JP2019113624A - Rectification member for air reed musical instrument, stopper of air reed musical instrument and air reed musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

To prevent occurrence of a crack of sound even if special consideration is not given to strength of breath blowing-in to an air passage during performance of an air reed musical instrument.SOLUTION: A rectification member for head tube of an air reed musical instrument, in which a rectification face which rises from an inner peripheral face of the head tube of the air reed musical instrument and guides air flow in a resonance space to a space between a blowoff port of a jet and an edge is formed is provided. The rectification face rises immediately from the inner peripheral face of the head tube, namely, it rises without installing a large step from the inner peripheral face of the head tube.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an air reed instrument such as a recorder.

  The recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is generally used as a music teaching material in an elementary school and a junior high school. For example, in elementary schools, soprano recorders are generally used, and in junior high schools, altricorders are used. In the air lead instrument, a playing sound is generated by the jet corresponding to the breath blown into the airway acting on the edge facing the airway outlet or a plate-like member called a lapum. The same applies to the recorder. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving the attractiveness of the playing sound by making the playing sound of the recorder into a loud and heavy sound.

Patent No. 2618814

  Breathing into the airways is essential when playing an airlead instrument, but if you overblown the breath too much you may experience a flipping sound. Reversal of sound means, for example, that overtones can be played despite the fact that the tone hole is pressed with the intention of playing basic tones. There has been no technical means for preventing such sound reversal, and the only way to play an airlead instrument without causing sound reversal is to properly adjust the strength of the breath blown into the airway.

  However, it may be difficult for novices to properly adjust the strength of the breath blown into the airway, and frequent turning over may cause them to lose interest in playing the airlead instrument. As mentioned above, the recorder which is one of the air reed instruments is used as a teaching material in the music education in the elementary school and the junior high school, and the student who did not play well by the reversal of the sound loses interest in the performance and dislikes the music class And there was a risk of losing interest in the music itself.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and it produces sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway when playing an airlead instrument. The purpose is to provide technology that makes it difficult to

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is characterized in that a straightening surface is formed which rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube of the air reed instrument and guides the air flow in the resonance space to the space between the jet outlet and the edge. A straightening member for an air lead musical instrument is provided.

  Although details will be described in the embodiment of the present invention, by providing such a straightening member in the tube of the air lead instrument, the resonance characteristic in the air lead instrument and the backstep flow in the air lead instrument are changed, and sound reversal occurs. It becomes difficult to do. Although a head pipe is mentioned as a specific example of a pipe in which a straightening member is installed, it is not limited to this, It may be a central pipe or a foot pipe. In addition, backstep flow means air flow in the opposite direction to the jet generated by blowing air into the airway, and it may occur when flowing fluid in a tube whose cross section is rapidly expanded like an air reed instrument. Generally known.

  In a more preferred aspect, the straightening surface of the straightening member is characterized in that it immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube. The fact that the straightening surface rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead instrument tube means that the straightening surface rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead musical instrument tube, and more specifically, the beginning of the straightening surface It means that there is no big step between the point and the inner surface of the air reed instrument tube. If there is a large level difference between the straightening surface and the inner circumferential surface of the pipe, the above-mentioned backstep flow is hindered by the level difference and the straightening effect can not be obtained. A straightening member for an air lead musical instrument is provided, characterized in that a straightening surface is formed which is inclined and immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the air lead musical instrument tube so as to obtain the same function and effect. It is good.

  Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a plug for a head tube of an air-reed musical instrument, characterized in that it comprises the above-mentioned flow straightening member. The plug is a member also called a block or nipple. Some air lead instruments are manufactured as separate members for the head tube and the plug for the head tube, for the convenience of production. With such an air lead instrument, replacing the conventional plug with the plug of the present invention generates a sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of breath blowing into the airway during performance. It becomes possible to make it difficult.

  Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an air-reed instrument comprising a head tube provided with a jet outlet directed to an edge, and the flow straightening member. Such an air-leaded instrument is suitable for beginners because it is difficult for the sound to be reversed even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway during performance.

  In a more preferred embodiment, the air reed instrument is a recorder. Such a recorder is suitable as a music teaching material for elementary school or junior high school students because it is difficult to generate sound reversal even if special attention is not given to the strength of breathing in the airway during performance. .

