JP2019131076A - Railway wheel and device for measuring shape of railway wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a railway wheel that can measure a tread shape while grasping a position in a circumferential direction and suppresses cost, time and effort.SOLUTION: A railway wheel 1 travels on a rail. The railway wheel 1 includes an annular rim part 2. The rim part 2 includes: a tread 2A coming into contact with the rail; and a side surface 2C crossing with the tread 2A. The side surface 2C has an uneven pattern 4 of which cross-sectional shape at a virtual surface including a rotation axis P1 of the rim part 2 varies in a circumferential direction of the rim part 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a railway wheel and a railway wheel shape measuring apparatus.

  As for railway wheels, it is important to manage the shape of the tread from the viewpoint of running stability and riding comfort. As a tread shape management method, a method has been devised in which a tread is irradiated with a laser to measure the tread shape (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2015-215267 A

  Railway wheels do not always wear uniformly in the circumferential direction due to the effect of sliding. Therefore, grasping | ascertaining of the road surface shape in the whole circumferential direction of a wheel is calculated | required. However, in the prior art, the shape of the tread can be measured, but it is difficult to specify the position (that is, the phase) at which the shape is measured.

  In order to specify the measurement position in the circumferential direction with the prior art, the tread surface shape is continuously measured by a plurality of devices, the device is measured while running in parallel with the railway vehicle, the body, the carriage, the axle, and the wheels in this order. It is necessary to measure the wheel after removing it. Both of these methods are costly and labor intensive.

  One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a railway wheel capable of measuring a tread shape while grasping a circumferential position while suppressing cost and labor.

  One aspect of the present disclosure is a railway wheel that travels on a rail. The railway wheel includes an annular rim portion. The rim portion has a tread surface that contacts the rail and a side surface that intersects the tread surface. The side surface has a concavo-convex pattern in which a cross-sectional shape at a virtual plane including the rotation axis of the rim portion changes along the circumferential direction of the rim portion.

  According to such a configuration, it is possible to specify the circumferential position of the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface based on the cross-sectional shape of the concave-convex pattern by measuring the cross-sectional shape of the concave-convex pattern when measuring the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface. Therefore, it is possible to measure the tread shape while grasping the circumferential position of the railway wheel using a relatively simple measuring device while the railway wheel is attached to the vehicle.

  In one aspect of the present disclosure, the concavo-convex pattern may be configured by at least two grooves or at least two ridges formed on the side surface so as to surround the rotation axis of the rim portion. The at least two grooves or the at least two ridges may be configured such that the distance from each other in the radial direction of the rim portion varies along the circumferential direction of the rim portion. According to such a structure, the uneven | corrugated pattern for pinpointing the position of the circumferential direction can be provided easily and reliably.

  Another aspect of the present disclosure is a railway wheel shape measuring device including an annular rim portion. The rim portion has a tread surface that contacts the rail and a side surface that intersects the tread surface. The railway wheel shape measuring device includes a measuring unit configured to measure a cross-sectional shape of a tread on a virtual surface including a rotation axis of the rim. The cross-sectional shape of the tread includes the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern provided on the side surface of the rim portion. The concavo-convex pattern is configured such that the cross-sectional shape changes along the circumferential direction of the rim portion.

  According to such a configuration, the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface and the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern are simultaneously measured by the measurement unit, and the circumferential position of the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface is specified based on the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern. Can do.

  In one aspect of the present disclosure, the measurement unit may measure the cross-sectional shape of the tread by a light cutting method using laser light. According to such a configuration, the cross-sectional shape of the tread can be measured with high accuracy.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a railway wheel in the embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance between the grooves and the phase in the circumferential direction in the railway wheel of FIG. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G, and 4H are schematic explanatory views of the uneven pattern on the side surface in the embodiment different from FIG. FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the railway wheel shape measuring apparatus in the embodiment. 6A is a schematic explanatory view of a concavo-convex pattern on a side surface in an embodiment different from FIG. 1, FIG. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VIB-VIB in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6A is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VIC-VIC in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6D is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line VID-VID in FIG. 6A.

Hereinafter, embodiments to which the present disclosure is applied will be described with reference to the drawings.
[1. First Embodiment]
[1-1. Railway wheel]
A railway wheel 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a wheel for a railway vehicle. The railway wheel 1 travels on a rail that constitutes a track. The track is composed of two rails, and two rail wheels 1 are used by being assembled at both ends of one axle.

