JP2019052563A - Stirling engine and Stirling refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a Stirling engine which can be made lightweight by making an entire device compact.SOLUTION: A Stirling engine comprises: a heating-side cylinder set including a pair of heating-side cylinders disposed while facing each other in a first direction, a pair of heating-side pistons disposed inside of the heating-side cylinders in a reciprocally movable manner, and a heating-side piston rod connecting the heating-side pistons; and a cooling-side cylinder set including a pair of cooling-side cylinders disposed while facing each other in a second direction that crosses the first direction, a pair of cooling-side pistons disposed inside of the cooling-side cylinders in a reciprocally movable manner, and a cooling-side piston rod connecting the cooling-side pistons. The cylinder sets are rotated around a housing central axial line CL2 together with a housing as a rotor 5.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a Stirling engine and a Stirling refrigerator.

  Since the Stirling engine was invented in the early 19th century, various types have been proposed. For example, α type composed of two power pistons, β type where displacer and power piston are arranged in the same cylinder, γ type where displacer and power piston are arranged in different cylinders, upper and lower surfaces of power piston Double acting type using space can be mentioned.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a Stirling engine including four cylinders arranged in a cross shape, four pistons, and two connection elements that connect two opposed pistons.

Special table 2013-540224 gazette

  However, in the conventional Stirling engine including the Stirling engine described in Patent Document 1, the cylinder is immovable. The present inventor changed the idea about this point, and paid attention to the fact that the entire apparatus can be made compact and light in weight by rotating the cylinder.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, Comprising: It aims at providing the Stirling engine and Stirling refrigerator which can make the whole apparatus compact and can be reduced in weight.

In order to solve the above problems, the Stirling engine and Stirling refrigerator of the present invention employ the following means.
That is, a Stirling engine according to an aspect of the present invention includes a pair of first cylinders arranged to face each other along a first direction, and a pair of first cylinders arranged to be able to reciprocate in each of the first cylinders. A first cylinder set having a piston and a first piston rod connecting the first pistons, and a pair of second cylinders arranged facing each other along a second direction intersecting the first direction And a second cylinder set having a pair of second pistons disposed so as to be capable of reciprocating in each of the second cylinders, and a second piston rod connecting the second pistons, and heating fluid to the cylinders. A heating pipe to be supplied; a cooling pipe for supplying a cooling fluid to the cylinder; a heat storage heat exchanger provided between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe; and a longitudinal direction of the rod of each cylinder set A crankshaft having a crankpin connected rotatably at the center, a radial bearing for crank journal that supports the crankshaft so as to be rotatable about a crankshaft rotation axis, and a bearing holder that supports the radial bearing for crank journal A housing rotatably attached to the bearing holder about a main body rotation axis offset from the crankshaft rotation axis, and a frame to which the bearing holder is fixed, and each cylinder set includes: It rotates about the main body rotation axis together with the housing.

  When heating fluid and cooling fluid are supplied to each cylinder via the heating tube, the cooling tube, and the regenerative heat exchanger, the cylinder set is rotated with respect to the frame around the rotation axis of the main body together with the housing by the Stirling cycle, Rotate the crankshaft around the crankshaft rotation axis. Thereby, rotational power is extracted from the crankshaft. At this time, the crankshaft rotation axis is offset with respect to the main body rotation axis, but the positional relationship does not move relatively. Therefore, the center of gravity of the cylinder set serving as the rotating body and the housing are balanced, and the inertial force due to the rotation of the rotating body does not substantially work in a plane perpendicular to the main body rotation axis. As a result, the Stirling engine can be made compact and lightweight.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to one aspect of the present invention, each cylinder uses a space on both sides partitioned by the piston as an operating space.

  For each cylinder, the space on both sides partitioned by the piston is used as the working space, so that the output can be increased compared to a conventional Stirling engine that uses only one space.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to one aspect of the present invention, the heating pipe is connected to the first cylinder, and the cooling pipe is connected to the second cylinder.

  By connecting a heating pipe to the first cylinder, the first cylinder is a cylinder to which only the heating fluid is supplied. By connecting a cooling pipe to the second cylinder, the second cylinder is a cylinder to which only the cooling fluid is supplied. In this way, heat loss can be reduced by dividing the heating side and the cooling side into the first cylinder and the second cylinder.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to an aspect of the present invention, the housing is divided into a first housing that supports the first piston rod and a second housing that supports the second piston rod.

The housing is divided into a first housing that supports the first piston rod and a second housing that supports the second piston rod, and is divided into a first housing on the heating side and a second housing on the cooling side. Thereby, the heat transfer between the heating side and the cooling side can be reduced as much as possible, and the heat loss can be reduced.
It is preferable to interpose a spacer for heat insulation between the first housing and the second housing.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to one aspect of the present invention, the heating pipe and the cooling pipe are provided apart from each other in the extending direction of the main body rotation axis, and between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe. A partition wall is provided.

  The heating pipe and the cooling pipe are provided apart from each other in the extending direction of the main body rotation axis, and the partition wall portion is provided therebetween. Thereby, a heating pipe and a cooling pipe can be thermally separated and a heat loss can be made small.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention, the said partition wall part forms the heating space which covers the said heating pipe | tube.