It is a figure showing the appearance of air lead instrument 1 by one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of a head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1; It is a figure which shows the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 along an XX 'line in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the angle (theta) of the straightening surface 20a, and the flow velocity of the jet JS which the inversion of a sound generate | occur | produces. It is a figure which shows the flow straightening member 20 of other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow straightening member 20 of other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the flow straightening member 20 of other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the rectification | straightening member 20 in other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the air lead instrument 1A whose head pipe | tube 10 and the stopper 30 are another members. It is a figure which shows the example of application to the air lead instrument 1A which is other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other structural example of the stopper for air lead instrument 1A. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the air lead instrument 1B of other embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(A: Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is an external view of an air reed instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air reed instrument 1 of the present embodiment is a recorder. The air lead instrument 1 is connected to the middle tube 50 via the head tube 10, the middle tube 50 connected to the head tube 10 via the joint portion 40, and the middle tube 50 via the joint portion 60, as in a general recorder. And the foot tube 70. The head tube 10 is provided with a mouthpiece (not shown in FIG. 1) and an edge (also called lapum) 10 e through which exhalation is blown when playing, and the middle tube 50 has a pitch of the playing sound. A plurality of sound holes (also called tone holes) are provided in response to which the player's fingers are plugged, and these points are similar to a general recorder. Since the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a general recorder, the playing method such as fingering is the same as that of a general recorder. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. The head tube 10 is provided with an airway 10b communicating with the above-mentioned air outlet. In addition to the components of the air lead instrument 1, FIG. 2 shows a jet JS generated in response to the breath blown into the airway 10b and a back step flow BS generated in response to the inflow of the jet JS. The backstep flow means an air flow in the opposite direction to the jet JS generated by blowing air into the airway 10b, and when flowing the fluid into a tube whose cross section is rapidly enlarged like the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1. It is generally known to occur.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 on the side facing the edge 10e is directed from the downstream side to the upstream side of the jet JS (the flow direction of the backstep flow BS, That is, toward the flow direction opposite to the jet JS), and from the inner peripheral surface 10a toward the outlet 10c of the jet JS (that is, in the Y direction in FIG. 2), the inner peripheral surface 10a From this point, there is provided a flow straightening member 20 having a straightening surface 20a which is inclined at an angle (angle between the inner circumferential surface 10a and the straightening surface 20a) which is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees. The features of this embodiment are as follows. The fact that the straightening surface 20a rises immediately from the inner circumferential surface 10a means that the straightening surface 20a rises directly or immediately from the inner circumferential surface 10a, and more specifically, the starting point and the inner circumferential surface of the straightening surface 20a It means that there is no big step between 10a. Also, in the following, the downstream side of the jet JS is simply referred to as “downstream side”, and the side opposite to the downstream side is referred to as “upstream side”. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the flow straightening member 20 is provided so that the flow straight surface 20a and the edge 10e face each other, but the flow straightening member 20 is shifted in the inner circumferential direction of the head tube 10 Also good.

  The flow straightening member 20 guides and rectifies the back step flow BS generated in the resonance space (specifically, the inner space of the air reed instrument 1) to the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e of the jet JS. It is. Although the details will be described later, according to an experiment conducted by the inventor of the present application, it was found that the rectification of the backstep flow BS as described above makes it difficult to generate the sound reversal. For this reason, in the present embodiment, a rectifying member 20 for rectifying the Bax step flow BS is provided. The rectifying surface 20a is provided so as to immediately rise from the inner circumferential surface 10a so as not to interfere with the back step flow BS. From the viewpoint of the rectification effect of the back step flow BS, as shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 facing the edge 10e (the inner peripheral surface 10a of the head tube 10 Preferably, the flow straightening member 20 is provided such that the flow straightening surface 20a rises from the surface facing the edge 10e, but the surface on the side provided with the edge 10e is preferably provided on a surface other than the surface on which the edge 10e is provided. If the rectifying member 20 is provided such that the rectifying surface 20a rises from the other surface, the rectifying effect of the back step flow BS can be obtained, so the rectifying member 20 is provided on the surface other than the surface provided with the edge 10e. Also good. For example, the rectifying member 20 may be provided on the surface in the Z direction in FIG. 2 (so that the rectifying surface 20 a rises from the surface in the Z direction).

  FIG. 3 is a view of the cross section of the air reed instrument 1 taken along the line XX ′ in FIG. 2 as viewed from the upstream side. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the length in the Z-axis direction of the flow straightening member 20 is smaller than the inner diameter of the head pipe 10, and the side surface 20b of the flow straightening member 20 and the inner circumferential surface 10a of the head pipe 10a There is a gap between them, but the length of the flow straightening member 20 in the Z-axis direction may be larger, and the side surface 20b and the inner circumferential surface 10a may be connected. However, the larger the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction, the higher the rectifying effect, while the volume of the internal space (resonance space) of the air reed instrument 1 becomes smaller, making it difficult to play the air reed instrument 1 Can be difficult to come out). Therefore, the length of the rectifying member 20 in the Z-axis direction may be set to a suitable value in consideration of the size of the rectifying effect and the ease of playing.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the flow straightening member 20 is provided such that the end on the upstream side is in contact with the wall surface 10 d immediately below the outlet 10 c of the jet JS, that is, without opening a gap with the wall surface 10 d. Hereinafter, the angle θ made by the wall surface 10d and the straightening surface 20a will be referred to as “the straightening surface angle”. According to the experiment conducted by the inventor of the present invention, when the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a is increased to 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, the frequency f0 of the fundamental sound of the air reed instrument 1 and the frequency f1 of the second harmonic It turns out that, as the ratio r = f1 / f0 of the both gradually deviates from the integer value and the deviation from the integer value of the ratio r becomes larger, the reversal of sound becomes more difficult to occur. In the present embodiment, this is also used to suppress the sound reversal.

