JP2019137942A - Fabric comprising spun yarn containing cotton fiber as raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

To obtain a fabric characteristic having a quick-drying property equivalent to that of cotton or an improved quick-drying property than that of cotton while maintaining water absorbing and water retaining performances equivalent to or higher than those of cotton or a fabric characteristic having a feeling equivalent to that of cotton or an improved feeling than that of cotton while maintaining water absorbing and water retaining performances equivalent to or higher than those of cotton.SOLUTION: The fabric is formed of a spun yarn comprising a cotton fiber in a base material. The drying time until a diffusive residual moisture ratio reaches 10% is equal to or less than 65 minutes after a specified amount of a test liquid is dropped, and more preferably, the aforementioned drying time is equal to or less than 50 minutes.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to a fabric (a textile product including a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, and a non-woven fabric) made of a spun yarn containing cotton fibers.
In general, the twist strength of spun yarns may be classified into four types: "no twist", "sweet twist", "normal twist (medium twist)", and "strong twist". In this classification, "sweet twist" Is said to have fewer twists than "normal twist".

However, in some cases, a specific numerical range is given to the fiber length and twisting factor of the fiber used as the material in “sweet twist”, while the case of slightly twisted in “no twist” is included. As a matter of fact, the classification standard is not clear.
Therefore, in this specification, “sweet twist” refers to the fact that the number of twists is smaller than “normal twist” (including “no twist”), and the fiber length and twist coefficient of the material fiber are In particular, where necessary, it will be described in this specification to distinguish it from commonly identified numerical values.

Traditionally, fabrics made from cotton (textile products such as knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics) have a reputation for being comfortable to wear, and have excellent water absorption and water retention properties that absorb moisture and sweat well. It is evaluated that it has. However, on the other hand, it is sometimes felt that cotton fabric is difficult to dry.
On the other hand, fabrics made of synthetic fibers such as polyester and nylon are not as good as cotton fabrics in terms of comfort, water absorption and water retention performance, but they are better than cotton fabrics if only attention is given to ease of drying. May be evaluated.

For this reason, trial and error as to whether it is possible to produce a fabric that has the best of both worlds by mixing cotton and synthetic fibers and then devising the mixing method and mixing ratio. Has been done.
As a method of mixing cotton and synthetic fiber, a method of knitting or weaving using a blended yarn obtained by blending cotton short fiber and synthetic fiber short fiber, cotton, There is known a method of performing knitting or weaving using a twisted yarn obtained by twisting using a spun yarn spun from a short fiber and a filament spun from a synthetic long fiber.

By the way, “diffusible residual moisture content” is known as an index of ease of drying. This diffusive residual moisture content is a mass ratio between before and after dropping the test solution on the dough, and is compared by the time (minutes) required for the dough to become a predetermined dry state.
When expressed using this diffusible residual moisture content, for example, a 100% synthetic fiber fabric (not including cotton) mainly composed of polyester or the like can increase the diffusible residual moisture content by increasing the polyester content. It is said that the drying time up to 10% can be accelerated to about 40 minutes.

  For example, in the past, assuming that the knitted fabric is made of polyester long fibers and the total fineness and single yarn fineness are defined, the drying time until the diffusible residual moisture content reaches 10% is 15 to 15%. What is supposed to be 45 minutes has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2017-71879 A

The drying time until the diffusible residual moisture content in a 100% cotton fabric reaches 10% is generally 75 minutes or more. Therefore, as a conventional trial, when synthetic fibers such as polyester are mixed with cotton for the purpose of making the cotton fabric easy to dry, the drying time until the diffusible residual moisture content reaches 10% is somewhat reduced. It is possible to shorten it. However, contrary to that, there is no argument that the higher the mixing ratio of synthetic fibers, the lower the water absorption and water retention performance.

Thus, it is clear that there is a contradictory problem in producing a fabric that is excellent in water absorption / water retention performance and easy to dry, and the actual situation is that this problem has not yet been solved.
In addition, in the case of fabrics that are used for touching the skin, such as clothing, handkerchiefs, and towels, the height of the texture (characteristic that there is no skin irritation and good touch) is also an important issue. As a general rule, cotton fabrics are said to have a better texture than fabrics made from synthetic fibers. However, a mixture of synthetic fibers and cotton has a clearer texture than 100% cotton fabrics. It can be said that it has been lowered.

