JP2019164134A - Rain gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a rain gauge that can accurately measure the amount of rainfall, has a low-profile and compact housing, and is less affected by a wind pressure or fallen objects such as fallen leaves.SOLUTION: The rain gauge includes: a water collection unit 12 for collecting rain water having fallen into a water receiving opening 11; a cylindrical unit 13 for dropping the rain water collected by the water collection unit 12; a detection unit 14 for detecting the water droplet dropping from the cylindrical unit 13; and a calculation unit 17 for calculating the precipitation amount on the basis of the detection result. The cylindrical unit 13 includes a narrow pipe unit 18 and a water permeable drop unit 19 disposed inside it, and drops the water droplet from the lower end of the drop unit 19.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a rain gauge.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various rain gauges that measure rainfall by electronic measuring means have been provided. For example, the overturning mass type rain gauge shown in Patent Document 1 drops rainwater that has entered the receiving funnel into the overturning mass. The overturning mass has a symmetrical weighing mass that stores rainwater, and is supported by a bearing so as to be able to fall over. Each time a prescribed amount of rainwater is stored in one of the weighing cells, each weighing cell is alternately turned over, and an electric switch provided corresponding to each weighing cell is pressed. Thereby, the rainfall can be automatically measured by counting the detection pulses from the electric switch.

In addition, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is also known to measure the amount of rain by dropping rainwater from a storage tank into an oil tank and counting the number of water droplets.
Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, a rain gauge including a measurement circuit (measuring unit) that measures instantaneous rainfall (change in rainfall) at the time of measurement from a dropping time interval of water drops dripping through a thin tube has been proposed.

Further, as in Patent Document 4, a transparent pipe-shaped flow guide that communicates with the lower end of a funnel-shaped rain collector is provided, and inside the flow guide in the outside of the upper and lower intermediate portions of the flow guide. There has also been proposed a rain gauge comprising a passage sensor that optically detects raindrops flowing down and outputs a signal, and a discriminating means that operates in conjunction with the signal from the passage sensor.

However, particularly in recent years, intensive torrential rains may occur, and precipitation may exceed 30 mm for a maximum of 10 minutes or precipitation may exceed 100 mm for a maximum of one hour. In the case of such heavy rain, in the falling mass type rain gauge as in Patent Document 1 described above, the movement of the falling mass cannot follow the increase in the rainfall, and there is a possibility that overflow occurs and the movable part is Therefore, there is a risk that deterioration and parts consumption may occur. Moreover, in the rain gauge of patent documents 2-4, since it is what detects the water drop dripping through a thin tube, when it becomes a continuous flow of water without becoming a water drop, it cannot measure. However, in the case of heavy rain, there is a risk that measurement will not be possible due to a continuous flow of water instead of water droplets. Also, even in the case of water drops, as the amount of water drops per drop as the drop time interval of water drops dripping through the narrow tube decreases as the amount of rainfall increases, There is a risk that it will not be possible to know the exact amount of rainfall simply by measuring the dropping time interval and frequency.

In Patent Documents 5 and 6, it is shown that a porous body such as a sponge is used as a member for adjusting the volume of falling water droplets. Moreover, in patent document 7, the cross-sectional area becomes small toward the downward direction, and the lower end has shown the porous body which has a dome shape.
However, a porous body such as a sponge has a problem that the volume of water droplets and the interval of falling easily change due to the influence of the wind, for example, if the wind is too strong, water drops do not form a continuous flow. . The dome shape of Patent Document 7 has a height exceeding 50 when its diameter is 100, and the volume of water drops tends to be small. There is a problem that the instability of the volume and the falling interval appears more remarkably.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-19477 JP-A-6-66956 JP 2003-172786 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-29431 JP 2009-156865 A International Publication No. 99/021031 U.S. Pat. No. 4,520,667

It is an object of the present invention to provide a rain gauge that can measure a more accurate rainfall regardless of a change in rainfall.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a rain gauge that is capable of measuring an accurate rainfall amount with a short and compact casing that is less affected by falling objects such as wind pressure and fallen leaves.
Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to provide the rain gauge which can suppress the bad influence by a wind.

