JP2019011485A - Device and method for manufacturing a lamination molded body - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a device and method for manufacturing a lamination molded body capable of preventing that in powder-bed-melting lamination molding, a metallic three-dimensional lamination molded body has a temperature gradient only in a normal direction to a surface of the molding plate so that by cooling in order in this direction, anisotropy dependent on a lamination direction occurs in a crystalline structure of the molded body, and that internal heat storage occurs to cause oxidation due to overheat or molding defects such as micro-porosity.SOLUTION: A device and method for manufacturing a lamination molded body is movably provided with a cooling body for temperature cooling of a molded body for newly providing a cooling passage, in addition to a cooling passage in a normal direction to a surface of the molded plate, orthogonal thereto in a position contacting or neighboring the molded body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a three-dimensional additive modeling technique based on a powder bed melting method, and relates to an apparatus and a method for manufacturing a layered object obtained by irradiating a powder material with a light beam.

In the powder bed fusion (PBF) method using the directional energy method (SLM: Selective Laser Melting) of metal 3D modeling,
A method of dissipating heat to a metal plate called a base plate through a shaped product has been conventionally known.

  In this method, a powder layer in which inorganic or organic powder materials are uniformly deposited is irradiated with directional energy such as a laser or an electron beam to selectively melt the directional energy irradiation area of the powder. Alternatively, it is a process of forming a three-dimensional structure based on a powder material by repeating a process of sintering, further depositing a powder layer, and irradiating directivity energy. The irradiation process of the directional energy in this process is a thermal process for melting and solidifying the powder, and naturally, a heat flow of heat input by the directional energy and heat radiation toward the base plate is generated.

  According to the prior art documents, there is one that cools a modeling plate by a predetermined cooling means, a piping through which a cooling medium flows is provided on an elevating table that contacts the modeling plate, and a cooling machine is installed outside to form the modeling plate And cooling the shaped product (for example, see Patent Document 1).

WO2008 / 143106

In the known metal three-dimensional modeling apparatus and the above-mentioned prior art documents, cooling is performed by dissipating the heat of the model formed on the base plate to the surroundings through the base plate and unmelted powder.
However, since the amount of heat that the powder melts instantaneously is added and the next layer is stacked to form a similar molten pool before the heat release is completed, the shaped body tends to store heat, depending on the conditions during shaping Causes warping deformation due to the temperature difference inside the modeled body, oxidation of part of the surface in contact with the unmelted powder, unevenness in the cooling temperature gradient, and microporosity (vacancies, defects). It may be encapsulated, resulting in defects in modeling quality.

  Further, in the configuration shown in Patent Document 1, since the direction of heat conduction in cooling is constant toward the base plate (direction from the modeled product to the baseplate), when the modeled product is a metal, the crystal structure is anisotropic. And anisotropy of mechanical strength depending on the stacking direction of the shaped bodies occurs.

  In addition, since the cooling surface is only the contact surface of the modeling plate with respect to the modeling object, heat input at the time of modeling at a position away from the modeling plate in the latter modeling stage is slow in heat dissipation, and the modeling object can be taken out after the modeling is completed. It takes a long time to cool down to the temperature, which causes a reduction in the operating rate of the apparatus.

The manufacturing apparatus of the layered object of the present invention is
It is a manufacturing apparatus for a layered object that is formed by laminating and molding a melt-bonded body that is formed into a planar shape by selectively melting and bonding powder of a powder aggregate,
A modeling chamber for modeling the layered object,
A modeling plate that is installed below the modeling chamber and for joining and fixing the layered model,
A lift plate that is disposed below the modeling plate and raises and lowers the modeling plate; and a powder feeder for supplying the powder into the modeling chamber;
A recoat unit that receives the powder from the powder feeder and forms a powder layer on the modeling plate;
A laser oscillator that excites laser light serving as a heat source for melting the powder in the powder layer;
A galvano mirror that is installed above the modeling chamber and scans the laser beam;
Parallel to the laminated layer of the melt-bonded body, it is installed at the same height position as any one of the layers where the melt-bonded body is stacked, and the outer surface is cooled at a lower temperature than the layered structure or the powder. With body,
The powder in the powder layer formed by the recoat unit is melted by scanning the laser beam with the galvanometer mirror, and the modeling plate is moved at a constant pitch by the lift plate, and Cooling the layered object formed by melting the powder in the powder layer at the height position of the layer of the uppermost melt-bonded body on which the layered object is stacked while forming. It is characterized by.

