JP2019105533A - Simple flow rate measuring method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、例えば、下水管、河川等の水路（特に開水路）を流れる水を計測対象とする簡易流量計測方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to, for example, a simple flow rate measuring method and apparatus for measuring water flowing in a water channel (in particular, an open channel) such as a sewage pipe or a river.
従来、下水管や河川等の水路を流れる水の流量概算法として、水路形状測量値と水位計測値から計算される流積と、水位適当に分割された水路断面の２割・８割水深の流速測定値を合成、乗算して流量を計算する検量線法が知られている。この方法では、何点かにおいて流量を計算し、これらの結果から相関分析により検量線（水位―流量計算式）をつくりさえすれば、以後は、この検量線を用いることにより、水位計測値から流量を連続的に求めることができる。しかし、この方法には検量線作成作業が煩雑であるという難点がある。 Conventionally, as a method of estimating the flow rate of water flowing through drainage channels such as sewage pipes and rivers, the flow volume calculated from channel shape survey values and water level measurement values, and 20% and 80% of the waterway cross section divided appropriately There is known a calibration method in which flow rate values are calculated by synthesizing and multiplying flow velocity measurement values. In this method, if the flow rate is calculated at several points and a calibration curve (water level-flow rate calculation formula) can be created by correlation analysis from these results, the water level measurement value can be obtained by using this calibration curve thereafter. The flow rate can be determined continuously. However, this method has the disadvantage that the calibration curve preparation operation is complicated.
そこで、マニングの平均流速公式を用いることが考えられる（例えば特許文献１参照）。この平均流速公式法では、流速が水理的な水深の２／３乗、粗度係数の逆数、動水勾配の１／２乗に比例することを利用して水位から平均流速を求めるもので、下水管など定型水路ばかりでなく、検量線法に拠らない簡易法として河川でも用いられている。 Therefore, it is conceivable to use Manning's average flow velocity formula (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this mean velocity formula, the mean velocity is obtained from the water level using the fact that the velocity is proportional to 2/3 of hydraulic depth, reciprocal of roughness coefficient, and 1/2 of hydraulic gradient. Not only fixed channels such as sewage pipes, but also rivers are used as simplified methods not based on the calibration method.
しかし、上記平均流速公式法には、検量線作成が不要というメリットがあるものの、動水勾配の測量が困難であり、粗度係数の代表値が実態とかけ離れてもいるため、動水勾配値に管勾配値を用いたり、代表的な粗度係数を用いたりして平均流速を計算すると、誤差が大きくなり易い難点がある。 However, although the above mean flow velocity formula method has the merit that it is unnecessary to create a calibration curve, it is difficult to measure hydraulic gradients, and the representative values of the roughness coefficient are far from the actual situation. When the mean flow velocity is calculated by using a tube gradient value or a typical roughness coefficient, there is a drawback that the error tends to be large.
本発明は上述の事柄に留意してなされたもので、その目的は、水路を流れる水の流量を簡易且つ正確に計測することが可能な簡易流量計測方法及び装置を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described matters, and an object thereof is to provide a simple flow rate measuring method and apparatus capable of measuring the flow rate of water flowing through a water channel simply and accurately.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る簡易流量計測方法は、定型水路における水位ｈと平均流速Ｖmを計測し、ある時点の水位ｈ及び既知である前記定型水路の形状から特定される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとの関係を
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して水位ｈに対応する係数Ｋを算出するという工程を、相互に異なる複数の水位ｈについて行い、それぞれの水位ｈとこれに対応する係数Ｋとの組み合わせに基づいて係数Ｋを水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として予め求めておき、前記定型水路において計測した水位ｈに対応する径深Ｒ及び係数Ｋを上記式に代入して求まる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出する（請求項１）。
In order to achieve the above object, the simplified flow rate measuring method according to the present invention measures the water level h and the average flow velocity V m in a fixed channel, and is specified from the water level h at a certain point in time and the known fixed channel shape. The relationship between the depth R and the average flow velocity V m is V m = K · R 2/3
The process of calculating the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h by substituting it into the equation of h is performed for a plurality of mutually different water levels h, and the coefficient K is calculated based on the combination of each water level h and the corresponding coefficient K. The average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting the diameter depth R and the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h measured in the fixed channel in advance as the function f (h) of the water level h, and the water level h measured The flow rate of the water flowing through the fixed channel is calculated based on the flow volume corresponding to (1).
