JP2018527864A - Wireless power system and method suitable for charging wearable electronic devices - Google Patents

Abstract

A base unit, system and method for wireless energy transmission are disclosed. A wireless energy transmission system according to some embodiments includes a transmitter of wireless energy and a receiver that is spaced apart. Embodiments of transmitter and receiver coils are disclosed. An example of distance and orientation optimization is disclosed. An example of a wireless charging system is disclosed that is believed to include a helmet, a body wearing unit, and / or a lighting socket.

Description

  The embodiments described herein relate to a wireless power system and method suitable for charging a wearable electronic device.

  The number and type of commercially available electronic wearable devices continues to expand. Predictors predict that the market for electronic wearable devices will more than quadruple over the next decade. Several obstacles remain to achieve this growth. Two major obstacles are the appearance / beauty of existing electronic wearable devices and the limited battery life of those electronic wearable devices. Consumers generally want electronic wearable devices to be small and unobtrusive, and require fewer recharges. In general, consumers do not want to compromise on functionality to achieve the desired smaller form factor and extended battery life. The demand for small form factors and even longer battery life is a goal that is in direct conflict with each other, and conventional devices are struggling to address that goal. Therefore, further solutions in this field are considered desirable.

Overview Several embodiments of the system are described herein. One embodiment of the system may include a transmitter having a transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply, and / or a receiver that is a predetermined distance away from the transmitter. . In some embodiments, the transmitter can include a transmitter impedance. In some embodiments, the receiver can include a receiver coil configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter. In some embodiments, the receiver coil can include a magnetic metal core in the winding. In some embodiments, the receiver can include a receiver impedance. In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver are loosely coupled.

  In some embodiments, transmitter and receiver impedances can be optimally matched for a particular separation between the transmitter and receiver, and for all other separations, The impedance may not be optimized.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver impedances are optimally matched with respect to a particular relative orientation between the transmitter and receiver, and with respect to all other relative orientations. Is not optimized.

  In some embodiments, the system is a weak resonant system having a Q value less than 100.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be optimally matched for at least two specific separations between the transmitter and receiver, and for all other separations. Their impedance may not be optimized.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver impedances can be optimally matched with respect to at least two specific relative orientations between the transmitter and receiver, and all other relative For specific orientations, their impedance may not be optimized.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be optimally matched for a group of separations using automatic iterative impedance optimization.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance are optimally matched for different relative orientation groups between transmitter and receiver using automatic iterative impedance optimization. be able to.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter coil can include a transmitter magnetic metal core in the transmitter winding. In some embodiments, the magnetic metal core may be ferrite.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter, or receiver, or both the transmitter and receiver, can include a tuning capacitor.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter, or receiver, or both the transmitter and receiver can include a dielectric material.

  In some embodiments, the magnetic metal core of the transmitter coil and / or receiver coil is shaped to have a length that is longer than its width.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter magnetic metal core and / or the receiver magnetic metal core are shaped to have a length that is longer than their width.

  In some embodiments, the magnetic metal core of the transmitter and / or receiver is shaped to have a length that is longer than its diameter.

  In some embodiments, the magnetic metal core of the transmitter and / or receiver is shaped in the form of a rod.

  In some embodiments, transmitter coil and / or receiver coil windings may include litz wires.

  In some embodiments, the windings of the transmitter coil and / or the receiver coil may include copper wire.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume that is ten times greater than the volume of the receiver magnetic metal core.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume that is 100 times greater than the volume of the receiver magnetic metal core.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume greater than 1,000 times the volume of the receiver magnetic metal core.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter winding has a winding length that is 10 times greater than the winding length of the receiver winding.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter winding has a winding length that is 100 times greater than the winding length of the receiver winding.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter winding has a winding length that is 1,000 times greater than the winding length of the receiver winding.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter can include one antenna.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter can include multiple antennas.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 100 kHz to 200 kHz.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 125 kHz ± 3 kHz.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 125 kHz ± 5 kHz.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 6.75 MHz ± 5 MHz.

  In some embodiments, the system Q value is greater than 100.

