JP2019058257A - Fire experimental facility - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a fire experimental facility capable of suppressing outflow of smoke to the outside of an experimental site, even if smoke leaks from a shutter; and to provide a fire experimental facility capable of performing a fire experiment having higher accuracy by avoiding to the utmost an air flow generated by exhausting smoke in an experimental site.SOLUTION: A fire experimental facility includes: an experimental site having an experimental space enclosed by walls and a ceiling, where a fire experiment is executed, and a smoke exhausting space arranged on the outside of the experimental space, where a smoke exhaust port for exhausting smoke generated from the experiment is formed; a fan for sucking the air in the smoke exhausting space; an openable/closable inside shutter provided on a boundary between the experimental space and the smoke exhausting space; and an openable/closable outside shutter provided on a boundary between the smoke exhausting space and the experimental site outside.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire test facility where a fire experiment is conducted.

  BACKGROUND Conventionally, a fire test facility is known in which a fire experiment is performed for the purpose of preparing when a fire actually occurs. The fire test facility is equipped with a test site having a test space surrounded by walls and a ceiling. When a fire experiment is conducted in the experimental site, smoke is generated. As the smoke generated may adversely affect the environment, it is required to prevent it from leaking out of the test site. For the purpose of preventing the generated smoke from leaking out of the experimental site, Patent Document 1 discloses a flue gas treatment system which harmonizes the smoke generated in the fire exercise facility and releases the smoke into the atmosphere. In the fire exercise facility, a fire is raised at a fire demonstration table placed on the floor and experiments are conducted. In Patent Document 1, smoke in a fire training facility is sucked by a fan from a smoke outlet formed on a ceiling of the fire training facility. The smoke that has been drawn in is detoxified by removing dust and the like by the dust collector and released to the atmosphere. The side of the fire exercise facility is covered with an openable shutter.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2015-12942

  However, in the smoke exhausting system disclosed in Patent Document 1, when smoke leaks from the shutter, it flows out of the experimental site as it is. This may adversely affect the environment. In addition, when a smoke processing apparatus is provided which sucks and exhausts the smoke generated in the experimental site, the flow of air is generated by sucking the smoke, which affects the movement of the flame and the smoke. This reduces the accuracy of the analysis of the fire experiment.

  The present invention solves the problems as described above, and provides a fire test facility that suppresses smoke from flowing out of the test site even if smoke leaks from the shutter. Further, the present invention provides a fire test facility capable of performing a fire experiment with higher accuracy by avoiding the flow of air generated by exhausting the smoke as much as possible in the test site.

  The fire test facility according to the present invention has an experimental space surrounded by a wall and a ceiling where a fire experiment is conducted, and a smoke exhaust space disposed outside the experimental space and formed with a smoke outlet for discharging smoke generated by the experiment. And a fan for sucking air in the smoke exhausting space, an openable / closable inner shutter provided at the boundary between the experimental space and the smoke exhausting air, and provided at the boundary between the smoke exhausting space and the outside of the experimental area And an openable and closable outer shutter.

  Also, the tightness of the inner shutter is higher than the tightness of the outer shutter.

  Furthermore, the shutter is attached to the inner shutter and further includes a shutter press that suppresses the swing of the inner shutter.

  According to the present invention, the smoke exhaust space in which the smoke exhaust is formed is disposed outside the experimental space, and the smoke exhaust space is sandwiched between the inner shutter and the outer shutter. Thus, even if smoke leaks from the inner shutter, the leaked smoke is discharged from the smoke exhaust space through the smoke outlet. Therefore, it is possible to suppress smoke from flowing out of the experiment site. In addition, since no air flow occurs even in the experimental site, it is possible to conduct a more accurate fire experiment.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental equipment 1 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 100 in a 1st comparative example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 200 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 300 which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 400 in a 2nd comparative example.