  By forming a heating space that covers the heating tube by the partition wall portion, the heating tube can be heated from the outside with low loss, and the thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to an aspect of the present invention, an impeller that blows air toward the cooling pipe is attached to the housing.

  An impeller was attached to the housing, and the impeller was rotated together with the housing to blow air toward the cooling pipe. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of a cooling pipe improves and the thermal efficiency of a Stirling engine can be improved.

  Furthermore, in the Stirling engine according to one aspect of the present invention, each of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe includes a plurality of pipes provided in parallel.

  Each of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe is constituted by a plurality of pipes provided in parallel. Accordingly, the flow resistance of the heating fluid and the cooling fluid can be reduced to reduce the flow resistance, and the heat transfer area can be increased to increase the amount of heat transferred, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine. it can.

  In addition, a Stirling refrigerator according to one aspect of the present invention includes a pair of first cylinders arranged to face each other in the first direction, and a pair of first cylinders arranged to be able to reciprocate in the first cylinders. A first cylinder set having a first piston and a first piston rod connecting the first pistons, and a pair of second cylinders arranged opposite to each other along a second direction intersecting the first direction. A second cylinder set having a cylinder, a pair of second pistons disposed in the second cylinders so as to be capable of reciprocating, and a second piston rod connecting the second pistons; and heating fluid to the cylinders A heating pipe for supplying cooling fluid, a cooling pipe for supplying cooling fluid to the cylinder, a heat storage heat exchanger provided between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe, and a longitudinal direction of the rod of each cylinder set in the center A crankshaft including a crankpin that is rotatably connected; a radial bearing that rotatably supports the crankshaft; and a housing to which the radial bearing is fixed. Each of the cylinder sets includes the crankshaft. At the same time, it rotates around the housing.

  When the crankshaft is rotated by external power, the cylinder set rotates around the housing, the heating fluid and cooling fluid flow to each cylinder via the heating tube, cooling tube, and regenerative heat exchanger, and the Stirling engine reverse cycle occurs. Composed. Thereby, the cold output is taken out from the cooling pipe. At this time, the crankshaft rotation axis is offset with respect to the cylinder set rotation axis, but the positional relationship does not move relatively. Therefore, the center of gravity of the cylinder set serving as the rotating body is balanced, and the inertial force due to the rotation of the cylinder set does not substantially work in a plane orthogonal to the cylinder set rotation axis. Thereby, a Stirling refrigerator can be made compact.

  Since the cylinder set is rotated, the entire apparatus can be made compact and light.

It is the perspective view which showed the Stirling engine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the rotary body. It is the perspective view which showed the housing. It is the perspective view which showed the heating side housing. It is the perspective view which showed the bearing holder connected with respect to the housing. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which showed the bearing holder. It is the perspective view which showed the crankshaft. It is the perspective view which showed the piston and the piston rod. It is the front view which showed the state which the roller of FIG. 8A drive | works on the inner surface of a housing. It is the perspective view which showed the state which attached the piston with respect to the crankshaft. It is the perspective view which showed the heating pipe and the cooling pipe. It is the perspective view which showed the outer side pipe joint. FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along section line IX-IX in FIG. 11A. It is the perspective view which looked at the outer side pipe joint of Drawing 11A from the bottom face side. It is the perspective view which showed the branch joint. It is a bottom view of Drawing 12A. It is the perspective view which showed the pipe joint. FIG. 13B is a bottom view of FIG. 13A. It is the perspective view which showed the state where two pipe flanges were connected. It is the perspective view which showed the structure which added the cylinder head and the inner side cap with respect to FIG. It is the perspective view which showed the cylinder head connected to the 1st outer side heating pipe and the 1st outer side cooling pipe. It is the perspective view which showed the inner side cap connected to the inner side cooling pipe and the inner side cooling pipe. It is the schematic diagram which showed the connection relation of each cylinder, a heating pipe, and a cooling pipe. It is the schematic diagram which showed the constant volume heating and constant volume cooling in a Stirling cycle. It is a P (pressure) -V (volume) diagram of FIG. 18A. It is the schematic diagram which showed the isothermal expansion and isothermal compression in a Stirling cycle. It is a P (pressure) -V (volume) diagram of FIG. 19A. It is the schematic diagram which showed the constant volume cooling and constant volume heating in a Stirling cycle. It is a P (pressure) -V (volume) diagram of Drawing 20A. It is the schematic diagram which showed the isothermal compression and isothermal expansion in a Stirling cycle. It is a P (pressure) -V (volume) diagram of FIG. 21A. It is the schematic which showed the mechanism using a multiple trammel gear, and showed the state rotated in order of the upper stage, the middle stage, and the lower stage. It is the schematic which showed the mechanism using a multiple trammel gear, and showed the state rotated in order of the upper stage, the middle stage, and the lower stage. It is the schematic which showed the mechanism using a multiple trammel gear, and showed the state rotated in order of the upper stage, the middle stage, and the lower stage. It is the schematic which showed the mechanism using a multiple trammel gear, and showed the state rotated in order of the upper stage, the middle stage, and the lower stage. It is the figure which showed the positional relationship of the piston and housing corresponding to FIG. 22A. It is the figure which showed the positional relationship of the piston and housing corresponding to FIG. 22B. It is the figure which showed the positional relationship of the piston and housing corresponding to FIG. 22C. It is the figure which showed the positional relationship of the piston and housing corresponding to FIG. 22D.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a Stirling engine 1 of the present embodiment.
The Stirling engine 1 includes a rotating body 5 that is rotatably supported between two side frames 3.
The side frame 3 is substantially X-shaped when viewed in plan. An opening is formed at the center of the side frame 3, and the end of the crankshaft 4 projects from the opening.
The crankshaft 4 rotates around the crankshaft rotation axis CL1, and thereby the rotation output is taken out.

