JP2019011129A - Transportation method and refrigeration method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a transportation method capable of refrigerating a refrigeration object with improved appropriateness.SOLUTION: In a transportation method, a refrigeration object 1 is transported in a container 5 together with ice 3 at a temperature of -100°C or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present disclosure relates to a transportation method and a cold insulation method for transporting a cold preservation object such as seafood.

  A transportation method is known in which both a cold object and ice are accommodated in a container and transported. Patent Document 1 proposes disposing a water absorbing body on the bottom or inner wall of the container in order to prevent water from leaking out of the container. In patent document 1, the cloth bag which accommodated the highly water-absorbent resin, and the sponge made from urethane are mentioned as a water absorbing body. Patent Document 1 proposes to provide an abutment preventing member for preventing ice from directly contacting a cold object. In patent document 1, the sheet | seat made from paper or polyethylene is mentioned as a contact prevention member. Further, Patent Document 1 proposes that the contact prevention member is made of a heat insulating material in order to prevent the object to be kept cold from freezing and freezing. In Patent Document 1, foamed polystyrene is cited as a heat insulating material.

JP 2009-90983 A

  A transport method and a cold insulation method that can cool an object to be kept cold are more desirable.

  In the transportation method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the object to be kept cold and ice of −100 ° C. or less are both accommodated in the container and transported.

  In one example, a water absorbing material capable of absorbing water is interposed between the cold object and the ice.

  In one example, the water absorbent is a flexible sheet made of a porous material.

  In one example, a flexible sheet made of a water-impervious material and thinner than the water-absorbing material is interposed between the cold insulation object and the water-absorbing material.

  In the cold insulation method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the cold preservation object and ice of −100 ° C. or less are both contained in the container.

  According to the method described above, the object to be kept cold can be more suitably kept cool.

The perspective view for demonstrating the transport method which concerns on embodiment. Sectional drawing for demonstrating the transport method which concerns on embodiment.

(Outline of transportation method)
FIG.1 and FIG.2 is the perspective view and sectional drawing for demonstrating the transportation method which concerns on embodiment.

  The transportation method according to the embodiment is to transport the cold insulation object 1 while keeping it cold. The cold object 1 is kept cold by being accommodated in a container 5 (7 and 9) together with a plurality of ices 3. Further, a water shielding sheet 11 and a water absorbing sheet 13 are interposed between the ice 3 and the cold insulation object 1, for example. In addition, although the cold insulation target object 1 may be accommodated in the container 5 by itself, and may be accommodated in the container 5 in plurality, in FIG.1 and FIG.2, in order to make illustration easy, one cold insulation Only the object 1 is shown.

(Cold insulation)
Examples of the cold insulation object 1 include fresh food, transplant organs and vaccines (containers in which a transplant organ or vaccine is enclosed). Although the word of cold insulation is generally used for foodstuffs, as will be understood from the above examples, the object to be kept cold is not limited to foodstuffs in the present disclosure. Examples of the fresh food include fresh fish (seafood), meat (meat), and fruits and vegetables. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, fish is taken as an example of the cold insulation object 1.

(container)
The container 5 only needs to be able to accommodate both the cold object 1 and the ice 3, and the material and structure thereof are not limited. For example, the material of the container 5 may include resin, wood, metal, paper, or a combination thereof. Examples of the material made of resin include foamed plastics typified by expanded polystyrene. Examples of the case where a plurality of materials are combined include a case where a member (material) for ensuring strength and a member (material) for maintaining heat are stacked in the inner and outer directions of the container 5.

  In the example of FIG.1 and FIG.2, the container 5 is taken as an example having a box body 7 whose upper side is opened and a lid body 9 that closes the opening above the box body 7. The lid body 9 is fixed to the box body 7 by, for example, fitting a part thereof into the opening of the box body 7. Such box 7 and lid 9 may be made of any of the materials exemplified above, but are made of, for example, foamed polystyrene.

  In addition, the container 5 may be, for example, a cooler box in which the lid body 9 is connected to the box body 7 by a hinge structure. For example, when the transport distance is short or when the cold object 1 is simply kept cold without being transported, the container 5 may be configured by only the box 7.

(ice)
The term “ice” here refers to solid water, and does not mean a solid of a low-molecular substance other than water, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or methane. However, the water does not need to be pure, and may be, for example, seawater, salt water, tap water, or water containing other impurities or additives.