The present invention provides a water receiving opening that has a certain opening area and is open to receive rain water, a water collecting part that collects rain water falling in the water receiving opening, and a water collecting part that collects rain water. A rain gauge comprising: a cylindrical portion that drops the rainwater that is dropped, a detection portion that detects a water drop dripping from the cylindrical portion, and a calculation portion that calculates precipitation based on a detection result detected by the detection portion Is to improve. In the rain gauge of the present invention, the tubular portion includes a narrow tube portion and a water-permeable dropping portion provided in the narrow tube portion. And it is comprised so that a water drop may be dripped from the lower end of the said dripping part.
The lower end of the dripping portion has a cross-sectional area that decreases as it goes downward, and has a dome shape whose outer periphery is curved in a longitudinal cross-sectional view, and the dome shape has a diameter of 100. The height is 10-40.
In particular, it can be implemented as a sheet body having water permeability disposed on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the dropping section. And you may arrange | position a cotton-like body between the said sheet | seat body of an upper end surface and a lower end surface. Further, both the upper end surface and the lower end surface have a dome shape whose outer peripheral surface is a curved surface shape, and may be formed as a convex lens as a whole.

In the present invention, the cylindrical part is provided in the water collecting part, and the water collecting part is funnel-shaped or provided with a separate second water collecting part downstream of the funnel shape. Although it does not matter, it can be made compact by configuring as follows.
That is, a cylindrical casing, a drainage portion disposed on at least a part of a lower end surface of the casing, and the casing on the placement surface in a state where at least the drainage portion is spaced from the placement surface of the casing. The water receiving opening is open at the upper end of the casing, the water collecting portion is a funnel portion disposed in the casing, and the tubular portion is the funnel. It is arrange | positioned at the lower end of a part, The said detection part shall be arrange | positioned between the said drainage part and the said cylindrical part in the said casing.

The present invention has been able to provide a rain gauge that can measure more accurate rainfall regardless of changes in rainfall.
In addition, the present invention has been able to provide a rain gauge that is capable of measuring an accurate rainfall amount with a short and compact casing and less affected by falling objects such as wind pressure and fallen leaves.
The present invention has been able to provide a rain gauge that can suppress the adverse effects of wind.

(A) Internal structure explanatory drawing of the rain gauge which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (B) The principal part enlarged view. (C) The principal part enlarged view which shows the example of a change. The graph which shows the relationship between the time interval T1 in the rain gauge which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the weight per water drop. The internal structure explanatory drawing of the rain gauge which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. The internal structure explanatory drawing of the rain gauge which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
This rain gauge is provided with a cylindrical casing 20, and a water collecting part 12 (funnel part 24) is arranged at the upper part inside thereof. The upper end of the casing 20 is open, and this opening constitutes the water receiving opening 11, and the funnel portion 24 is mounted therein. The funnel portion 24 is provided with a substantially inverted conical slope whose inner diameter becomes smaller as it goes downward, and its lower end is a cylindrical portion 13. The tubular portion 13 includes a narrow tube portion 18 having a small diameter and an upper tube portion 25 protruding upward from the lower end of the funnel portion 24, and a dropping portion 19 is disposed at the lower end of the narrow tube portion 18. ing. For example, a plurality of round hole-shaped water passage portions 26 are formed in the upper tube portion 25. A plurality of the water passage portions 26 are opened in the circumferential direction and the height direction, respectively, and in the illustrated example, three water passage portions 26 are provided vertically. Of these, the lowermost water passing portion 26 is located at the same height as the lower end of the funnel portion 24, and rainwater collected by the funnel portion 24 usually passes through the lowermost water passing portion 26 from the lower end. It enters into the narrow tube part 18. The other water flow portion 26 (the uppermost and middle water flow portion 26 in the example in the figure) is located in the upper tube portion 25 above the lower end of the funnel portion 24. As a result, even if fallen objects such as fallen leaves accumulate inside the funnel portion 24, rainwater can be introduced into the interior from the water passage portion 26. In addition, since the upper cylinder part 25 enables rainwater to be introduced into the inside from above the lower end of the funnel part 24 and protects the dripping part 19, the cylinder provided with an opening such as a net or punching metal It can also be constituted by a body.

An upper sheet 31 and a lower sheet 32 are provided on the upper and lower end surfaces of the dropping unit 19.
Further, in the example of FIG. 1B, a cotton-like body is disposed between the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32. This cotton-like body is a lump with many fibers entangled. In this embodiment, cotton cotton is used, but it is made of cotton of other materials such as synthetic fiber cotton. You can also Since the cotton-like body is entangled with a large number of fibers, and is preferably made of slightly compressed cotton, it can pass rainwater gradually, and of course the wind pressure from above the narrow tube portion 18 by wind. Even when the pressure increases, the pressure is weakened by the intertwined fibers, and the influence of wind can be suppressed. When a porous material such as a sponge having water permeability is used, it is difficult to suppress the influence of wind, and the size of the dropped water droplets may not be stable. By using cotton, the size of the water droplets dripped could be stabilized.
In addition, although the dripping part 19 is not arrange | positioned inside the upper cylinder part 25, you may arrange | position. Moreover, in FIG. 1, although the lower end of the dripping part 19 protrudes rather than the lower end of the cylindrical part 13, you may fit in the inside of the cylindrical part 13 without exposing.