  The two side frames 3 are arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval with the fixed shaft portion 7 interposed at the four corners. A reflector 9 is inserted between the side frames 3.

The reflector 9 has a flat plate portion (partition wall portion) 9a arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval, and a cylindrical portion 9b sandwiched between both flat plate portions 9a.
A circular opening is formed inside each of the flat plate portions 9a and the cylindrical portion 9b, and the rotator 5 is rotatable in the openings. As will be described later, the reflector 9 has a function of thermally partitioning the heating side and the cooling side.

  An opening 9b1 that is partially open is formed on the side surface of the cylindrical portion 9b. There are two or more openings 9b1, and a heating gas such as exhaust gas or combustion gas is led from one opening 9b1 to the inside of the cylindrical part 9b, and the heating gas is exhausted to the outside from the other opening 9b1. It has become so.

  FIG. 2 shows the rotating body 5. The rotating body 5 is curved in an arc shape so as to cover the housing 11 located in the center, two pairs of cylinders 13 arranged to face each other in a direction orthogonal to the housing center axis CL2, and the outside of each cylinder 13. A heating tube 15 and a cooling tube 17 are provided.

  The crankshaft 4 is provided so as to penetrate the housing 11. A cooling fan (impeller) 19 is fixed to the housing 11 so as to be positioned around the crankshaft 4. The cooling fan 19 rotates with the rotation of the housing 11 to form a radially outward flow and supply cooling air to the cooling pipe 17. The cooling fan 19 may be omitted.

  FIG. 3 shows the housing 11. The housing 11 has a substantially cubic outer shape. The housing 11 is divided into two in the direction of the housing central axis CL2, which is the rotation axis (main body rotation axis) of the rotating body 5, and includes a heating side housing (first housing) 11a, a cooling side housing (second housing) 11b, It has.

  The heating-side housing 11a supports a heating-side piston rod (first piston rod) 38a (see FIG. 9), which will be described later, so as to reciprocate, and the cooling-side housing 11b includes a cooling-side piston rod (second piston rod) 38b ( 9) is supported so that it can reciprocate.

  Heating side rod insertion holes 11a1 through which the heating side piston rods 38a are inserted are formed in opposing side wall portions (upper and lower side wall portions in FIG. 3) of the heating side housing 11a. Cooling side rod insertion holes 11b1 through which the cooling side piston rods 38b are inserted are provided in opposing side wall portions (left and right side wall portions in FIG. 3) of the cooling side housing 11b. The heating-side rod insertion hole 11a1 and the cooling-side rod insertion hole 11b1 are arranged such that when the heating-side piston rod 38a and the cooling-side piston rod 38b are respectively inserted and arranged, the piston rods 38a and 38b are orthogonal to each other at approximately 90 °. Is provided. However, the heating side rod insertion hole 11a1 and the cooling side rod insertion hole 11b1 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the housing central axis CL2 direction so that they do not interfere with each other.

  Each of the heating side housing 11a and the cooling side housing 11b is formed with a heating side bearing holder opening 11a2 and a cooling side bearing holder opening 11b2 around the housing central axis CL2. Radial bearings 12a and 12b are provided in these openings 11a2 and 11b2, and an eccentric bearing holder 26 (see FIG. 5) described later is rotatably connected thereto.

  A parallel rail 21 is fixed to the housing 11 on the side of the rod insertion holes 11a1 and 11b1. The parallel rail 21 guides the reciprocating movement of the piston rods 38a and 39b.

FIG. 4 shows a heating side housing 11a of the housing 11 shown in FIG. In addition, since the cooling side housing 11b is also the same shape, the description is abbreviate | omitted.
The heating-side housing 11a and the cooling-side housing 11b having the same shape are opposed to each other, rotated 90 ° around the housing central axis CL2, and fitted together to form the housing 11 as shown in FIG.

  The heating side housing 11a and the cooling side housing 11b are fixed by inserting bolts 24 (see FIG. 3) into connection holes 22 formed at the four corners. A heat insulating spacer (not shown) is inserted in the mating surface 23 of the heating side housing 11a and the cooling side housing 11b. Heat transfer between the heating side housing 11a and the cooling side housing 11b is prevented as much as possible by the spacer for heat insulation.

  FIG. 5 shows an eccentric bearing holder 26 rotatably connected to radial bearings 12 a and 12 b (see FIG. 3) attached to the housing 11. A flange portion 26a is provided at one end of the eccentric bearing holder 26, and the eccentric bearing holder 26 is fixed to the side frame 3 (see FIG. 1) using the flange portion 26a. Therefore, the housing 11 is supported with respect to the side frame 3 via the eccentric bearing holder 26 and is rotatable about the housing central axis CL2 (see FIG. 3) with respect to the side frame 3.