  The features, aspects, and attendant advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of various embodiments, including the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1 shows a block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an electronic device attached to eyewear according to the present invention. 2 shows an embodiment of a receive coil for an electronic device and a transmit coil for a base unit according to the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a mobile base unit implemented in a mobile phone case form factor, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows an isometric view of a base unit implemented as a mobile phone case according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an exploded isometric view of a base unit implemented as a mobile phone case according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 shows a flowchart of a process according to some embodiments described herein. FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of a process according to another embodiment described herein. FIG. Figure 2 illustrates the general use of a base unit scenario that is built into or attached to a mobile phone. 2 shows a base unit according to some embodiments of the present invention. 2 shows a base unit according to some embodiments of the present invention. 2 shows a base unit according to some embodiments of the present invention. 2 shows a base unit according to some embodiments of the present invention. 2 shows a base unit according to some embodiments of the present invention. 1 shows a base unit implemented in the form of a case for a communication device, for example a tablet. 1 shows a base unit implemented in the form of a case for a communication device, for example a tablet. 1 shows a base unit implemented in the form of a case for a communication device, for example a tablet. Fig. 2 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case for a communication device. Fig. 2 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case for a communication device. Fig. 2 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case for a communication device. Fig. 2 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case for a communication device. Fig. 5 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case with a movable cover configured for coupling with a communication device. Fig. 5 shows a base unit implemented as a partial case with a movable cover configured for coupling with a communication device. FIG. 4 shows an exploded isometric view of a base unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The base unit in FIG. 13 is shown. The base unit in FIG. 13 is shown. The base unit in FIG. 13 is shown. The arrangement structure of the transmission coil of the base unit by the Example of this invention is shown. The arrangement structure of the transmission coil of the base unit by the Example of this invention is shown. The arrangement structure of the transmission coil of the base unit by the Example of this invention is shown. 4 shows an arrangement configuration of transmission coils of a base unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. 4 shows an arrangement configuration of transmission coils of a base unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. 4 shows an arrangement configuration of transmission coils of a base unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 shows a base unit in the form of a pack according to another embodiment described herein. 1 shows one embodiment of a transmitter and receiver configuration according to the present invention. 2 illustrates simulation results of a wireless power transfer system according to some embodiments of the present invention. 6 shows a simulation result of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment of the present invention. 2 shows a comparison of a wireless power transfer system according to some embodiments of the present invention and a Qi standard system. FIG. 5 shows field lines of an inductively coupled transmit and receive coil according to some embodiments described herein. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment described herein. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a band that can include a repeater and / or a wearable electronic device, according to embodiments described herein. Fig. 6 is a flow chart representing a method prepared by an embodiment described herein. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system prepared in accordance with an embodiment described herein. FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of four designs of transmitters prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein. 1 is a schematic view of a base unit system and a cross-sectional view of the base unit system according to embodiments described herein. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of various transmitter and receiver devices according to embodiments described herein. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the placement of transmitters in a jacket according to an embodiment described herein. FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a drive sequence that can be used to drive a transmitter designed as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 27, prepared in accordance with the embodiment described herein. 1 is a schematic diagram of a helmet-fed goggles system prepared in accordance with an embodiment described herein. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lighting socket incorporating wireless charging functionality according to embodiments described herein. FIG. It is the schematic of the wireless charging system which uses a body mounting unit as a base unit. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mounting member prepared in accordance with an embodiment described herein. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wirelessly powered implantable device prepared in accordance with embodiments described herein. FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging unit prepared in accordance with an embodiment described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Systems, methods and apparatus for wirelessly powering electronic devices are described. The systems and methods according to the embodiments herein can wirelessly supply power with a longer separation between the transmitting coil and receiving coil as compared to commercially available systems. Additional advantages can improve thermal stability and orientation flexibility, as further described below.

  In accordance with some embodiments described herein, a wireless power transfer system is described, and more particularly a weak resonant system having a broader resonance amplification with moderate frequency dependence. . In accordance with some embodiments described herein, the relative size of the inductive coils and the dependence of the orientation between the coils are commonly used in commercially available systems that are strongly resonantly coupled with a Q value greater than 100. This can be reduced compared to the dependence on the size and orientation of the coil that is commonly seen. In some embodiments according to the present invention, the wireless power transfer system can be operated with a Q value less than 100. Unlike commercially available systems that typically use air-core coils, according to some embodiments described herein, the shape of the magnetic field between the coils is used using a high permeability medium such as ferrite. And can be expanded. According to some embodiments, induced or partially induced magnetic flux can be used to improve system performance in a given orientation. Any suitable frequency, for example a frequency that is safe for the human body, is used for power broadcasting. The broadcast frequency can be adjusted to reduce losses that may result from the shielding effect.

  FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for wirelessly powering one or more electronic devices according to some embodiments of the present invention. The system 10 includes a base unit 100 and one or more electronic devices 200. The base unit 100 is configured to wirelessly power one or more of the electronic devices 200 that can be spaced a predetermined distance from the base unit. The base unit 100 is configured to wirelessly power the electronic device 200 while the electronic device remains within the threshold distance (eg, charging range or charging zone 106) of the base unit 100. The base unit 100 can be any number of electronic devices (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, although in some embodiments, more than 10 devices can be charged) can be configured to selectively transmit power wirelessly. In general, despite being able to charge the electronic device 200 while being at a distance from the base unit 100 (eg, coupled to the base unit for charging), the base unit 100 It is envisioned that the electronic device 200 can be operated to wirelessly supply power to the electronic device 200 when it is in proximity to or in contact with the base unit 100, and it is contemplated by the present invention. Within range.

  The base unit 100 includes a transmitter 110, a battery 120, and a controller 130. The transmitter 110 includes at least one transmission coil 112 (also referred to as a Tx coil as a synonym). The transmit coil 112 can include a magnetic core with a conductor winding. The winding can include a copper wire (also referred to as a copper winding). In some embodiments, the copper wire may be a monolithic copper wire (eg, a single strand wire). In some embodiments, the copper wire may be a multi-strand copper wire (eg, a litz wire), which in some embodiments reduces resistivity due to skin effects. Thus, the resistance loss can be further reduced, so that higher power transmission can be realized. In some embodiments, the magnetic core may be a ferrite core (also referred to synonymously as a ferrite rod). The ferrite core can include a medium permeability ferrite core, such as 78 Material sold by Fair-Rite. In some embodiments, the ferrite core may include a high permeability material, such as Vitroperm 500F sold by Vacuumschmelze, Germany. Ferrite cores containing other ferrite materials can also be used. In some embodiments, the ferrite can have a medium permeability of about 2,300 micro i (μ). In some embodiments, the ferrite can have a permeability of micro i (μ) ranging from about 200 to about 5,000. In some embodiments, different magnetic materials can be used for the magnetic core. In general, the transmit coil described herein has a magnetic core that, in some embodiments, can shape the field provided by the transmit coil because the field lines advantageously extend through the core. In this way, a partially induced magnetic flux can be used, in which case a part of the magnetic flux is induced by the magnetic core.

  The transmission coil 112 is configured to be inductively coupled to the reception coil 210 in the electronic device 200. In this way, power can be transmitted from the transmit coil 112 to the receive coil 210 (eg, via inductive coupling). In some embodiments, transmitter 110 can additionally be configured as a receiver, and thus can be synonymously referred to as a transmitter / receiver. For example, the transmitter / receiver transmit coil can additionally be configured as a receive coil. In some embodiments, the transmitter / receiver can additionally include a receive coil. In yet another embodiment, the base unit can include a separate receiver 140 that includes a receive coil. The base unit transmitter / receiver or a separate receiver may be configured to wirelessly receive power (102) and / or data (104), as further described below.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter 110 can include a single transmit coil 112. In order to provide an optimal charging zone 106, the transmit coil 112 can be placed in an optimal position and / or in an optimal orientation. In some embodiments, the transmit coil can be placed at a location within the selected base unit to provide multiple charging opportunities during general use of the device. For example, the transmitter coil 112 is placed near one surface of the base unit that most frequently approaches the electronic device (for example, the top surface of the base unit implemented as a mobile phone case as shown in the embodiment in FIG. 6). can do.

  In some embodiments, transmitter 110 includes a plurality of transmit coils 112. The transmission coil 112 can be arranged in almost any pattern. For example, the base unit can include a set of coils that are angled with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the coils can be placed at an angle of less than 90 °, for example in the range between 15 ° and 75 °. In some embodiments, the coils can be arranged at an angle of 45 ° relative to each other. Other combinations and arrangements can also be used, some examples of which are further described below.

  In some embodiments, the transmit coil can be arranged to provide a substantially omnidirectional charging zone 106 (also referred to as a charging spherical area or hot spot). The charging zone 106 of the base unit can be defined by a three-dimensional space around the base unit, which is from the base unit in all three directions (eg, x, y and z directions). It extends to the threshold distance. The three-dimensional (3D) space corresponding to the charging range of the base unit can be referred to as a spherical range in this specification, but the shape of the three-dimensional (3D) space corresponding to the charging range is nevertheless strict. It is understood that there is no need to be spherical. In some embodiments, the charged spherical area may be an ellipse or another shape.

