reformer 4, the fuel gas is steam reformed, and the steam reformed reformed gas is fed to the fuel electrode 10 side of the fuel cell body 2 through the reformed gas feed channel 14. The

また、燃料ガス本体２の空気極１２の導入側は空気供給流路３２を介して空気ブロア３４に接続されている。尚、この空気ブロア３４の配設部位に対応して、収容ハウジング８の所定部位、例えば一側壁３６の上部に吸入口３８が設けられている。このように構成されているので、外部の空気は、空気ブロア３４により収容ハウジング８の吸入口３８を通して吸入された後に、空気供給流路３２を通して燃料電池本体２の空気極１２側に供給される。   The introduction side of the air electrode 12 of the fuel gas main body 2 is connected to an air blower 34 via an air supply passage 32. A suction port 38 is provided at a predetermined portion of the housing 8, for example, at an upper portion of the one side wall 36, corresponding to the location of the air blower 34. With this configuration, the external air is sucked through the suction port 38 of the housing 8 by the air blower 34 and then supplied to the air electrode 12 side of the fuel cell main body 2 through the air supply channel 32. .

燃料電池本体２の燃料極１０側には上述したようにして改質ガスが送給され、またその空気極１２側には上述したようにして空気が送給され、この燃料電池本体２の燃料極１０及び空気極１２の酸化及び還元による燃料電池反応（所謂、電気化学反応）によって発電が行われる。   The reformed gas is supplied to the fuel electrode 10 side of the fuel cell body 2 as described above, and the air is supplied to the air electrode 12 side as described above. Power generation is performed by a fuel cell reaction (so-called electrochemical reaction) by oxidation and reduction of the electrode 10 and the air electrode 12.

燃料電池本体２の燃料極１０からの反応燃料ガスは、反応ガス排出流路４０を通して大気中に排出される。また、その空気極１２からの反応空気は、反応空気排出流路４２を通して大気中に排出される。本明細書において「排気ガス」とは、反応燃料ガス及び反応空気を含む概念として用いている。   The reaction fuel gas from the fuel electrode 10 of the fuel cell main body 2 is discharged into the atmosphere through the reaction gas discharge channel 40. Further, the reaction air from the air electrode 12 is discharged into the atmosphere through the reaction air discharge channel 42. In this specification, “exhaust gas” is used as a concept including reaction fuel gas and reaction air.

この燃料電池システムでは、燃料電池本体２を冷却するための冷却手段４６が設けられている。冷却手段４６は、冷却水を収容する冷却水タンク４８と、冷却水タンク４８内の冷却水を燃料電池本体２の冷却部５０を通して循環するための冷却水循環流路５２とを備え、冷却水循環流路５２に冷却水循環ポンプ５４が配設されている。このように構成されているので、冷却水タンク４８内の冷却水は、冷却水循環ポンプ５４により冷却水循環流路５２を通して循環され、かく循環される冷却水によって、燃料電池本体２の冷却部５０が冷却される。   In this fuel cell system, a cooling means 46 for cooling the fuel cell main body 2 is provided. The cooling means 46 includes a cooling water tank 48 that contains cooling water, and a cooling water circulation passage 52 for circulating the cooling water in the cooling water tank 48 through the cooling unit 50 of the fuel cell main body 2. A cooling water circulation pump 54 is disposed in the passage 52. With this configuration, the cooling water in the cooling water tank 48 is circulated through the cooling water circulation passage 52 by the cooling water circulation pump 54, and the cooling water 50 is circulated so that the cooling unit 50 of the fuel cell main body 2 is circulated. To be cooled.