  A plurality of openings 26b are formed in the cylindrical portion of the eccentric bearing holder 26 at intervals in the circumferential direction. Air is taken into the inner peripheral side of the cooling fan 19 (see FIG. 2) through the opening 26b. Thus, the opening row | line | column by the some opening 26b is formed, and it has the structure which the cooling fan 19 which rotates an outer periphery can take in air smoothly.

  FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section of the eccentric bearing holder 26. The eccentric bearing holder 26 is formed with an eccentric opening 26c that coincides with the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 that is offset from the housing center axis CL2, which is the center axis of the cylinder, at the end opposite to the flange 26a. A crank journal radial bearing 36 (see FIG. 7) is mounted in the eccentric opening 26c, and the crankshaft 4 is rotatably supported by the crank journal radial bearing 36. The offset amount between the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 and the housing center axis CL2 corresponds to the crank radius of the crankshaft 4.

  FIG. 7 shows the crankshaft 4. The crankshaft 4 has two crankpins 30 at an interval in the center in the longitudinal direction. A crankpin radial bearing 32 is attached to each crankpin 30. Two counterweights 34 are respectively attached to the end portions of the crankshaft 4 with respect to each crankpin 30. Two crank journal radial bearings 36 are respectively provided on the end side of the crankshaft 4 with respect to each counterweight 34.

A piston rod 38 shown in FIG. 8A is rotatably attached via a crankpin radial bearing 32 shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8A, a rod holder 40 is provided at the center of the piston rod 38. A hole 41 is formed in the center of the rod holder 40, and the crankpin radial bearing 32 shown in FIG.
Rollers 42 are provided on both sides of the rod holder 40 (up and down in FIG. 8A). As shown in FIG. 8B, the roller 42 rolls on the inner surface 11i of the housing 11 and reciprocates linearly.
As shown in FIG. 8A, pistons 44 are fixed to both ends of the piston rod 38. These pistons 44 reciprocate in the cylinder 13 (see FIG. 2).
A set of the piston rod 38 and each piston 44 is provided on each of the heating side and the cooling side, for example, as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 9 shows a state where the piston rod 38 and the piston 44 are attached to the crankshaft 4. The pair of heating side pistons 44a and the pair of cooling side pistons 44b are disposed so as to intersect with each other at an angle of 90 °. Moreover, the heating side piston 44a and the cooling side piston 44b are arranged at a predetermined interval in the direction of the crankshaft rotation axis CL1.

FIG. 10 shows the heating pipe 15 and the cooling pipe 17.
The heating tube 15 includes two parallel first outer heating tubes 15a that draw an arc of about 180 °, and two parallel outer wires that draw an arc of about 180 ° symmetrically in the same plane as the first outer heating tube 15a. The second outer heating tube 15b. The first outer heating tube 15a and the second outer heating tube 15b form a substantially circumferential shape as a whole in the same plane.

  The cooling pipe 17 includes two parallel first outer cooling pipes 17a that draw an arc of about 180 ° and two parallel outer pipes that draw an arc of about 180 ° symmetrically in the same plane as the first outer cooling pipe 17a. The second outer cooling pipe 17b. The first outer cooling pipe 17a and the second outer cooling pipe 17b draw a substantially circumferential shape as a whole in the same plane.

  The first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a are arranged in parallel to each other. Similarly, the second outer heating pipe 15b and the second outer cooling pipe 17b are arranged in parallel to each other.

  The first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a are connected to each other by first outer pipe joints 46a1 and 46a2 at both ends. The fluid is transferred between the first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a by the first outer pipe joints 46a1 and 46a2. Similarly, the second outer heating pipe 15b and the second outer cooling pipe 17b are connected to each other by second outer pipe joints 46b1 and 46b2 at both ends. The fluid is transferred between the second outer heating pipe 15b and the second outer cooling pipe 17b by the second outer pipe joints 46b1 and 46b2.

  In each outer pipe joint 46a1, 46a2, 46b1, 46b2, a heat storage body (heat storage heat exchanger) formed of a metal mesh or porous ceramics is provided. The heat storage body performs heat exchange between the heating fluid and the cooling fluid.

  11A to 11C show the outer pipe joint 46 (46a1, 46a2, 46b1, 46b2). As shown in FIG. 11A, the outer pipe joint 46 is formed with four connection holes to which the two outer heating pipes 15 and the two outer cooling pipes 17 are inserted and connected. Inside the outer pipe joint 46, as shown in FIG. 11B, a connecting hole 48 is provided continuously in the longitudinal direction. Thereby, each connection hole part 47 is mutually connected, and heat exchange of a heating fluid and a cooling fluid is performed via the thermal storage body (not shown) arrange | positioned at the connection hole part 48. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 11C, the back surface of the outer pipe joint 46 is connected to the inner heating pipe 50 (or the inner cooling pipe 52) shown in FIG. 10 via the branch joint 54 shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. A hole 49 is provided.

