JP2019148528A - Breakage of structure detection sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a configuration with which, although the configuration is configured to be capable of detecting the occurrence of breakage in a structure without a power supply, it is possible to grasp the state of breakage of the structure in detail.SOLUTION: A breakage detection sensor attached to a structure for detecting the breakage of the structure comprises: a sensor sheet which is attached to the structure; a plurality of detection circuits formed on the sensor sheet at mutually different positions and arranged in order in a prescribed direction, each sequentially disconnected in accordance with the progress of breakage; a plurality of passive RFID tags each electrically connected to the plurality of detection circuits, with their detection information rewritten when the detection circuits are disconnected; and a plurality of antenna circuits each electrically connected to the plurality of passive RFID tags.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a sensor that detects breakage of a structure such as a railway vehicle.

  A fatigue sensor that detects the degree of fatigue damage of a structure by measuring the length of a crack that propagates on the surface of a foil-like substrate attached to the structure is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). . In Patent Document 1, a plurality of electric resistance lines extending at right angles to the direction of crack propagation generated on the surface of the substrate are provided, and the change in electric resistance value caused by sequential breakage of the electric resistance lines due to the progress of the crack is measured. Thus, it is disclosed that the state of fatigue damage of a structure is detected.

  However, in order to detect changes in the electrical resistance value, a power source for energizing the electrical resistance line is required. Therefore, a power source must be provided together with the structure where the fatigue sensor is provided. Is not realistic in terms of

  Patent Document 2 discloses a linear detector that detects the occurrence of fatigue cracks in a structure. In this apparatus, a detection line is bonded to a portion of the structure where stress is likely to concentrate, and the detection apparatus main body is connected to the detection line. When a fatigue crack occurs in the structure, the detection line breaks, and the detection device body that has detected the breakage allows the administrator to receive crack information by, for example, incorporating an IC tag in addition to causing the LED to emit light. ing.

JP 2001-281120 A Japanese Patent No. 4801651

  However, even in Patent Document 2, there is a problem that an external power source is required because the configuration is such that a fatigue crack is detected by disconnecting a detection line that is always energized. Moreover, in the structure of patent document 2, since the detection apparatus main body only determines the presence or absence of the disconnection of a detection line, the progress degree of the crack which arises in a structure cannot be grasped | ascertained. Moreover, in the structure of patent document 1, since the whole electrical resistance value of a some electrical resistance wire is monitored with one resistance measuring device, it cannot be detected which electrical resistance wire among several electrical resistance wires broke. . Therefore, the position of the disconnection cannot be grasped, and the progress degree of the crack generated on the substrate surface cannot be grasped accurately.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a configuration that can detect in detail the state of breakage of a structure while being capable of detecting occurrence of breakage in the structure without a power source.

  A breakage detection sensor according to an aspect of the present invention is a sensor that is attached to a structure and detects breakage of the structure, and the sensor sheet attached to the structure and the sensor sheet at different positions on the sensor sheet. A plurality of detection circuits that are formed and arranged in order in a predetermined direction and sequentially disconnected in accordance with the progress of damage, and are electrically connected to the plurality of detection circuits, respectively, and when the detection circuit is disconnected, self-detection information Are rewritten, and a plurality of antenna circuits respectively electrically connected to the plurality of passive RFID tags.

  According to the above-described configuration, damage detection is performed on a portion of the structure where damage (for example, strain due to stress concentration, fatigue crack, bolt rupture, detachment of body parts, detachment of important equipment, swelling, etc.) may occur. If the sensor sheet of the sensor is attached, the sensor sheet breaks when the structure is damaged, and the closed circuit is disconnected. Then, since the information of the passive RFID tag is rewritten, the occurrence of damage to the structure can be detected without a power source by wirelessly reading the information of the passive RFID tag through the antenna circuit. Moreover, since the plurality of detection circuits arranged in order at different positions on the sensor sheet are electrically connected to the plurality of passive RFID tags, respectively, the position of the disconnected circuit among the plurality of detection circuits and The number of structures can be grasped in detail by the number.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, although it is the structure which can detect generation | occurrence | production of the damage in a structure without a power supply, the structure which can grasp | ascertain the state of the damage of a structure in detail can be provided.