一方、上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る簡易流量計測装置は、定型水路を流れる水の水位ｈを計測する計測部と、計測した前記水位ｈから該定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出する演算処理部とを具備した簡易流量計測装置であって、前記演算処理部は、前記計測部によって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である前記定型水路の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出するように構成され、前記係数Ｋは、前記定型水路において計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したものである（請求項２）。
On the other hand, in order to achieve the above object, the simplified flow rate measuring apparatus according to the present invention comprises a measuring unit for measuring the water level h of water flowing through the fixed channel, and the flow rate of water flowing through the fixed channel from the measured water level h. It is a simple flow rate measuring device provided with an arithmetic processing unit to calculate, and the arithmetic processing unit is a water depth h measured by the measuring unit and a depth R specified from a known shape of the fixed channel, the water level a coefficient K which is a function f (h) of h
V m = K · R 2/3
The flow rate of the water flowing in the fixed channel is calculated based on the average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting in the equation of (4) and the flow product corresponding to the measured water level h, and the coefficient K is Based on a plurality of combinations of the coefficient K value obtained by substituting the depth R and the average flow velocity V m derived from the water level h measured in the fixed channel in the above equation, and the corresponding water level h, It is represented as a function f (h) (claim 2).
また、本発明に係る簡易流量計測装置が、定型水路を流れる水の水位ｈを計測する既設の水位計に接続され、前記水位計によって計測した前記水位ｈから該定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出する演算処理部を具備した簡易流量計測装置であって、前記演算処理部は、前記水位計によって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である前記定型水路の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出するように構成され、
前記係数Ｋは、前記定型水路において計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したものであってもよい（請求項３）。
Further, the simplified flow rate measuring device according to the present invention is connected to the existing water level gauge for measuring the water level h of water flowing in the fixed channel, and the flow rate of water flowing in the fixed channel from the water level h measured by the water level gauge The simple flow rate measuring apparatus includes an arithmetic processing unit for calculating, and the arithmetic processing unit is a water depth h specified by the water level h measured by the water gauge and the shape of the fixed channel known, and the water level h And a coefficient K which is a function f (h) of
V m = K · R 2/3
The flow rate of the water flowing in the fixed channel is calculated based on the average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting in the equation of and the flow product corresponding to the measured water level h,
The coefficient K is a combination of the value of the coefficient K obtained by substituting the depth R derived from the water level h measured in the fixed channel and the average flow velocity V m into the above equation and the corresponding water level h And may be expressed as a function f (h) of the water level h (claim 3).
本願発明では、水路を流れる水の流量を簡易且つ正確に計測することが可能な簡易流量計測方法及び装置が得られる。 The present invention provides a simplified flow rate measuring method and apparatus that can measure the flow rate of water flowing through a water channel simply and accurately.
すなわち、本願の各請求項に係る発明の簡易流量計測方法及び装置では、比較的高価である流量計や流速計を常時設置する必要がなく、例えば流量計や流速計を購入せずにレンタル等により一過的に（最初の一回のみ）用いればよいので、それだけ実施コストを低減することができ、しかも、常時は水位のみを計測していればよく、簡易に行える。 That is, in the simplified flow rate measuring method and apparatus of the invention according to each claim of the present application, it is not necessary to always install a relatively expensive flowmeter or flowmeter, for example, rental or the like without purchasing the flowmeter or flowmeter Therefore, it is possible to reduce the implementation cost as much as it can be used transiently (only at the first time), and it is possible to simply and constantly measure only the water level.
本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら以下に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法は、下水管や河川等の定型水路（形状が既知の水路）を流れる水を計測対象とするものであり、以下では定型水路が下水管である場合を例に説明する。 The simple flow rate measurement method of the present embodiment is intended to measure water flowing in a fixed channel such as a sewage pipe or a river (a channel whose shape is known), and in the following, the case where the fixed channel is a sewage pipe is taken as an example. explain.