  12A and 12B, the branch joint 54 is connected to the communication hole 49 of the outer pipe joint 46 shown in FIG. 11A and branches into two inner heating pipes 50 (or inner cooling pipes 52). It is. That is, the communication hole 49 of the outer pipe joint 46 is connected to a communication hole 55 that is a single hole of the branch joint 54, and is branched into two branch holes 56 through the communication hole 55.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the inner heating pipe 50 and the inner cooling pipe 52 are connected via a pipe flange 57. A pipe flange 57 is shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. The pipe flange 57 is formed with one communicating hole 58 that passes therethrough. A heat storage body (heat storage heat exchanger) (not shown) is disposed in the communication hole 58, and heat exchange is performed between the heating fluid and the cooling fluid. As shown in FIG. 13C, two pipe flanges 57 are used in contact with each other, and one is connected to the inner heating pipe 50 and the other is connected to the inner cooling pipe 52.

  14 shows a configuration in which the cylinder head 13a and the inner cap 13b of the cylinder 13 (see FIG. 2) are arranged with respect to the heating pipe 15 and the cooling pipe 17 shown in FIG. The cylinder head 13a is a wall portion that defines a boundary on the outer peripheral side of each cylinder 13, and is connected to the outer heating pipes 15a and 15b or the outer cooling pipes 17a and 17b. The inner cap 13 b is a wall portion that defines a boundary on the inner peripheral side of each cylinder 13, and is connected to the inner heating pipe 50 or the inner cooling pipe 52.

FIG. 15 shows the cylinder head 13a connected to the first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a. One cylinder head 13a is connected only to the first outer heating pipe 15a, and the other cylinder head 13a is connected only to the first outer cooling pipe 17a. A partition plate 60 is provided between the first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a. The partition plate 60 limits heat transfer between the first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a. The above-described first outer pipe joints 46a1 and 46a2 are provided at the ends of the first outer heating pipe 15a and the first outer cooling pipe 17a.
The second outer heating pipe 15b and the second outer cooling pipe 17b have the same configuration as that shown in FIG.

FIG. 16 shows the inner cap 13 b connected to the inner heating pipe 50 and the inner cooling pipe 52. One inner cap 13 b is connected to the inner heating pipe 50, and the other inner cap 13 b is connected to the inner cooling pipe 52. The inner heating pipe 50 and the inner cooling pipe 52 are connected via a pipe flange 57. An end portion of the inner heating pipe 50 is connected to the outer heating pipes 15 a and 15 b through a branch joint 54. An end portion of the inner cooling pipe 52 is connected to the outer cooling pipes 17 a and 17 b via the branch joint 54. An insertion hole 13b1 is formed at the center of the inner cap 13b. The insertion hole 13b1 is a through hole through which the piston rod 38 (see FIG. 8A) is inserted.
In addition, the same structure shown in FIG. 16 is arrange | positioned in the position which opposes (refer FIG. 14).

Next, the connection relationship between each cylinder 13 and the heating pipe 15 and the cooling pipe 17 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 shows a state in which FIG. 1 is viewed from the back side of the drawing.
In the figure, of the four cylinders 13, two opposing ones are heating side cylinders 13 h to which heated gas is supplied, and the remaining two are cooling side cylinders 13 c to which cooling gas is supplied. The pair of heating side cylinders 13h and the pair of cooling side cylinders 13c are disposed so as to be orthogonal to each other at 90 °. The opposing heating side cylinder 13h is connected via a heating side piston rod 38a. The heating side piston rod 38a is attached to the crankshaft 4 at the center thereof. The opposing cooling side cylinder 13c is connected via a cooling side piston rod 38b. The cooling side piston rod 38b is attached to the crankshaft 4 at the center thereof.

The first outer heating pipe 15 a is connected to the outer peripheral side of the first heating side cylinder 13 h 1, and exchanges heating gas with a space on the outer peripheral side than the piston 44. The first inner heating pipe 50a connected to the first outer heating pipe 15a via the branch joint 54 is connected to the inner peripheral side of the second heating side cylinder 13h2, and the inner peripheral side of the piston 44 Heat gas is exchanged between the two.
The second outer heating pipe 15 b is connected to the outer peripheral side of the second heating side cylinder 13 h 2, and exchanges heated gas with a space on the outer peripheral side of the piston 44. The second inner heating pipe 50 b connected to the second outer heating pipe 15 b via the branch joint 54 is connected to the inner peripheral side of the first heating side cylinder 13 h 1, and has a space on the inner peripheral side from the piston 44. Heat gas is exchanged between the two.
In this way, the pair of opposed heating side cylinders 13h are connected such that the space on the outer peripheral side of one heating side cylinder 13h1, 13h2 and the space on the inner peripheral side of the other heating side cylinder 13h2, 13h1 are connected. It has become.