貯湯装置６は、温水を貯めるための貯湯タンク５６と、貯湯タンク５６内の水（温水）を循環させて熱回収を行う熱回収循環流路５８とを備え、この熱回収循環流路５８に第１熱交換器６０及び第２熱交換器６２が配設され、更に貯湯タンク５６内の水（温水）を送給するための水循環ポンプ６４、熱回収開閉弁６５及びラジエタ６６が配設されている。第１熱交換器６０は、冷却手段４６に関連して設けられ、熱回収循環流路５８を流れる水（温水）と冷却水循環流路５２を流れる冷却水との間で熱交換する。また、第２熱交換器６２は、燃料電池本体２の排出側に関連して設けられ、反応ガス排出流路４０を通して流れる反応燃料ガス及び反応空気排出流路４２を通して流れる反応空気（排気ガス）と熱回収循環流路５８を流れる水（温水）との間で熱交換を行う。また、ラジエタ６６は熱回収循環流路５８を流れる水（温水）を後述する如く冷却し、熱回収開閉弁６５は、貯湯タンク５６からの水（温水）の送給、送給停止を行う。   The hot water storage device 6 includes a hot water storage tank 56 for storing hot water, and a heat recovery circulation channel 58 for recovering heat by circulating water (hot water) in the hot water storage tank 56. A first heat exchanger 60 and a second heat exchanger 62 are disposed, and further, a water circulation pump 64 for supplying water (hot water) in the hot water storage tank 56, a heat recovery on-off valve 65, and a radiator 66 are disposed. ing. The first heat exchanger 60 is provided in association with the cooling means 46, and exchanges heat between water (hot water) flowing through the heat recovery circulation channel 58 and cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation channel 52. The second heat exchanger 62 is provided in association with the discharge side of the fuel cell body 2, and the reaction fuel gas flowing through the reaction gas discharge channel 40 and the reaction air (exhaust gas) flowing through the reaction air discharge channel 42. And water (hot water) flowing through the heat recovery circulation channel 58 are exchanged. The radiator 66 cools water (hot water) flowing through the heat recovery circulation channel 58 as described later, and the heat recovery on / off valve 65 supplies and stops the supply of water (hot water) from the hot water storage tank 56.

この貯湯タンク５６の底部には、例えば水道水を供給するための水補給流路６８が設けられ、この水補給流路６８に補給開閉弁７０が配設されている。また、貯湯タンク５６の上端部には出湯流路７２が接続され、貯湯タンク５６内の温水が出湯流路７２を通して出湯される。   At the bottom of the hot water storage tank 56, for example, a water supply channel 68 for supplying tap water is provided, and a supply opening / closing valve 70 is provided in the water supply channel 68. Further, a hot water flow path 72 is connected to the upper end portion of the hot water storage tank 56, and hot water in the hot water storage tank 56 is discharged through the hot water flow path 72.

このように構成されているので、貯湯タンク５６内の水（温水）は、水循環ポンプ６４により熱回収循環流路５８、ラジエタ６６、第１熱交換器６０及び第２熱交換器６２を通して循環され、第１熱交換器６０にて冷却水循環流路５２を流れる冷却水との間での熱交換により加温され、また第２熱交換器６２にて反応ガス排出流路４０を通して流れる反応燃料ガス及び反応空気排出流路４２を通して流れる反応空気との間の熱交換により加温され、このように加温された温水が貯湯タンク５６に貯えられる。尚、第２熱交換器６２での熱交換により、反応燃料ガス及び反応空気（排気ガス）に含まれる水分が凝縮され、かく凝縮した凝縮水は、水回収流路７３を通して水タンク２８に回収され、かく回収された凝縮水が改質水として用いられる。   With this configuration, the water (hot water) in the hot water storage tank 56 is circulated through the heat recovery circulation channel 58, the radiator 66, the first heat exchanger 60, and the second heat exchanger 62 by the water circulation pump 64. The reaction fuel gas heated by the heat exchange with the cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation passage 52 in the first heat exchanger 60 and flowing through the reaction gas discharge passage 40 in the second heat exchanger 62 The hot water heated by the heat exchange with the reaction air flowing through the reaction air discharge channel 42 is stored in the hot water storage tank 56. The water contained in the reaction fuel gas and the reaction air (exhaust gas) is condensed by heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 62, and the condensed water thus condensed is recovered in the water tank 28 through the water recovery passage 73. The condensed water thus recovered is used as reforming water.

この燃料電池システムでは、更に、次のように構成されている。この実施形態では、収容ハウジング８の上記一側壁３６の下部に吸気口７４が設けられ、この吸気口７４の内側にラジエタ６６が配置されている。また、収容ハウジング８のこの一側壁３６と対向する他側壁７６の上部に排気口７８が設けられ、この排気口７８に関連して、この形態ではその内側に換気ファン８０が配設されている。   This fuel cell system is further configured as follows. In this embodiment, an air inlet 74 is provided in the lower part of the one side wall 36 of the housing 8, and a radiator 66 is disposed inside the air inlet 74. In addition, an exhaust port 78 is provided in the upper portion of the other side wall 76 facing the one side wall 36 of the housing 8, and in relation to the exhaust port 78, a ventilation fan 80 is disposed inside the exhaust port 78. .