  FIG. 4 shows the frequency of the sound played by the airlead instrument 1 when the flow velocity of the jet JS is gradually increased when the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a is 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees. FIG. When the angle θ of the straightening surface 20a is 0 degree (in other words, when the straightening member 20 is not provided), sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 8.6 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 15 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 9.4 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 30 degrees, sound reversal occurs when the flow velocity of the jet JS is 10.5 m / s or more. When the angle θ is 45 degrees, the flow velocity of the jet JS is 13.5 m / m. s] Reversal of sound occurs when it becomes more than.

  That is, as the flow straightening member 20 is provided in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1 and the angle θ of the flow straight surface 20a is increased, the flow velocity of the jet JS at which the sound turns over becomes faster. This means that the flow velocity range of the jet JS that does not generate sound reversal is broadened, and the sound of the air reed instrument does not need to pay special attention to the strength of the breath blowing to the airway 10b. It means that it is difficult for the flipping back to occur. FIG. 4 shows the respective cases of 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 45 degrees as the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20a, and the case of θ = 45 degrees has the highest effect of suppressing the sound reverse. It is shown. However, the angle θ of the rectifying surface 20 a is not limited to an angle within the range of 0 degree <θ ≦ 45 degrees. However, in the case of θ = 90 degrees, there is no resonance space, and no playing sound is produced. Therefore, the rectifying surface 20a is within the range of 0 degrees <θ <90 degrees in consideration of the effect of suppressing turning back and the ease of playing. The angle of may be set to a suitable value.

  As described above, the appearance of the air reed instrument 1 is similar to that of a conventional general recorder, and the playing method such as fingering is similar to that of the conventional general recorder. According to the present embodiment, by providing the rectifying member 20 in the head tube 10 of the air lead instrument 1, the resonance characteristic of the air lead instrument 1 is changed, and the backstep flow BS is rectified. Even if it does not pay special attention to the strength of the blow of air into the airway 10b at this time, even if it is played by the same performance method as in the past, it becomes difficult for the sound to reverse.

(B: Other Embodiments)
As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, the following embodiment can be considered besides the said embodiment.
(1) In the above embodiment, although an application example to a recorder has been described, the present invention may be applied to other air reed instruments such as a flute. If the present invention is not applied to an air reed instrument other than a recorder such as a flute (ie, the flow straightening member 20 is not provided), if the blowing of air into the airway is made too strong during playing, sound reversal occurs. Because Moreover, the pipe | tube which becomes an installation destination of a rectification | straightening member is not limited to a head pipe | tube, A middle part pipe | tube may be sufficient and Moreover, a foot part pipe | tube may be sufficient. The point is that in the case of an air lead instrument having a tube provided with a jet outlet directed toward the edge, it rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube and guides the air flow in the resonance space to the space between the jet outlet and the edge. By providing the rectifying member having the rectifying surface formed thereon, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of blowing of breath into the airway at the time of playing.

(2) The straightening surface 20a in the above embodiment rises linearly from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 with a constant inclination. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the straightening surface 20a may rise in a curved manner so that the slope becomes steep gradually from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10, and in FIG. As shown, the straightening surface 20a may rise in a curved manner so that the inclination gradually becomes gentler from the downstream side to the upstream side of the head tube 10. The point is that the straightening surface 20a may be inclined immediately from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube 10 regardless of whether it is linear or curved. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 7, there may be a gap between the wall surface 10 d just below the outlet of the jet JS in the head tube 10 and the flow straightening member 20.

  When providing the rectifying member 20 by opening a gap between the wall surface 10d and the wall surface 10d, an extension line of the rectifying surface 20a (a tangent line of the rectifying surface 20a when it curves up) corresponds to the line segment CB in FIG. The rectifying member 20 may be provided by adjusting the arrangement position and the angle θ so as to intersect the line segment CD. This is to secure the role of the straightening member 20 for guiding the back step flow BS into the space between the outlet 10c and the edge 10e. For example, in order to satisfy the condition that the extension line of the straightening surface 20a intersects with the line segment CB or the line segment CD in FIG. 8, the angle θ is 0 degree <θ <90 so that the straightening member 20 is provided away from the wall surface 10d. It should be increased within the range of degrees (eg, greater than 45 degrees).