The first outer cooling pipe 17 a is connected to the outer peripheral side of the first cooling side cylinder 13 c 1 and exchanges cooling gas with a space on the outer peripheral side of the piston 44. The first inner cooling pipe 52 a connected to the first outer cooling pipe 17 a via the branch joint 54 is connected to the inner peripheral side of the second cooling side cylinder 13 c 2, and has a space on the inner peripheral side from the piston 44. Cooling gas exchange between the two.
The second outer cooling pipe 17 b is connected to the outer peripheral side of the second cooling side cylinder 13 c 2, and exchanges cooling gas with the space on the outer peripheral side of the piston 44. The second inner cooling pipe 52b connected to the second outer cooling pipe 17b via the branch joint 54 is connected to the inner peripheral side of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1, and the inner peripheral side of the piston 44 Cooling gas exchange between the two.
In this way, the pair of opposing cooling side cylinders 13c are connected so that the outer peripheral side space of one cooling side cylinder 13c1, 13c2 and the inner peripheral side space of the other cooling side cylinders 13c2, 13c1 are connected. It has become.

  A high temperature heat source TH is shown on the outer peripheral side of the outer heating tube 15. As the high temperature heat source TH, combustion exhaust gas or the like is used. A low temperature heat source TL is shown on the outer peripheral side of the outer cooling pipe 17. Examples of the low temperature heat source TL include air supplied from the outside.

  The rotating body 5 (see FIG. 2) provided with the heating pipe 15, the cooling pipe 17 and the cylinder 13 shown in FIG. 17 operates in the arrow A1 by operating the Stirling cycle between the high temperature heat source TH and the low temperature heat source TL. It rotates around the housing center axis CL2 in the direction shown.

[Sterling cycle]
Next, the cycle of the above Stirling engine will be schematically described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 21 show the state when FIG. 1 is viewed from the back side of the drawing.
18A and 18B show a process in which constant volume heating and constant volume cooling are performed. 18A schematically shows four cylinders 13, and FIG. 18B shows a P (pressure) -V (volume) diagram.
As shown in FIG. 18A, the pair of opposed heating side cylinders 13h1 and 13h2 are positioned up and down in the same figure, and the pair of opposed cooling side cylinders 13c1 and 13c2 are positioned left and right in the same figure. Yes. Each heating side cylinder 13h1, 13h2 is connected by a heating side piston rod 38a, and each cooling side cylinder 13c1, 13c2 is connected by a cooling side piston rod 38b. The center position in the longitudinal direction of the heating side piston rod 38a is the heating side crankpin center 30a, and the center position in the longitudinal direction of the cooling side piston rod 38b is the cooling side crankpin center 30b. The crankshaft rotation axis CL1 is located at an intermediate position between the heating side crankpin center 30a and the cooling side crankpin center 30b.

As shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, during constant volume heating and constant volume cooling, constant volume heating is performed while receiving heat from the high temperature heat source TH, and constant volume heating is performed while releasing heat to the low temperature heat source TL. Cooling is performed.
Specifically, constant volume heating is performed between the outer peripheral side space on the outer peripheral side of the piston 44 of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 and the outer peripheral side space on the outer peripheral side of the piston 44 of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1. Is called. At this time, when the working fluid flows from the outer circumferential side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1 to the outer circumferential side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1, the working fluid receives heat from the heat storage body provided in the outer pipe joint 46. Heated. Constant volume heating is also performed between the inner circumferential side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2 and the inner circumferential side space of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2.
On the other hand, constant volume cooling is performed between the inner circumferential side space on the inner circumferential side of the piston 44 of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 and the inner circumferential side space on the inner circumferential side of the piston 44 of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1. Done. At this time, when the working fluid flows from the inner circumferential side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 to the inner circumferential side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1, the working fluid heats the heat storage body provided in the pipe flange 57. Delivered and cooled. Constant volume cooling is also performed between the outer circumferential side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2 and the outer circumferential side space of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, isothermal expansion and isothermal compression are performed. From the state of FIG. 18A, each cylinder 13 is rotated 90 ° clockwise.
In the outer peripheral side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 and the inner peripheral side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2, it is heated and expanded by the high temperature heat source TH to perform positive work (+ W). As a result, the piston 44 moves leftward in FIG. 19A.
On the other hand, in the inner peripheral side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1 and the outer peripheral side space of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2, it is cooled and compressed by passing heat to the low temperature heat source TL, and negative work (-W) is generated. To do. As a result, the piston 44 moves downward in FIG. 19A.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 20A and 20B, constant volume cooling and constant volume heating are performed. From the state of FIG. 19A, each cylinder 13 is rotated 90 ° clockwise.
Between the outer peripheral side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 and the outer peripheral side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1, and the inner peripheral side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2 and the inner peripheral side space of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2. And constant volume cooling.
On the other hand, between the inner peripheral side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1 and the inner peripheral side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1, and the outer peripheral side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2 and the outer periphery of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2. Constant volume heating is performed between the side spaces.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, isothermal compression and isothermal expansion are performed. From the state of FIG. 20A, each cylinder 13 is rotated 90 ° clockwise.
In the outer peripheral side space of the second heating side cylinder 13h2 and the inner peripheral side space of the first heating side cylinder 13h1, it is heated and expanded by the high-temperature heat source TH to perform positive work (+ W). As a result, the piston 44 moves leftward in FIG. 21A.
On the other hand, in the inner peripheral side space of the second cooling side cylinder 13c2 and the outer peripheral side space of the first cooling side cylinder 13c1, it is cooled and compressed by passing heat to the low temperature heat source TL, and negative work (-W) is generated. To do. As a result, the piston 44 moves downward in FIG. 19A.