The railway wheel 1 includes an annular rim portion 2 and a disk-shaped plate portion 3 disposed inside the rim portion 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the rim portion 2 has a tread surface 2A, a flange 2B, and a side surface 2C.

<Tread>
The tread 2A is a surface that comes into contact with the rail when the railway wheel 1 travels on the rail. The cross section of the tread surface 2A at the virtual plane including the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2 (that is, the cross section of the tread surface 2A including the rotation axis P1) is substantially parallel to the rotation axis P1 of the railway wheel 1, that is, the railway wheel 1 is It extends in a generally horizontal direction when installed on the rail.

<Flange>
The flange 2B is an annular portion that protrudes radially outward of the rim portion 2 from the tread surface 2A over the entire circumferential direction of the rim portion 2. The flange 2B contacts the inner side surface of the rail, that is, the surface where the rails face each other.

<Side>
The side surface 2C is a surface that intersects the tread surface 2A. In the present embodiment, the side surface 2C extends in the vertical direction in a state where the railway wheel 1 is installed on the rail. That is, the side surface 2C is a surface perpendicular to the rotation axis P1 of the railway wheel 1. Further, the side surface 2C is a surface disposed on the opposite side to the flange 2B (that is, the outside of the rail) in the axial direction of the railway wheel 1 (left and right direction in FIG. 2).

(Uneven pattern)
The side surface 2C has a concavo-convex pattern 4 as shown in FIG. The concavo-convex pattern 4 includes three grooves (a first groove 4A, a second groove 4B, and a third groove 4C) formed in the side surface 2C so as to surround the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2.

  The first groove 4 </ b> A is an annular groove that forms a perfect circle around the rotation axis P <b> 1 of the rim portion 2. The second groove 4B is an annular groove that is concentric with the first groove 4A and forms a perfect circle having a larger diameter than the first groove 4A. That is, the second groove 4B is disposed outside the first groove 4A.

  The third groove 4 </ b> C is a spiral curved groove that is disposed between the first groove 4 </ b> A and the second groove 4 </ b> B and makes a round around the rotation axis P <b> 1 of the rim portion 2. The first end 4D of the third groove 4C is connected to the first groove 4A, and the second end 4E of the third groove 4C is connected to the second groove 4B. In the third groove 4C, the distance from the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2 increases from the first end 4D to the second end 4E.

  The first end 4D and the second end 4E of the third groove 4C are positioned at the same phase in the circumferential direction of the rim portion 2. Strictly speaking, the first end 4D and the second end 4E are not positioned in the same phase due to the groove width, but the first end 4D and the second end 4E overlap at least in the circumferential direction of the rim portion 2. Therefore, the radial distance between the first groove 4A and the third groove 4C can be measured over the entire circumference.

  In the third groove 4C, the distance between the first groove 4A and the second groove 4B in the radial direction of the rim portion 2 is continuously increased from the first end 4D to the second end 4E, and the third groove 4C is in contact with the second groove 4B. The distance is continuously reduced. That is, in the concavo-convex pattern 4, the cross-sectional shape (see FIG. 2) at the virtual plane including the rotation axis P <b> 1 of the rim portion 2 changes along the circumferential direction of the rim portion 2.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, when the phase in the clockwise circumferential direction when viewed from the side surface 2C of the rim portion 2 is θ, the radial distance between the first groove 4A and the third groove 4C is θ The function R (θ) of Accordingly, by measuring R (θ), the phase θ at the position where R (θ) is measured can be obtained. In the present embodiment, R (θ) is a linear function of θ and is proportional to θ.

  The cross-sectional shape in the virtual plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the first groove 4A, the second groove 4B, and the third groove 4C is not particularly limited. Examples of the cross-sectional shape of each concave portion include a polygon such as a triangle and a quadrangle, and a semicircle.

  In the present embodiment, the distance between the second groove 4B and the third groove 4C may be measured instead of the distance between the first groove 4A and the third groove 4C. Further, both the distance between the first groove 4A and the third groove 4C and the distance between the second groove 4B and the third groove 4C may be measured.