Therefore, it can be said that it has not been achieved yet to produce a fabric having a high water absorption / water retention performance, but having a texture equivalent to or higher than cotton.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is easy to dry while maintaining water absorption / water retention performance (hereinafter referred to as “water absorption performance”) equal to or higher than cotton (hereinafter referred to as “quick drying”). In other words, a cotton fiber-containing spinning that can obtain a fabric characteristic that is equivalent to or higher than cotton, and a fabric characteristic that is equivalent to or higher than that of cotton while maintaining water absorption performance equal to or higher than that of cotton. The object is to provide a fabric made of yarn.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has taken the following measures.
That is, the fabric made of cotton fiber-containing spun yarn according to the present invention is made of spun yarn containing cotton fiber as a base material, and the drying time to reach a diffusible residual moisture content of 10% is within 65 minutes. It is characterized by being.
The drying time is preferably 50 minutes or less.

The water retention amount is preferably 2.6 g / cm ² or more.
The fabric basis weight is preferably 80 g / m ² or more and 160 g / m ² or less.
The cotton fiber preferably has a twist coefficient of 0 or more and 3.6 or less.
The cotton fibers preferably have an average fiber length of 21 mm or more and 35 mm or less.
The spun yarn can be formed of only cotton fibers.

  In the fabric made of the spun yarn containing cotton fibers according to the present invention, the fabric characteristics and water absorption performance equivalent to or higher than that of cotton, and water absorption performance equivalent to cotton, while maintaining water absorption performance equal to or higher than cotton While maintaining the above, it is possible to obtain fabric characteristics having a texture equivalent to or higher than that of cotton.

It is the schematic which estimated the water absorption mechanism in the cloth | dough which uses cotton fiber containing spun yarn as a raw material, (a) is the water absorption characteristic of a wale direction, (b) is the water absorption characteristic of a course direction. It is the schematic diagram which predicted the relationship between the thickness of a spun yarn, and water absorption.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[Sweet yarn]
First, the sweet-spun spun yarn will be described.
The sweet-twisted spun yarn is a spun yarn having a sweet-twisted structure as a configuration including a cotton fiber as a base material. The case where the fiber which forms a sweet twisted yarn is only a cotton fiber, and the case where things other than a cotton fiber are contained in addition to a cotton fiber are included. Here, “sweet twist” has a smaller number of twists than “normal twist”, and the applied twist coefficient is set to 0 or more and 3.6 or less.

The twist coefficient is obtained by dividing the number of twists of unit length (1 inch in the case of cotton) by the square root of the thickness of the yarn (count in the case of cotton). That is, [twist coefficient] = [twist number] / √ [count].
By making the spun yarn a sweet twisted structure, it is possible to increase the water absorption as a characteristic of the spun yarn itself, so fabrics (textile products including knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, etc.) using this sweet twisted spun yarn Can be made dry quickly in this fabric (clothing produced using this fabric).

In addition, this sweet-twisted spun yarn has a structure that is easy to contain air by adopting a sweet-twisted structure, and has a soft and soft structure, which is very convenient for producing a fabric with high heat retention and good texture. .
It goes without saying that such water absorption (rapid drying), heat retention, softness (good texture), etc. can be emphasized as the sweetness of the twist increases within the range where spinning is possible.

In the present invention, those having a twisting coefficient larger than 3.6 (contained in ordinary twisting or strong twisting) are unsuitable, and the reason is that the expected drying time as the density of fibers increases. (The drying time cannot be shortened to such a short time that it can be called “quick drying”).
In addition, when adding that it can be stably spun (to improve the yield related to spinning), it is better to set the upper limit of the twist coefficient to 3.2 or less.

On the other hand, in principle, even those that are twisted once in a range exceeding the unit length are included in the present invention (in this sense, including a twisting factor of 0), but they are twisted structurally and externally. In order to clarify that it has, it is preferable to set the lower limit of the twist coefficient to 2 or more.
In addition, the twisting factor is also used because it is easy to cause entanglement between fibers and prevents yarn breakage due to slippage between fibers (a yarn having tensile strength sufficient to withstand knitting by a knitting machine). It can be said that the lower limit of 2 is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of accuracy.