  In order to change the direction of heat conduction to the direction other than the normal direction of the contact surface with the layered shaped body of the shaped plate that holds the layered shaped body with respect to the layered shaped body, the cooling body By arranging the cooling body so that the direction of the heat flow is perpendicular to the normal of the contact surface with the layered object (by newly configuring), the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the layered object is By controlling and providing the main heat conduction directions in directions other than the normal direction of the base plate contact surface, in particular, the crystal structure of the metal laminate model is made random compared to the conventional and the mechanical strength anisotropy is suppressed. It becomes possible to cool efficiently. Moreover, it becomes possible to shorten the cooling time of the layered object after completion of modeling, and to improve the operation rate of the manufacturing apparatus of the layered object.

It is a figure for demonstrating the state of the modeling body at the time of the modeling start in the metal 3D modeling body manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example for demonstrating the state of the modeling body in the middle of modeling in the metal 3D modeling body manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other example for demonstrating the state of the modeling body in the middle of modeling in the metal 3D modeling body manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the analysis result of the temperature distribution of a molded object at the time of cooling using the horizontal cooling rod in the metal three-dimensional molded object manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other example for demonstrating the state of the modeling body in the middle of modeling in the metal 3D modeling body manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart figure which shows the modeling process of the molded object by the metal three-dimensional molded object manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic model figure which attached the modeling support to the modeling object in the metal three-dimensional modeling object manufacturing device concerning Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the state which attached the modeling support to the modeling body in the metal 3D modeling body manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and set the intrusion area of the cooling rod. It is a figure for demonstrating the state in the middle of modeling of the molded article by the metal three-dimensional molded object manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the modeling completion state of the molded article by the metal three-dimensional molded object manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the taking-out state of the molded article by the metal three-dimensional molded object manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is an overhead view of a horizontal cooling rod and a vertical cooling rod extended state in a modeling chamber. It is a figure for demonstrating the support alternative state by the vertical cooling rod of the metal three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is an overhead view of the support alternative state by the vertical cooling rod of the metal three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the state which partially substituted the support by the vertical cooling rod of the metal three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
A method and apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the main configuration of a metal three-dimensional structure manufacturing apparatus used in manufacturing a three-dimensional structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Note that FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram in which detailed parts are omitted in order to describe only main components of the present invention.

  This apparatus is a metal three-dimensional layered object 22 (generally referred to as a three-dimensional layered object when other materials are included. Also, these are simply referred to as a metal layered object or a layered object. A molding chamber 11 for forming a metal three-dimensional layered model body 22 to be fixed, and a powder feeder 13 for supplying an appropriate amount of metal powder into the modeling chamber 11. A recoat unit 14 that receives powder from a powder feeder and forms a powder layer (hereinafter also referred to as a powder layer) having a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm on the modeling plate 12, and a heat source that melts the powder layer A laser oscillator 15 for exciting the laser beam and an optical path 17 for transmitting the laser beam from the laser oscillator 15 to the galvanometer mirror 16 above the modeling chamber 11. The laser beams scanned by the mirror passes through the protective lens 19 and the condenser lens 18, to melt the metal powder in the powder layer.

In FIG. 2, a lift plate 21 that raises and lowers the modeling plate 12 below the modeling plate, and one or a plurality of horizontal cooling rods 23 below the modeling chamber 11 for the purpose of cooling the metal three-dimensional layered model 22. One or a plurality of vertical cooling rods 24 and actuators 26 for individually moving the horizontal cooling rods 23 and the vertical cooling rods 24 are provided. Further, a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple is incorporated in the tip portions of these two types of horizontal cooling rods 23 and vertical cooling rods 24, and temperature information detected by the temperature sensors is a temperature (not shown) provided in the cooling device. It is sent to the controller and controlled so that the temperature at the detection location becomes a desired value.
Note that an unmelted powder deposit 25 exists around the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22.

  From the state before modeling in FIG. 1, modeling is continued according to the flowchart of modeling processing of the metal three-dimensional layered object shown in FIG. 6, and the state during the modeling of the metal three-dimensional layered object shown in FIGS. 2 and 9, FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 11, after the state of completion of modeling of the metal three-dimensional layered structure shown in FIG. 11 (until this state, the unmelted powder deposit 25 remains), finally, the lift plate 21 The metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 is moved into the modeling chamber 11, and after removing unmelted powder deposits (not shown), the modeling plate 12 is taken out.

