JP2019038358A - Railway vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a railway vehicle in which a cabin space containing positions provided with high acoustic pressure levels of noise is modified to suppress the pressure level in respective frequency bands.SOLUTION: A railway vehicle comprises a cabin space composed of a ceiling panel 2, windows 4, side panels 5, an upper floor 6 and seats 7. For the seat 7, a closed space which has bore holes communicating with an outer space is built and the bore holes are provided with sound absorption structures directed toward the ceiling panel 2, the windows 4, the side panels 5 and the upper floor 6.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a railway vehicle that reduces vehicle interior noise.

  In high-speed railway vehicles, it is indispensable to reduce the noise in the passenger cabin, which has increased with the increase in speed. The sound generated due to the running of the railway vehicle includes an aerodynamic sound from the current collector, a rolling sound generated between the wheel and the rail, and a driving sound of an electric device. The sound generated from each sound source has a different frequency, and these sounds overlap to form in-vehicle noise. In order to reduce such in-vehicle noise, various in-vehicle noise reduction techniques have been developed.

  As a noise countermeasure for high-speed railway vehicles, there is a technique disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 in order to reduce air-borne sound transmitted from the outside of the vehicle into the vehicle. In this publicly known example, “for the extruded hollow member constituting the vehicle structure, for example, a diameter of about 0.1 to 1 mm and a hole interval of about 3 mm and a plurality of fine holes (sound absorbing holes) are formed on the inner surface plate, About the extruded hollow member constituting the vehicle structure, the inner surface plate which is a part thereof becomes a micro perforated plate having a plurality of micro holes, and the interior plate arranged via the space between the inner surface plate is the sound insulating plate Structure is disclosed that is configured to function as.

Japanese Patent No. 5160664

  According to the disclosure of Patent Document 1, it is said that a sound absorbing effect can be expected without using a sound absorbing material due to the structure provided with fine holes. However, even if a large number of holes are provided in the inner surface plate of the extruded hollow shape member used in the vehicle structure, it can reduce the transmission loss of air-propagating sound or propagate the rib connecting the outer surface plate and the inner surface plate. It is difficult to reduce the coming solid propagation sound. Also, when low frequency band noise is generated due to the vibration mode of the entire vehicle structure, the outer plate, ribs, and inner plate vibrate together to emit radiated sound. The sound absorption effect cannot be expected with the formed fine holes. On the other hand, when the micro holes are provided in the interior plate, a Helmholtz resonator is formed by the inner surface plate of the extruded hollow shape member, the interior plate, and the air layer between them. In this case, the inner surface plate and the interior plate vibrate in the same phase. Therefore, the intended noise reduction effect cannot be expected.

  An object of the present invention is to reduce the noise level of a railway vehicle using a sound absorbing structure having a perforation and a closed space.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, one of the representative railway vehicles of the present invention is a railway vehicle having an interior space composed of a ceiling panel, a window, a side panel, an upper floor, and a seat,
This is achieved by providing the seat with a sound absorbing structure having a perforated plate in which perforations are formed and a closed space communicating with the external space through the perforations.

According to the present invention, by arranging the perforated plate of the sound absorbing structure so as to face the space where the sound pressure in the vehicle increases, an effect of reducing vehicle interior noise can be obtained.
Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

It is the schematic in the railway vehicle passenger room which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic of the sound absorption structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which has arrange | positioned the sound absorption structure which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention inside the seat. It is the schematic which has arrange | positioned the sound absorption structure which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention in parallel with the window. It is the schematic which has arrange | positioned the perforated plate which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention in parallel with the window. It is the schematic which applied the structure of the sound-absorbing structure which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention to the cargo rack. It is the schematic which arrange | positioned the sound-absorbing structure which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention around the seat. It is the schematic of the slide type sound absorption structure which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is the schematic of the partition type | mold sound-absorbing structure which concerns on Embodiment 7 of this invention. It is the schematic of the uneven | corrugated perforated type sound-absorbing structure which concerns on Embodiment 8 of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the present specification, a structure having a perforated plate and an air layer behind it as a closed space is hereinafter referred to as a “sound absorbing structure”. The closed space refers to an internal space shielded by a perforated plate and other members with respect to the external space of the sound absorbing structure.
Furthermore, the site | part which connects the external space of a sound-absorbing structure and internal closed space is called a neck part.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view inside a railway vehicle cabin according to an embodiment of the present invention. A cabin 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a ceiling panel 2, a cargo rack 3, a window 4, a side panel 5, an upper floor 6, and a seat 7. The interior noise is a sound in which the radiated sounds from the ceiling panel 2, the window 4, the side panel 5, and the upper floor 6 are overlapped, and is a noise including frequency components in a wide band from a low frequency to a high frequency.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sound absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.2 (a) has shown the external appearance of the sound-absorbing structure 8, and FIG.2 (b) shows the AA cross section of Fig.2 (a). The sound absorbing structure 8 applies the principle of a Helmholtz resonator. The sound-absorbing structure 8 is surrounded by four wall plates 8c between a perforated plate 8b provided with a plurality of perforated holes 8a and a wall plate 8c which is a bottom plate opposed to the perforated plate 8b. It has a housing shape with a closed space 8d.