まず、本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法は、マニングの平均流速公式をベースにしている。このマニング公式は、以下の式（１）で表される。
Ｖm＝（１／ｎ）・Ｒ2/3・Ｉ1/2 …（１）
ここで、
Ｖm：平均流速（ｍ／ｓｅｃ）、
ｎ：粗度係数、
Ｒ：径深（Ａ／Ｐ）、
Ｉ：勾配、
Ａ：流積（ｍ2）、
Ｐ：潤辺（流れが横断壁面に接する長さ）（ｍ）
であり、本実施形態は、潤辺Ｐが閉曲線でない開水路を対象とする。
First, the simplified flow rate measuring method of the present embodiment is based on Manning's average flow velocity formula. This Manning formula is expressed by the following formula (1).
V m = (1 / n) · R 2/3 · I 1/2 (1)
here,
V m : average flow velocity (m / sec),
n: roughness coefficient,
R: diameter depth (A / P),
I: slope,
A: Volume (m 2 ),
P: Junbe (the length at which the flow touches the crossing wall) (m)
The present embodiment is directed to an open channel where the hump P is not a closed curve.
そして、式（１）における径深Ｒは、既知である水路形状と水位ｈから算出することができる。例えば、図２に示すように、定型水路１が縦断面円形の下水管の場合、下水管路の半径（既知）をｒ（ｍ）、潤辺Ｐに対応する円周角をθ（ｒａｄ）とすると、潤辺Ｐ（図２では弧ｐ１ｐ２の長さ）は、
Ｐ＝ｒθ …（２）
となり、流積Ａは、
Ａ＝（扇形Ｏｐ１ｐ２の面積）−（△Ｏｐ１ｐ２の面積）
＝πｒ２×（θ／２π）
−（１／２）×〔２×ｒ・ｓｉｎ（θ／２）×ｒ・ｃｏｓ（θ／２）〕
＝（１／２）×ｒ２×〔θ―２ｓｉｎ（θ／２）×ｃｏｓ（θ／２）〕
＝（１／２）×ｒ２×〔θ―（ｓｉｎ（θ）＋ｓｉｎ（０））〕
＝（１／２）×ｒ２×（θ―ｓｉｎ（θ）） …（３）
となる。なお、図２において、点Ｏは縦断面における下水管の中心点、点ｐ１、点ｐ２はそれぞれ縦断面における潤辺Ｐの両端である。
And the diameter depth R in Formula (1) can be calculated from the known channel shape and the water level h. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the fixed channel 1 is a sewer pipe with a vertical cross section, the radius of the sewer channel (known) is r (m), and the circumferential angle corresponding to the wet side P is θ (rad) Then, the wet side P (the length of the arc p1p2 in FIG. 2) is
P = rθ (2)
And the volume A is
A = (area of sector Op1p2) − (area of ΔOp1p2)
= Π r 2 × (θ / 2π)
− (1/2) × [2 × r · sin (θ / 2) × r · cos (θ / 2)]
= (1/2) × r 2 × [θ-2sin (θ / 2) × cos (θ / 2) ]
= (1/2) × r 2 × [θ- (sin (θ) + sin (0)) ]
= (1/2) × r 2 × (θ-sin (θ)) (3)
It becomes. In addition, in FIG. 2, the point O is the center point of the sewer pipe in the longitudinal cross-section, and the points p1 and p2 are both ends of the wet side P in the longitudinal cross-section.