  The efficiency of wireless power transfer within the charging zone 106 is considered variable, for example depending on the particular combination of transmitter and receiver coils and / or within a particular arrangement or base unit of coils and (1 It is considered variable depending on the relative arrangement of the coils in the electronic device (s). One or more transmitter coils 112 are arranged in the casing of the base unit so that the omnidirectionality of the charging zone 106 is improved and / or the efficiency of power transfer in the zone 106 is improved. can do. In some embodiments, one or more transmitter coils 112 can be placed in the casing to increase the opportunity for charging during general use of the base unit. For example, one or more surfaces of the base unit that are most often approached to an electronic device (for example, a mobile phone case base unit that can be frequently moved in the vicinity of a wearable electronic device such as an eyewear camera or a digital watch) The transmission coil (s) may extend at least partially along the top or side. In some embodiments, the base unit can be placed on a surface (eg, a table or desk) during general use, and the electronic device can be placed around the base unit. In some embodiments, the transmission coil (s) can be placed around the base unit casing.

  In some embodiments, the base unit is attached to the mobile phone via an attachment mechanism, for example, via an adhesive attachment, elastic attachment, spring clamp, suction cup (s), mechanical pressure, etc. Can do. In some embodiments, the base unit can be surrounded by or embedded in a housing (also referred to as a casing) that can have a generally flat shape (eg, a rectangular plate). be able to. An attachment mechanism can be connected to the casing, whereby the base unit can be removably attached to a mobile phone, table or other communication device. In one embodiment, the attachment mechanism may be a biasing member, such as a clip, configured to bias the mobile phone against the base unit in the form of a rectangular plate, but by way of example only. . For example, a clip can be provided near the surface of the base unit, and the base unit can be attached to a mobile phone via a clip (clip-attached) in the same way as a paper or notebook / memo pad is attached to a clipboard. Can do. In some embodiments, the base unit can be adhesively or elastically attached to the communication device and / or to the case of the communication device.

  In another embodiment, the base unit can be spaced from the communication device. In yet another embodiment, the base unit can be incorporated (eg, integrated) into the communication device. For example, the transmitter 110 can be integrated into other components of a typical mobile phone. The controller 130 may be a separate IC within the mobile phone, or its functionality may be incorporated into the mobile phone processor and / or other circuitry. A typical mobile phone includes a rechargeable battery that can also function as the base unit battery 120. In this way, the mobile phone can be configured to wirelessly power the electronic device, eg, a separate electronic wearable device.

  As described above, the base unit 100 can include the battery 120. The battery 120 may be a rechargeable battery, such as a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery, a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery, or a lithium ion polymer (Li-ion polymer) battery. The battery 120 can be connected to other components that receive power. For example, the battery 120 can be connected to the energy generator 150. The energy generator 150 includes an energy harvesting device that can supply harvested energy to a storage battery and can be used to charge the electronic device (s). be able to. Energy harvesting devices are considered to include kinetic energy harvesting devices, solar cells, thermoelectric generators, or RF harvesting devices, but examples of devices are not limited to these. In some embodiments, the battery 120 can be connected to the input / output connector 180, eg, to a universal serial bus (USB) port. In this specification, the term USB port is understood to include all types of USB interfaces, eg, miniUSB type and microUSB type interfaces, now known or developed in the future. Additionally or alternatively, other types of connectors now known or later developed can be used. Use I / O connector 180 (eg, USB port) to connect base unit 100 to an external device, eg, an external power source or computing device (eg, a personal computer, laptop, tablet, or mobile phone) can do.

  The transmitter 110 is connected to the battery 120 so as to selectively receive power from the battery and to transmit power to the electronic device 200 wirelessly. As described herein, in some embodiments, a transmitter can combine transmitter functionality with a receiver. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be configured to receive power wirelessly from an external power source. During transmission, power can be broadcast wirelessly by the transmitter and can be received by any receiving device in the vicinity (eg, within the broadcast distance of the transmitter).

