JP2019004753A - Gas treatment system and gas treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a gas treatment system and a gas treatment apparatus that can efficiently remove impurity with concentration beyond an expected level or unknown impurity.SOLUTION: A gas treatment system 1 has: a gasification furnace (gas generation part) 2 which burns waste matters to generate gas; an organic substance generation part 5 which generates an organic substance from gas by fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacterium; and a broth contact gas refining part 4 which is provided between the gasification furnace 2 and the organic substance generation part 5, and refines gas by bringing gas into contact with bacterium and/or bacterium-derived component. Bacterium and/or bacterium-derived component of the broth contact gas refining part 4 are preferably gas-assimilating bacterium and/or gas-assimilating bacterium-derived component, which are supplied from the organic substance generation part 5 via a liquid line 201.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas processing system and a gas processing apparatus.

  Currently, it has been studied to produce an organic substance by incinerating waste in an incinerator to produce a gas and fermenting the produced gas with a microorganism (bacteria) (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, the composition of the gas obtained by incineration of the waste is not constant, and the concentration of impurities varies greatly. Increasing the concentration of impurities adversely affects microorganisms and production facilities, and decreases the yield of organic substances.

  In order to solve such a problem, removal of impurities from the generated gas has been studied (for example, see Patent Document 2). In Patent Document 2, ammonia, COS, and particulate matter are removed by passing gas through a scrubber. All of the conventional methods that have been studied so far are methods of removing “specific impurities” with a “specific device”. For this reason, the conventional method is not sufficient for removing impurities of unknown concentration or unknown impurities.

In addition, when an oxygen-containing organic substance is synthesized from synthesis gas using anaerobic microorganisms, it has been studied to provide a “pre-fermenter” in front of the main fermenter (see, for example, Patent Document 3). In Patent Document 3, a partial reaction of CO and H ₂ for "pre-fermenter" (reaction rate: 10 to 40 mol%) using a, and aims to improve the reaction rate of the entire system Yes. At that time, "removal of unspecified impurities in synthesis gas" has also been studied.
However, in such a method, it is necessary to control a plurality of fermenters, and it is necessary to provide a step of removing CO ₂ from the synthesis gas by increasing the CO ₂ concentration in the synthesis gas in the “pre-fermenter”. For this reason, there exists a problem that cost increases from a commercialization viewpoint. Furthermore, there is also a problem that the reaction of CO and H ₂ by anaerobic microorganisms is affected as the CO ₂ concentration in the synthesis gas increases.

Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-0777120 Japanese Patent No. 5666610 Special table 2015-504308 gazette

  The objective of this invention is providing the gas processing system and gas processing apparatus which can remove efficiently the impurity of the density | concentration exceeding assumption, or an unknown impurity.

  Such an object is achieved by the present inventions (1) to (18) below.

(1) a gas generation unit that generates a gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) by burning a carbon source;
An organic substance generating unit that generates an organic substance from the gas by the fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacteria;
A first gas purification unit that is provided between the gas generation unit and the organic substance generation unit and purifies the gas by bringing the gas into contact with bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components;
The gas processing system according to claim 1, wherein when the gas is purified in the first gas purification unit, a rate at which the amount of the carbon monoxide contained in the gas decreases is less than 10%.

  (2) The gas treatment system according to (1), wherein the bacterium is the same gas-assimilating bacterium as the gas-assimilating bacterium.

  (3) The above-described configuration in which the bacterium and / or the bacterium-derived component is supplied from the organic substance generation unit to the first gas purification unit as a liquid containing the gas-assimilating bacterium. The gas treatment system according to 2).

  (4) The gas according to (3), further including a destruction processing unit that is provided between the organic substance generation unit and the first gas purification unit and that performs a process of destroying the gas-assimilating bacteria. Processing system.

(5) Furthermore, it has a pre-culture part for pre-culturing the gas-assimilating bacteria,
The bacterium and / or the bacterium-derived component is configured to be supplied from the pre-culture unit to the first gas purification unit as a liquid containing the gas-assimilating bacterium. Gas treatment system.

  (6) The gas treatment according to (5), further including a destruction processing unit that is provided between the preliminary culture unit and the first gas purification unit and that performs a treatment for destroying the gas-assimilating bacteria. system.

  (7) The organic substance generation unit is configured to cultivate the gas-assimilating bacteria, and the first gas purification unit is also configured to cultivate the gas-assimilating bacteria. The gas according to any one of (2) to (6), wherein a culture condition of the gas-assimilating bacterium in the generation unit is different from a culture condition of the gas-assimilating bacterium in the first gas purification unit. Processing system.

  (8) Furthermore, it is provided between at least one of the gas generation unit and the first gas purification unit and between the first gas purification unit and the organic substance generation unit, and is derived from bacteria and / or bacteria. The gas processing system according to any one of (1) to (7), further including a second gas purification unit that purifies the gas without contacting the component.

(9) Furthermore, it has a gas analysis unit for analyzing at least one of the component of the gas supplied to the first gas purification unit and the component of the gas discharged from the first gas purification unit,
Based on the analysis result of the gas analysis unit, the gas discharged from the first gas purification unit is once again out of the gas generation unit, the first gas purification unit, and the second gas purification unit. The gas processing system according to (8), wherein the gas processing system is configured to supply to at least one of the above.

  (10) The above further includes a gas analysis unit that analyzes at least one of a component of the gas supplied to the first gas purification unit and a component of the gas discharged from the first gas purification unit ( The gas treatment system according to any one of 1) to (9).