  As described above, the Stirling cycle is performed by repeating constant volume heating, isothermal expansion, constant volume cooling, and isothermal compression in each cylinder 13, and each cylinder 13 rotates around the housing center axis CL2 (see FIG. 1).

[Multiple trammel gear]
The Stirling engine 1 of the present embodiment takes out the rotational output by employing a multiple trammel gear.
As shown in FIGS. 22A to 22D, the heating crankpin center 30a and the cooling crankpin center 30b rotate around the crankshaft rotation axis CL1. The housing center axis CL2 is offset and positioned at a position spaced apart from the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 by a predetermined distance.
In each of FIGS. 22A to 22D, three states are shown for each rotation angle of 15 °, and the rotation is performed in the order of upper stage → middle stage → lower stage.

  FIGS. 23A to 23D are diagrams corresponding to FIG. 8B, and illustrate the positional relationship at each rotational position of the piston 44 and the housing 11 corresponding to FIGS. 22A to 22D.

In FIGS. 23A to 23D, the crankpin centers 30a and 30b are the centers of the rod holder 40, and a roller 42 (see FIG. 8A) provided on the rod holder 40 is an inner surface 11i of the housing 11 (see FIG. 8B). The movement of reciprocating along is schematically shown.
While the crankshaft 4 rotates twice around the crankshaft rotation axis CL1, the rotating body 5 including the housing 11 rotates once around the housing center axis CL2. As can be seen from these drawings, each of the crankpin centers 30a and 30b rotates around the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 and performs a circular motion passing through the housing center axis CL2. This employs multiple trammel gears so that each crankpin center 30a, 30b reciprocates on an orthogonal track, and the distance between the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 and the housing center axis CL2 is set to the center of each crankpin. This is because the mechanism is made equal to the distance between 30a, 30b and the crankshaft rotation axis CL1.

[Operational effects of this embodiment]
According to the Stirling engine 1 of the present embodiment, the following operational effects can be obtained.
When the heating fluid and the cooling fluid are supplied to each cylinder 13 through the heating tubes 15a, 15b, 50, the cooling tubes 17a, 17b, 52, and the heat storage bodies provided in the outer tube joint 46 and the pipe flange 57, The rotating body 5 provided with each cylinder 13 is rotated with respect to the side frame 3 around the housing central axis CL2 together with the housing 11 by the Stirling cycle, and the crankshaft 4 is rotated around the crankshaft rotation axis CL1. Thereby, rotational power is extracted from the crankshaft 4. At this time, although the crankshaft rotation axis CL1 is offset with respect to the housing center axis CL2, the positional relationship does not move relatively (see FIGS. 22A to 22D). Accordingly, the centers of gravity of the cylinders 13 and the housing 11 serving as the rotating body 5 are balanced, and the inertial force due to the rotation of the rotating body 5 does not substantially work in a plane perpendicular to the housing center axis CL2. Thereby, the Stirling engine 1 can be made compact and lightweight.

  For each cylinder 13, the space on both sides (outer peripheral space and inner peripheral space) partitioned by the piston 44 is used as the working space, so the output is increased compared to a conventional Stirling engine that uses only one space. can do.

  By connecting the heating pipes 15a, 15b, 50 to the heating side cylinder 13h, the heating side cylinder 13h is made the cylinder 13 to which only the heating fluid is supplied. By connecting the cooling pipes 17a, 17b, 52 to the cooling side cylinder 13c, the cooling side cylinder 13c is made the cylinder 13 to which only the cooling fluid is supplied. Thus, by dividing the heating side and the cooling side into the heating side cylinder 13h and the cooling side cylinder 13c, the heat loss can be reduced.

  The housing 11 is divided into a heating side housing 11a that supports the heating side piston rod 38a and a cooling side housing 11b that supports the cooling side piston rod 38b, and the heating side and the cooling side are separated (FIG. 3 and FIG. 3). (See FIG. 4). Thereby, the heat transfer between the heating side and the cooling side can be reduced as much as possible, and the heat loss can be reduced.

  The heating tubes 15a, 15b, 50 and the cooling tubes 17a, 17b, 52 are provided apart from each other in the extending direction of the housing central axis CL2, and a flat plate portion 9a (see FIG. 1) is provided as a partition wall therebetween. . Thereby, the heating tubes 15a, 15b, 50 and the cooling tubes 17a, 17b, 52 can be thermally separated, and the heat loss can be reduced.

  By forming a heating space that covers the heating tubes 15a, 15b, 50 by the flat plate portion 9a (see FIG. 1) as a partition wall portion, the heating tubes 15a, 15b, 50 can be heated from the outside with low loss. The thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine 1 can be improved.

  A cooling fan 19 (see FIG. 2) is attached to the housing 11, and the cooling fan 19 is rotated together with the housing 11 so that air is blown toward the cooling pipes 17 a, 17 b, 52. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of the cooling pipes 17a, 17b, and 52 can be improved, and the thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine 1 can be improved.