  When a sound wave enters the perforation 8a from the outside of the sound absorbing structure 8, the air in the closed space 8d acts as a spring, and the air in the perforation 8a serving as the neck portion vibrates as one lump. In particular, when a sound wave having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the sound absorbing structure is incident, the air in the neck portion vibrates violently and exhibits a large sound absorbing function due to friction loss. Further, since the resonance frequency is a function of the cross-sectional area of the perforation 8a, the volume (volume) of the closed space 8d, and the length of the neck of the perforation 8a, the noise reduction effect in a specific frequency band can be expected by adjusting these. it can.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which the sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is arranged inside the seat. FIG. 3 shows a front view (3a), a right side view (3b), a plan view (3c), and a bottom view (3d). Referring to FIG. 1, in the passenger compartment 1 of the railway vehicle, the sound pressure is large in the space between the seat 7 and the cargo rack 3, the seat 7 and the window 4, the seat 7 and the side panel 5, and the seat 7 and the upper floor 6. Since these spaces are relatively close to the ears of seated passengers, they are easily recognized as noise. In consideration of the noise environment peculiar to the inside of the railway vehicle cabin, it is effective to make the railway vehicle have a sound absorbing effect on the seat.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (c), the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed inside the seat back upper part of the seat 7 (near the head of the seated passenger), and the perforations 8a are formed on the ceiling panel 2 (see FIG. 1). By facing the side, the sound pressure between the seat 7 and the ceiling panel 2 and between the seat 7 and the cargo rack 3 (see FIG. 1) is reduced. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed inside the seat back of the seat 7, and the perforation 8a is directed toward the window 4 (see FIG. 1), so that the space between the seat 7 and the window 4 is set. The sound pressure is reduced.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed in the seat cushion of the seat 7, or the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed in the space between the seat 7 and the upper floor 6 to form the perforations 8a. The sound pressure between the seat 7 and the side panel 5 is reduced by facing the side panel 5 (see FIG. 1). 3 (a) and 3 (d), the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed in the seat cushion of the seat 7, and the perforations 8a are directed to the upper floor 6 (see FIG. 1), so that the seat 7 The sound pressure between the upper floors 6 is reduced.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which the sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is arranged in parallel to the window. The sound absorbing structure of the present embodiment translates the sound absorbing structure (illustrated) that shields the window 4 and the sound absorbing structure parallel to the surface of the window, and does not overlap the window 4 (not shown) (in the vertical direction or It is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The sound absorbing structure of the present embodiment has a structure that functions as a thin casing-like blind, and the perforated plate 8b is disposed with the perforated 8a facing the window. The axis of the perforations 8a is preferably parallel to the normal of the window 4. As a result, the radiated sound wave propagating from the window 4 close to the seated passenger's ear enters the perforations 8a in parallel, so that the sound absorbing effect is great and the sound pressure level near the passenger's ear is further reduced.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 5 is a view showing a perforated plate of a sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention arranged in parallel with a window. The sound absorbing structure of the present embodiment includes a plate-shaped perforated plate 8b that also serves as a blind, a side panel 5 and a window 4 provided around the plate-shaped perforated plate 8b. The perforated plate 8b is movable, and has a separation position (not shown) spaced from the opening of the side panel 5 facing the window 4, and a shielding position (not shown) that is fitted into the opening and shields the window 4. It is possible to slide between them (in the vertical direction or in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle). By using such a blind as the perforated plate 8b, a closed space 8d is formed by the window 4 and the side panel 5. According to the present embodiment, there is no need to provide a side plate, and the sound pressure level between the seat 7 (see FIG. 1) and the window 4 is reduced by a simple sound absorbing structure using a conventional structure.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of the sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention in a state where it is applied to a cargo rack. The cargo rack 9 shown in FIG. 6 can be used as a modified example of the cargo rack 3 shown in FIG. 1. In this case, since it is necessary to support heavy objects such as luggage, it has a casing shape including a truss structure. . The luggage rack 9 as a truss-type sound absorbing structure includes a perforation 9a provided on each of the ceiling panel 2 side and the seat 7 side, a pair of perforated plates 9c provided with a plurality of the perforations 9a, a pair of perforated plates 9c and a truss It is comprised from the some closed space 9b partitioned off by. With this configuration, the sound pressure between the ceiling panel 2 and the cargo rack 9 and between the cargo rack 9 and the seat 7 is reduced by the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment. The perforations 9a may be provided on at least one of the ceiling panel 2 side and the seat 7.