  In some embodiments, the transmitter 110 can be weakly coupled to a receiver in the electronic device 200. There may not be a tight coupling between the transmitter 110 and the receiver in the electronic device 200. Strong resonant coupling can be regarded as tight coupling. A base that is not on a base unit at a given distance (eg, from a base unit in or on a mobile phone to a wearable device in eyewear, or from a base unit placed on the surface by a weak (or loose) bond Power transmission over the distance) to the wearable device placed on the surface in the vicinity of the unit can be realized. That is, for example, the transmitter 110 can be separated from the receiver. This distance may be greater than 1 mm in some embodiments, may be greater than 10 mm in some embodiments, may be greater than 100 mm in some embodiments, and may be In the embodiment, it may be longer than 1,000 mm. In other embodiments, other distances can be used and power can be transmitted over those distances.

  The transmitter 110 and the receiver in the electronic device 200 can include impedance matching circuits, each with inductance, capacitance, and resistance. The impedance matching circuit can function to adjust the impedance of the transmitter 110 to better match the impedance of the receiver under the expected load, but nevertheless herein In the described embodiment, the transmitter cannot match the impedance of the receiver by the impedance matching circuit, and the receiver cannot match the impedance of the transmitter by the impedance matching circuit, however, The transmitter and receiver have transmitter and receiver coils each having a different size and / or other characteristic so that the impedance matching circuit can reduce the difference between the transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance. Can do. The transmitter 110 is generally at a frequency that is safe for the human body, e.g., less than 500 kHz in some embodiments, less than 300 kHz in some embodiments, less than 200 kHz in some embodiments, some In some embodiments, a wireless power signal can be provided that can be provided at a frequency of less than 125 kHz, and in some embodiments, less than 100 kHz. However, other frequencies than the above numerical values can also be used. It may be desirable to use frequencies that are not tuned or not tuned strongly. For example, in some embodiments, the frequency is less than 300 kHz.

  Power transmission / broadcasting may be selective in that the controller controls when power is being broadcast. The base unit can include a controller 130 connected to the battery 120 and the transmitter 110. As described further below, the controller 130 can be configured to cause the transmitter 110 to selectively transmit power. A charging circuit can be connected to the battery 120 to protect the battery from overcharging. The charging circuit can monitor the charge level of the battery 120 and can stop charging when it detects that the battery 120 is fully charged. In some embodiments, the functionality of the charging circuit can be incorporated into the controller 130, or the charging circuit can be a separate circuit (eg, a separate IC chip).

  In some embodiments, the base unit can include a memory 160. The memory 160 connects to the transmitter 110, and / or any additional transmitter and / or receiver (eg, receiver 140), and data transmitted to the base unit 100 and transmitted from the base unit 100. Data can be stored. For example, the base unit 100 may communicate data wirelessly with the electronic device 200, receive images acquired using an electronic device, for example in the form of a wearable camera, or configuration data may be transmitted to the electronic device. Can be configured to transmit to. The base unit can include one or more sensors 170 that can operate by being connected to a controller. The sensor 170 can detect the condition of the base unit so that the transmitter can selectively and / or adjust the power supply under the control of the controller 130.

  The electronic device 200 can be configured to provide almost any functionality, for example, an electronic device configured as a wearable camera, electronic watch, electronic band, and other such smart devices. Good. In addition to circuitry adapted to perform certain functions of the electronic device, the electronic device 200 may further include circuitry associated with wireless charging. The electronic device 200 can include at least one receiving coil 212, which can be connected to a rechargeable power battery that is mounted on the electronic device 200. Wireless charging between the receive coil and the transmit coil according to embodiments described herein is such that frequent charging is such that it does not interfere with the user during general use of the electronic device or that interference is minimized. Can be achieved through the coupling of

  In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a wearable electronic device, which is considered to be used synonymously with the electronic wearable device herein. An electronic device can have a form factor that is small enough to be easily carried by a user. The electronic device 200 can be attached to clothes or accessories worn by a user, and may be eyewear, for example. For example, the electronic device 200 may be a guide 6 incorporated in the eyewear, as shown, for example, in FIG. 2 (only a portion of the eyewear, ie, only the temple is shown, not the cluttered drawing). (Eg, truck) can be used to attach to eyewear.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can additionally be configured as a booster for RF energy, for example, by way of example only, the base unit embodiment described herein can be, for example, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee RF energy can be increased, or can be introduced from and / or placed in the vicinity of the base unit, for example from a smartphone or in the base unit described herein Components that can enhance other signals coming from a mobile communication system that can be included. For example, the base unit receives RF energy generated by a smartphone or mobile communication system, and receives one of the signals of WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, but by way of example only, for example received by a wearable electronic device A transceiver circuit that can broadcast the signal again at a higher power level should be included. This replayed broadcast can be realized using, for example, a unidirectional antenna, which is mainly used when a user is talking on a smartphone or mobile communication system. Broadcast energy away from the user's head. In some embodiments, the boost circuit in the base unit can enhance power when a wearable device is detected by the base unit or by an application running in a smartphone or mobile communication system. In some embodiments, the control may be performed in an application running in a smartphone or mobile communication system. In addition to increasing power for energy transmission, the data signal can also be amplified to improve data transmission between the wearable device and the smartphone or mobile communication system.