  (11) Based on the analysis result of the gas analysis unit, the liquid that includes the bacteria and / or the bacteria-derived components discharged from the first gas purification unit is disposed (9) ) Or the gas processing system according to (10).

  (12) Further, the organic substance discharged from the organic substance generation unit and the liquid containing the gas-assimilating bacteria and the bacteria discharged from the first gas purification unit and / or components derived from the bacteria The gas processing system according to any one of (1) to (11), further including a solid-liquid separation unit that separates at least one of the liquids included.

  (13) The above (1) to (1) further including an organic material recovery unit that recovers the organic material by treating the liquid containing the organic material and the gas-assimilating bacteria discharged from the organic material generation unit. The gas processing system according to any one of (12).

  (14) The configuration according to (13), wherein the liquid containing the bacteria and / or the bacteria-derived components discharged from the first gas purification unit is supplied to the organic substance recovery unit. Gas processing system.

  (15) The gas processing system according to any one of (1) to (14), further including a bacteria analysis unit that analyzes a state of the bacteria and / or components derived from the bacteria of the first gas purification unit. .

  (16) Based on the analysis result of the bacteria analysis unit, the liquid containing the bacteria and / or the bacteria-derived component discharged from the first gas purification unit is discarded (15 ) Gas treatment system.

  (17) The gas treatment system according to any one of (1) to (16), wherein the organic substance includes ethanol.

(18) A gas processing device used by being connected to a gas generating device including a gas generating unit that generates a gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) by burning a carbon source,
An organic substance generating unit that generates an organic substance from the gas by the fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacteria;
A first gas purification unit that is provided between the gas generation unit and the organic substance generation unit and purifies the gas by bringing the gas into contact with bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components;
The gas processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the gas is purified in the first gas purification unit, a rate at which the amount of the carbon monoxide contained in the gas decreases is less than 10%.

  According to the present invention, since bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components are used for gas purification, known or unknown impurities that adversely affect gas-assimilating bacteria can be reliably and efficiently removed. In addition, damage to each part of the device due to such impurities can be reduced. For this reason, an organic substance can be manufactured with a higher yield.

It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 4th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 5th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 6th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 7th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 8th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows 9th Embodiment of the gas processing system of this invention.

Hereinafter, a gas processing system and a gas processing apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
<First Embodiment>
First. A first embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a gas processing system of the present invention.

  A gas processing system 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a gas generation device and a gas processing device (gas processing device of the present invention) connected to the gas generation device. In the present embodiment, the gas generator includes a gasification furnace 2. In addition, the gas processing apparatus includes a gas purification unit (second gas purification unit) 3, a broth contact gas purification unit (first gas purification unit) 4, an organic material generation unit 5, and an organic material recovery unit 6. It has.

  The gasification furnace (gas generating unit) 3 is a furnace for burning a carbon source. By performing a heat treatment for burning (incomplete combustion) the carbon source in the gasification furnace 3, a gas containing carbon monoxide as a main component (synthesis gas) is generated. That is, a gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide is generated by partially oxidizing the carbon source.

  The generated gas may contain other gas components such as hydrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen in addition to carbon monoxide. A gas having such a composition is easily generated by burning a carbon source as described above.

  Here, as the carbon source, waste that is determined to be unusable in the use of human consumables is used. Carbon sources include, for example, ferrous metal product production, non-ferrous product production, petroleum refining process, by-products obtained in industrial processes such as power generation, biomass gas, natural gas, shale gas, and related petroleum gas. A modified gas may be used.

  Examples of the waste include plastic waste, garbage, municipal waste (MSW), waste tires, biomass waste, household waste such as futon and paper, and building materials, etc. Species can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Such waste tends to vary in its contents, and therefore the concentration of unnecessary components (impurities) in the generated gas varies greatly.

  Moreover, although combustion of the waste in the gasification furnace 3 may be performed while supplying air, it is preferably performed while supplying a gas having a higher oxygen concentration than that of air (high oxygen concentration gas). By using the high oxygen concentration gas, it is not necessary to extraly heat a large amount of nitrogen contained in the air, and the combustion efficiency of the waste is increased.

  A gas discharge port of the gasification furnace 2 is connected to a gas supply port of a gas purification unit (second gas purification unit) 3 through a gas line 101. The gas generated in the gasification furnace 3 is supplied to the gas purification unit 3 by a pump (not shown). This gas purification unit 3 is different from a broth contact gas purification unit (first gas purification unit) 4 described later, and is a broth non-contact gas purification unit that purifies gas without contacting bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components. It is.

Such a gas refining unit 3 includes, for example, a fine particle (soot) separator such as a scrubber (water-soluble impurity separator), a gas chiller (water separator), a cyclone, a bag filter using water, an acidic solution or an alkaline solution. , Desulfurizer (sulfide separator), low temperature separation (deep cooling) separator, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separator, membrane separation separator, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) separator In addition, one or two or more of separators using activated carbon, separators using a copper catalyst or a palladium catalyst can be used.

  The gas exhaust port of the gas purification unit 3 is connected to the gas supply port of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 via the gas line 102, and the gas exhaust port of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is further connected via the gas line 103. And connected to the gas supply port of the organic substance generation unit 5. The gas discharged from the gas purification unit 3 is supplied to the organic substance generation unit 5 after passing through the broth contact gas purification unit 4 by a pump (not shown).

  In this embodiment, each of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 and the organic substance generation unit 5 stores a culture solution containing gas-assimilating bacteria and can culture a gas-assimilating bacterium (not shown). ).