  The ice 3 is at a temperature of −100 ° C. or lower (for example, about −120 ° C.) at least when the object 1 and the ice 3 are accommodated in the container 5. Such ice at −100 ° C. or less can be produced by using, for example, “Ultra Low Temperature Chiller Cold Wave” manufactured by ADDI. This ultra-low temperature chiller can cool the supplied gas (for example, air, Freon gas, liquid nitrogen, or argon gas) to a temperature of about −130 ° C. by using a multistage evaporator and a mixed refrigerant. Then, for example, ice at −100 ° C. or lower is produced by flowing the gas cooled by the chiller through a flow path provided in an ice making container (not shown) that stores water or a flow path around the ice making container. can do.

  The lowest temperature measured on the earth is said to be about -90 ° C in the South Pole. Therefore, there is no ice below −100 ° C. in nature. As a result, even if the cold object 1 and the ice are both stored in the container 5 in the extremely cold region, the transportation method of the present embodiment is not already implemented unintentionally.

  The ice 3 is formed in an appropriate size according to the size and shape of the cold object 1 and a plurality of ices 3 are arranged around the cold object 1. Such ice 3 is formed, for example, by crushing ice formed in a relatively large ice making container (not shown). Of course, a plurality of ices 3 of an appropriate size may be produced from the beginning by providing a partition in the ice making container.

(Water shielding sheet)
The water shielding sheet 11 is a flexible sheet made of a material that does not allow water to pass through. The water shielding sheet 11 is in direct contact with the cold insulation object 1, for example. Since the water shielding sheet 11 is flexible, the shape of the water shielding sheet 11 is changed according to the shape of the cold insulation object 1, and the water shielding sheet 11 is substantially in close contact with the cold insulation object 1.

  Further, the water shielding sheet 11 covers the entire cold insulation object 1. In FIG.1 and FIG.2, the two water-impervious sheets 11 are provided so that the cold insulation target object 1 may be pinched | interposed in an up-down direction. In addition, you may make it wrap the cold insulation object 1 with the sheet | seat of the water impervious sheet 11, and may make the bag formed of the water impervious sheet 11 accommodate the object 1 with the cold insulation. When the plurality of cold insulation objects 1 are accommodated in the container 5, the plurality of cold insulation objects 1 may be covered by a common water shielding sheet 11 or individually covered by the plurality of water shielding sheets 11. It may be.

  Examples of the material of the water shielding sheet 11 include a resin. That is, the water shielding sheet 11 may be configured by a resin film such as a food wrap film. The water shielding sheet 11 may have an appropriate thickness, strength, and the like. For example, the water-impervious sheet 11 may be made as thin as possible as long as its strength is ensured to some extent. For example, the thickness of the water shielding sheet 11 may be less than 1 mm or less than 100 μm. In addition, the thickness of the food wrap film is generally 10 μm to 20 μm. Of course, the water shielding sheet 11 may be thicker than the thickness illustrated here.

(Water absorption sheet)
The water absorbing sheet 13 is a flexible sheet made of a material capable of holding water (in another aspect, allowing water to pass through). For example, the water absorbing sheet 13 is in contact with the water shielding sheet 11 on the cold insulation object 1 side, and is in contact with the plurality of ices 3 on the opposite side. Since the water absorbing sheet 13 is flexible, the shape of the water absorbing sheet 13 is changed according to the shape of the cold insulation object 1 (water shielding sheet 11), and the cold absorbing object 1 (via the water shielding sheet 11). It is almost in close contact.

  In addition, the water absorbent sheet 13 covers the entire cold insulation object 1. In FIG.1 and FIG.2, the two water absorption sheets 13 are provided so that the cold insulating object 1 may be pinched | interposed in the up-down direction similarly to the water shielding sheet 11. FIG. In addition, you may make it wrap the cold insulation target object 1 with the sheet | seat of the water absorption sheet 13, and you may make it accommodate the cold insulation target object 1 in the bag formed of the water absorption sheet | seat 13. FIG. When the plurality of cold insulation objects 1 are accommodated in the container 5, the plurality of cold insulation objects 1 may be covered by a common water absorbent sheet 13 or individually covered by the plurality of water absorbent sheets 13. Also good. The specific aspect in which the water absorbing sheet 13 covers the cold object 1 may be the same as or different from the specific aspect in which the water shielding sheet 11 covers the cold object 1.