Hereinafter, the detailed modeling process about the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6 and the drawings related to the individual processes shown in this modeling process.
The process enclosed with the symbol A in the right parenthesis in FIG. 6 is a CAD / CAM work process. This process is not a modeling work of the modeling apparatus according to the present invention, but a preparation work. This process is described because it relates to the operation of the vertical cooling rod 24. Further, the process enclosed by the symbol B in the right parenthesis in FIG. 6 is a process showing work in an inert gas atmosphere in a broad sense such as Ar, N ₂ gas, etc. It is a process to do.

First, the process enclosed by the symbol A in FIG. 6 will be described.
About the three-dimensional CAD model for modeling the metal three-dimensional layered object 22, data about the holding body of the metal three-dimensional layered object 22, generally called a support 41, which is not in the data of the normal three-dimensional CAD model Is granted. The support 41 is usually disposed between the modeling plate 12 and the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 (see FIG. 7). The support 41 prevents the metal three-dimensional layered model 22 from being deformed by a thermal change during the modeling process by connecting the metal three-dimensional layered model 22 and the modeling plate 12.

After providing support shape data (hereinafter referred to as support data) on the three-dimensional CAD data, as shown in FIG. 8, the intrusion prohibited area (the horizontal cooling rod 23) of the horizontal cooling rod 23 and the vertical cooling rod 24 described above is used. And a region where the vertical cooling rod 24 is not disposed) is set as a region C surrounded by a broken line (shown by upper and lower two rectangular parallelepipeds).
Here, the three-dimensional CAD data and the support data are slice data divided into a number of layers parallel to the surface of the modeling plate 12 with a layer having the same thickness as the powder layer serving as a stacking pitch at the time of modeling as a unit. Created.

  Next, the environmental conditions at the time of modeling and the irradiation conditions of the laser beam which is a heat source are set, and slice data is output. By the way, in general, data processing to divide into a large number of layers, except for data such as the arrangement of the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22, whether support is provided, environmental conditions, laser light irradiation conditions, and the like (CAD software) (But not automatically) on the CAM software side.

Next, a modeling process in the metal three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus related to the process enclosed by the bracket B on the lower right side of FIG. 6 will be described below.
The above slice data is taken into the metal three-dimensional additive manufacturing apparatus, and modeling is started. Before the laser beam is scanned according to the slice data of the first layer, the recoat unit 14 moves left and right to form the powder layer on the modeling plate (see step S105).

  At the time of forming the powder layer, the upper surface of the modeling plate 12 is installed at a position below the recoat unit 14 that is separated from the lower surface of the recoat unit 14 by about 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm. Is formed with a uniform thickness with respect to the upper surface of the modeling plate.

  When the laser beam is irradiated to the powder layer based on the slice data of the first layer, the powder in the portion irradiated with the laser beam is selectively melted and solidified, so that the first-layer metal three-dimensional layered object is formed. 22 is formed (see step S106).

Next, in response to the lowering operation of the lift plate 21, the modeling plate 12 is lowered by one powder layer, and the recoat unit 14 is moved in the left-right direction in the drawing to form a second powder layer. Laser light is irradiated based on the slice data of the layer (see step S107). Hereinafter, in the same manner, this operation (operation of forming a powder layer and irradiating a laser beam based on slice data) is sequentially repeated. In other words, N is a natural number and N is the Nth layer. By repeating the above-described series of selective melting and solidification operations of the powder layer by the lowering of the modeling plate 12 and the movement of the recoating unit 14 in the left-right direction and the laser beam irradiation in order, The metal three-dimensional layered object 22 to be formed is formed.

Subsequently, the operation of the horizontal cooling rod 23 and the vertical cooling rod 24 will be described. The horizontal cooling rod 23 and the vertical cooling rod 24 are arranged around the portion where the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 is formed. As the modeling proceeds, the modeling plate 12 is the most of the horizontal cooling rods 23. It reaches a position lower than the horizontal cooling rod 23a arranged in the upper stage. At that time, the branch of “N _Lth cooling rod-numbered stack (here, N _L : maximum N)” (see step S108) in the flowchart of FIG. Move to the vicinity of the no entry area (horizontal direction).