上記式（２）、（３）より、径深Ｒ（＝Ａ／Ｐ）は、
Ｒ＝（１／２）×ｒ２×（θ―ｓｉｎ（θ））／（ｒθ）
＝ｒ×（θ―ｓｉｎ（θ））／（２θ） …（４）
となる。ここで、水位ｈは、半径ｒと、点Ｏから水面までの距離との差に等しいから、
ｈ＝ｒ−ｒ・ｃｏｓ（θ／２）
であり、
ｒ・ｃｏｓ（θ／２）＝ｒ−ｈ
ｃｏｓ（θ／２）＝１−（ｈ／ｒ）
となる。すなわち、円周角θは、既知である水路形状（半径ｒ）と水位ｈから算出することができ、上記式（４）に示すように円周角θと半径ｒで規定される径深Ｒも、既知である水路形状（半径ｒ）と水位ｈから算出可能である。
From the above formulas (2) and (3), the diameter depth R (= A / P) is
R = (1/2) × r 2 × (θ−sin (θ)) / (rθ)
= R × (θ-sin (θ)) / (2θ) (4)
It becomes. Here, since the water level h is equal to the difference between the radius r and the distance from the point O to the water surface,
h = r-r · cos (θ / 2)
And
r · cos (θ / 2) = r−h
cos (θ / 2) = 1- (h / r)
It becomes. That is, the circumferential angle θ can be calculated from the known channel shape (radius r) and the water level h, and the diameter depth R defined by the circumferential angle θ and the radius r as shown in the above equation (4) Can also be calculated from the known channel shape (radius r) and water level h.
なお、以上は、定型水路１が縦断面円形の下水管である場合について説明したが、これに限らず、定型水路１の縦断面形状が既知であれば、水位ｈから径深Ｒは算出可能である。 In addition, although the case where the fixed channel 1 was a sewer pipe of vertical cross section circular was explained above, if the vertical cross section shape of the fixed channel 1 is known, the diameter depth R can be calculated from the water level h. It is.
このように、上記式（１）における径深Ｒは既知である水路形状と水位ｈから算出することができる一方、式（１）における粗度係数ｎ及び勾配Ｉは、そのように算出されるものではない。そこで、式（１）を下記のように書き換えることができる。
Ｖm＝（１／ｎ）・Ｒ2/3・Ｉ1/2
＝〔（１／ｎ）・Ｉ1/2〕・Ｒ2/3
＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3 …（５）
ここで、Ｋは係数である。
Thus, while the depth R in the above equation (1) can be calculated from the known channel shape and water level h, the roughness coefficient n and the gradient I in the equation (1) are so calculated It is not a thing. Therefore, equation (1) can be rewritten as follows.
V m = (1 / n) · R 2/3 · I 1/2
= [(1 / n) I 1/2 ] R 2/3
= K · R 2/3 (5)
Here, K is a coefficient.
そして、本発明者は、鋭意研究の結果、上記係数Ｋを定数ではなく水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として決定すれば、より正確に平均流速Ｖm（さらには流量）を求めることができる（概算可能である）ことを突き止めた。以下、この決定方法について説明する。 Then, the inventor of the present invention can determine the average flow velocity V m (and the flow rate) more accurately if the coefficient K is determined not as a constant but as a function f (h) of the water level h as a result of intensive research. It can be estimated that it can be estimated). Hereinafter, this determination method will be described.
まず、図１に示すように、定型水路１の所定期間（例えば２４時間）における水位ｈと平均流速Ｖmを連続的に計測する。この計測は、例えば、水位計（例えば超音波式水位計）２と、流速計測機能を有する流量計（例えば面速式流量計）３とを用いて行うことができ、この際、両者２，３を一体に備えたものを用いても、個別に設置するようにしてもよい。なお、これら２，３の計測結果の表示、記録、演算等は、例えば演算処理部や表示部等を有する本体にて行わせることができる。 First, as shown in FIG. 1, the water level h and the average flow velocity V m in a predetermined period (for example, 24 hours) of the fixed channel 1 are continuously measured. This measurement can be performed, for example, using a water level gauge (for example, ultrasonic type water level gauge) 2 and a flow meter (for example, a surface velocity type flow meter) 3 having a flow velocity measurement function. It may be installed separately or may use one integrally provided. Note that the display, recording, calculation, and the like of these two and three measurement results can be performed by, for example, a main body having a calculation processing unit, a display unit, and the like.