For these reasons, it can be said that the more preferable range of the twisting coefficient to be applied is 2 or more and 3.2 or less. In terms of whether or not a spun yarn having a sweet twist structure can be produced, the applicable range of the twist coefficient is 0 or more and 3.6 or less as described above.
The fiber length of the fibers (cotton fibers or fibers other than cotton fibers) used in this sweet-twisted spun yarn is set so as to increase the mixing ratio of specific length fibers, or only specific length fibers are used. And can be set. However, it is not necessary to select each fiber having a specific length, and a mixture of short fibers and long fibers may be used. The mixing ratio of each fiber is not particularly limited. In other words, in the case of using natural fibers or the like, natural fibers can be used as raw materials as they are without any extra effort.

However, for cotton fibers, it can be said that the average fiber length is preferably 21 mm or more and 35 mm or less.
If the average fiber length of the cotton fibers is shorter than 21 mm, entanglement is difficult to occur between the fibers, and slippage between the fibers at the entangled portions is likely to occur. For this reason, when only a cotton fiber shorter than an average fiber length of 21 mm is used to spin a sweet-twisted structure, it cannot be spun in the first place.

  Assuming that long fibers are mixed as fibers other than cotton fibers, even if sweet-twisting can be spun, it is disliked to increase the fiber mixing ratio other than cotton fibers as the fabric quality. For example, such a sweet-twisted spun yarn may cause a significant decrease in tensile strength (tensile strength). Therefore, this sweet-twisted spun yarn has a problem that yarn breakage is likely to occur when used for knitting with a knitting machine, for example.

In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to produce a sweet yarn with a fine count.
In addition, if the reason that the deterioration of the yarn quality is suppressed and the quality of the fabric manufactured using the sweet-twisted spun yarn is maintained at a certain level or more is added, the average fiber length of the cotton fibers should be 26 mm or more. It can be said that it is preferable.
On the other hand, if the average fiber length of the cotton fibers is longer than 35 mm, the cost increases. Further, as the fiber length becomes longer, the water absorption tends to decrease. However, it has been empirically found that if the fiber length exceeds 33 mm, there are more cases where the water absorption is inconvenient. Therefore, it can be said that the average fiber length of the cotton fibers is more preferably 33 mm or less.

For this reason, it can be said that the more preferable range of the average fiber length of the cotton fibers is 26 mm or more and 33 mm or less. In addition, as described above, in the case of producing a spun yarn having a sweet twist structure by mixing fibers other than cotton fibers, it can be said that the average fiber length of the cotton fibers is 21 mm or more and 35 mm or less as described above. .
In addition, in this invention, as mentioned above, the fiber length of the fiber used for a sweet twist spun yarn is not limited in principle. In particular, as for cotton fibers, there is no exclusion of contamination that is not included in the above range (the above range is merely an explanation of “average fiber length”).

The tensile strength of the sweet-twisted spun yarn is preferably 1.00 N or more when used for knitting with a knitting machine (when producing a knitted fabric). When it is less than 1.00 N, the probability of yarn breakage during knitting increases.
Needless to say, if the purpose is not knitting using a knitting machine, the yarn can be used as a sweet twist spun yarn having a tensile strength of less than 1.00 N.

  Table 1 shows the tensile strength for each yarn type and yarn count in the sweet twisted spun yarn.

The count (thickness) applied to the sweet twisted spun yarn is preferably 20 to 60. More preferably, it should be 30 or more and 50 or less.
When it becomes thicker than 30th, it tends to be difficult to obtain quick drying when the fabric weight is increased in the fabric produced using this sweet-twisted spun yarn. It becomes almost impossible to expect. This creates a disadvantage in the sense that the use of the fabric is limited.

On the other hand, when it becomes thinner than 50th, the tensile strength as a sweet twisted spun yarn tends to decrease, and when it becomes thinner than 60th, the probability of occurrence of yarn breakage increases during knitting with a knitting machine. There is. Of course, as long as it is not limited to knitting using a knitting machine, it can be used even when the sweet-twisted spun yarn is made thinner than 50.
In addition, when it is thinner than 50, the fabric thickness tends to be thin in the fabric produced using this sweet-twisted spun yarn, and the sense of sheer is increased, leading to a decrease in appearance, water absorption, heat retention and the like. Moreover, when it is thin exceeding 60th, there is also a problem that use is greatly restricted by expanding the reason.