It is a mimetic diagram of a breakage detection system of a structure concerning a 1st embodiment. (A) is a top view of the damage detection sensor shown in FIG. 1, (B) is IIb-IIb sectional view taken on the line. It is drawing explaining the correlation with ID information in the server shown in FIG. 1, detection information, and position information. It is sectional drawing of the damage detection sensor which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the damage detection sensor which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a top view of the breakage detection sensor concerning a 4th embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram of breakage detection system 1 of structure 10 concerning an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the breakage detection system 1 is a system that detects breakage due to a temporal factor of the structure 10 that is generated when an external force (for example, repeated stress or vibration) is repeatedly applied to the structure 10. The damage detection system 1 detects damage to the structure 10 using RFID (Radio frequency identifier) and contributes to reducing the maintenance burden of the structure 10. The structure 10 is, for example, a railway vehicle (a cart or a vehicle body), but may be another structure such as an aircraft, a ship, or a bridge. The plurality of breakage detection sensors 11 are respectively affixed to a plurality of locations on the structure 10 where stress is likely to concentrate. The damage detection system 1 includes a plurality of damage detection sensors 11, an RFID reader 2, a data processing device 3, a server 4, and a database 5.

  The RFID reader 2 reads a signal including identification information and detection information of passive RFID tags 23A to 23D described later of the breakage detection sensor 11 in a non-contact manner. The RFID reader 2 may be installed in the vicinity of the structure 10 or may be a portable type carried by an operator. The data processing device 3 processes the signal read by the RFID reader 2 and transmits it to the server 4 via the network N (for example, the Internet). The network is not limited to the Internet, and may be various other communication networks such as a LAN, a WAN, a satellite communication line, and a mobile phone network. In the database 5, a correspondence relationship between ID information of passive RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D (described later) and position information indicating a position on the structure 10 where the passive RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D are installed is stored in advance. . The server 4 performs arithmetic processing on the signal received from the data processing device 3 while referring to the database 5 and transmits the calculation result to the operation command center. The processing data of the server 4 is accumulated and saved in the database 5.

  2A is a plan view of the damage detection sensor 11 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb. 2A and 2B, the breakage detection sensor 11 includes a base sheet 20, a sensor sheet 21, a plurality of detection circuits 22A to 22D (tamper detection circuits), a plurality of passive RFID tags 23A to 23D, and A plurality of antenna circuits 24A to 24D are provided. The base sheet 20 is attached to the structure 10 by adhesion. The sensor sheet 21 is formed with a planned fracture portion 21a that is more fragile than other parts. In the present embodiment, the planned fracture portion 21a is a thin-walled portion, and a cut portion C that induces fracture in the planned fracture portion 21a is provided. Note that the planned fracture portion 21a is not limited to this as long as it forms a site that is preferentially broken in the sensor sheet 21, and may be, for example, a perforation.

  The detection circuits 22 </ b> A to 22 </ b> D are formed at different positions on the sensor sheet 21, and are arranged in order in the extending direction of the planned fracture portion 21 a and cross the planned fracture portion 21 a. That is, the detection circuits 22A to 22D are a plurality of closed circuits arranged so as to be disconnected step by step when the sensor sheet 21 is broken at the planned breakage portion 21a. The passive RFID tags 23A to 23D are RFID tags that do not require a power source. The passive RFID tags 23A to 23D are electrically connected to the detection circuits 22A to 22D, respectively. Specifically, terminal circuits 25A to 25D electrically connected to the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D, respectively, are formed on the base sheet 20, and the terminal circuits 25A to 25D are individually connected to the detection circuits 22A to 22D. Is electrically connected.

  The passive RFID tags 23A to 23D are configured such that their detection information is rewritten when the detection circuits 22A to 22D connected thereto are disconnected. That is, the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D store their own ID information and detection information indicating whether or not the detection circuits 22A to 22D connected to the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D are disconnected. For example, the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D store “0” as detection information when the detection circuits 22A to 22D are disconnected, and “1” as detection information when the detection circuits 22A to 22D are not disconnected. Remember. The antenna circuits 24A to 24D are individually electrically connected to the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D, respectively. The passive RFID tags 23A to 23D generate electricity based on signals received via the antenna circuits 24A to 24D, and wirelessly transmit ID information and detection information to the outside via the antenna circuits 24A to 24D.