  A large number of horizontal cooling rods 23 are arranged in the depth direction (in the direction of arrow E in the figure) as shown in FIG. 12, and all of the uppermost horizontal cooling rods 23a move to the vicinity of the intrusion prohibited area. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 6, the horizontal cooling rod 23 is sequentially moved to the last layer in the slice data until the final layer is formed, and then the horizontal cooling rod 23 b and the horizontal cooling rod 23 c are sequentially moved as described above. Repeat the operation.

These horizontal cooling rods 23a, 23b, 23c,..., 23m (m is the maximum number of installed. For example, FIG. 12 shows a case where horizontal cooling rods with 3 m are used. ) Is connected to a cooling device including a temperature controller, which is described in each device configuration diagram, and serves as a mechanism for positively exhausting heat received from laser light during modeling to a cooling medium flowing inside. Yes. For example, the horizontal cooling rod 23 is configured such that a water pipe is disposed therein and water as a cooling medium is circulated to perform heat transfer from the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 to the cooling rod.
In addition to this example, the horizontal cooling rod 23 itself incorporates a Peltier element and absorbs heat from the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 or the powder deposit 25 to cool the metal three-dimensional layered object 22. Also good.

  Incidentally, the operation of the vertical cooling rods 24 is not limited to this, and each vertical cooling rod 24 located outside the intrusion prohibition area C moves upward in accordance with the descending amount of the modeling plate 12 after forming each layer. Continue to move upward until the final layer is completed.

  After the formation of the final layer is completed, and the cooling effect of each horizontal cooling rod 23 and vertical cooling rod 24 lowers the temperature of the shaped body to near room temperature, as shown in FIG. The vertical cooling rod 24 is moved to the outside of the modeling area of the metal three-dimensional layered object (rectangular region D surrounded by a broken line in the figure).

  Subsequently, after the modeling plate 12 and the lift plate 21 are raised to the initial height of modeling of the metal three-dimensional layered object, the powder deposit 25 around the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 is removed to form the model. By separating the plate 12 and the lift plate 21, the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 is taken out from the modeling chamber 11 together with the modeling plate 12 (see step S <b> 112 in FIG. 6).

  The modeling plate 12 integrated with the taken-out metal three-dimensional layered object is cut off by means of machining such as wire cutting and wire saw, for example, and the support 41 constituting a part of the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 is For example, the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 having the same shape as the original data of the three-dimensional CAD is formed from the metal three-dimensional layered object that has been removed by the processing by the milling apparatus or the machining center processing apparatus.

In the above description, the vertical cooling rod is described as a component in addition to the horizontal cooling rod. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained even when only the horizontal cooling rod is included as a component (for example, FIG. 3).

Here, in the case where only the horizontal cooling rod is included as a component, an example of the result of analyzing the temperature distribution by a simulation model will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 4A is a comparative example shown for comparison with the example in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, and shows an example of a temperature distribution when heat is directly radiated to a conventional modeling plate. The temperature distribution immediately after scanning of the laser beam to the portion indicated by the symbol GA1 (at several seconds after scanning) is shown. In this comparative example, a state after the laser beam is scanned on the upper surface of the modeled body is shown (see symbols GA1 to GA6). The (a1) diagram on the left side of FIG. 4 (a) shows the temperature distribution with different concentrations, and the (a2) diagram on the right side of FIG. ).
In FIG. 4A, the portion indicated by reference sign GA1 is a melted region, and is, for example, about 1500 ° C. for a stainless alloy or the like. In the places indicated by reference signs GA2 to GA5, the temperature decreases from the reference signs GA2 to GA5 in the order of the signs, and in the places indicated by reference sign GA5, the temperature decreases to the temperature of the modeling plate portion (the temperature indicated by the reference sign GA6). doing. In the above, the temperatures of GA1 to GA6 are approximately as follows. GA1: 1900 ° C, GA2: 1500 ° C, GA3: 800 ° C, GA4: 250 ° C, GA5: 150-160 ° C, GA6: 150 ° C.