このように構成されているので、収容ハウジング８内の温度が上昇して空気の換気が必要になると、換気ファン８０が作動して収容ハウジング８内の換気が行われる。図２をも参照して、換気ファン８０が作動すると、収容ハウジング８内の空気が矢印８２で示すように排気口７８を通して外部に排出され、これに伴い、矢印８４で示すように吸気口７４を通して外気が導入される。そして、吸気口７４を通して導入された空気は、図２に破線矢印で示すように排気口７４に向けて斜め上方に流れ、かく流れる空気流によって収容ハウジング８内が所要の通りに換気冷却され、例えば収容ハウジング８内に内蔵された制御機器類８５（制御基板類）などが冷却される。   With this configuration, when the temperature in the housing 8 rises and air ventilation is required, the ventilation fan 80 is activated to ventilate the housing 8. Referring also to FIG. 2, when the ventilation fan 80 is operated, the air in the housing housing 8 is discharged to the outside through the exhaust port 78 as indicated by the arrow 82, and accordingly, the intake port 74 is indicated as indicated by the arrow 84. Outside air is introduced through. Then, the air introduced through the intake port 74 flows obliquely upward toward the exhaust port 74 as indicated by a broken line arrow in FIG. 2, and the inside of the housing 8 is ventilated and cooled as required by the flowing air flow, For example, the control devices 85 (control boards) built in the housing 8 are cooled.

この実施形態では、更に、収容ハウジング８の温度を維持するための温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６が設けられ、この温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６が吸気口７４の近傍（図示の形態では、収容ハウジング８の上記一側壁３６の内側における吸気口７４の下側）に配設されている。従って、収容ハウジング８内の温度が低いときには、この温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６が付勢され、温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６からの熱により収容ハウジング８内が温められる。この温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６は、後に説明する理由により、ラジエタ６６に直接的に取り付けるようにしてもよく、又はこのラジエタ６６の近傍に配設するようにしてもよい。   In this embodiment, a temperature maintaining heater 86 for maintaining the temperature of the housing 8 is further provided, and the temperature maintaining heater 86 is provided in the vicinity of the intake port 74 (in the illustrated form, the housing housing 8 It is disposed on the inner side of the one side wall 36 below the intake port 74. Therefore, when the temperature inside the housing 8 is low, the temperature maintaining heater 86 is energized, and the inside of the housing 8 is warmed by the heat from the temperature maintaining heater 86. The temperature maintaining heater 86 may be directly attached to the radiator 66 or may be disposed in the vicinity of the radiator 66 for the reason described later.

この燃料電池システムでは、貯湯タンク５６内が温水により満水状態になると、貯湯タンク５６から第１熱交換器６０に流れる温水の温度を下げた後に排熱の回収が行われるように構成されている。即ち、このときには、換気ファン８０が作動して収容ハウジング８内の換気が行われ、この換気の際に吸気口７４からの空気は、ラジエタ６６の周囲を通って下流側に流れる。従って、貯湯タンク５６からの温水がラジエタ６６を流れる際に、吸気口７４から流入する空気により冷却され、このようにして温度が下がった温水が熱回収循環流路５８、第１熱交換器６０及び第２熱交換器５２を通して流れる。それ故に、第１熱交換器６０での上述した熱交換が可能となり、また第２熱交換器６２での上述した熱交換が可能となり、貯湯タンク５６が温水で満水状態であっても燃料電池本体２からの排熱の回収を所要の通りに行うことができる。   In this fuel cell system, when the hot water tank 56 is filled with hot water, exhaust heat is recovered after the temperature of the hot water flowing from the hot water tank 56 to the first heat exchanger 60 is lowered. . That is, at this time, the ventilation fan 80 is operated to ventilate the housing housing 8, and air from the intake port 74 flows downstream through the periphery of the radiator 66 during this ventilation. Accordingly, when the hot water from the hot water storage tank 56 flows through the radiator 66, it is cooled by the air flowing in from the intake port 74, and the hot water whose temperature has been lowered in this way is the heat recovery circulation channel 58, the first heat exchanger 60. And through the second heat exchanger 52. Therefore, the above-described heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 60 is possible, and the above-described heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 62 is possible. Even when the hot water storage tank 56 is full of hot water, the fuel cell Recovery of exhaust heat from the main body 2 can be performed as required.