  Moreover, the liquid discharge port of the organic substance production | generation part 5 (gas culture device) is connected to the liquid supply port of the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 (gas culture device). Thereby, a part of broth (culture solution) discharged | emitted from the organic substance production | generation part 5 is comprised so that the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 may be supplied with the pump which is not shown in figure. The broth contains not only living gas-utilizing bacteria, but also cell wall or cell membrane fragments, proteins, DNA, RNA or fragments thereof produced or released by the death of gas-utilizing bacteria. Components derived from such gas-utilizing bacteria are also included.

  A gas fermenter is an apparatus that generates an organic substance (valuable material) from gas by the fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacteria. Specifically, first, a culture solution and gas-assimilating bacteria are supplied and accommodated in a gas fermenter via a line (not shown). In this state, gas is supplied into the gas fermenter while stirring the culture solution. Thereby, gas-assimilating bacteria are cultured in a culture solution, and an organic substance is produced | generated from gas by the fermentation action. At this time, in the gas incubator of the broth contact gas refining unit 4, impurities in the gas are also removed by contacting the gas with gas-assimilating bacteria or components derived from gas-assimilating bacteria.

  The culture solution is a liquid containing main component water and nutrients (for example, vitamins, phosphoric acid, etc.) dissolved or dispersed in the water. The composition of such a culture solution is prepared so that gas-assimilating bacteria can grow well.

  Examples of the organic substance include ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, acetic acid, lactic acid, isoprene and the like, and an organic substance containing ethanol is preferable. Ethanol with high concentration (99.5 vol% or more) can be used as fuel ethanol, and can be used as an additive for raw materials such as cosmetics, beverages, chemical substances, fuel (jet fuel), foods, etc. The versatility is extremely high.

Gas-utilizing bacteria include both eubacteria and archaea.
Examples of true bacteria include Clostridium bacteria, Moorella bacteria, Acetobacterium bacteria, Carboxydocella bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas bacteria, Eubacterium (Eubacterium) genus bacteria, Butyribacterium genus bacteria, Oligotropha genus bacteria, Bradyrhizobium genus bacteria, aerobic hydrogen oxidation bacteria Ralsotonia genus bacteria and the like.

On the other hand, examples of archaea include Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanocalculus, Methanococcus, Methanosarcina, Methanosphaera, Methanothermobacter, Methanothrix, Methanoculleus, Metha
Examples include nofollis genus bacteria, Methanogenium genus bacteria, Methanospirillium genus bacteria, Methanosaeta genus bacteria, Thermococcus genus bacteria, Thermofilum genus bacteria, Arcaheoglobus genus bacteria, and the like.
Among these, as archaea, Methanosarcina genus bacteria, Methanococcus genus bacteria, Methanothermobacter genus bacteria, Methanothrix genus bacteria, Thermococcus genus bacteria, Thermofilum genus bacteria, Archaeoglobus genus bacteria are preferable.

Furthermore, from the viewpoint of excellent utilization of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the archaebacteria are preferably Methanosarcina, Methanothermobactor, or Methanococcus, and particularly preferably Methanosarcina or Methanococcus.
Specific examples of bacteria belonging to the genus Methanosarcina include Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina acetivorans, and the like.

Among the gas-assimilating bacteria as described above, a bacterium having a high ability to produce a target organic substance is selected and used.
For example, gas-assimilating bacteria with high ethanol-producing ability include Clostridium autoethanogenum, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium carboxidivorans , Moorella thermoacetica, Acetobacterium woodii and the like.

  The gas fermenter includes, for example, a fermenter that agitates the culture solution with a stirring plate, a fermenter that agitates the culture solution by circulating the culture solution itself, and a bubble flow generated by aeration of supplied gas. A fermenter or the like of the type in which the culture solution is stirred by the accompanying water flow can be used.

  Here, when the gas used for producing the organic substance contains impurities that adversely affect the gas assimilating bacteria, the organic substance producing unit 5 kills or attenuates the gas assimilating bacteria, The production amount may be extremely reduced or the culture must be stopped.

  This is due to the fact that impurities are adsorbed on the cell walls and cell membranes of gas-assimilating bacteria and prevent nutrients necessary for the growth of gas-assimilating bacteria from being taken into the cells, and proteins present in the cytoplasm ( Enzymes), DNA, RNA, coenzyme, etc., and binding to components such as inhibiting the growth of gas-utilizing bacteria or inhibiting the production (synthesis) of organic substances.

  On the other hand, by providing a gas incubator (broth contact gas purification unit 4) for cultivating the gas assimilating bacteria in the preceding stage of the organic substance generating unit 5, impurities that have an adverse effect on the gas assimilating bacteria in advance. Can be contacted. Since these impurities are removed from the gas by adsorbing or binding to the gas-assimilating bacteria as described above, the concentration thereof is greatly reduced.

  For this reason, in the organic substance production | generation part 5, an impurity does not have a bad influence on gas utilization bacteria, or the grade of a bad influence reduces. As a result, it is possible to prevent the gas-utilizing bacteria from being killed or attenuated and prolong their lives. Therefore, the production amount of the organic substance by the gas assimilating bacteria can be increased and the production amount can be maintained over a long period of time.

  Further, conventionally, the gas assimilating bacteria after being used for the production of the organic substance in the organic substance producing unit 5, that is, the gas assimilating bacteria having a reduced ability (activity) of producing the organic substance have been discarded. As in this embodiment, reusing (effectively using) the broth contact gas purification unit 4 also has an effect of reducing the manufacturing cost of the organic substance.