そして、ある時点の水位ｈ及び既知である定型水路１の形状（半径ｒ）から特定される径深Ｒと、上記計測の結果から導き出される平均流速Ｖmとの関係を上記式（５）に代入して水位ｈに対応する係数Ｋを算出するという工程を、相互に異なる複数の水位ｈについて行い、それぞれの水位ｈとこれに対応する係数Ｋとの組み合わせに基づいて係数Ｋを水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として求める（水位ｈと係数Ｋの関係を示す回帰式を作成する）のである。なお、この関数ｆ（ｈ）（回帰式）を求めるための回帰分析（回帰モデル）は、線形回帰、非線形回帰の何れで行ってもよい。また、例えば、水位上昇時と水位下降時の回帰式を分けて作成してもよい。 Then, the relationship between the depth R determined from the water level h at a certain point in time and the shape (radius r) of the known fixed channel 1 and the average flow velocity V m derived from the result of the above measurement is given by the above equation (5). The process of substituting and calculating the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h is performed for a plurality of mutually different water levels h, and the coefficient K is calculated based on the combination of each water level h and the corresponding coefficient K. It is determined as a function f (h) (a regression equation indicating the relationship between the water level h and the coefficient K is created). The regression analysis (regression model) for obtaining the function f (h) (regression equation) may be performed by either linear regression or non-linear regression. In addition, for example, regression equations at the time of rising of the water level and at the time of falling the water level may be divided and created.
本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法では、上記式（５）を求めるための流量計測は最初に（一過的に）行うだけでよく、その後は、水位計２のみを用いて水位ｈを計測すれば、定型水路１を流れる水の流量Ｑ（＝ＡＶm）をも算出することができ、具体的には、定型水路１において計測した水位ｈに対応する径深Ｒ及び係数Ｋを上記式（５）に代入して求まる平均流速Ｖmと、計測した水位ｈに対応する流積Ａとに基づいて流量Ｑを算出することができる。従って、本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法では、比較的高価である流量計３を常時設置する必要がなく、例えば流量計３を購入せずにレンタル等により一過的に（最初の一回のみ）用いればよいので、それだけ実施コストを低減することができ、しかも、常時は水位のみを計測していればよく、簡易に行える。 In the simple flow rate measurement method of the present embodiment, the flow rate measurement for obtaining the equation (5) may be performed first (temporarily), and thereafter, the water level h may be measured using only the water level gauge 2. For example, the flow rate Q (= AV m ) of water flowing in the fixed channel 1 can also be calculated. Specifically, the diameter depth R and the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h measured in the fixed channel 1 5) the average flow velocity V m which is obtained by substituting, it is possible to calculate the flow rate Q on the basis of the Nagareseki a corresponding to water level h measured. Therefore, in the simple flow rate measuring method of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to always install the relatively expensive flow meter 3, for example, temporarily by rental etc. without purchasing the flow meter 3 (only once Because it is good to use, the implementation cost can be reduced that much. Furthermore, it is only necessary to always measure the water level at all times, which is simple.
ここで、係数Ｋを求めるための相互に異なる複数の水位ｈとしては、なるべく各水位ｈの差が大きい方が好ましく、この観点から、例えば、所定期間における水位ｈの最高値と最小値を用いることが考えられる。 Here, as a plurality of mutually different water levels h for obtaining the coefficient K, it is preferable that the difference between the water levels h be as large as possible. From this viewpoint, for example, the maximum value and the minimum value of the water level h in a predetermined period are used It is conceivable.