  Examples of the material of the water absorbent sheet 13 include porous materials such as sponge, paper, cloth, and cotton. These materials absorb and / or hold water by, for example, capillary action, and discharge more water than can be held to the outside (water flows out of the water-absorbing body by gravity or the like). Examples of the material for the sponge include resins such as urethane. The water absorbing sheet 13 may have an appropriate thickness and strength. For example, the water absorbing sheet 13 is thicker than the water shielding sheet 11. For example, the thickness of the water absorbing sheet 13 is 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. Of course, the water absorbing sheet 13 may be thicker than the thickness illustrated here.

(Function)
As described above, the transport method according to the present embodiment transports both the cold object 1 and the ice 3 having a temperature of −100 ° C. or less in the container 5 for transport. In other words, the transportation method of the present embodiment accommodates both the cold object 1 and the ice 3 at −100 ° C. or less in the container 5 and the cold object 1 and the ice 3 together. A transfer step of transferring the container 5. In addition, the ice 3 should just be -100 degrees C or less in a accommodation step, and does not necessarily need to be -100 degrees C in a transfer step.

  In the transport method as described above, for example, the time until the ice 3 melts is longer than when ordinary ice (for example, −10 ° C. to −20 ° C.) is used. As a result, for example, the cold object 1 can be kept cold for a long time. In another aspect, the amount of ice required for transportation can be reduced. As a result, the weight to be transported can be reduced, and the transportation cost can be reduced.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, a water absorption thing (water absorption sheet 13) is interposed between the cold insulation target object 1 and the ice 3.

  Therefore, the ice 3 does not directly cool the object 1 to be kept cold, but water generated by melting the ice 3 penetrates the water absorbing sheet 13 and the water to be kept 1 is cooled by this water. As is well known, the temperature of water is basically 0 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the cold object 1 can be brought close to 0 ° C. by the ice 3 while reducing the possibility that the cold object 1 is frozen. As a result, for example, when the cold-keeping object 1 is a fresh fish, the quality can be kept better.

  In the present embodiment, the water absorbent (water absorbent sheet 13) is a flexible sheet made of a porous material.

  Therefore, for example, a flow path from the ice 3 to the cold object 1 is secured for the water generated by melting the ice 3 by the holes of the porous body. In addition, since the water absorbent sheet 13 is in close contact with the cold object 1 due to its flexibility, the length of the flow path is defined by the thickness of the water absorbent sheet 13. As a result, for example, temperature adjustment of the cold insulation object 1 is facilitated.

  In the present embodiment, a flexible sheet (water shielding sheet 11) made of a water shielding material and thinner than the water absorbing sheet 13 is interposed between the cold insulation object 1 and the water absorbing sheet 13.

  Therefore, for example, the water-absorbing sheet 13 can be brought into close contact with the object 1 to be kept cold while reducing the possibility that the water exuded from the water-absorbing sheet 13 penetrates the object 1 to be kept cold, thereby improving the cold-retaining effect.

  In the above description, the technique of the embodiment is described as a transport method, but the technique of the embodiment may be regarded as a cold insulation method. In the cold insulation method, the transfer (transfer step) is not an essential requirement, and an accommodation step for accommodating the cold object 1 and the ice 3 at −100 ° C. or less in the container 5 may be performed.

(Experiment)
Ice at about −120 ° C. was produced using an ultra-low temperature chiller manufactured by ADD Corporation. The ice and relatively perishable fresh fish such as horse mackerel and mackerel were stored in the container 5 as described in the embodiment. The container 5 was made of polystyrene foam. The water shielding sheet 11 was a commercially available food wrap film. The water absorbing sheet 13 was a urethane sponge having a thickness of about 5 mm. And the container 5 which accommodated fresh fish as mentioned above was transported from Yonago City, Tottori Prefecture to Okinawa Prefecture. Transportation was carried out over a two-day schedule, using land and air routes so that the situation would be expected when the project was actually conducted. Further, as a comparative example, a similar experiment was performed on a sample using normal ice (-20 ° C to -10 ° C) instead of -120 ° C ice.