Embodiment 1
Hereinafter, embodiments of a fire test facility according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a fire test facility 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a top sectional view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a side sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the fire test facility 1 includes a test site 2, an inner shutter 10a, an outer shutter 10b, and a smoke processing apparatus 3. The experimental site 2 has an experimental space 2 c and a flue gas space 8. The experiment space 2c is a space surrounded by the wall 2a and the ceiling 2b, and a fire experiment is performed. The smoke exhaust space 8 is a space formed with a smoke outlet 22 which is disposed outside the experimental space 2 c and discharges the smoke 6 generated by the experiment.

  The inner shutter 10 a is provided at the boundary between the experimental space 2 c and the exhaust space 8 and can be opened and closed. The outer shutter 10b is provided at the boundary between the smoke exhaust space 8 and the outside of the experimental site 2, and can be opened and closed. Here, the inner shutter 10a is formed of, for example, a smokeproof shutter or a soundproof shutter, and the outer shutter 10b is, for example, a general weight shutter. That is, the airtightness of the inner shutter 10a itself is higher than the airtightness of the outer shutter 10b. Therefore, the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2c is unlikely to leak into the smoke exhaust space 8, and when the air in the smoke exhaust space 8 is sucked by the smoke exhaust processing device 3 described later, the air is supplied from the outer shutter 10b side. Therefore, the influence of the smoke exhausting treatment on the inside of the experimental space 2c can be reduced. A person 7 or the like can enter and leave the experimental site 2 by opening the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b.

  In order to prevent smoke 6 from leaking out of the test site 2 during a fire experiment, the smoke 6 in the test site 2 is appropriately evacuated. The smoke 6 drifting in the experimental space 2 c may slightly enter the gap of the inner shutter 10 a and intrude into the smoke exhaust space 8. A plurality of air inlets 21 are formed in the wall 2 a of the smoke exhaust space 8, and the air inlet 21 is an opening for taking in air outside the site. A plurality of exhaust ports 22 are formed in the ceiling 2 b of the exhaust space 8, and the exhaust ports 22 are openings for exhausting the smoke 6 generated by the experiment from the exhaust space 8. The exhaust outlet 12 is provided with an exhaust damper 12 adjustable in opening degree, and the exhaust damper 12 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the exhaust outlet 22 by adjusting the opening degree.

  The fire test bench 4 is placed on the floor 2 d of the test site 2, and the fire test bench 4 is a stand on which the fire 5 is raised. When the fire 5 is raised on the fire test bench 4, the smoke 6 can enter the test site 2.

  The flue gas treatment device 3 has an exhaust duct 31, a dust collector 32 and a fan 33. The exhaust duct 31 is a pipe that connects the exhaust port 22 of the exhaust space 8 and the exhaust port 31 a outside the experimental site 2. The smoke 6 discharged from the exhaust port 22 is exhausted to the exhaust port 31a outside the experimental site 2 through the exhaust duct 31. The dust collector 32 is provided in the exhaust duct 31 and removes dust contained in the smoke 6 discharged from the smoke outlet 22. The fan 33 is provided in the exhaust duct 31 and sucks in the air in the experimental site 2 and exhausts the smoke 6 from the smoke outlet 22. The fan 33 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the exhaust port 31a by controlling the number of revolutions.

  Next, the test method of the fire test facility 1 will be described. When the fire 5 is raised on the fire test bench 4 and the fire test is started, the smoke 6 can enter the test site 2. In the fire experiment, the size of the flame 5 and the flow of the smoke 6 are observed. At that time, the smoke 6 drifting in the experimental space 2 c may slightly enter the gap of the inner shutter 10 a and intrude into the smoke exhaust space 8. The exhaust damper 12 is opened at a predetermined opening degree, and the fan 33 operates at a predetermined rotational speed. By adjusting the rotational speed (air volume) of the fan 33 and / or the opening degree of the exhaust damper 12, the exhaust gas space 8 is adjusted to a negative pressure. As a result, the air outside the site is sucked from the gap of the air inlet 21 or the outer shutter 10 b and the like, and the smoke 6 which has entered the smoke exhaust space 8 is discharged from the smoke outlet 22 to the exhaust duct 31. The dust 6 is removed by the dust collector 32 and the smoke 6 passing through the exhaust duct 31 is discharged out of the experimental site 2. When the fire experiment is completed, a fire extinguishing operation is performed by a sprinkler (not shown) provided on the ceiling 2b of the test site 2, a person 7 and the like. Further, the inner shutter 10 a is opened, and the smoke in the experimental space 2 c is exhausted by the exhaust gas treatment device 3 via the exhaust gas space 8.