FIG. 4B shows the temperature when heat is radiated to both the horizontal cooling rod (in this figure, five horizontal cooling rods are used in the drawing) and the modeling plate using the apparatus configuration described in the present embodiment. An example of the distribution is shown. In FIG. 4 (b), the left (b1) diagram displays the temperature distribution by changing the concentration, and in FIG. 4 (b), the right (b2) diagram shows the temperature distribution as an isothermal line (white line in the diagram). ).
In the case of the apparatus configuration described in the present embodiment, the temperature distribution immediately after scanning of the laser beam at the position indicated by reference numeral GB1 (several seconds after scanning) is substantially the same as in the conventional method, Since the horizontal cooling rod 23 is in contact with the side surface of the molded body at the locations (locations indicated by symbols GB2 to GB6), the temperature of the contact portion is lowered, and the molded body is as shown in FIG. The temperature distribution is obtained (see the locations indicated by reference numerals GB2 to GB6). In the above, the temperatures of GB1 to GB6 are approximately as follows. GB1: 1700 ° C, GB2: 1300 ° C, GB3: 750 ° C, GB4: 260 ° C, GB5: 120-130 ° C, GB6: 140-150 ° C.

  From the above results, the temperature distribution is clearly different between the conventional system and the apparatus configuration described in the present embodiment, and the cooling effect by the horizontal cooling rod (that can be cooled more efficiently than the conventional one) is clear.

In the above description, the horizontal cooling rod has been described on the premise that it is configured to be movable by an actuator. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the installed height position is the metal three-dimensional layered object 22. If it is arranged so that it is within the range of the height position of the side surface, it is not possible to move in the horizontal direction, and even if the installation position is fixed, the same cooling effect is achieved (FIG. 5).
Further, in the above description, the horizontal cooling rod or the vertical cooling rod is referred to as a rod-shaped cooling body, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the horizontal cooling rod or the vertical cooling rod is a plate-shaped cooling body. Even so, the same effect is achieved. In other words, the horizontal cooling rod can be referred to as a horizontal cooling body including a plate shape, and the vertical cooling rod can be referred to as a vertical cooling body including a plate shape. These both can be collectively referred to as a cooling body.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the slice data in the first embodiment, since the surface of the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 and the intrusion prohibition area form the same surface, each horizontal cooling rod 23 substantially contacts the metal three-dimensional layered object 22. doing.

  In FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 that are examples of the present embodiment, the horizontal cooling rod 23 is not in contact with the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22. That is, in this Embodiment, since the powder deposit 25 exists between the horizontal cooling rod 23 and the metal three-dimensional lamination | stacking modeling body 22, contact thermal resistance generate | occur | produces between each. Therefore, although the value of the cooling efficiency is slightly smaller than in the case of the first embodiment, the cooling effect by the horizontal cooling rod 23 and the vertical cooling rod 24 according to the present invention is compared with the heat dissipation through the conventional modeling plate. And the value of cooling efficiency is getting bigger.

  However, in the heat dissipation path in this case, the portion occupied by the powder deposit 25 has the least heat conduction, and therefore, as much as possible between the surface of the metal three-dimensional layered object and each horizontal cooling rod 23 and vertical cooling rod 24. It is desirable to set it to a small size.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the third embodiment, the temperature gradient during cooling of the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 is also taken in a direction parallel to the surface of the modeling plate 12 (horizontal direction). Thereby, the growth of crystal grains of the metal structure of the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 in which the cooling time after the completion of the modeling of the metal three-dimensional layered body 22 is shortened can be randomized (for this effect, the first embodiment described above). In addition to the effects described above in the second embodiment, there are effects other than those described above.

  In the third embodiment, even when the horizontal cooling rod 23 is in contact with the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22, the same effect as when it is not in contact is obtained. Since the horizontal cooling rods 23 and the vertical cooling rods 24 are set so as to move the powder deposits, the pushed powder deposits are discharged to the movable area of the recoat unit 14.

  As a result, the powder can be reused when the recoating unit 14 moves in the horizontal direction in the figure, which is the horizontal direction, so that the amount of metal powder brought into the modeling chamber 11 can be reduced accordingly. This leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost by reducing the necessity of having metal powder as stock because metal powder for metal three-dimensional modeling is generally expensive.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 13, 14, and 15. FIG. FIG. 13 shows the vertical cooling rod 24 used in the first to third embodiments of the present invention, with the metal member 101 made of the same material as that of the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 to be modeled, at the tip of the vertical cooling rod 24. The state which has attached by the detachable methods, such as a screw, is shown. By setting in this way, it is possible to form the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 that has conventionally required support with almost no support.