The broth contact gas purification unit 4 is mainly intended to remove impurities by bringing gas-assimilating bacteria having reduced activity into contact with gas. Even if the gas-assimilating bacterium is killed, such an object can be sufficiently achieved by its constituent components (components derived from the gas-assimilating bacterium). For this reason, the culture conditions in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 are such that normal gas cultivating bacteria are cultured so that the ability to remove impurities is maximized in preference to the healthy growth of gas assimilable bacteria. It can be set differently from the conditions. That is, it is preferable to set the culture conditions of the gas-assimilating bacteria in the organic substance generation unit 5 and the culture conditions of the gas-utilizing bacteria in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 to be different.

Specifically, I: set the pressure in the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 higher than the pressure in the gas fermenter of the organic substance generation unit 5, II: gas fermentation of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 The circulation rate of the culture solution in the vessel is set higher than the circulation rate of the culture solution in the gas fermenter of the organic substance production unit 5, III: the bubble diameter of the gas supplied into the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 Making the bubble diameter of the gas supplied into the gas fermenter of the organic substance generating unit 5 smaller than the bubble diameter of the gas IV, the temperature in the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas refining unit 4 It can be set lower or higher, V: the gas residence time in the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 can be made longer than the gas residence time in the gas fermenter of the organic substance purification unit 5, etc. .
Thereby, in the broth contact gas purification part 4, the removal capability of the impurities by the gas assimilating bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components is exhibited to the maximum, and the impurities in the gas can be more efficiently removed.

Moreover, in this invention, when refine | purifying gas in the broth gas contact part 4, the ratio which the quantity of carbon monoxide (CO) contained in gas falls is less than 10% (preferably about 1 to 6%). Set. Thereby, it can prevent that the quantity of the carbon monoxide used as the raw material of an organic substance falls, and can produce | generate an organic substance more efficiently in the organic substance production | generation part 5 mentioned later.
The rate at which the amount of carbon monoxide decreases can be adjusted by appropriately changing the conditions I to V.

The temperature of the culture solution (culture temperature) in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is preferably about 0 to 60 ° C., more preferably from the viewpoint of preventing the gas-assimilating bacteria from consuming carbon monoxide (CO). The temperature can be about 0 to 35 ° C, more preferably about 5 to 25 ° C, and particularly preferably about 5 to 15 ° C.
The pressure in the gas fermenter 6 in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is preferably about 0 to 1000 kPa (gauge pressure), more preferably about 400 to 700 kPa (gauge pressure).

The circulation rate of the culture solution in the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is preferably about 0.1 to 10 m / s, more preferably about 0.1 to 1 m / s.
Furthermore, the bubble diameter of the gas supplied into the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 can be about 10 to 2000 μm, more preferably about 10 to 200 μm. In order to reduce the gas bubble diameter, a surfactant may be added to the culture solution. In the case where the killing of the gas-utilizing bacteria in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is allowed, there is an advantage that the gas-utilizing bacteria can be destroyed by the surfactant.
The height of the gas fermenter of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is preferably 5 m or more, and more preferably about 10 to 30 m.

  On the other hand, the temperature of the culture solution (culture temperature) in the organic substance generation unit 5 is preferably about 30 to 45 ° C, more preferably about 33 to 42 ° C, and further preferably about 36.5 to 37.5 ° C. Can do. The culture time can be preferably about 24 hours to 300 days in continuous culture, more preferably about 5 days to 300 days in continuous culture.

  Although the atmospheric pressure may be sufficient as the pressure in the gas fermenter 6 in the organic substance production | generation part 5, Preferably it is about 10-300 kPa (gauge pressure), More preferably, you may be about 20-200 kPa (gauge pressure). it can. By setting the pressure in the gas fermenter 6 within the above range, it is possible to further increase the reactivity of the gas-assimilating bacteria while suppressing an increase in equipment cost due to excessive pressure load.

Moreover, the circulation speed of the culture solution in the gas fermenter of the organic substance production | generation part 5 becomes like this. Preferably it is about 0.1-10 m / s, More preferably, it can be about 0.1-1 m / s.
Furthermore, the bubble diameter of the gas supplied into the gas fermenter of the organic substance generation unit 5 can be about 1 to 5000 μm, more preferably about 10 to 200 μm.

  In addition, the gas purification part 3 should just be provided as needed, and may be abbreviate | omitted. That is, the gas discharge port of the gasification furnace 2 may be directly connected to the gas supply port of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 via the gas line 101. Moreover, you may make it provide a flow meter, a dehydration installation, etc. before and behind the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 as needed.

  Moreover, the number of gas fermenters installed in the organic substance generation unit 5 is not limited to one, and may be two or more (multistage (series) or parallel). In the organic substance production | generation part 5, by connecting two or more gas fermenters in multistage (series), the gas component which remain | survives by the gas fermenter of a front | former stage (upstream side) is further, and gas fermentation of a back | latter stage (downstream side) Can be used to produce organic substances in the vessel. In this case, the organic substance produced | generated with a front-stage gas fermenter and the organic substance produced | generated with a latter-stage gas fermenter may be the same or different.

  When two or more gas fermenters are connected in series, I: a design in which the culture fluid flow is in series and the gas flow in parallel; II: a culture fluid flow in parallel and a gas flow in parallel And III: a design in which both the culture fluid flow and the gas flow are in series. In the case of design III, the culture fluid flow and the gas flow may be in opposite directions (opposite flow), or the culture fluid flow and the gas flow may be in the same direction (parallel flow).