The mixing ratio of the cotton fibers in the sweet twisted spun yarn is preferably 10% or more and 100% or less. More preferably, it is good to set it as 30% or more and 70% or less.
If it is less than 30%, the quick-drying property tends to decrease, and if it is less than 10%, it becomes unsuitable in that it is almost impossible to expect quick-drying property. On the other hand, as it approaches 70% exceeding 70%, the yarn elongation decreases and becomes unsuitable for knitting with a knitting machine. However, a sweet-spun spun yarn with a 100% cotton fiber mixing ratio (when the spun yarn is formed only of cotton fibers) is made comfortable by producing a fabric with this sweet-twisted spun yarn (particularly, , Texture).
[Fabric formed using sweet-twisted spun yarn]
Next, a fabric (a textile product including knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, etc., which will be simply referred to as “the fabric”) formed using the above-described sweet twisted spun yarn will be described.

The present dough has a drying time of 65 minutes or less until the diffusible residual moisture content reaches 10%. More preferably, it should be within 50 minutes.
In addition, since the drying time until the diffusive residual moisture content in the 100% cotton fabric reaches 10% is 75 minutes or more, the drying time in which the diffusible residual moisture content reaches 10% in the present fabric is longer than 65 minutes. Then, it can be said that the quick-drying effect is thin in comparison with 100% cotton fabric.

In addition, it is possible to speed up the drying time to reach a diffusible residual moisture content of 10% in a fabric made of 100% synthetic fiber such as polyester (without cotton), so that the diffusibility can be increased in this fabric. Even if the drying time until the residual moisture content reaches 10% is longer than 50 minutes, it can be said that the quick-drying effect is poor in comparison with synthetic fibers.
By the way, the diffusive residual moisture content is a mass ratio between before and after dropping the test liquid on the dough as described above, and is compared with the time (minutes) required for the dough to be in a predetermined dry state. . This diffusive residual moisture content is determined as follows.

  A test piece of 100 mm × 100 mm is allowed to stand for 4 hours or more in a test room at room temperature 20 ± 2 ° C. and relative humidity 65 ± 4% to bring the test piece into a constant weight state. An appropriate amount of test water (purified water) is dropped onto this test piece (about 4 drops from a micropipette that sucks 0.6 ml), and thereafter the mass of the test piece is measured at intervals of 5 minutes. Using the measured value thus measured, the diffusive residual moisture content (Mc) is obtained from the following equation.

Mc = (Wx−W) × 100 / (W1−W)
Wx: Mass (g) after dropping n minutes of sample water
W1: Mass immediately after dropping of sample water (g)
W: Mass of the test piece immediately before starting the test (g)

Water retention level of the present fabric is preferable to the 1.80 g / cm ² or more 5.20 g / cm ² or less, more preferably in the range of a 2.50 g / cm ² or more 5.00 g / cm ² or less.
When the water retention amount is less than 2.50 g / cm ² , the water absorption tends to decrease, and those less than 1.80 g / cm ² are unsuitable in that the water absorption can hardly be expected. For the same reason, it can be mentioned that the lower limit value of the water retention amount is preferably 2.60 g / cm ² or more.
On the other hand, when the water retention amount exceeds 5.00 g / cm ² , it tends to be difficult to improve the quick drying property, and when it exceeds 5.20 g / cm ² , it is unsuitable in that a state where almost no quick drying property can be expected. It becomes.

This amount of water is determined as follows.
A test piece of 100 mm × 100 mm is allowed to stand in a test room at room temperature 20 ± 2 ° C. and relative humidity 65 ± 4% for 2 hours or more. The test piece thus dried is immersed in water, pulled up one minute later, left as it is for 5 minutes, and the subsequent mass is measured. The value obtained by subtracting the dry mass from the measured value thus measured is the water retention amount, and the unit is g / cm ² .