  The uneven | corrugated pattern 4 in this indication is not limited to what is shown in FIG. For example, as shown to FIG. 4A, the uneven | corrugated pattern 4 may be comprised only from the 1st groove | channel 4A and the 3rd groove | channel 4C. Moreover, as shown to FIG. 4B, the uneven | corrugated pattern 4 may be comprised only from the 2nd groove | channel 4B and the 3rd groove | channel 4C.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4C, the concave / convex pattern 4 may be one in which two circular grooves 14A and 14B are arranged with their centers shifted. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4D, the concavo-convex pattern 4 may be a pattern in which two grooves 14C and 14D that are a combination of a perfect circle and an ellipse are shifted from each other.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4E, the concave / convex pattern 4 includes a perfect groove 14A and a teardrop-shaped (that is, a shape in which a part of a circle protrudes in a radial direction from the other part) and an annular groove 14E. You may comprise in combination. Further, as shown in FIG. 4F, the uneven pattern 4 may be configured by a combination of two grooves 14F and 14G obtained by inverting the left and right sides of the uneven pattern 4 in FIG. 4E.

  Furthermore, the uneven pattern 4 may be formed by two or more protrusions formed on the side surface 2C so as to surround the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2 instead of the groove. The cross-sectional shape of each ridge can be set to an arbitrary shape as in the case of the groove.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4G, the concavo-convex pattern 4 is formed by two ridges (the first ridge 34A and the second ridge 34B) obtained by cutting the region between the first line 24A and the second line 24B. May be formed.

  The first line 24A is a line that overlaps the first groove 4A in FIG. 3, and the second line 24B is a line that overlaps the third groove 4C in FIG. The first ridge 34A is provided in a region radially inward of the first line 24A, and the second ridge 34B is provided in a region radially outside of the second line 24B.

  Similarly, as shown in FIG. 4H, the concavo-convex pattern is obtained by two ridges (the third ridge 34C and the fourth ridge 34D) obtained by cutting the region between the second line 24B and the third line 24C. 4 may be formed. Here, the third line 24C is a line overlapping the second groove 4B of FIG.

[1-2. Railway wheel shape measuring device]
A railway wheel shape measuring device (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “shape measuring device”) 10 shown in FIG. 5 is a device for measuring the shape of the railway wheel 1. The shape measuring apparatus 10 includes a measuring unit 11 and a processing unit 12.

<Measurement unit>
The measurement unit 11 measures the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A on a virtual surface including the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2. Specifically, the measurement unit 11 measures the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A shown in FIG. 2 by a light cutting method using laser light irradiation to the tread surface 2A and imaging by a camera.

The cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2 </ b> A measured by the measurement unit 11 includes the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern 4 provided on the side surface 2 </ b> C of the rim portion 2.
Note that the measurement unit 11 can perform measurement on the traveling railway wheel 1.

<Processing unit>
The processing unit 12 calculates the relationship between the cross-sectional shape and the phase θ from the measurement result of the measurement unit 11. The processing unit 12 is configured by a computer including an input / output unit, for example.

  The processing unit 12 uses, for example, a known relationship between the phase θ and the distance R (θ) between the two concave portions or the two convex portions in the concavo-convex pattern 4, and calculates the phase θ of the cross-sectional shape from the distance in the measured cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A and the phase θ are calculated and linked.

  Further, the processing unit 12 can easily calculate and evaluate the roundness on the tread 2A of the railway wheel 1 by obtaining a plurality of cross-sectional shapes having different phases from the measurement unit 11 for one railway wheel 1. Can do. A plurality of cross-sectional shapes with different phases may be measured simultaneously in one measurement. Moreover, you may obtain several cross-sectional shape from which a phase differs by repeating the measurement of the cross-sectional shape in one phase, for example within fixed periods, such as one month.

[1-3. effect]
According to the embodiment detailed above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1a) By measuring the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern 4 at the time of measuring the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A, the circumferential position (ie, phase Θ) of the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A is specified based on the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern 4. be able to. Therefore, the shape of the tread can be measured while grasping the position in the circumferential direction of the railway wheel 1 using a relatively simple measuring device while the railway wheel 1 is attached to the vehicle.

  (1b) The concavo-convex pattern 4 for specifying the phase θ by configuring the concavo-convex pattern 4 by at least two grooves or at least two ridges formed on the side surface 2C so as to surround the rotation axis P1 of the rim portion 2. Can be provided easily and reliably.

(1c) The cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A can be measured with high accuracy by using a light cutting method using laser light in the measurement unit 11.
(1d) The measuring unit 11 can be installed on the side of a track on which vehicles such as a vehicle base and a stop travel frequently. Thereby, a large amount of the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A can be accumulated in a short period of time.