  This situation is as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, when the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 has an undercut portion (see the portion surrounded by the dotted line F in the figure), the metal three-dimensional layered object is formed. In doing so, as shown in FIG. 14A, it is necessary to arrange a large number of supports 111 in the modeling area. At this time, in order to substitute for the support 111 that had to be arranged in the modeling area, as shown in FIG. 14B, the metal member 101 is a metal integrated with the vertical cooling rod 24 in accordance with the progress of modeling. By adjusting the length of the member 101, the use of the support 111 can be avoided. This has the effect that the support removal process after the completion of modeling can be simplified.

Conventionally, after the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 is cut off from the modeling plate 12 by wire-cut electric discharge machining or a wire saw, the support 111 and the residue of the support 111 remaining on the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 are milled or machined. Although it was removed by cutting with a machining machine such as machining, as described above, the metal 111 is replaced with the support member 111, so that the work of separating the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 and the modeling plate 12 is vertically cooled. Since it can complete by removing the screw etc. which connect the bar | burr 24 and the metal member 101, the effect that the time of isolation | separation work can be shortened is produced.

  In addition, the laser beam scanning time for each layer spent for forming the support 111 can be shortened, and the amount of metal powder used for forming the support 111 can be reduced.

  When there is no undercut portion directly above the metal member 101 integrated with the vertical cooling rod 24, the undercut portion is expanded from the metal member 101 integrated with the vertical cooling rod 24 as shown in FIG. Forming is possible by forming the minimum support 121 that supports the entire surface of the part to be formed.

  Also in this case, since the volume of the metal member 101 and the vertical cooling rod 24 integrated with the vertical cooling rod 24 does not require the formation of a support, the amount of metal powder used can be reduced and the scanning time of the laser beam can be reduced. There is an effect that the modeling time required for modeling the metal three-dimensional layered model 22 can be shortened.

  In addition, when a conventional support is used, an undercut portion in the modeling plate 12 and the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 as shown in FIG. 13 (see the portion of the symbol F surrounded by a dotted line in the figure). Is far apart (in this figure, the case where they are separated in the vertical direction), even if the support is formed, the length of the support (the size in the vertical direction), the metal three-dimensional layered object 22 Therefore, there is a possibility that defects in modeling quality such as overheating and oxidation of the shaped body due to insufficient heat radiation may occur. In addition, there is a possibility that a thermal strain occurs inside the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 during modeling, and an accident that a part of the model deforms and contacts the recoat unit 14 to damage the recoat unit 14 may occur. .

In the present embodiment, the metal member 101 connected to the vertical cooling rod 24 is replaced with, for example, a metal having good heat conduction, and only the molding surface of the metal member 101 is sprayed or PVD (physical vapor deposition, ie, physical vapor deposition). The cooling efficiency to the vertical cooling rod 24 via the metal member 101 is increased by forming the same kind of metal as the metal three-dimensional layered structure 22 by bonding or by joining by brazing. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of the above-described modeling quality defect and to prevent an accident during modeling.

  It should be noted that the present invention can be freely combined with each other within the scope of the invention, and each embodiment can be appropriately modified or omitted. For example, in the present invention, an apparatus or a method for directly modeling a metal three-dimensional layered object is described without using metal parts on the modeling plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be similarly applied to an apparatus or a method for additionally modeling a metal three-dimensional layered model for a part.

  In addition, as a modeling method, an explanation has been given of melting an unmelted powder deposit with a laser beam or the like. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Is also applicable. Furthermore, although the powder material used for shaping | molding demonstrated the metal as an example, powder material is not restricted to this, It can apply similarly to powder, such as resin with good heat conductivity.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Modeling chamber, 12 Modeling plate, 13 Powder supply machine, 14 Recoat unit, 15 Laser oscillator, 16 Galvano mirror, 17 Optical path, 18 Condensing lens, 19
Protection lens, 21 Lift plate, 22 Metal three-dimensional layered object, 23 Horizontal cooling rod, 24 Vertical cooling rod, 25 Powder deposit, 26 Actuator, 41, 111 Support, 101 Metal member, 121 Minimum support

Claims (9)