  The base sheet 20 is arranged at a position different from the sensor support portion 20a on which the sensor sheet is superimposed and the sensor sheet 21, and the RFID on which the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D, the antenna circuits 24A to 24D, and the terminal circuits 25A to 25D are mounted. And a support portion 20b. The sensor sheet 21 is partially fixed to the sensor support portion 20a of the base sheet 20 on both sides of the planned fracture portion 21a. As an example, the sensor sheet 21 is partially fixed to the sensor support portion 20a by the micro resistance welding portion W on both sides of the planned fracture portion 21a. The base sheet 20 has an adhesive surface that is attached to the structure at least on the back surface of the sensor support portion 20a opposite to the sensor sheet 21. In the present embodiment, not only the sensor support portion 20a but also the RFID support portion 20b has the back surface as an adhesive surface.

  When attaching the breakage detection sensor 11 to the structure 10, the breakage detection sensor 11 is affixed to the structure 10 such that the planned breakage portion 21 a is along the assumed breakage position of the structure 10. And if damage (for example, fatigue crack etc.) generate | occur | produces in the structure 10, distortion will arise in the base sheet 20, the distortion will be transmitted to the sensor sheet 21 via the micro resistance welding part W, and the sensor sheet 21 will be a fracture | rupture planned part. It breaks at 21a. When the break is short in the initial stage, only the detection circuit 22A closest to the cut portion C is disconnected. If it does so, only the information of RFID tag 23A will be rewritten, and if the information of RFID tag 23A-D is read wirelessly via antenna circuit 24A-D, structure 10 will detect one of a plurality of detection circuits 22A-D. It is possible to detect the occurrence of an initial stage damage in which only the circuit 22A is disconnected.

  When the breakage grows and the breakage of the planned breakage portion 21a progresses, the detection circuits 22B to 22D are disconnected step by step in order. Then, the information of the RFID tags 23B to 23D connected to the disconnected detection circuits 22B to 22D is rewritten. The passive RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D generate electricity based on signals received from the RFID reader 2 via the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D, and transmit ID information and detection information to the RFID reader 2 wirelessly. Thus, by reading the information of the passive RFID tags 23A to 23D wirelessly, a plurality of detection circuits among the plurality of detection circuits 22A to 22D are disconnected in the structure 10 without providing a power source for the breakage detection sensor 11. It is possible to detect that such a damage has occurred.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining association of ID information, detection information, and position information in the server 4 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the server 4 refers to the database 5 and obtains a correspondence relationship between the ID information of the RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D and each piece of position information regarding the positions of the RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D in the structure 10. . The server 4 acquires a combination of ID information and detection information (detection signal) read from the damage detection sensor 11 by the RFID reader 2 via the data processing device 3 and the network N.

  The server 4 associates each detection information with the position information of each RFID tag 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D from the correspondence relationship acquired from the database 5, each ID information acquired from the damage detection sensor 11, and each combination of detection information. The server 4 diagnoses the state of breakage based on which one of the RFID tags 23A to 23D connected to the detection circuit 22A to D is disconnected ("0" in FIG. 3). For example, when the detection information of only the RFID tag 23A among the RFID tags 23A to 23D is in a disconnected state (that is, “0”), the server 4 diagnoses that the damage is initial.

  In addition, the server 4 diagnoses the severity of the progress of breakage and the like as the number of RFID tags whose detection information is in the disconnected state among the RFID tags 23A to 23D increases. Moreover, the server 4 may diagnose the state of breakage based on the position of the detection circuit in the detection circuit 22A to D that is in a disconnected state. For example, when the detection circuits 22A and 22D are disconnected and the detection circuits 22B and 22C are not disconnected, it may be diagnosed that a pair of breakage has occurred.

  The server 4 transmits the associated detection information, position information, and diagnosis result information to the driving command station, and notifies the driver and the like of the information from the driving command station. With such a configuration, it is possible to easily grasp the breakage occurrence position and the breakage state in the structure 10, and the maintenance work can be facilitated.