そして、本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法を実施するための簡易流量計測装置としては、定型水路１を流れる水の水位ｈを計測する水位センサ２ａ（計測部の一例）と、計測した水位ｈから定型水路１を流れる水の流量を算出する演算処理部を含む本体２ｂとを具備し、本体２ｂ（演算処理部）は、水位センサ２ａによって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である定型水路１の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、上記式（５）に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、計測した水位ｈに対応する流積Ａとに基づいて定型水路１を流れる水の流量Ｑ（＝ＡＶm）を算出するように構成されたものを用いることができる。もちろん、この場合の係数Ｋは、定型水路１において所定期間連続的に計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式（５）に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したもの（すなわち、上記簡易流量計測方法における係数Ｋの表し方と同様）であることはいうまでもない。 And as a simple flow rate measuring device for carrying out the simple flow rate measuring method of the present embodiment, a water level sensor 2a (an example of a measuring unit) for measuring the water level h of water flowing in the fixed channel 1 and the measured water level h The main body 2b includes an arithmetic processing unit that calculates the flow rate of water flowing through the fixed water channel 1, and the main body 2b (calculation processing unit) is based on the water level h measured by the water level sensor 2a and the shape of the known fixed water channel 1 Average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting the identified diameter depth R and the coefficient K, which is a function f (h) of the water level h, in the above equation (5), and the flow area A corresponding to the measured water level h It is possible to use one configured to calculate the flow rate Q (= AV m ) of water flowing in the fixed channel 1 based on the above. Of course, the coefficient K in this case is the coefficient K obtained by substituting the depth R and the average flow velocity V m derived from the water level h continuously measured for a predetermined period in the fixed channel 1 into the above equation (5). Based on multiple combinations of the value and the corresponding water level h, it is expressed as a function f (h) of water level h (that is, similar to how to express the coefficient K in the above simple flow rate measuring method) Nor.
本発明者は、本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法による計測結果の正確性を検討するために、計測した水位ｈから流量を算出するに際し、
（Ａ）マニング公式（式（１））のみを用いた場合、
（Ｂ）マニング公式を用いる際に１点補正を行った場合、
（Ｃ）マニング公式を用いる際に２点補正を行った場合（本実施形態に相当）
につき、それぞれ得られた演算結果と実際の流量計３による計測結果とを比較した。
When the inventor of the present invention calculates the flow rate from the measured water level h in order to examine the accuracy of the measurement result by the simple flow rate measurement method of the present embodiment,
(A) When only the Manning formula (Formula (1)) is used,
(B) When using one-point correction when using the Manning formula,
(C) In the case of performing two-point correction when using the Manning formula (corresponding to the present embodiment)
Then, the calculation results obtained respectively and the actual measurement results by the flow meter 3 were compared.
ここで、上記（Ａ）では、マニング公式（式（１））の勾配Ｉに管勾配値（本例では０．００３７）を用い、かつ、粗度係数ｎとして代表的な粗度係数（本例では０．０１３）を用いている。 Here, in the above (A), a pipe gradient value (0.0037 in this example) is used as the gradient I of the Manning formula (equation (1)), and a typical roughness coefficient (this is used as the roughness coefficient n In the example, 0.013) is used.
また、上記（Ｂ）では、水位計２及び流量計３によって得られたある一つの水位ｈに対応する径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmを上記式（５）に代入して係数Ｋを一旦算出し、係数Ｋを水位ｈの関数としてではなく定数（本例では１．５８８７）とした式（５）を用いている。 Further, in the above (B), the coefficient K is calculated once by substituting the depth R and the average flow velocity V m corresponding to one water level h obtained by the water level meter 2 and the flow meter 3 into the above equation (5) Equation (5) is used in which the coefficient K is not a function of the water level h but a constant (1.5887 in this example).
対して、上記（Ｃ）では、水位計２及び流量計３によって得られたある二つの水位ｈに対応する径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmをそれぞれ上記式（５）に代入して係数Ｋを一旦算出し、この二つの係数Ｋと水位ｈとの組み合わせを回帰分析して、係数Ｋを定数ではなく水位ｈの関数（本例では２０．１８１ｈ＋０．２９４）とした式（５）を用いている。 On the other hand, in the above (C), the coefficient K is substituted by substituting the diameter depth R and the average flow velocity V m corresponding to two water levels h obtained by the water level meter 2 and the flow meter 3 into the above equation (5). Once calculated, the combination of these two coefficients K and water level h is subjected to regression analysis, and the coefficient K is not a constant but is a function of water level h (20.181 h + 0.294 in this example) using equation (5) There is.