It is a manufacturing apparatus for a layered object that is formed by laminating and molding a melt-bonded body that is formed into a planar shape by selectively melting and bonding powder of a powder aggregate,
A modeling chamber for modeling the layered object,
A modeling plate that is installed below the modeling chamber and for joining and fixing the layered model,
A lift plate that is disposed below the modeling plate and raises and lowers the modeling plate; and a powder feeder for supplying the powder into the modeling chamber;
A recoat unit that receives the powder from the powder feeder and forms a powder layer on the modeling plate;
A laser oscillator that excites laser light serving as a heat source for melting the powder in the powder layer;
A galvano mirror that is installed above the modeling chamber and scans the laser beam;
Parallel to the laminated layer of the melt-bonded body, it is installed at the same height position as any one of the layers where the melt-bonded body is stacked, and the outer surface is cooled at a lower temperature than the layered structure or the powder. With body,
The powder in the powder layer formed by the recoat unit is melted by scanning the laser beam with the galvanometer mirror, and the modeling plate is moved at a constant pitch by the lift plate, and Cooling the layered object formed by melting the powder in the powder layer at the height position of the layer of the uppermost melt-bonded body on which the layered object is stacked while forming. An apparatus for manufacturing a layered object characterized by the above. An actuator for moving the cooling body,
The actuator is moved to the vicinity of the melted and shaped layered object to cool the melted and shaped object, or the remaining powder remaining without being melted. Item 2. A manufacturing apparatus for a layered object according to Item 1. One or a plurality of vertical cooling bodies installed to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the laminated surface of the molten bonded body for cooling the molten shaped body or the residual powder, and the vertical cooling body And an actuator for moving
3. The additive manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the vertical cooling body is moved to the vicinity of the additive manufacturing object that is melted and formed to cool the additive manufacturing object that is melted and formed or the residual powder. Body manufacturing equipment. In the case where the layered object has an undercut part,
The manufacturing apparatus for a layered object according to claim 3, wherein a metal member of the same type as the removable layered object is attached to a tip of the vertical cooling body. A method for manufacturing a layered object that is formed by laminating and molding a melt-bonded body formed in a planar shape by selectively melting and bonding powder of a powder assembly,
A modeling chamber for modeling the layered object,
A modeling plate that is installed below the modeling chamber and for joining and fixing the layered model,
A lift plate that is disposed below the modeling plate and moves the modeling plate up and down; a powder feeder for supplying the powder into the modeling chamber;
A recoat unit that receives the powder from the powder feeder and forms a powder layer on the modeling plate;
A laser oscillator that excites laser light serving as a heat source for melting the powder in the powder layer;
A galvano mirror that is installed above the modeling chamber and scans the laser beam;
Parallel to the laminated layer of the melt-bonded body, it is installed at the same height position as any one of the layers where the melt-bonded body is stacked, and the outer surface is cooled at a lower temperature than the layered structure or the powder. And a manufacturing apparatus for a layered object including the body,
While forming a powder layer from the powder, melting the powder in the formed powder layer and layering the layered object,
The layered object formed by melting the powder in the powder layer is cooled by the cooling body at the height position of the layer of the uppermost melt-bonded body of the layered object. A manufacturing method of a layered object.   The manufacturing apparatus for the layered object includes an actuator for moving the cooling body, and moves the cooling body in the vicinity of the layered object formed by melting the powder by the actuator to melt the powder. The method for producing a layered object according to claim 5, wherein the layered object formed and formed or the remaining powder remaining without being melted is cooled. The additive manufacturing apparatus includes a plurality of the actuators,
The cooling body is moved by a first actuator so as to be movable in parallel with the laminated surface of the molten bonded body, and moved by a second actuator in a direction perpendicular to the laminated surface of the molten bonded body. The method for manufacturing a layered object according to claim 6, further comprising: a vertical cooling body that is installed. The layered object has an undercut part,
A metal member of the same type as the removable layered object is attached to the tip of the vertical cooling body, and the length of the metal member is set to be adjustable according to the degree of modeling of the layered object. The manufacturing method of the layered object according to claim 7. It is a manufacturing method of a layered structure that repeats the operation of selectively melting and bonding powder of a powder assembly formed in a planar shape, and stacks and forms a layered molten body,
While the environmental conditions at the time of modeling this layered model, the irradiation conditions of the laser beam that is a heat source for melting the powder are set,
3D CAD data for modeling the layered object, and shape data of a holding body that holds the layered object provided to the 3D CAD data,
The three-dimensional CAD data and the shape data of the holding body are formed by the melt bonding so that a layer having the same size as the lamination pitch at the time of modeling the layered object is formed before the layered object is formed. A method for manufacturing a layered object, which is created as slice data divided into a number of layers parallel to a surface on which the body is stacked.