  The heating pipes 15a, 15b, 50 and the cooling pipes 17a, 17b, 52 are each constituted by a plurality of pipes provided in parallel (see FIGS. 2 and 10). Accordingly, the flow resistance of the heating fluid and the cooling fluid can be reduced to reduce the flow resistance, and the heat transfer area can be increased to increase the amount of heat transferred, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the Stirling engine 1. Can do.

In the above-described embodiment, the Stirling engine 1 has been described. However, the present invention is a Stirling refrigerator in which rotational power is input from the external power from the crankshaft 4 and cold is extracted from the position of the low-temperature heat source TL (see FIG. 17). It can also be applied to.
As the heating fluid, for example, exhaust combustion gas from various plants, combustion gas from a burner, solar heat, or the like is used.

1 Stirling engine 3 Side frame 4 Crankshaft 5 Rotating body 7 Fixed shaft 9 Reflector 9a Flat plate (partition wall)
9b Cylindrical portion 9b1 Opening portion 11 Housing 11a Heating side housing (first housing)
11a1 Heating side rod insertion hole 11a2 Heating side bearing holder opening 11b Cooling side housing (second housing)
11b1 Cooling side rod insertion hole 11b2 Cooling side bearing holder opening 11i Inner surface 12a Radial bearing 12b Radial bearing 13 Cylinder 13a Cylinder head 13b Inner cap 13b1 Insertion hole 13c Cooling side cylinder 13h Heating side cylinder 15 Heating tube 15a First outer heating tube 15b Second outer heating pipe 17 Cooling pipe 17a First outer cooling pipe 17b Second outer cooling pipe 19 Cooling fan (impeller)
21 Parallel rail 22 Connection hole 23 Matching surface 24 Bolt 26 Eccentric bearing holder 26a Flange portion 26b Opening 26c Eccentric opening 30 Crank pin 30a Heating side crank pin center 30b Cooling side crank pin center 32 Crank pin radial bearing 34 Counter weight 36 Crank journal Radial bearing 38 Piston rod 38a Heating side piston rod 38b Cooling side piston rod 40 Rod holder 41 Hole 42 Roller 44 Piston 46 Outer pipe joint 46a1, 46a2 First outer pipe joint 46b1, 46b2 Second outer pipe joint 47 Connection hole 48 Connection hole 49 Communication hole 50 Inner heating pipe 52 Inner cooling pipe 54 Branch joint 55 Communication hole 56 Branch hole 57 Pipe flange 58 Communication hole 60 Partition plate CL1 Crankshaft rotation axis L2 housing center axis (main axis of rotation)
TH High temperature heat source TL Low temperature heat source

Claims (9)

A pair of first cylinders arranged to face each other along a first direction, a pair of first pistons arranged to reciprocate in each of the first cylinders, and a first connecting the first pistons. A first cylinder set having a piston rod;
A pair of second cylinders arranged opposite to each other along a second direction intersecting the first direction, a pair of second pistons arranged to reciprocate in the second cylinders, and A second cylinder set having a second piston rod connecting the second piston;
A heating pipe for supplying a heating fluid to the cylinder;
A cooling pipe for supplying a cooling fluid to the cylinder;
A regenerative heat exchanger provided between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe;
A crankshaft comprising a crankpin rotatably connected to the longitudinal center of the rod of each cylinder set;
A radial bearing for a crank journal that supports the crankshaft rotatably about a crankshaft rotation axis;
A bearing holder for supporting the crank journal radial bearing;
A housing rotatably attached to the bearing holder about a main body rotation axis offset from the crankshaft rotation axis;
A frame to which the bearing holder is fixed;
With
Each cylinder set is a Stirling engine that rotates about the main body rotation axis together with the housing.   2. The Stirling engine according to claim 1, wherein each of the cylinders has a working space defined on both sides partitioned by the piston. The heating pipe is connected to the first cylinder;
The Stirling engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling pipe is connected to the second cylinder.   The Stirling engine according to claim 3, wherein the housing is divided into a first housing that supports the first piston rod and a second housing that supports the second piston rod. The heating pipe and the cooling pipe are provided apart from each other in the extending direction of the main body rotation axis,
The Stirling engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a partition wall is provided between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe.   The Stirling engine according to claim 5, wherein the partition wall portion forms a heating space that covers the heating pipe.   The Stirling engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an impeller that blows air toward the cooling pipe is attached to the housing.   The Stirling engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe includes a plurality of pipes provided in parallel. A pair of first cylinders arranged to face each other along a first direction, a pair of first pistons arranged to reciprocate in each of the first cylinders, and a first connecting the first pistons. A first cylinder set having a piston rod;
A pair of second cylinders arranged opposite to each other along a second direction intersecting the first direction, a pair of second pistons arranged to reciprocate in the second cylinders, and A second cylinder set having a second piston rod connecting the second piston;
A heating pipe for supplying a heating fluid to the cylinder;
A cooling pipe for supplying a cooling fluid to the cylinder;
A regenerative heat exchanger provided between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe;
A crankshaft comprising a crankpin rotatably connected to the longitudinal center of the rod of each cylinder set;
A radial bearing that rotatably supports the crankshaft;
A housing to which the radial bearing is fixed;
With
Each of the cylinder sets is a Stirling refrigerator that rotates around the housing together with the crankshaft.

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