  According to the first embodiment, the smoke exhaust space 8 in which the smoke exhaust 22 is formed is disposed outside the experimental space 2c, and the smoke exhaust space 8 is sandwiched between the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b. There is. For this reason, even if smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10 a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 through the smoke outlet 22. Therefore, the smoke 6 can be prevented from flowing out of the experimental site 2.

  Further, the airtightness of the inner shutter 10a is higher than the airtightness of the outer shutter 10b. As a result, the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2 c hardly leaks into the smoke exhaust space 8. Even if smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10 a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 and therefore does not flow out of the experimental site 2. Furthermore, the airtightness of the outer shutter 10b may not be so high, so the outer shutter 10b can be a general weight shutter. That is, the outer shutter 10b does not have to be a smokeproof shutter. Further, by making the air tightness of the inner shutter 10a higher than the air tightness of the outer shutter 10b, the suction of the outside air from the air intake 21 does not catch up when the exhaust gas treatment device 3 evacuates during the fire experiment. Also, since the outside air is sucked from the gap of the outer shutter 10b, the influence on the inside of the experimental space 2c can be reduced.

  FIG. 2: is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 100 in a 1st comparative example. FIG. 2 (a) is a top cross-sectional view, and FIG. 2 (b) is a side cross-sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), when the smoke 6 leaks from the shutter 10, the fire test facility 100 in the first comparative example flows out of the test site 2 as it is. This may adversely affect the environment. In addition, when the smoke exhausting device 3 sucks the smoke, the outside air is sucked from the shutter 10, so that an air flow is generated, which adversely affects the experiment.

  On the other hand, in the fire experimental facility 1 according to the first embodiment, even if the smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 through the smoke outlet 22. Therefore, the smoke 6 can be prevented from flowing out of the experimental site 2. Thereby, an experiment can be performed while preventing the smoke 6 from leaking out of the test site 2 for a long time. The exhaust damper 12 may be omitted. Furthermore, the number of the smoke outlets 22 is not limited to two, and may be one or three or more. In addition, since the flow of air is unlikely to occur in the experimental space 2c even if the smoke processing apparatus 3 is operated, the influence on the fire test can be reduced.

Second Embodiment
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a fire test facility 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that an experimental smoke outlet 223 is formed. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same parts as in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. The differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  3 (a) is a top cross-sectional view of the fire test facility 200, and FIG. 3 (b) is a side cross-sectional view of the fire test facility 200. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), an air inlet 21 is formed in the upper part of the wall 2a of the experimental space 2c, and the air inlet 21 is an opening for taking in air outside the field. In addition, an experimental smoke outlet 223 is formed on the ceiling 2b of the experimental space 2c, and the experimental smoke outlet 223 is an opening for discharging the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2c from the experimental space 2c. The experimental smoke outlet 223 is provided with an exhaust damper 12 whose opening degree can be adjusted. In addition, the experimental smoke outlet 223 is connected to the exhaust duct 31. According to the second embodiment, the smoke 6 is also discharged from the experimental space 2 c itself by the experimental smoke outlet 223. As a result, the amount of smoke 6 leaking from the inner shutter 10a is further reduced. Therefore, the smoke 6 can be further suppressed from flowing out of the test site 2. In addition, since the inlet 21 of the experimental space 2c is provided in the upper part of the wall 2a, even if the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke outlet 223 is opened and exhausted during the fire experiment, the air on the floor 2d side The influence of the flow can be reduced and the influence on the fire test can be reduced. In addition, the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke outlet 223 can be opened and closed as appropriate according to the contents of the experiment. In order to avoid the flow of air in the experimental space 2c as much as possible, the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke outlet 223 may be closed to conduct the experiment.