  The liquid discharge port of the organic material generation unit 5 is connected to the liquid supply port of the organic material recovery unit 6 via the liquid line 202. In the organic material generation unit 5, an organic material is generated from the gas in the culture solution, and broth (culture solution) containing the organic material is supplied to the organic material recovery unit 6 by a pump (not shown).

  The organic material recovery unit 6 includes, for example, a distiller, a processing device including a pervaporation membrane, a processing device including a zeolite dehydration membrane, a processing device for removing a low boiling point material having a lower boiling point than the organic material, and a higher boiling point than the organic material. Examples thereof include a processor that removes high-boiling substances and a processor that includes an ion exchange membrane. Among these, it is preferable that the organic substance recovery unit 6 is composed of a distiller. According to the distiller, the desired organic substance can be recovered with high purity.

  The temperature in the still during distillation of the organic substance (particularly ethanol) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably about 70 to 95 ° C. By setting the temperature in the distiller within the above range, it is possible to more reliably perform separation between the necessary organic substance and other components, that is, distillation (recovery) of the organic substance.

  The pressure in the still during distillation of the organic substance may be normal pressure, but is preferably less than atmospheric pressure, and more preferably about 60 to 95 kPa (gauge pressure). By setting the pressure in the distiller within the above range, it is possible to improve the separation efficiency of the organic substance, and thus improve the yield of the organic substance.

  Here, when the organic substance is distilled, a gas containing oxygen or air dissolved in the broth is generated. By supplying such gas to the gasification furnace 2 as exhaust gas, the exhaust gas generated by the distiller can be used effectively for combustion of waste.

  The liquid discharge port of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is also connected to the liquid supply port of the organic substance recovery unit 6 via the liquid line 203. In the present embodiment, gas-assimilating bacteria are also cultured in the broth contact gas purification unit 4. For this reason, the organic substance is produced | generated also in the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 by the fermentation effect | action of this gas utilization bacterium. Accordingly, by configuring the broth (culture solution) from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 to be supplied to the organic material recovery unit 6, the yield of the organic material can be further increased.

Second Embodiment
Next, a second embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system according to the second embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 of the second embodiment is the same as the gas processing system 1 of the first embodiment except that the arrangement order of the gas purification unit 3 and the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is different.

  According to this configuration, the gas is purified in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 before the gas is supplied to the gas purification unit 3. Impurities in the gas may adversely affect not only the gas-utilizing bacteria but also the gas purification unit 3. If the gas is purified before being supplied to the gas purification unit 3, the gas purification unit using impurities 3 load can be reduced. Thereby, the capability reduction (breakage) of the gas purification part 3, shortening of a use period, the increase in maintenance cost, etc. can be prevented suitably. Moreover, the man-hour at the time of processing gas can also be reduced. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the cost required for generating the organic substance.

  In such a second embodiment, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, since the gas is purified by using both the gas purification unit 3 and the broth contact gas purification unit 4, the concentration of impurities in the gas can be reduced as in the first embodiment, and the organic substance generation unit 5 can produce an organic substance with high efficiency.

  Furthermore, in addition to the gas purification unit 3 provided between the broth contact gas purification unit 4 and the organic substance generation unit 5, the gas treatment system 1 of the present embodiment includes a gasification furnace 2, a broth contact gas purification unit 4, A gas purification unit 3 provided between the two may be provided.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a third embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system according to the third embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first and second embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as that according to the first embodiment except that a destruction processing unit 7 that performs processing for destroying the gas-assimilating bacteria is provided in the middle of the liquid line 201. Similar to system 1.

According to this configuration, the gas-utilizing bacteria contained in the broth discharged from the organic substance generation unit 5 are destroyed, so that the cell wall or cell membrane fragment, protein, DNA, RNA
Or these fragments are produced in the broth. That is, in this embodiment, in the broth contact gas purification unit 4, there are more components derived from gas-assimilating bacteria than living gas-assimilating bacteria.

  For example, when the impurities in the gas are a compound of a type that binds to DNA (intercalation) or a compound that binds to the active center of an enzyme (protein), the impurities are gas assimilability in a living state. Bacteria can bind to DNA and enzymes only after passing through cell walls and cell membranes. However, if DNA or an enzyme is present in the broth as it is, impurities that have come into contact with the broth can directly bind to the DNA or the enzyme. For this reason, the removal efficiency from the gas of an impurity can be improved more.

Examples of the gas-assimilating bacteria destruction treatment include ultrasonic irradiation of the gas-assimilating bacteria, addition of a surfactant, acid or alkali to the broth, and heating of the broth. Species can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
In the third embodiment, the same operations and effects as those in the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

  In the broth contact gas purification unit 4 of the present embodiment, most gas assimilating bacteria are not alive. For this reason, the broth contact gas purification unit 4 does not necessarily have to be configured with a gas incubator as long as the components derived from gas-assimilating bacteria can be maintained so as not to be inactivated. May be.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, a fourth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system according to the fourth embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first to third embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 of the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the solid-liquid separation unit 8a and the solid-liquid separation unit 8b are provided in the middle of the liquid line 202 and the liquid line 203, respectively. The same as the gas processing system 1.

  The solid-liquid separation unit 8a and the solid-liquid separation unit 8b are respectively a ceramic membrane filter, a filter such as a multi-plate wave filter, a screw press machine, a roller press machine, a belt screen machine, a vibration sieve machine, a vacuum dehydrator, A pressure dehydrator (filter press machine), a belt press machine, a screw press machine, a centrifugal concentration dehydrator (screw decanter machine), a multi-disc dehydrator, and the like can be used.