The fabric basis weight of the present fabric is preferably 80 g / m ² or more and 160 g / m ² or less, and preferably 95 g / m ² or more and 145 g / m ² or less.
A fabric basis weight of less than 95 g / m ² means that the fabric thickness is less than the proper thickness although it cannot be said that the fabric is unusable. In particular, when the amount is less than 80 g / m ² , the sense of sheer is emphasized due to insufficient thickness of the fabric, which causes inconvenience in the sense that the usage of the fabric is limited. There is also a problem that the fabric strength against pulling or the like decreases.

On the other hand, when the fabric weight exceeds 145 g / m ² , it tends to be difficult to increase the quick-drying property, and when it exceeds 160 g / m ² , it becomes unsuitable in that it is almost impossible to expect the quick-drying property.
The cover factor of the fabric is suitably 0.570 to 0.690, preferably 0,620 to 0.675.
If the cover factor is smaller than 0,620, the shrinkage rate tends to deteriorate, and if it is less than 0.570, the strength decreases.

On the other hand, if the cover factor exceeds 0.675, it tends to be difficult to increase the quick drying property, and if it exceeds 0.690, it becomes unsuitable in that it is almost impossible to expect the quick drying property.
The diffusion area (10 minutes) of the present dough is 20 cm ² or more in order to keep water absorption appropriately. Preferably it is 30 cm ² or more.
The water absorbency (vertical + horizontal) of the fabric is 65 mm or more in the sense of keeping the water absorbency appropriately. Preferably it is 110 mm or more.

As for the mixing ratio of cotton fibers in the fabric formed from sweet-twisted spun yarn, it is ideal to set the cotton fibers to 100% for the purpose of improving the comfort (especially texture). Is.
However, it is not to deny that fibers other than cotton fibers are included to such an extent that the water absorption of the sweet-twisted spun yarn is not impaired. For example, it is also possible to use a sweet-twisted spun yarn and a polyurethane yarn, and knit at a mixing ratio of 90% cotton and 10% polyurethane with a bare milled knitted fabric by plating.

[Method for producing sweet-twisted spun yarn]
Next, a method for producing a sweet-spun spun yarn will be described.
In order to produce a sweet-spun spun yarn, at least cotton fibers among the fibers used are degreased before spinning. In principle, this degreasing is performed by pretreatment and taking time. Specifically, this degreasing is a combination of at least three steps of a cleaning step, a primary alkaline bath step, and a secondary alkaline bath step.
The washing step is a step of washing in hot water kept at 100 ° C. or less within 20 minutes. Preferably, hot water washing is performed at 40 ° C. for about 10 minutes.

When the temperature is higher than 100 ° C., there is a problem in that the cotton fibers are dyed with sewage containing dirt washed out from the cotton fibers. Moreover, when raising the precision of contamination prevention, since it exceeds 40 degreeC, the tendency which will be contaminated by the stain | pollution | contamination discharged | emitted from the cotton fiber will arise, Therefore It is preferable to set it as 40 degrees C or less as possible.
If the washing process is carried out for longer than 20 minutes, there is a problem that the cotton fibers are damaged by heat. On the other hand, when the washing process is shorter than 10 minutes, the cotton fibers tend not to be washed uniformly, which is not optimal.

The primary alkaline bath step is a step of immersing in an alkaline solution that exceeds the hot water temperature of the cleaning step but is maintained at 100 ° C. or less within 30 minutes. Preferably, an alkaline bath is performed at 80 ° C. for about 15 minutes.
When the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., there is a problem that the cotton fibers are yellowed. Moreover, it can be said that it is suitable to suppress to 80 degrees C or less in the meaning of preventing yellowing reliably (When it exceeds 80 degreeC, the incidence rate of yellowing increases as temperature rises).

When the primary alkaline bath process is performed for longer than 30 minutes, there is a problem that the cotton fibers are easily damaged by heat. Even within 30 minutes, if it exceeds 15 minutes, there may be variations in whiteness and degreasing properties due to insufficient processing.
The secondary alkali bath step is a step of immersing in an alkaline solution kept at 100 ° C. or more for 60 minutes or more. Preferably, an alkaline bath is performed at 110 to 120 ° C. for about 90 to 120 minutes.