Third Embodiment
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a fire test facility 300 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the shutter presser 340 is provided. In the third embodiment, the parts common to the first and second embodiments are assigned the same reference numerals and explanations thereof will be omitted, and differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the shutter presser 340 has a receiving portion 340 a and a pole 340 b. The receiving portion 340a is a member having a hollow portion embedded in the ground, and is always closed by a lid. The pole 340 b is inserted into the hollow portion of the receiving portion 340 a and sandwiches the inner shutter 10 a and the outer shutter 10 b. The shutter presser 340 is attached to the lower end of the inner shutter 10a and the lower end of the outer shutter 10b. By providing the shutter presser 340, it is possible to suppress the swing of the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b generated by the pulsation of the flame 5. Therefore, the damage which generate | occur | produces when the inner side shutter 10a and the outer side shutter 10b remove | deviate from a rail (not shown) etc. can be suppressed. Although the third embodiment exemplifies the case where the shutter presser 340 is provided on any of the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b, the shutter press 340 is either the inner shutter 10a or the outer shutter 10b. It may be provided on one side. In this case, when the shutter presser 340 is provided on the inner shutter 10a, it is possible to suppress the swing of the inner shutter 10a which is easily affected by the pulsation of the flame 5.

  FIG. 5: is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experimental installation 400 in a 2nd comparative example. As shown in FIG. 5, the fire experiment facility 400 in the second comparative example does not have a member for suppressing the shaking of the shutter 10. For this reason, the pulsation of the flame 5 in the fire experiment causes the shutter 10 to shake, and in a bad case, the shutter 10 is broken such as coming off the rail.

  On the other hand, the fire experimental facility 300 according to the third embodiment can suppress the swing of the inner shutter 10 a and the outer shutter 10 b generated by the pulsation of the flame 5 by providing the shutter retainer 340.

  In the fire test facility 1, the test site 2 may be a reinforced concrete structure. In addition, the ceiling 2 b and the wall 2 a of the experimental site 2 may be heat-insulated. Furthermore, an air conditioner is provided in the fire test facility 1, the temperature in the test site 2 of the test site 2 can be adjusted in the range of about -20 ° C to about 40 ° C, and the humidity in the test site 2 of the test site 2 It may be adjustable in the range of about 5% to about 95%. In this way, it is possible to conduct a fire experiment without being influenced by different weather conditions.

  For example, although summer season is generally hot and humid, if it is low temperature drying by an air conditioner, even in summer season, fire experiments can be conducted under the environmental conditions of winter season. In addition, although the winter season is generally low-temperature drying, if the air conditioner makes the room hot and humid, it is possible to conduct a fire experiment under the environmental conditions of the summer season even in the winter season. As described above, it is not necessary to conduct a fire experiment every season under different climatic conditions, a fire experiment can always be performed, and a fire extinguishing performance in various environments can be inspected. The fire test facility 1 may be combined with the sprinkler facility.

  1 fire test facility, 2 test site, 2a wall, 2b ceiling, 2c test space, 2d floor, 3 smoke control equipment, 4 fire test stand, 5 fire (flame), 6 smoke, 7 person, 8 smoke exhaust space, Reference Signs List 10 shutter, 10a inner shutter, 10b outer shutter, 12 exhaust damper, 21 intake, 22 exhaust, 31 exhaust duct, 31a exhaust, 32 dust collector, 33 fans, 100 fire test facilities, 200 fire test facilities, 223 Test smoke outlet, 300 fire test facility, 340 shutter holder, 340a receiver, 340b pole.

Claims (3)

An experimental space having an experimental space surrounded by a wall and a ceiling where a fire experiment is conducted, and an exhaust space disposed outside the experimental space and formed with an exhaust port for exhausting smoke generated by the experiment;
A fan for sucking air in the smoke exhaust space;
An openable / closable inner shutter provided at the boundary between the experimental space and the exhaust space;
An openable / closable outer shutter provided at the boundary between the smoke exhaust space and the outside of the experimental site;
A fire experiment facility characterized by comprising. The fire test facility according to claim 1, wherein the airtightness of the inner shutter is higher than the airtightness of the outer shutter. The fire experimental facility according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a shutter holder attached to the inner shutter to suppress the swing of the inner shutter.

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