  By providing the solid-liquid separation part 8a and the solid-liquid separation part 8b, solid components (including gas-utilizing bacteria) are removed from the broth supplied to the organic substance recovery part 6, and the organic substance recovery part 6 is liquidated. Only sex components can be supplied. For this reason, in the organic substance recovery part 6, the separation liquid after recovering the organic substance contains water as a main component.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid discharge port of the organic material recovery unit 8 is connected to the liquid supply port of the organic material generation unit 5 via the liquid line 204. Thereby, the separation liquid mainly composed of water separated in the organic substance recovery unit 6 is returned to the organic substance generation unit 5 by a pump (not shown). According to this configuration, water can be reused.

Also in the fourth embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first to third embodiments can be obtained.
The separated liquid separated in the organic substance recovery unit 6 may be configured to be returned to the broth contact gas purification unit 4, and returned to both the broth contact gas purification unit 4 and the organic substance generation unit 5. It may be.
Moreover, you may abbreviate | omit any one of the solid-liquid separation part 8a and the solid-liquid separation part 8b.

<Fifth Embodiment>
Next, a fifth embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system of the fifth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first to fourth embodiments, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 of the fifth embodiment is the same as the gas processing system 1 of the first embodiment, except that the gas processing system 1 of the fifth embodiment further includes a gas analysis unit 9 that analyzes the components of the gas passing through the gas line 102 and the gas line 103. It is.

The branch gas line 1021 branched from the middle of the gas line 102 is connected to the gas supply port of the gas analysis unit 9, and the branch gas line 1031 branched from the middle of the gas line 103 is also connected to the gas supply port of the gas analysis unit 7. Has been. Thereby, a part of the gas supplied to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is supplied to the gas analysis unit 7 by a pump (not shown), and its components are analyzed. A part of the gas discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is also supplied to the gas analysis unit 9 by a pump (not shown), and its components are analyzed.
In the present embodiment, a branch (waste liquid) branch liquid line 2031 is branched from the middle of the liquid line 203.

  According to such a configuration, according to the analysis of the component of the gas supplied to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 by the gas analysis unit 9, I: known impurity, but when its concentration is extremely high, II: unknown impurity If detected, it can be determined that the broth that has come into contact with the gas has an adverse effect on the organic substance recovery unit 6 based on the analysis result. For this reason, the broth (culture solution) discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 can be discarded through the branch liquid line 2031.

  If the gas analysis unit 9 analyzes the gas components before and after the broth contact gas purification unit 4, the amount of impurities accumulated in the broth of the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is estimated based on the analysis result. can do. For this reason, even when a predetermined amount of impurities is accumulated in the broth of the broth contact gas purification unit 4, it is determined that the organic substance recovery unit 6 is adversely affected. ) May be discarded via the branch liquid line 2031.

The gas analyzer 9 is, for example, a gas chromatography device, a mass spectrometer, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, a secondary ion mass spectrometer, an atomic absorption spectrometer, a Raman spectrometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, or the like. Can be configured.
In the fifth embodiment as well, the same operations and effects as in the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained.

<Sixth Embodiment>
Next, a sixth embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system of the sixth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first to fifth embodiments, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 of the sixth embodiment further includes a circulation gas line 1032 that branches from the gas line 103 on the downstream side of the branch gas line 1031 and is connected (joined) to the gas line 102 on the downstream side of the branch gas line 1021. Except having, it is the same as that of the gas processing system 1 of the said 5th Embodiment.

  According to this configuration, the gas component discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is analyzed by the gas analysis unit 9, and based on the analysis result, the concentration of impurities is the gas-assimilating bacterium of the organic substance generation unit 5. If it is determined that the amount of the gas is adversely affected, the gas can be supplied (returned) again to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 via the circulation gas line 1032. Thereby, the gas can be sufficiently purified until the concentration of impurities in the gas becomes lower than a predetermined value.

A valve (not shown) is provided at or near the branch portion between the gas line 103 and the circulating gas line 1032, and the amount of gas returned to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 and supplied to the organic substance generation unit 5. The amount can be adjusted.
Also in the sixth embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first to fifth embodiments can be obtained.

  Further, the gas discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 may be configured to be returned to the gasification furnace 2 or the gas purification unit 3 instead of being returned to the broth contact gas purification unit 4. 2. It may be returned to two or three of the gas purification unit 3 and the broth contact gas purification unit 4. For which part the gas discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is to be returned is selected according to the concentration and type of impurities in the gas discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4, for example. Good.

<Seventh embodiment>
Next, a seventh embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a seventh embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system according to the seventh embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first to sixth embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The gas treatment system 1 of the seventh embodiment is further provided in the middle of the liquid line 203 (a branch portion between the liquid line 203 and the branch liquid line 2031) and discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 (culture solution). The gas processing system 1 of the first embodiment is the same as the gas processing system 1 of the first embodiment, except that the gas analysis bacteria 10 and / or the components of the components derived from the gas utilization bacteria are analyzed.

  Here, as an item for evaluating the state of the gas-assimilating bacterium and / or the component derived from the gas-assimilating bacterium, for example, life and death of the gas-assimilating bacterium, RNA expression level (particularly, mRNA expression level) DNA mutation, protein expression level, protein activity and the like, and one of these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  According to this configuration, when the number of viable bacteria of gas-assimilating bacteria is small and the RNA expression level and the protein expression level are low as a result of analysis by the bacteria analysis unit 10, the organic substance generation unit 5 is based on the analysis results. Therefore, it can be determined that the supply amount of broth to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is insufficient. For this reason, the supply amount of the broth from the organic substance production | generation part 5 to the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 can be increased by controlling the pump provided in the liquid line 201. FIG.