(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is arranged around the seat, and shows an example in which Embodiments 1-4 described above are combined. More specifically, the sound absorbing structure 8 is installed inside the seat back upper portion of the seat 7, and the perforations 8a are directed toward the ceiling panel 2 (see FIG. 1), so that the seat 7, the ceiling panel 2, and the seat 7 Sound pressure between the shelves 9 can be reduced. Moreover, the sound pressure between the seat 7 and the window 4 can be reduced by installing the sound absorbing structure 8 inside the seat back of the seat 7 and directing the perforations 8a toward the window. Moreover, the sound pressure between the seat 7 and the side panel 5 can be reduced by installing the sound absorbing structure 8 inside the seat cushion of the seat 7 and directing the perforations 8a to the side panel 5 side. Moreover, the sound pressure between the seat 7 and the upper floor 6 can be reduced by installing the sound absorbing structure 8 inside the seat cushion of the seat 7 and directing the perforations 8a to the upper floor 6 side. Further, the sound pressure level near the passenger's ear in the normal direction of the window 4 is obtained by using the blind of the window 4 as the sound absorbing structure 8 (or the sound absorbing structure shown in FIG. 5) and directing the perforations 8a toward the window 4 side. Can be reduced. Moreover, the sound pressure between the ceiling panel 2 and the load shelf 9, and between the load shelf 9 and the seat 7 can be reduced by making the load shelf 9 into a truss type sound absorbing structure. However, in the sound absorbing structure 8 provided in the seat 7, it is sufficient that the perforations 8 a face at least one of the ceiling panel 2, the window 4, the side panel 5, and the upper floor 6.

  By adjusting the volume of the back air layer in the sound absorbing structure, the diameter of the holes, the number of holes, the pitch between holes, the plate thickness of the holes, etc., the resonance frequency of the sound wave passing through the holes can be controlled. An effect of reducing noise in a frequency band that greatly contributes can be obtained. In the embodiments described below, these representative examples will be specifically described.

(Embodiment 6)
FIG. 8 is a diagram used for explaining a slide-type sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. FIG. 8A shows the external appearance of the slide-type sound absorbing structure 10, and FIG. 8B shows a cross section taken along line BB in FIG. 8A. In a railway vehicle, the frequency of the noise level peak value may vary depending on the location. In addition, the frequency of the noise level peak value may vary depending on the traveling section. According to the slide type sound absorbing structure 10 according to the present embodiment, the resonance frequency can be adjusted according to the frequency of the noise level peak value.

  More specifically, the slide-type sound absorbing structure 10 includes four wall plates 10c surrounding a rectangular perforated plate 10b having a plurality of perforations 10a, and a rectangular shape that is opposed to the perforated plate 10b and has no perforations. Four wall plates 10c surrounding the wall plate (also referred to as a bottom plate) 10c are fitted in a nested manner. The volume of the closed space 10d is changed by sliding the overlapping wall plates 10c relatively in the vertical direction in the figure, thereby adjusting the resonance frequency according to the frequency of the noise level peak value, and the most effective sound absorption The effect can be demonstrated. By replacing the sound absorbing structure 8 used in the above-described embodiment with the slide-type sound absorbing structure 10, a perforated plate with a uniform perforation diameter can be used regardless of the installation location, and the cost can be reduced.