The dripping portion 19 has an upper sheet 31 and a lower sheet 32 arranged above and below, and a cotton-like body is enclosed between the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32, and is a convex lens shape as a whole. Make.
It is appropriate that the shape of the lower end of the dripping portion 19, in other words, the shape of the lower sheet 32 is a tapered shape in which the cross-sectional area becomes smaller as it goes downward, and the outer periphery thereof is curved in a longitudinal sectional view. A certain dome shape is preferable. As a result of the measurement, it was found that the dome-shaped form has more dripping water drops, and even when receiving a large amount of rainwater such as heavy rain, the dripping state is maintained without a continuous water flow. This is preferable in that it can be promoted.
When the diameter of the dome shape is 100, it is appropriate that the height is 10 to 40. When the diameter is less than 10, the location of the falling water droplet is unstable, and when the diameter exceeds 40, the height drops. The water droplets become too small, the size of the water droplets is not constant, and the measurement results may be uneasy.
In this example, the shape of the upper sheet 31 is substantially the same as the shape of the lower sheet 32, and is a dome shape whose cross-sectional area becomes smaller as it goes upward.
The upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32 can be implemented by selecting various materials as long as they are water-permeable sheets. For example, a woven or knitted sheet such as gauze can be used.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1 (C), the cotton sheet between the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32 can be omitted, and only the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32 can be used. At that time, the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32 may form a convex lens shape that swells up and down as a whole, but the upper sheet 31 and the lower sheet 32 are overlapped as shown in the figure. It doesn't matter.

A detection unit 14 is disposed below the cylindrical unit 13. The detection unit 14 is supported by a floor 21 disposed at the lower part of the casing 20. In this example, the floor 21 is supported so as to be disassembled above a donut-shaped bottom portion 27 provided with a drainage portion 22 such as a wire mesh in the center. The lower end of the casing 20 is detachably mounted on the bottom portion 27. A leg portion 23 is provided on the lower surface of the bottom portion 27, whereby the leg portion 23 is grounded on the placement surface, and the detection portion 14 is disposed at a position away from the placement surface, and rainwater is discharged from the drainage portion 22. Is surely drained.

The detection unit 14 detects a water droplet dropped from the dropping unit 19 with infrared rays or the like. The detection unit 14 includes a sensor 15 and a transparent tube 16, and the sensor 15 includes a light projecting unit including an infrared LED and a light receiving unit that detects infrared light, and includes a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit. It can be constituted by an optical passing sensor that detects that an object passes between them. Further, in order to protect the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit, a transparent tube 16 is disposed between the two as required. The water droplet passage signal detected by the sensor 15 is sent to the calculation unit 17 provided on the floor 21. In addition, this calculating part 17 can also be stored in the inside of the casing 20, and can also be arrange | positioned in remote positions, such as a room | chamber interior.
The calculation unit 17 can determine the amount of rainfall by performing one of the following calculations, and the user may be able to select it.

(Rainfall due to the drop time interval of water drops)
The amount of rainfall due to the drop time interval of the water drops is measured by measuring the time interval T1 from the detection of the drop of the water drop by the transparent tube 16 to the detection of the next drop and multiplying this by the volume V per drop and receiving this water. If it divides by the area S of the opening part 11 for work, it can be calculated | required in terms of the rainfall per hour.

Therefore, if T1 is a unit of second, it is possible to obtain the rainfall amount X1 per hour based on the water droplet dropping time interval by the following equation (1).
X1 = 3600 ・ V / (S ・ T1) …… (1)
At this time, according to the observation of the present inventor, stable water droplets having the same weight can be obtained when the time interval T1 is about 3 seconds or more, and the weight (volume V) per water droplet increases as the time interval becomes smaller. It was discovered. The specific gravity of water is 1, and can be converted into the volume V by the weight of the water droplets. However, at this time, correction may be performed by changing the specific gravity due to temperature. The relationship between the time interval T1 and the weight per water droplet is shown in the graph of FIG. The volume V per droplet known from the time interval T1 shown in the graph of FIG. 2, etc. according to the time interval T1, and the volume V per droplet are calculated using a predetermined function shown in the graph. Can be implemented.

(Rainfall per hour)
Further, based on the detection result of the water droplets as described above, the number n of water droplets is counted at a constant time interval T2, and the volume number n of the water droplets is multiplied by the number n of water droplets. Divide by area S to get precipitation per T2 hours. If this is multiplied by 1 hour / T2 hours, the precipitation amount X1 per hour can be measured. If T2 is a unit of seconds, it can be expressed by the following equation 2.