  When the temperature is lower than 100 ° C., there is a problem that the whiteness and degreasing properties of the cotton fiber are insufficient. Further, even when the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, variation in whiteness and degreasing property may occur in the range where the temperature does not reach 110 ° C. due to insufficient processing. On the other hand, at a high temperature exceeding 120 ° C., there is a risk that the cotton fiber may be yellowed or damaged by heat.

  If it is shorter than 60 minutes, there is a problem that whiteness and degreasing properties are insufficient. In addition, even when the time is 60 minutes or longer, when the time does not reach 90 minutes, the whiteness and degreasing properties may vary due to insufficient processing, so it is preferable that the time is 90 minutes or longer. On the other hand, if it exceeds 120 minutes, the cotton fibers may be yellowed or damaged by heat.

Among the three steps described above, the cleaning step and the primary alkaline bath step can be said to be a pretreatment step toward degreasing, and the secondary alkaline bath step can be said to be the main step of degreasing. it can.
In this way, before the secondary alkaline bath step, which is the main degreasing step, the washing step (dirt removal step) and the primary alkaline bath step (preliminary washing step) are carried out, and the penetration effect of chemicals such as alkaline agents Have gained. As a result, the amount of chemicals used in the secondary alkaline bath process will be suppressed, and yellowing and damage due to heat will be suppressed or prevented. There is an advantage that can be increased.

Moreover, the secondary alkali bath process of the above-mentioned three processes can be expressed as a process of slowly simmering at a high temperature for 1 hour or more with a thin caustic soda. Moreover, it can be said that such a secondary alkali bath process is what finally performs a mercerization process (mercise process) with respect to a sweet twist spun yarn.
If it does in this way, fats and oils can be removed, leaving some lumens (the hollow part which exists in the cross-sectional center of each cotton fiber) which is one of the characteristics of raw cotton. Therefore, a moderate slip feeling can be left with respect to the cotton fiber.

After removing the natural fats and oils (cotton wax) and leaflets adhering to the raw cotton by performing degreasing (washing process to secondary alkali bath process) in this way, It is also possible to replenish artificial oils with an appropriate amount in order to ensure an appropriate slip.
In addition, conventionally, when manufacturing absorbent cotton, the alkali bath of 100 to 110 degreeC was performed for 30 to 60 minutes, without pre-processing. In such a conventional process, since the mercerization process proceeds in the middle of degreasing, it is estimated that the fats and oils escape from the cotton fibers at a stretch, and as a result, the entanglement between the cotton fibers is less likely to occur. The
In this way, mercerization is necessary during degreasing, because absorbent cotton is used for medical and hygiene materials, so thorough removal of impurities is necessary, and not only water absorption but also cleanliness. This is probably because whiteness had to be increased.

[Summary]
Next, the points to be noted about the characteristics and the like of the fabric produced using the sweet-twisted spun yarn will be mainly summarized.
As described above, the sweet-twisted spun yarn according to the present invention is obtained by degreasing and bleaching a cotton fiber and then spinning the degreased cotton fiber singly or in combination to form a sweet-twisted structure.
And in the fabric manufactured using this sweet-twisted spun yarn, the quick-drying property is the same as that of cotton, while taking advantage of the superior water-absorbing performance and texture of cotton, depending on the characteristics of the sweet-twisted spun yarn. It has become possible to obtain the characteristics of superiority.

In order to increase the quick-drying properties of fabrics made with sweet-twisted spun yarn, not only will the sweet-twisted spun yarn itself absorb water, but how quickly the adhering moisture will permeate into the surface as a whole. It is important to solve this problem (diffusibility).
In this regard, the adoption of a sweet twisted structure in the sweet twisted spun yarn leads to the presence of minute gaps between the fibers, which can cause capillary action between the fibers and promote the penetration of moisture. It is speculated that this is the source of diffusivity.

  That is, the high water absorbency of the sweet-twisted spun yarn means that the diffusion area as a fabric is increased, and this means that the area that gets wet with the same amount of moisture is increased. It is thought that speed will increase. Here, it can be said that as the number of twists of the sweet-twisted spun yarn is reduced, the water absorption is improved and the quick-drying property as a fabric can be improved.