このような排熱回収動作では、換気ファン８０の作動により生じる空気流によって、ラジエタ６６を流れる温水（即ち、貯湯タンク５６からの温水）の温度を下げているので、従来のラジエタに設けられていたラジエタファンを省略することができ、貯湯装置６に関連する構成の簡略化、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。また、このようなラジエタ６６の配置接続構造では、熱回収循環流路５８をバイパスしてバイパス流路を設ける必要がなく、更に流路を選択的に切り替えるための三方弁なども必要とせず、これによっても、貯湯装置６に関連する構成の簡略化、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。加えて、このラジエタ６６が収容ハウジング８の吸気口７４の内側に配設されているので、吸気口７４を通して流入する空気流によってラジエタ６６を効果的に冷却することができる。   In such an exhaust heat recovery operation, the temperature of the hot water flowing through the radiator 66 (that is, the hot water from the hot water storage tank 56) is lowered by the air flow generated by the operation of the ventilation fan 80, so that it is provided in the conventional radiator. Further, the radiator fan can be omitted, and the configuration related to the hot water storage device 6 can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, in such an arrangement connection structure of the radiator 66, it is not necessary to bypass the heat recovery circulation channel 58 and provide a bypass channel, and further, a three-way valve for selectively switching the channel is not required, Also by this, the structure relevant to the hot water storage apparatus 6 can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, since the radiator 66 is disposed inside the intake port 74 of the housing 8, the radiator 66 can be effectively cooled by the air flow flowing through the intake port 74.

また、冬季などの外気が冷たいときに換気ファン８０を作動させて収容ハウジング８内を換気するときには、収容ハウジング８の吸気口７４を通して流入する空気流によりラジエタ６６が過冷却され、この過冷却により貯湯タンク５６からの水がラジエタ６６にて凍結するおそれがある。このような場合、温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６が作動され、この温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６からの熱によりラジエタ６６が加熱され、このように制御することによって、ラジエタ６６を流れる水が凍結するのを防止することができる。このような構成では、収容ハウジング８内の温度を維持するための温度維持用加熱ヒータ８６を用いてラジエタ６６での凍結防止を行っているので、凍結防止の専用ヒータを設ける必要はなく、このことに関連しても、構成の簡略化、製造コストの低減を図ることができる。   In addition, when the outside of the housing 8 is ventilated by operating the ventilation fan 80 when the outside air is cold, such as in winter, the radiator 66 is supercooled by the air flow flowing through the intake port 74 of the housing 8, and this overcooling causes There is a possibility that water from the hot water storage tank 56 is frozen by the radiator 66. In such a case, the temperature maintaining heater 86 is actuated, and the radiator 66 is heated by the heat from the temperature maintaining heater 86. By controlling in this way, the water flowing through the radiator 66 is frozen. Can be prevented. In such a configuration, the temperature maintaining heater 86 for maintaining the temperature in the housing 8 is used to prevent freezing in the radiator 66, so there is no need to provide a dedicated antifreezing heater. Even in this case, the configuration can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

以上、本発明に従う燃料電池システムの一実施形態について説明したが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく種々の変更乃至修正が可能である。   As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the fuel cell system according to the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and various changes or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

例えば、上述した実施形態では、第１熱交換器６０にて燃料電池本体２の冷却水との間で熱交換を行って排熱を回収するとともに、第２熱交換器６２にて燃料電池本体２の反応燃料ガス及び反応空気（排気ガス）との間で熱交換を行って排熱を回収しているが、これらの排熱の一方、即ち冷却水からの排熱又は反応燃料ガス及び反応空気（排気ガス）からの排熱（排気ガスとして反応燃料ガス又は反応空気からの排熱でもよい）を回収するようにしてもよい。   For example, in the above-described embodiment, the first heat exchanger 60 performs heat exchange with the cooling water of the fuel cell main body 2 to recover the exhaust heat, and the second heat exchanger 62 performs the fuel cell main body. Exhaust heat is recovered by exchanging heat between the reaction fuel gas 2 and reaction air (exhaust gas). One of these exhaust heats, that is, exhaust heat from the cooling water or reaction fuel gas and reaction. Exhaust heat from air (exhaust gas) (reactive fuel gas or exhaust heat from reaction air may be used as exhaust gas) may be recovered.

また、例えば、上述した実施形態では、燃料ガスとして例えば都市ガスを用いているために、収容ハウジング８の一側壁３６の下部に吸気口７４を設け、その他側壁７６の上部に排気口７８を設けているが、燃料ガスとして例えばＬＰガスを用いる場合、収容ハウジング８の一側壁３６の上部に吸気口７４が設けられ、その他側壁７６の下部に排気口７８が設けられる。   Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, for example, city gas is used as the fuel gas. Therefore, the intake port 74 is provided in the lower part of the one side wall 36 of the housing housing 8, and the exhaust port 78 is provided in the upper part of the other side wall 76. However, when LP gas is used as the fuel gas, for example, an intake port 74 is provided on the upper side of the one side wall 36 of the housing housing 8, and an exhaust port 78 is provided on the lower side of the other side wall 76.