上記（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）の各結果を図３（Ａ）〜（Ｃ）に示してあり、これらの図から明らかなように、上記（Ａ）では計算流量と実測流量との差は比較的大きいが、（Ｂ）では流量が極端に大きくなる部分を除けば計算流量と実測流量とはほぼ一致するようになり、（Ｃ）では流量が極端に大きくなる部分を含む全ての部分で計算流量と実測流量とがほぼ一致している。すなわち、この結果から、本実施形態の簡易流量計測方法による計測結果の正確性が裏付けられる。 The results of the above (A) to (C) are shown in FIGS. 3 (A) to (C), and it is apparent from these figures that in the above (A) the difference between the calculated flow rate and the measured flow rate is compared. In the case of (B), the calculated flow rate and the measured flow rate become almost identical except for the extremely large flow rate in (B), and in (C) the calculation is performed in all parts including the extremely large flow rate The flow rate and the measured flow rate are almost the same. That is, from this result, the accuracy of the measurement result by the simple flow rate measurement method of the present embodiment is supported.
なお、本発明は、上記の実施の形態に何ら限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々に変形して実施し得ることは勿論である。例えば、以下のような変形例を挙げることができる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the following modifications can be mentioned.
一過的に（最初に）行う平均流速Ｖmの実測定には、面速式流量計に限らず、例えばフリューム式流量計や他の流量計、流速計を用いるようにしてもよく、一過的にしか用いないことから、可搬式のものを用いるのが好ましい。 For actual measurement of the average flow velocity V m performed transiently (firstly), not only a surface velocity flow meter, but also, for example, a flume type flow meter, another flow meter, or a flow meter may be used. It is preferable to use a portable one because it is used only excessively.
上記実施形態では、平均流速Ｖmの測定を所定期間連続的に行っているが、これに限らず、例えば該測定を瞬間的に（単発的に）複数回行うようにしてもよい。 In the above embodiment, the measurement of the average flow velocity V m is continuously performed for a predetermined period, but not limited to this, for example, the measurement may be performed instantaneously (singlely) a plurality of times.
また、上記実施形態の簡易流量計測装置は水位を計測する計測部（水位計２）を有しているが、これに限らず、例えば本発明の簡易流量計測装置を既設の水位計２に後付け可能に構成すれば、既設の水位計２を有効利用して、簡易流量計測装置自体の構成をシンプル化することができる。すなわち、この場合の簡易流量計測装置は、定型水路１を流れる水の水位ｈを計測する既設の水位計２に接続され、水位計２によって計測した水位ｈから定型水路１を流れる水の流量を算出する演算処理部（図示していない）を具備し、前記演算処理部は、水位計２によって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である定型水路１の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、式（５）に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて定型水路１を流れる水の流量を算出するように構成されたもの、とすることができる。そして、この場合の係数Ｋは、定型水路１において計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式（５）に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したもの（すなわち、上記簡易流量計測方法における係数Ｋの表し方と同様）である。 Moreover, although the simple flow rate measuring apparatus of the said embodiment has the measurement part (water level gauge 2) which measures a water level, not only this but the simple flow rate measuring apparatus of this invention is retrofitted to the existing water level gauge 2, for example If possible, it is possible to simplify the configuration of the simple flow rate measuring device itself by effectively using the existing water gauge 2. That is, the simple flow rate measuring device in this case is connected to the existing water level gauge 2 that measures the water level h of the water flowing in the fixed channel 1, and the flow rate of water flowing in the fixed channel 1 from the water level h measured by the water level meter 2 An arithmetic processing unit (not shown) for calculating is provided, and the arithmetic processing unit is provided with a water level h measured by the water level gauge 2 and a depth R determined from the shape of the known fixed channel 1 and the water level h. The flow rate of water flowing in the fixed channel 1 based on the average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting the coefficient K which is the function f (h) into the equation (5) and the flow volume corresponding to the measured water level h. Can be configured to calculate The coefficient K in this case corresponds to the value of the coefficient K obtained by substituting the diameter depth R derived from the water level h measured in the fixed channel 1 and the average flow velocity V m into the above equation (5). It is what was represented as function f (h) of water level h based on a plurality of combinations with water level h (that is, it is the same as how to express coefficient K in the above-mentioned simple flow measurement method).