  Further, since the plurality of detection circuits 22A to 22D arranged in parallel at different positions on the sensor sheet 21 are electrically connected to the plurality of passive RFID tags 23A to 23D, respectively, the plurality of detection circuits 22A to 22A The state of damage of the structure 10 can be grasped in detail by the position and number of the disconnected circuits in D. Further, the sensor sheet 21 is provided with a planned break portion 21a, and each detection circuit 22A-D crosses the planned break portion 21a so as to be arranged in order in the extending direction of the break planned portion 21a. When the breakage at the planned breakage portion 21a in 21 progresses, the number of detection circuits that are disconnected among the detection circuits 22A to 22D increases stepwise. That is, by predetermining the break position and direction of the sensor sheet 21 by the planned break portion 21a, the correlation between the progress of breakage and the number of disconnected detection circuits 22A to 22D increases, and the structure 10 is broken. It is possible to accurately grasp the degree of progress.

  Further, when the structure 10 is damaged and the sensor support portion 20a of the base sheet 20 is distorted, the distortion is transmitted to the sensor sheet 21 through the micro resistance welding portion W and stabilized at the planned rupture portion 21a. Can cause breakage. When attaching the breakage detection sensor 11 to the structure 10, it is not necessary to contact the sensor sheet 21 with the structure 10. Therefore, at least the sensor support portion 20 a of the base sheet 20 may be simply attached to the structure 10. The mounting work can be easily performed. Further, since the RFID tags 23A to 23D and the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are mounted on the base sheet 20 instead of the breakable sensor sheet 21, the RFID tags 23A to 23D and the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are stably held and are stable. Wireless communication can be performed.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the breakage detection sensor 111 according to the second embodiment. In addition, about the structure which is common in 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. As shown in FIG. 4, in the second embodiment, the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D have a distance between the bonding surface 120 c (the back surface bonded to the structure 10) of the breakage detection sensor 111 and the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D. It arrange | positions so that it may become larger than the distance between the adhesion surface 120c and detection circuit 22A-D. Specifically, the base sheet 120 is formed so that the RFID support part 120b is thicker than the sensor support part 120a. Note that the RFID support portion 120b may be hollow and thickened instead of being solid and thickened. According to such a configuration, when the structure 10 is made of metal, the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are separated from the surface of the structure 10, so that the wireless quality can be stabilized. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the breakage detection sensor 211 according to the third embodiment. In addition, about the structure which is common in 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. As shown in FIG. 5, in the third embodiment, the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D have a distance between the bonding surface 220 c (the back surface bonded to the structure 10) of the breakage detection sensor 211 and the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D. It arrange | positions so that it may become larger than the distance between the adhesion surface 220c and detection circuit 22A-D.

  Specifically, the base sheet 220 has a bent portion 220d between the sensor support portion 220a and the RFID support portion 220b, and is folded back so that the RFID support portion 220b overlaps the sensor support portion 220a. Terminal circuits 25A-D are formed on the surface of the RFID support 220b that faces the sensor support 220a, and RFID tags 23A-D and an antenna circuit are formed on the surface of the RFID support 220b opposite to the sensor support 220a. 24A to D are mounted. The RFID tags 23A to 23D and the terminal circuits 25A to 25D are electrically connected through the through hole of the RFID support part 220b. Note that the RFID tags 23A to 23D may be disposed on the surface opposite to the antenna circuits 24A to 24D (the surface facing the sensor sheet 21). Further, instead of continuing the sensor support part 220a and the RFID support part 220b at the bent part 220d, the sensor support part 220a and the RFID support part 220b may be separated from each other.

  The RFID support portion 220b is fixed to the sensor support portion 220a by a connecting member 226 (for example, a hook-and-loop fastener or an adhesive), and is maintained in a state where it overlaps the sensor support portion 220a. According to such a configuration, when the structure 10 is made of metal, the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are separated from the surface of the structure 10, so that the wireless quality can be stabilized. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted.

(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a breakage detection sensor 311 according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the breakage detection sensor 311 of the fourth embodiment has no base sheet, a single sensor sheet 321, a plurality of detection circuits 322 </ b> A to D, a plurality of RFID tags 23 </ b> A to D, and a plurality of antennas. Circuits 24A to 24D are mounted. Each detection circuit 322A-D is electrically connected to each RFID tag 23A-D, respectively. The RFID tags 23A to 23D are electrically connected to the antenna circuits 24A to 24D, respectively.