更に、例えば上述した実施形態では、貯湯装置６の貯湯タンク５６を収容ハウジング８内に収容されているが、燃料電池本体２を収容する収容ハウジング８と別個に貯湯ハウジング（図示せず）を設け、この貯湯ハウジング内に貯湯装置６の貯湯タンク５６を収容するようにしてもよい。   Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, the hot water storage tank 56 of the hot water storage device 6 is accommodated in the accommodating housing 8, but a hot water storage housing (not shown) is provided separately from the accommodating housing 8 that accommodates the fuel cell main body 2. The hot water storage tank 56 of the hot water storage device 6 may be accommodated in the hot water storage housing.

２ 燃料電池本体
４ 改質器
６ 貯湯装置
８ 収容ハウジング
５６ 貯湯タンク
５８ 熱回収循環流路
６０，６２ 熱交換器
６６ ラジエタ
７４ 吸気口
７６ 排気口
８０ 換気ファン
８６ 温度維持用加熱ヒータ

2 Fuel Cell Body 4 Reformer 6 Hot Water Storage Device 8 Housing Housing 56 Hot Water Storage Tank 58 Heat Recovery Circulation Channel 60, 62 Heat Exchanger 66 Radiator 74 Intake Port 76 Exhaust Port 80 Ventilation Fan 86 Heating Heater

Claims (3)

燃料極及び酸素極における燃料電池反応により発電を行う燃料電池本体と、前記燃料電池本体の排熱を温水として回収する貯湯装置と、前記燃料電池本体及び前記貯湯装置を収容する収容ハウジングと、を備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記収容ハウジングには、外部の空気を前記収容ハウジング内に吸入するための吸気口が設けられているとともに、前記収容ハウジング内の空気を外部に排出ための排気口が設けられ、前記排気口に関連して、前記収容ハウジング内の空気を換気するための換気ファンが設けられており、
また、前記貯湯装置は、温水を貯めるための貯湯タンクと、前記燃料電池本体から流れる冷却水及び／又は排気ガスと前記貯湯タンクから流れる水との間で熱交換を行うための熱交換器と、前記熱交換器の上流側に配設されたラジエタと、前記貯湯タンク内の水を前記ラジエタ及び前記熱交換器を通して循環させるための熱回収循環流路と、を備え、前記ラジエタが前記収容ハウジングの前記吸気口の内側に配設されていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell main body that generates power by a fuel cell reaction at the fuel electrode and the oxygen electrode; a hot water storage device that recovers exhaust heat from the fuel cell main body as hot water; and a housing that houses the fuel cell main body and the hot water storage device. A fuel cell system comprising:
The storage housing is provided with an intake port for sucking outside air into the storage housing, and an exhaust port for discharging the air inside the storage housing to the outside. Relatedly, a ventilation fan for ventilating the air in the housing is provided,
The hot water storage device includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cooling water and / or exhaust gas flowing from the fuel cell main body and the water flowing from the hot water storage tank. A radiator disposed on the upstream side of the heat exchanger, and a heat recovery circulation passage for circulating water in the hot water storage tank through the radiator and the heat exchanger, the radiator containing the housing A fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system is disposed inside the intake port of a housing. 前記吸気口の近傍、或いは前記ラジエタ又はその近傍に、前記収容ハウジング内の温度を維持するための温度維持用加熱ヒータが配設されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池システム。   2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a heater for maintaining a temperature for maintaining a temperature in the housing is disposed in the vicinity of the intake port or in the radiator or in the vicinity thereof. . 前記吸気口は、前記収容ハウジングの一側壁の下部又は上部に設けられ、前記排気口は、前記収容ハウジングの前記一側壁と対向する他側壁の上部又は下部に設けられ、前記吸気口から流入した空気は、前記収容ハウジング内を前記排気口に向けて斜めに流れることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の燃料電池システム。
The intake port is provided at a lower portion or an upper portion of one side wall of the housing housing, and the exhaust port is provided at an upper portion or a lower portion of the other side wall facing the one side wall of the housing housing, and flows from the intake port. 3. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein air flows obliquely inside the housing housing toward the exhaust port. 4.
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