Further, when the number of viable bacteria of the gas assimilating bacteria is extremely reduced by the analysis of the bacteria analyzing unit 10, based on the result of the analysis, impurities that adversely affect the state (growth) of the gas assimilating bacteria Can be determined to be present in the gas. Since such impurities are considered to have a great adverse effect on the organic substance recovery unit 6, depending on the degree, the broth discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is not supplied to the organic substance recovery unit 6, and the branched liquid line It can be discarded via 2031.

Also in the seventh embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first to sixth embodiments can be obtained.
In addition, the circulation gas line 1032 similar to the said 6th Embodiment is provided, and the state change of the component derived from the gas utilization bacteria in the broth discharged | emitted from the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 and / or a gas utilization bacteria is carried out. You may comprise so that the gas discharged | emitted from the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 may be again supplied to the broth contact gas refinement | purification part 4 via the circulation gas line 1032 until it stabilizes or improves. Thereby, the bad influence to the gas utilization bacteria in the organic substance production | generation part 5 can be reduced more.

<Eighth Embodiment>
Next, an eighth embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an eighth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system of the eighth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the first to seventh embodiments, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.
The gas treatment system 1 of the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, except that it has both the gas analysis unit 9 similar to the fifth embodiment and the bacteria analysis unit 10 similar to the seventh embodiment. The same as the gas processing system 1.

  According to such a configuration, when I: a known impurity exceeding a predetermined concentration is detected in the gas analyzing unit 9, II: when an unknown impurity is detected regardless of the concentration in the gas analyzing unit 9, III : The gas analysis unit 9 detects a known impurity at a predetermined concentration or less (including non-detection) and the unknown impurity is not detected, but the bacteria analysis unit 10 detects an abnormality in the gas-assimilating bacteria. In such a case, considering the adverse effect on the organic substance recovery unit 6, depending on the degree, the broth discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is not supplied to the organic substance recovery unit 6, and the branched liquid is supplied. It can be discarded via line 2031.

Also in the eighth embodiment, the same operation and effect as in the first to seventh embodiments can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the same circulating gas line 1032 as that in the sixth embodiment is provided, and the gas-utilizing bacteria and / or gas-assimilating bacteria in the broth discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 are derived. The gas discharged from the broth contact gas purification unit 4 may be supplied again to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 through the circulation gas line 1032 until the change in the state of the component is stabilized or improved. Thereby, the bad influence to the gas utilization bacteria in the organic substance production | generation part 5 can be reduced more.

<Ninth Embodiment>
Next, a ninth embodiment of the gas treatment system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a ninth embodiment of the gas processing system of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the gas processing system according to the ninth embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first to eighth embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
The gas processing system 1 of the ninth embodiment is the same as the gas processing system 1 of the first embodiment, except that it has a pre-culture unit 11 for pre-culturing gas-assimilating bacteria instead of the liquid line 201. is there.

  A liquid line 205 is connected to the liquid outlet of the pre-culture unit 11. The liquid line 205 is branched into a branched liquid line 2051 and a branched liquid line 2052, the branched liquid line 2051 is connected to the liquid supply port of the broth contact gas purification unit 4, and the branched liquid line 2052 is connected to the organic substance generating unit 5. Connected to the liquid supply port.

  Note that a valve (not shown) is provided at or near the branch portion between the branch liquid line 2051 and the branch liquid line 2052, and broth (culture solution) discharged from the pre-culture unit 11 is supplied to the broth contact gas purification unit 4. It is possible to switch to which of the organic substance generator 5 and the organic substance generator 5 is supplied.

  The pre-culture unit 11 can be composed of the same incubator as mentioned in the first embodiment. Since the pre-culture unit 11 is a part for culturing seeds of gas-assimilating bacteria, the size of the incubator constituting the pre-culture unit 11 is set smaller than the size of the incubator constituting the organic substance generating unit 5.

  Conventionally, gas-assimilating bacteria that have been cultured in the pre-culture unit 11 and have not been supplied to the organic substance generation unit 5 and have passed a predetermined time have been discarded, but as in this embodiment, broth contact By reusing (effectively using) the gas purification unit 4, it is possible to reduce the production cost of the organic substance.

  In this case, the gas-assimilating bacterium supplied to the broth contact gas purification unit 4 is sufficiently healthy although its activity is slightly reduced, and therefore has a high ability to remove impurities in the gas. In addition, it has a good ability to produce organic substances. Therefore, the organic substance recovery rate is also improved.

Also in the ninth embodiment, the same operations and effects as in the first to eighth embodiments can be obtained.
In addition, you may make it provide the destruction processing part 7 similar to the said 3rd Embodiment in the middle of the branch liquid line 2051. FIG. Thereby, the same operation and effect as the third embodiment can be obtained.

  In the gas processing system 1 as described above, the same gas-assimilating bacterium as the gas-assimilating bacterium used in the organic substance generation unit 5 is used as the bacterium in the broth contact gas purification unit 4. However, the bacteria used in the broth contact gas purification unit 4 may be different from the gas-assimilating bacteria used in the organic substance generation unit 5. However, it is preferably a bacterium that generates the same organic substance as the main component of the gas-assimilating bacterium used in the organic substance generating unit 5.

  This is because the bacteria that produce the same organic substance as the main component have a similar structure and express the same or very similar protein, DNA, etc., and adversely affect the gas-utilizing bacteria used in the organic substance producing unit 5 This is because impurities in the gas can be efficiently and sufficiently removed.