(3) The flow straightening member 20 may be formed integrally with the head pipe 10, or even if both are not formed integrally (that is, the head pipe 10 and the flow straightening member 20 are separately formed. The flow straightening member 20 may be installed in the head tube 10 later). For example, as a specific example of a mode in which the flow control member 20 and the head tube 10 are not integrally formed, as shown in FIG. 9, in the air lead instrument 1A in which the head tube 10 and the plug 30 are separate members, Instead, it is conceivable to provide the flow control member 20 on the plug 30. The plug is a member also called a block or nipple, and in the air lead instrument 1A, an airway 10c is formed by inserting the plug 30 into the head tube 10. As a specific example of the aspect which provides the flow adjustment member 20 in the plug 30 instead of the head pipe 10, as shown in FIG. 10, the head pipe 10 and the plug 30 are configured and generated as separate members (that is, parts The flow straightening member 20 is attached to the plug 30 using an adhesive or the like (step SA10), and the plug 30 onto which the flow straightening member 20 is attached is inserted into the head tube 10 (step SA20). The aspect which comprises 1A can be considered. Some air lead instruments are manufactured as separate members for the head tube and the plug for the head tube, for the convenience of production. In the case of such an air reed instrument, by attaching the above-described commutated member to the conventional plug and attaching it to the head tube, special consideration is given to the strength of the blow of air into the airway when playing. It is possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if you do not pay for it.

  In addition, the plug 30A having the same shape as the flow straightening member 20 and the plug 30 (in other words, the plug 30A integrally formed with the flow straightening member 20: see FIG. 11) is divided into parts separately from the head tube 10, In step SA20 of FIG. 10, the plug 30A shown in FIG. 11 is inserted in place of the stuck plug 30 of the flow straightening member 20 in the space into which the plug 30 of the flow straightening member 20 is stuck in the head tube 10. The air lead instrument 1A may be configured by By replacing the conventional plug 30 with the plug 30A, it becomes possible to make it difficult to generate sound reversal even if no special consideration is given to the strength of the breath blowing into the airway during the performance. When the flow straightening member 20 is made into a single part, when the flow straightening member 20 is mounted on a parted flow straightening member 20, that is, the head tube of an air reed instrument, it rises from the inner circumferential surface of the head tube and the air flow in the resonance space is A flow straightening member having a flow straightening surface which guides the space between the jet outlet and the edge may be manufactured and sold alone. When the flow control member is integrally formed with the plug as in the plug 30A of FIG. 11, the plug 30A may be manufactured and sold alone. In the case of a mode in which the flow straightening member 20 is made into a single part, even if the conventional plug is attached to the head pipe 10 after pasting the flow straight out member 20 into the head pipe 10, The same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained.

  As an embodiment in which the flow straightening member 20 is integrally formed with the air lead instrument (or head tube), for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the air lead instrument 1B (or head tube 10) includes its central axis and A member (for example, a member having a shape shown in FIG. 2 in the vicinity of the head tube 10 of a cross section taken along a plane along the YY 'line in FIG. 12) which is cut by a plane equally dividing the song The aspect formed by this is considered. Specifically, the above-described members having the flow control member 20 may be injection molded using a resin such as plastic, and those members may be pasted together to form the air lead instrument 1B. In this case, the tone holes may be provided after bonding the above-described respective members.

1, 1A, 1B: air lead instrument, 10: head tube, 10a: inner circumferential surface, 10b: airway, 10c: outlet, 10d: wall surface, 10e: edge, 20: rectifying member, 20a: rectifying surface, 30, 30A ... plug, 40, 60 ... joint part, 50 ... middle part pipe, 70 ... foot part pipe.

Claims (7)

  A flow straightening member for an air lead musical instrument characterized in that a straightening surface is formed which rises from an inner circumferential surface of a tube of an air lead musical instrument and guides an air flow in a resonance space to a space between a jet outlet and an edge.   The straightening member according to claim 1, wherein the straightening surface rises immediately from an inner circumferential surface of the tube.   A straightening member for an air lead musical instrument characterized in that a straightening surface which is inclined and immediately rises from the inner circumferential surface of the tube of the air lead musical instrument is formed.   The straightening member for an air lead musical instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pipe is a head pipe.   A plug for an air lead musical instrument comprising the flow straightening member according to any one of claims 1 to 4. A tube with a jet outlet towards the edge,
The flow straightening member according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
An air reed instrument characterized by having. The air lead instrument according to claim 6, which is a recorder.

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