  As a result, when normal ice was used, all the ice was melted when arriving at the destination, and the fresh fish was damaged. On the other hand, when ice at −120 ° C. was used, the ice remained, and the fresh fish was not damaged. Further, when fresh fish is frozen, changes such as whitening of the eyes occur, but such changes have not occurred. The freezing suppression is an effect by the water absorbing sheet 13.

  From the above and other experiments, it was found that ice below −100 ° C. took 48 hours to completely melt. On the other hand, normal ice melts in about 18 hours. That is, it has been found that ice below −100 ° C. can exert a cold insulation effect in about three times the time of normal ice. In addition, although the experiment which cools dry ice to -100 degrees C or less was also performed, the effect which lengthens the time which can exhibit a cold-retaining effect was hardly acquired.

  The fact that the time during which the cold insulation effect can be maintained is approximately three times that, from another viewpoint, the amount of ice required to maintain the cold insulation effect over a predetermined time can be reduced to 1/3. Therefore, for example, when 3 kg of normal ice is used for transporting 10 kg of fresh fish, if ice of −100 ° C. or lower is used instead of normal ice, the amount of ice can be 1 kg. That is, the transport weight is reduced by about 15%. As a result, transportation costs can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be implemented in various aspects.

  In the embodiment, a plurality of ice pieces smaller than the cold object are used. However, for example, the object to be kept cold and one piece of ice that is relatively large (for example, larger than the object to be kept cold) may be accommodated in the container. Even in this case, for example, ice at −120 ° C. can prolong cooling and / or reduce the amount of ice.

  Moreover, in the embodiment, the entire cold insulation object is embedded in a plurality of ices. However, for example, the object to be kept cold may be located above, below or beside the ice or objects, or the object to be kept cold may be buried in a single piece of ice. Alternatively, only a part of the cold object may be embedded in one or more ices. The positional relationship between the cold object and ice may be set as appropriate depending on the type of the cold object or the type of fish.

  The container may have a cooling function like a refrigerator. In addition, this inventor conducted the experiment which preserve | saves fresh fish (specifically horse mackerel) with the ice of about -120 degreeC in the refrigerator with a cold preservation temperature of 2 degreeC. In this case, the fresh fish was not damaged even after 2 days. In the case of normal ice, damage occurs in two days.

  Further, for example, the container may be configured such that water generated by melting ice is not stored around the object to be kept cold. For example, the container may be raised by a plate having a hole so that water can be stored under the plate, or a water-absorbing material may be provided at the bottom of the container. In addition, such a structure is not inconsistent with the structure which interposes a water absorption thing (water absorption sheet | seat 13) between ice and a cold storage object.

  The water absorption material (water absorption sheet 13) and the water shielding sheet may not be provided. For example, ice at −100 ° C. may directly contact the cold object. Conversely, an appropriate member may be disposed in the container in addition to or in place of the water-absorbing material and the water-impervious sheet. For example, a water-insulating heat insulating material may be interposed between the cold object and ice. The heat insulating material may or may not be flexible. Further, a cushioning material may be interposed between the cold object and ice. The buffer material may be, for example, a large material that covers the object to be kept cold, or may be a relatively small material that is arranged in a plurality or many around the object to be kept cold.

  A water absorption thing is not limited to a sheet-like thing, and is not limited to what has flexibility. For example, the water-absorbing material may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape in which a space having the same shape as the shape of the cold object is formed. In addition, for example, as a water-absorbing material, a large number of small pieces made of a material having water absorption properties are arranged around the object to be cooled, or a large number of small pieces are arranged around the object to be cooled so as to exhibit water absorption by a gap between the small pieces. Or may be arranged.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cold storage object, 3 ... Ice, 5 ... Container, 7 ... Box, 9 ... Lid, 11 ... Water-impervious sheet, 13 ... Water-absorbing sheet (water-absorbing material).

Claims (5)

A transport method in which a cold object and ice of −100 ° C. or less are both contained in a container and transported. The transport method according to claim 1, wherein a water-absorbing material capable of absorbing water is interposed between the cold object and the ice. The transport method according to claim 2, wherein the water-absorbing material is a flexible sheet made of a porous material. The transport method according to claim 3, wherein a flexible sheet made of a water-impervious material and thinner than the water-absorbing material is interposed between the cold insulation object and the water-absorbing material. A method for keeping cold, in which both the object to be kept cold and ice of −100 ° C. or less are contained in a container.

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