そして、本明細書で挙げた変形例どうしを適宜組み合わせてもよいことはいうまでもない。 Further, it goes without saying that the variations described in the present specification may be appropriately combined.
１ 定型水路
２ 水位計
２ａ 水位センサ
２ｂ 本体
３ 流量計
1 fixed channel 2 water level gauge 2a water level sensor 2b main body 3 flow meter
Claims (3)
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して水位ｈに対応する係数Ｋを算出するという工程を、相互に異なる複数の水位ｈについて行い、それぞれの水位ｈとこれに対応する係数Ｋとの組み合わせに基づいて係数Ｋを水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として予め求めておき、
前記定型水路において計測した水位ｈに対応する径深Ｒ及び係数Ｋを上記式に代入して求まる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出することを特徴とする簡易流量計測方法。 Measure the water level h and the average flow velocity V m in the fixed channel, and determine the relationship between the depth R and the average flow velocity V m specified from the water level h at a certain point in time and the known channel shape V m = K · R 2/3
The process of calculating the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h by substituting it into the equation of h is performed for a plurality of mutually different water levels h, and the coefficient K is calculated based on the combination of each water level h and the corresponding coefficient K. Obtained beforehand as a function f (h) of water level h,
It flows in the fixed channel based on the average flow velocity V m determined by substituting the depth R and the coefficient K corresponding to the water level h measured in the fixed channel in the above equation and the flow volume corresponding to the measured water level h. A simple flow rate measuring method characterized by calculating a flow rate of water.
前記演算処理部は、前記計測部によって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である前記定型水路の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出するように構成され、
前記係数Ｋは、前記定型水路において計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したものであることを特徴とする簡易流量計測装置。 A simple flow rate measuring apparatus comprising: a measurement unit that measures the water level h of water flowing through the fixed channel; and an arithmetic processing unit that calculates the flow rate of water flowing through the fixed channel from the measured water level h
The arithmetic processing unit includes a depth of water R determined from the water level h measured by the measurement unit and the shape of the fixed channel which is known, and a coefficient K which is a function f (h) of the water level h
V m = K · R 2/3
The flow rate of the water flowing in the fixed channel is calculated based on the average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting in the equation of and the flow product corresponding to the measured water level h,
The coefficient K is a combination of the value of the coefficient K obtained by substituting the depth R derived from the water level h measured in the fixed channel and the average flow velocity V m into the above equation and the corresponding water level h A simple flow rate measuring device characterized by being expressed as a function f (h) of water level h based on.
前記演算処理部は、前記水位計によって計測した水位ｈ及び既知である前記定型水路の形状から特定される径深Ｒと、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）である係数Ｋとを、
Ｖm＝Ｋ・Ｒ2/3
の式に代入して得られる平均流速Ｖmと、前記計測した水位ｈに対応する流積とに基づいて前記定型水路を流れる水の流量を算出するように構成され、
前記係数Ｋは、前記定型水路において計測された水位ｈから導き出される径深Ｒと平均流速Ｖmとを上記式に代入して得られる係数Ｋの値と、対応する水位ｈとの複数の組み合わせに基づき、水位ｈの関数ｆ（ｈ）として表したものであることを特徴とする簡易流量計測装置。
A simple flow rate measuring device connected to an existing water level gauge that measures the water level h of water flowing in a fixed channel, and equipped with an arithmetic processing unit that calculates the flow rate of water flowing from the water level h measured by the water level gauge And
The arithmetic processing unit determines a water depth h measured by the water gauge and a depth R determined from the shape of the fixed channel which is known, and a coefficient K which is a function f (h) of the water level h
V m = K · R 2/3
The flow rate of the water flowing in the fixed channel is calculated based on the average flow velocity V m obtained by substituting in the equation of and the flow product corresponding to the measured water level h,
The coefficient K is a combination of the value of the coefficient K obtained by substituting the depth R derived from the water level h measured in the fixed channel and the average flow velocity V m into the above equation and the corresponding water level h A simple flow rate measuring device characterized by being expressed as a function f (h) of water level h based on.
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