(Embodiment 7)
FIG. 9 is a diagram used for explaining a partition-type sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. FIG. 9A shows the appearance of the partition-type sound absorbing structure 11, and FIG. 9B shows a CC cross section of FIG. 9A. The partition-type sound absorbing structure 11 is a housing structure having a perforated plate 11c having perforations 11a and 11b having different diameters (or sizes) and a wall plate 11d that partitions a closed space. By combining the closed spaces 11e and 11f of different volumes partitioned by the wall plate 11d and the perforations 11a and 11b having different diameters that communicate with these external spaces, a plurality of resonance frequencies can be set. The noise in the frequency band can be effectively reduced. By replacing the sound absorbing structure 8 used in the above-described embodiment with the partition type sound absorbing structure 11, the noise level in a wide frequency band can be reduced. Further, for example, a single partition type sound absorbing structure 11 may be installed inside the seat back of the seat 7 so that the perforations 11a and 11b are directed in different directions, thereby reducing the assembly man-hours and the like.

(Embodiment 8)
FIG. 10 is a diagram used for explaining the concavo-convex perforated sound absorbing structure according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. FIG. 10A shows the appearance of the concavo-convex perforated sound absorbing structure 12, and FIG. 10B shows a DD cross section of FIG. The concave / convex perforated sound absorbing structure 12 is a pipe-type perforated 12a that is formed by communicating a closed space 12d surrounded by a perforated plate 12b and a wall plate 12c with an external space. This corresponds to the case where the volume of the closed space 12d cannot be secured sufficiently. Since the resonance frequency is a function of the length of the neck portion, the neck portion is made longer than the plate thickness of the perforated plate 12b. For example, it can be formed by joining a circular tube cut to a predetermined length to the perforated plate 12b. The uneven perforated type sound absorbing structure 12 is installed inside the seat cushion of the seat 7 and the pipe type perforated 12a is directed to the upper floor side, so that the convex part of the pipe type perforated 12a does not interfere with the seat 7 and the upper floor 6 (see FIG. 1) is reduced. Further, if the pipe-type perforation 12a is drawn into the inside and the outer end thereof is flush with the outer surface of the perforated plate 12b, the convex portion is eliminated. Therefore, the pipe-type perforation 12a can be used similarly to the above-described embodiments. . The embodiments described above can be used in combination with each other.

  In contrast to the embodiment described above, the perforations do not have to be directed to a space (ceiling panel, window, side panel, space facing the upper floor) where all sound pressures increase in the vehicle interior, at least of which If it is suitable for one, it is enough. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the perforations is not limited to a circle, and various shapes such as an ellipse and a rectangle can be adopted, and the cross-sectional area is not uniform and may vary along the axial direction. The present invention is not limited to railway vehicles and can be applied to aircrafts, ships, and the like.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to one having all the configurations described. Further, a part of a configuration in one embodiment can be replaced with a configuration in another embodiment, and a configuration in another embodiment can be added to a configuration in one embodiment. . Further, it is also possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration in each embodiment.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Inside of a guest room, 2 ... Ceiling panel, 3 ... Loading shelf, 4 ... Window, 5 ... Side panel, 6 ... Upper floor, 7 ... Seat, 8 ... Sound-absorbing structure, 9 ... Cargo shelf provided with truss type sound-absorbing structure DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Slide type sound absorption structure, 11 ... Bulkhead type sound absorption structure, 12 ... Concavity and convexity type sound absorption structure

Claims (8)

A railway vehicle having an interior space composed of a ceiling panel, a window, a side panel, an upper floor, and a seat,
A railway vehicle comprising: a sound absorbing structure including a perforated plate having perforations and a closed space communicating with an external space through the perforations.   2. The railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the seat has the sound absorbing structure in which the perforations are directed to at least one side of the ceiling panel, the window, the side panel, and the upper floor. A railway vehicle characterized by   The railway vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sound absorbing structure is disposed in the window, and the perforation faces the window.   The railway vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a closed space of the sound absorbing structure is formed by the window and the side panel.   The railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sound absorbing structure is provided on a cargo rack having a truss structure, and is provided on at least one of the ceiling panel side and the seat side. A railway vehicle characterized by being formed so that the perforation faces.   The railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the volume of the closed space of the sound absorbing structure is variable, and thereby the resonance frequency is adjusted.   The railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sound absorbing structure includes the perforations having different cross-sectional areas and the closed spaces having different volumes, and a plurality of combinations thereof are provided. A railway vehicle characterized by having a resonance frequency.   The railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the neck portion of the perforation is longer than a thickness of a perforated plate provided with the perforations.

Images