X2 = 3600 ・ V ・ n / (S ・ T2) …… (2)
As described above, in the rain gauge according to this embodiment, the estimated rainfall for one hour can be calculated simultaneously with the start of rain, and can be displayed on the screen of a display unit (not shown) provided indoors, etc. As described above, various utilization methods such as recording in a storage means or the like can be selectively performed.

In addition, it can be implemented by giving a warning to the displayed precipitation amount by coloring or blinking to alert.
In this rain gauge, by using a porous material, rain can be made into stable water droplets, and accurate precipitation can be derived.

In addition, since the detection unit has a simple structure that allows water droplets to flow down and has no mechanical structure, maintenance can be reduced, and since there is no moving part, there is no deterioration and no consumable parts, the reliability is very high. The water passing portion 26 also serves to dry the inside, and since the height of the casing 20 can be reduced to about 120 mm, there is little influence on the wind pressure, and it is also very effective as a lightning countermeasure. .

3 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the upper end of the dropping part 19 is different from that of the upper cylinder part 25 and the upper sheet 31 is made flat. is there. In this example, cotton cotton is compressed to 1 to 0.6 g / cm <2>.

Also, as shown in FIG. 4, a self-controllable heater 41 is provided on the lower surface of the funnel portion 24, and further a heat insulating material 42 is provided to melt the snow in the funnel portion 24 even during snowfall such as in cold regions. It can be carried out in such a way that snowfall can be measured as rainfall. Moreover, you may implement by providing the stand 43 for supporting the heat insulating material 42 as needed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Water-receiving opening part 12 Water collecting part 13 Tubular part 14 Detection part 15 Sensor 16 Transparent cylinder 17 Calculation part 18 Narrow pipe part 19 Dripping part 20 Casing 21 Floor 22 Drain part 23 Leg part 24 Funnel part 25 Upper cylinder part 26 Through Water part 27 Bottom part 31 Upper sheet 32 Upper sheet 41 Self-controllable heater 42 Insulating material 43 Stand

In addition, it can be implemented by giving a warning to the displayed precipitation amount by coloring or blinking to alert.
With this rain gauge, rain can be made into stable water droplets, and accurate precipitation can be derived.

Claims (4)

A water receiving opening that has a certain opening area and is open to receive rain water, a water collecting part that collects rain water that falls in the water receiving opening, and rain water collected in the water collecting part. In a rain gauge comprising a tubular portion to be dropped, a detection portion that detects a water drop dripping from the tubular portion, and a calculation portion that calculates precipitation based on a detection result detected by the detection portion,
The cylindrical portion includes a thin tube portion and a water-permeable dropping portion provided in the thin tube portion,
It is comprised so that a water drop may be dripped from the lower end of the dripping part,
The lower end of the dripping portion has a cross-sectional area that decreases as it goes downward, and has a dome shape whose outer periphery is curved in a longitudinal cross-sectional view,
The dome shape has a height of 10 to 40 when its diameter is 100. A water receiving opening that has a certain opening area and is open to receive rain water, a water collecting part that collects rain water that falls in the water receiving opening, and rain water collected in the water collecting part. In a rain gauge comprising a tubular portion to be dropped, a detection portion that detects a water drop dripping from the tubular portion, and a calculation portion that calculates precipitation based on a detection result detected by the detection portion,
A cylindrical casing;
A drainage section disposed on at least a part of the lower end surface of the casing;
A leg portion for grounding the casing on the placement surface in a state where at least the drainage portion is spaced from the placement surface of the casing;
The water receiving opening is open at the upper end of the casing;
The water collecting portion is a funnel portion disposed in the casing;
The cylindrical portion is disposed at the lower end of the funnel portion,
The detection part is disposed between the drainage part and the cylindrical part in the casing,
The cylindrical portion includes a narrow tube portion and a water-permeable dropping portion provided in the narrow tube portion,
It is comprised so that a water drop may be dripped from the lower end of the dripping part,
The lower end of the dripping portion has a cross-sectional area that decreases as it goes downward, and has a dome shape whose outer periphery is curved in a longitudinal cross-sectional view,
The dome shape has a height of 10 to 40 when its diameter is 100. The rain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the dripping portion includes a sheet body having water permeability disposed on an upper end surface and a lower end surface thereof. The dripping portion includes a cotton-like body disposed between the sheet bodies on the upper end surface and the lower end surface,
The rain gauge according to claim 3, wherein both the upper end surface and the lower end surface have a dome shape in which an outer peripheral surface is a curved shape, and form a convex lens shape as a whole.

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