As mentioned above, although the gas processing system and gas processing apparatus of this invention were demonstrated, this invention is not limited to these. For example, the gas processing system and the gas processing apparatus of the present invention may have other arbitrary configurations, respectively, or may be replaced with an arbitrary configuration that exhibits the same function.
For example, the gas processing system and the gas processing apparatus may combine any two or more configurations of the first to ninth embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas treatment system 2 Gasification furnace 3 Gas purification part 4 Broth contact gas purification part 5 Organic substance production | generation part 6 Organic substance recovery part 7 Destruction process part 8a, 8b Solid-liquid separation part 9 Gas analysis part 10 Bacteria analysis part 11 Preliminary culture Part 101 Gas line 102 Gas line 1021 Branch gas line 103 Gas line 1031 Branch gas line 1032 Circulation gas line 201 Liquid line 202 Liquid line 203 Liquid line 2031 Branch liquid line 204 Liquid line 205 Liquid line 2051 Branch liquid line 2052 Branch liquid line

Claims (18)

A gas generating section for burning a carbon source to generate a gas containing carbon monoxide (CO);
An organic substance generating unit that generates an organic substance from the gas by the fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacteria;
A first gas purification unit that is provided between the gas generation unit and the organic substance generation unit and purifies the gas by bringing the gas into contact with bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components;
The gas processing system according to claim 1, wherein when the gas is purified in the first gas purification unit, a rate at which the amount of the carbon monoxide contained in the gas decreases is less than 10%.   The gas treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the bacterium is the same gas-assimilating bacterium as the gas-assimilating bacterium.   The said bacteria and / or the component derived from the said bacteria are comprised so that it may be supplied to the said 1st gas refinement | purification part from the said organic substance production | generation part as a liquid containing the said gas utilization bacteria. Gas treatment system.   Furthermore, the gas processing system of Claim 3 which has a destruction processing part which is provided between the said organic substance production | generation part and the said 1st gas purification part, and performs the process which destroys the said gas utilization bacteria. Furthermore, it has a pre-culture unit for pre-culturing the gas-assimilating bacteria,
The said bacteria and / or the component derived from the said bacteria are comprised so that it may be supplied to the said 1st gas refinement | purification part from the said preculture part as the liquid containing the said gas assimilation bacteria. Gas processing system.   Furthermore, the gas processing system of Claim 5 which has a destruction processing part which is provided between the said preliminary culture part and the said 1st gas purification part, and performs the process which destroys the said gas utilization bacteria.   The organic substance generation unit is configured to cultivate the gas-assimilating bacteria, and the first gas purification unit is also configured to cultivate the gas-assimilating bacteria, in the organic substance generation unit The gas treatment system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein culture conditions of the gas-assimilating bacteria and culture conditions of the gas-assimilating bacteria in the first gas purification unit are different.   Furthermore, provided between at least one of the gas generation unit and the first gas purification unit and between the first gas purification unit and the organic substance generation unit, The gas processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a second gas purification unit that purifies the gas without contacting the gas. And a gas analysis unit that analyzes at least one of the gas component supplied to the first gas purification unit and the gas component discharged from the first gas purification unit,
Based on the analysis result of the gas analysis unit, the gas discharged from the first gas purification unit is once again out of the gas generation unit, the first gas purification unit, and the second gas purification unit. The gas treatment system of claim 8, wherein the gas treatment system is configured to supply to at least one of the following.   Furthermore, it has a gas analysis part which analyzes at least one of the component of the said gas supplied to a said 1st gas purification part, and the component of the said gas discharged | emitted from the said 1st gas purification part. The gas treatment system according to any one of the above. The structure according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the liquid containing the bacteria and / or the components derived from the bacteria discharged from the first gas purification unit is discarded based on an analysis result of the gas analysis unit. The gas treatment system described.   Furthermore, the liquid containing the organic substance and the gas-assimilating bacteria discharged from the organic substance generation unit and the liquid containing the bacteria and / or the component derived from the bacteria discharged from the first gas purification unit The gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a solid-liquid separation unit that separates at least one of them into solid and liquid.   Furthermore, it has an organic substance collection | recovery part which collect | recovers the said organic substance by processing the liquid containing the said organic substance discharged | emitted from the said organic substance production | generation part and the said gas utilization bacteria. The gas treatment system described in 1.   The gas processing system according to claim 13, wherein a liquid containing the bacteria and / or the bacteria-derived components discharged from the first gas purification unit is supplied to the organic substance recovery unit.   Furthermore, the gas processing system in any one of Claims 1-14 which has a bacteria analysis part which analyzes the state of the said bacteria of the said 1st gas purification part, and / or the component derived from the said bacteria.   The liquid according to claim 15, wherein the liquid containing the bacteria and / or the components derived from the bacteria discharged from the first gas purification unit is discarded based on an analysis result of the bacteria analysis unit. Gas processing system.   The gas processing system according to claim 1, wherein the organic substance includes ethanol. A gas processing device used by being connected to a gas generating device including a gas generating unit that generates a gas containing carbon monoxide (CO) by burning a carbon source,
An organic substance generating unit that generates an organic substance from the gas by the fermentation action of gas-assimilating bacteria;
A first gas purification unit that is provided between the gas generation unit and the organic substance generation unit and purifies the gas by bringing the gas into contact with bacteria and / or bacteria-derived components;
The gas processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the gas is purified in the first gas purification unit, a rate at which the amount of the carbon monoxide contained in the gas decreases is less than 10%.

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