Needless to say, such a sweet-twisted spun yarn can prevent the cotton fibers from being pulled out by pulling to such an extent that it can sufficiently withstand knitting using a knitting machine (tensile strength). To make it harder to cut).
Here, when observing when the fabric is used as a knitted fabric, in the wale direction, as shown in FIG. 1A, the longitudinal direction (= The diffusibility that moisture is transmitted in the wale direction) seems to be a major factor.

On the other hand, in the course direction, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), moisture is transmitted so that the contacts (indicated by black dots Y) of the loops arranged in each course are connected in the shortest distance in the lateral direction (= course direction). Sex seems to be a major factor.
In this specification, “course” and “course direction” refer to the same direction, and “course” is defined as a direction in which a loop is formed in the knitting structure. Further, “Wale” and “Wale direction” refer to the same direction, and “Wale (Wale direction)” is defined as a direction perpendicular to the course (course direction) on the knitted ground.

As a result of this observation, it was found that it is preferable to reduce the number of loops per ½ inch in both the wale direction and the course direction because contact moisture movement occurs.
On the other hand, it can be observed that when the spun yarn becomes thicker, the water absorption in the wale direction is deteriorated and improved in the course direction. Because, as shown in FIG. 2, the clogging of the wale direction and the increase in the number of contact points cause deterioration in water absorption, and in the course direction, the shortening of the loop length causes improvement in water absorption. This is probably because

  In addition, the sweet-twisted spun yarn can also be produced as a twisted yarn (super water-absorbing diffusion yarn). However, when using a twisted yarn, it is preferable to use degreased cotton fibers and non-degreased fibers (whether they are cotton fibers or other than cotton fibers) from the viewpoint of increasing water absorption and diffusibility. It can be said that. It is speculated that the reason why the diffusibility can be enhanced together with the water absorption is that a structure like a water channel (side-by-side structure yarn) is generated inside the yarn. In addition, it can be said that the twisted structure is also advantageous in that the generation of fluff can be suppressed and the strength of the yarn can be improved.

By the way, about degreasing cotton, it was conventionally known in the manufacturing method of absorbent cotton. As a matter of course, in the absorbent cotton manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method, the natural fats and oils are removed by the degreasing, and the slip between the cotton fibers disappears.
For this reason, it has been extremely difficult (almost impossible) to spin using such cotton wool. The reason for this is that, in the spinning, the fiber arrangement is repeatedly performed while aligning the fibers, and in this fiber arrangement, the oil and fat contained in the fibers is a lubricating oil for causing the fibers to slide well. This is because the oil and fat is removed.

Therefore, the technique of removing fats and oils from cotton fibers before spinning by degreasing means that oils and fats essential for rearranging the fibers are removed in light of conventional spinning technology. It became an obstruction factor.
Further, in the case of absorbent cotton, a large amount of static electricity is generated, so that the roller is frequently wound up during spinning, and spinning cannot proceed at this stage.

However, if you are willing to take the tremendous effort of selecting only cotton fibers with a long fiber length from absorbent cotton (selecting and removing fibers with a short fiber length), you will still need to use cotton wool as a raw material. It may not be impossible to spin as.
However, in such a method, as a matter of course, the yield related to spinning is poor and the production efficiency is low, so that the cost is unrealistic. In addition, yarn spun by such a method is expected to frequently break, and it is predicted that stable knitting will not be possible. I must.

  On the other hand, when using raw cotton without degreasing, even if trying to reduce the number of twists and make a sweet twist, excessive slippage between the fibers due to the oil and fat contained in the cotton fiber Therefore, it can be said that spinning is almost impossible. Even if it can be spun, the tensile strength of the spun yarn cannot be increased because the spun yarn is easily pulled out when tension is applied to the spun yarn. Therefore, such a spun yarn cannot be used for knitting using a knitting machine.

In addition, water absorption as a fabric is regarded as important, and in recent years, the general production method is outlined with an example of clothing such as towels, which are often required for the touch (texture). The yarn is made from swarf, warped, glued, put on a loom, made into a fabric, scoured and bleached (dyed), and then proceeded to the sewing finish.
Of these, oil and fat, glue, contaminants, and the like are removed during the scouring process, and this scouring corresponds to the degreasing and drifting processes.