(1e) It is possible to measure the roundness of a wheel that leads to the comfort of the vehicle, and to detect a decrease in the roundness before the ride comfort deteriorates and to repair such as correction.
(1f) In place of inspection of tread wear, flange thickness, wheel diameter, and the like, by performing shape measurement by the shape measuring device 10 of the present disclosure, significant labor saving can be realized.

  (1g) The wear mechanism can be clarified by analyzing the cross-sectional shape of the accumulated tread surface 2A. In addition, the inspection cycle, correction method, maintenance standards, etc. can be reviewed.

[2. Other Embodiments]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this indication was described, it cannot be overemphasized that this indication can take various forms, without being limited to the above-mentioned embodiment.

  (2a) In the railway wheel 1 of the above embodiment, the uneven pattern 4 does not necessarily have to be configured by at least two grooves or at least two ridges. As shown in FIG. 6A, the concavo-convex pattern 4 may be a combination of a plurality of block-shaped concave portions 44A and convex portions 44B.

  In the uneven pattern 4 of FIG. 6A, as shown in FIGS. 6B, 6C, and 6D, the cross-sectional shape of the uneven pattern 4 changes intermittently depending on the phase. Therefore, by preparing a table representing the relationship between the phase and the sectional shape of the concavo-convex pattern 4, the phase of the sectional shape of the tread surface 2A can be specified.

  (2b) In the railway wheel shape measuring apparatus 10 of the above embodiment, the measuring unit 11 is configured to measure the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A by a method other than the light cutting method if the cross-sectional shape of the uneven pattern 4 can be measured. May be.

  Furthermore, the measurement unit 11 may include a plurality of devices that measure the shape of the railway wheel 1, and may be configured to obtain the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2A by combining data obtained from these devices. For example, the measurement unit 11 may be configured by a device that measures the cross-sectional shape of the tread surface 2 </ b> A excluding the uneven pattern 4 and a device that measures the cross-sectional shape of the uneven pattern 4.

  (2c) The functions of one component in the above embodiment may be distributed as a plurality of components, or the functions of a plurality of components may be integrated into one component. Moreover, you may abbreviate | omit a part of structure of the said embodiment. In addition, at least a part of the configuration of the above embodiment may be added to or replaced with the configuration of the other embodiment. In addition, all the aspects included in the technical idea specified from the wording described in the claims are embodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railway wheel, 2 ... Rim part, 2A ... Tread surface, 2B ... Flange, 2C ... Side surface, 3 ... Plate part,
4 ... Uneven pattern, 4A ... 1st groove, 4B ... 2nd groove, 4C ... 3rd groove, 4D ... 1st end,
4E ... second end, 10 ... shape measuring device, 11 ... measuring unit, 12 ... processing unit,
14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F, 14G ... groove,
24A ... 1st line, 24B ... 2nd line, 24C ... 3rd line, 34A ... 1st ridge,
34B ... 2nd ridge, 34C ... 3rd ridge, 34D ... 4th ridge,
44A ... concave part, 44B ... convex part.

Claims (4)

A railway wheel traveling on a rail,
An annular rim portion having a tread surface that contacts the rail and a side surface that intersects the tread surface;
The rail wheel has a concavo-convex pattern in which a cross-sectional shape at a virtual plane including a rotation axis of the rim portion changes along a circumferential direction of the rim portion. The railway wheel according to claim 1,
The concavo-convex pattern is constituted by at least two grooves or at least two ridges formed on the side surface so as to surround the rotation axis of the rim portion,
The railway wheel, wherein the at least two grooves or the at least two ridges are configured such that a distance from each other in a radial direction of the rim portion varies along a circumferential direction of the rim portion. A railway wheel shape measuring device comprising an annular rim portion having a tread surface contacting a rail and a side surface intersecting the tread surface,
A measuring unit configured to measure the cross-sectional shape of the tread on a virtual plane including the rotation axis of the rim,
The cross-sectional shape of the tread includes a cross-sectional shape of a concavo-convex pattern provided on a side surface of the rim portion,
The said uneven | corrugated pattern is a shape measuring apparatus of a railway wheel comprised so that the said cross-sectional shape may change along the circumferential direction of the said rim | limb part. It is a shape measuring apparatus of a railway wheel according to claim 3,
The measuring unit is a railway wheel shape measuring device that measures a cross-sectional shape of the tread by a light cutting method using laser light.