  The sensor sheet 321 is formed with a linear planned break portion 321a that is more fragile than other parts. In the present embodiment, the planned fracture portion 321a is a perforation, but may be, for example, a thin-walled portion or a cut portion. Each detection circuit 322A-D crosses the fracture | rupture planned part 321a in the mutually different position on the sensor sheet | seat 321. FIG. Each of the detection circuits 322A to 322D is arranged in order from one side of the planned fracture portion 321a to the other side. Each of the detection circuits 322A to 322D traverses the planned fracture portion 321a in a meandering shape, but may have a shape that does not meander.

  The RFID tags 23A to 23D and the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are separately distributed on the sensor sheet 321 on one side and the other side across the planned fracture portion 321a. In the example of FIG. 6, the RFID tags 23 </ b> A to 23 </ b> D and the antenna circuits 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D are alternately arranged on one side and the other side across the planned fracture portion 321 a. Note that the layout of the RFID tags 23A to 23D and the antenna circuits 24A to 24D is not limited to this. For example, all the RFID tags 23A to 23D and the antenna circuits 24A to 24D are arranged on one side as viewed from the planned fracture portion 321a. Etc.

  According to such a configuration, even when the sensor sheet 321 breaks only at a part of the planned breakage portion 321a, any one of the plurality of detection circuits 322A to 322D breaks, and thus the possibility of breakage detection. The sensitivity of the breakage detection sensor 311 is improved. Further, since the detection circuits 322A to D repeatedly traverse the rupture scheduled portion 321a in a meandering manner, the detection circuits 322A to 322D are also detected when the sensor sheet 21 is broken in a small area of the planned rupture portion 21a. The possibility of disconnection can be increased, and the detection sensitivity is improved. Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted. Moreover, the aspect which mounts an RFID tag and an antenna circuit on a sensor sheet | seat without using this base sheet | seat may be applied to the structure of each other embodiment mentioned above.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, The structure can be changed, added, or deleted. For example, some configurations or methods in one embodiment may be applied to other embodiments, and some configurations in the embodiments may be arbitrarily separated from other configurations in the embodiment. Extraction is possible. Each of the above-described breakage detection sensors may be used for detecting a breakage phenomenon such as bolt breakage, body part detachment, important device lid detachment, swelling, and the like in addition to detecting fatigue cracks.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Structure 11,111,211,311 Damage detection sensor 20,120,220 Base sheet 20a, 120a, 220a Sensor support part 20b, 120b, 220b RFID support part 21,321 Sensor sheet 21a, 321a Planned break part 22A-D , 322A to D detection circuit 23A to D RFID tag 24A to D antenna circuit 220d bent portion

Claims (8)

A sensor that is attached to a structure and detects breakage of the structure,
A sensor sheet attached to the structure;
A plurality of detection circuits that are formed at different positions on the sensor sheet, and are sequentially disconnected in accordance with the progress of breakage in order in a predetermined direction;
A plurality of passive RFID tags that are electrically connected to the plurality of detection circuits, respectively, and that their detection information is rewritten when the detection circuit is disconnected,
And a plurality of antenna circuits electrically connected to the plurality of passive RFID tags. The sensor sheet has a portion to be broken,
The breakage detection sensor according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection circuits cross the planned fracture portion at different positions.   The structure breakage detection sensor according to claim 2, wherein the planned break portion has a perforation, a thin portion, or a cut portion. The sensor sheet is further stacked, and further includes a base sheet having a sensor support portion to which the sensor sheet is fixed on both sides of the planned fracture portion,
The damage detection sensor according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the sensor support portion of the base sheet has an adhesive surface that is attached to the structure on the back surface opposite to the sensor sheet.   The breakage detection sensor according to claim 4, wherein the base sheet is further disposed at a position different from the sensor sheet, and further includes an RFID support portion on which the passive RFID tag and the antenna circuit are mounted.   The damage detection sensor according to claim 5, wherein the antenna circuit is disposed such that a distance between the adhesive surface and the antenna circuit is larger than a distance between the adhesive surface and the sensor sheet. .   The damage detection sensor according to claim 6, wherein the RFID support portion of the base sheet is thicker than the sensor support portion of the base sheet. The base sheet further includes a bent portion between the sensor support portion and the RFID support portion,
The damage detection sensor according to claim 6, wherein the RFID support portion is overlaid on the sensor support portion.

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