In such a production method, it is no exaggeration to say that the degree of strength of scouring (degreasing) dominates the quality of water absorption. However, if the oil and fat content is removed too much, the texture will be damaged, and the balance is important depending on the required properties and use of the dough.
In addition, in the procedure of scouring (degreasing) after forming raw cotton from yarn into woven fabric, it is not sufficient to infiltrate the scouring agent and the alkaline agent into each fiber, and therefore tends to be uneven. This has led to variations in the amount of fats and oils contained in the fibers, and has become a factor that makes the water absorption as a fabric unstable.

  As described above, it should be said that the manufacturing methods incorporating a number of conventionally known degreasing methods are only different from the present invention in terms of the basic principle of the technical idea.

  Examples will be described below.

  “Cotton types” listed in the table are classified according to the fiber length of the cotton fibers, and shall be classified according to the following table.

<Example 1>
Spinning uses a known spinning machine to feed a single roving yarn to the draft part and wind it around a bobbin that rotates at the same level as the spindle while twisting with a traveler sliding on the ring. It was. Only non-degreased medium-long cotton was used as the yarn constituting the roving yarn. Spinning was performed with an English cotton count of 50 and a twist coefficient of 2.5.
<Example 2>
Spinning was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Only defatted medium-long cotton was used as the yarn constituting the roving. Spinning was performed with an English cotton count of 50 and a twisting factor of 2.7.
<Example 3>
This is an example of fine spinning and twisting (silospan). That is, using a known spinning machine, a method was adopted in which two rovings were inserted into the same draft part and twisted immediately after passing through the front roller. One Shinomaki was 100% defatted cotton fiber, and the other Shinomaki was 100% non-defatted cotton fiber. The thickness of Shinomaki was 183 gr / 30 yd (0.432 g / m).

It was spun as an English cotton count 50 and a twist coefficient of 2.6, and was made a side-by-side structure with 50% degreased cotton fibers and 50% non-degreased cotton fibers.
<Examples 4 to 13>
The fine spinning was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the yarn constituting the roving yarn, the cotton count of spinning and the twisting factor were those shown in Table 2, respectively.
<Fabric properties>
Using the spun yarn containing cotton fibers obtained in Examples 1 to 13, a 1 × 1 milled knitted fabric was knitted by an 18 gauge circular knitting machine.

The cover factor, fabric weight, and fabric thickness of each fabric produced are as described in Table 2. Further, with respect to the prepared dough, the drying time, the diffusion area, and the water retention amount until the water absorption and diffusive residual moisture content reached 10% were evaluated, and the results shown in Table 2 were obtained.
By the way, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed according to the embodiment.

For example, the sweet-twisted spun yarn can have a composite function other than water absorption.
In addition to the above, the method for spinning the sweet-spun spun yarn includes ordinary rings, compacts, core yarns, rotor-type open ends, MJS, and MVS.
Examples of fibers other than cotton fibers that can be mixed with cotton fibers include cellulosic fibers such as rayon, lyocell, cupra, hemp, and acetate.

  As mentioned above, fabrics manufactured with sweet-twisted spun yarn are all textile products including knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. Including underwear, outer garments, socks, and collars), towels and handkerchiefs are included.

X Black spot indicating contact lined up in the wale direction Y Black spot showing contact lined up in the course direction

Claims (7)

  A fabric made of spun yarn containing cotton fiber, characterized in that it is made of spun yarn containing cotton fiber as a base material, and the drying time to reach a diffusible residual moisture content of 10% is within 65 minutes.   The fabric made of a spun yarn containing cotton fibers according to claim 1, wherein the drying time is within 50 minutes. ^3. A fabric made from a spun yarn containing cotton fibers according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water retention amount is 2.6 g / cm2 or more. Fabrics Fabric basis weight of a material spun yarn of cotton fiber content according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is 80 g / m ² or more 160 g / m ² or less.   The dough made of cotton fiber-containing spun yarn according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cotton fiber has a twist coefficient of 0 or more and 3.6 or less.   6. The fabric made of a spun yarn containing cotton fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cotton fibers have an average fiber length of 21 mm or more and 35 mm or less.   The fabric made of a spun yarn containing cotton fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the spun yarn is formed only of cotton fibers.