  In some embodiments, a base unit can generate an RF signal using an RF generation circuit included in the base unit. For example, an RF signal can be generated at a frequency suitable for a receiver in an energy harvesting circuit of a wearable device. For example, a communication system or other electronic device is from a wearable device or other indicator, and the wearable device is not available from the surroundings to generate an appropriate charging current for a battery or capacitor in the wearable device Such RF generation transmitters in the base unit can be switched on, for example, by a signal from a communication system or other electronic device when a message is received that may require additional energy.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an electronic device 200 that can be configured to receive power wirelessly in accordance with the present invention. In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 may be a miniaturized camera system, which may be attached to eyewear in some embodiments. In another example, the electronic device may be any other type of electronic system attached to the eyewear, such as an image display system, air quality sensor, UV / HEV sensor, pedometer, night light, It may be a communication device that can use Bluetooth, such as a Bluetooth headset, a hearing aid system or an audio system. In some embodiments, the electronic device can be worn anywhere on the human body, such as around the wrist (eg, an electronic watch or biometric device, such as a pedometer). The electronic device 200 may be other types of electronic devices different from the particular embodiment shown. The electronic device 200 may be almost any electronic device that is miniaturized, such as, but not limited to, a camera, an image capture device, an IR camera, a still camera, a video camera, an image sensor, a repeater, Resonator, sensor, sound multiplier, directional microphone, eyewear supporting electronic components, spectrometer, directional microphone, microphone, camera system, infrared imaging system, night vision aid, nightlight, illumination system, sensor, steps Meter, wireless cellular phone, mobile phone, wireless communication system, projector, laser, holographic device, holographic system, display, radio, GPS, data storage, memory storage, power supply, speaker, fall detector, awakening monitor, geolocation Device, pulse detection device, a gaming device, eye-tracking device, pupil monitoring devices, alarm, CO sensor, CO detector, CO ₂ sensor, CO ₂ detectors, particle sensors in air atmosphere microparticles meter, UV sensors, UV meter , IR sensor, IR meter, heat sensor, heat meter, contaminated air sensor, contaminated air monitor, bad breath sensor, bad breath monitor, alcohol sensor, alcohol monitor, motion sensor, motion monitor, thermometer, smoke sensor, smoke detector, medicine Reminder, audio playback device, audio recorder, speaker, sound amplification device, sound canceling device, hearing aid, hearing aid support device, notification earphone, smart earphone, smart ear wearable device, video playback device, video recorder device, image sensor, fall Detector, arousal sensor, Awakening monitor, information notification monitor, health sensor, health monitor, fitness sensor, fitness monitor, physiological sensor, physiological monitor, mood sensor, mood monitor, stress monitor, pedometer, motion detector, geolocation device, pulse detection device, wireless Communication device, gaming device, eyewear including electronic components, augmented reality system, virtual reality system, eye tracking device, pupil sensor, pupil monitor, automatic reminder, light, alarm, cellular phone device, telephone, mobile communication device, Polluted air quality alarm device, sleep detector, drowsiness detector, alcohol detector, thermometer, refractive error measurement device, wavefront measurement device, aberrometer, GPS system, smoke detector, medicine reminder, speaker, kinetic energy source, microphone ,projector Virtual keyboard, face authentication device, voice authentication device, sound authentication device, radioactive detector, radiation detector, radon detector, moisture detector, humidity detector, barometer, volume meter, sound level meter, acoustic sensor, distance meter, Laser system, topography sensor, motor, micro motor, nano motor, switch, battery, generator, thermal power source, fuel cell, solar cell, kinetic energy source, thermal power source, smart band, smart watch, smart earring, smart necklace, smart It can be clothes, smart belts, smart rings, smart bras, smart shoes, smart footwear, smart gloves, smart hats, smart headwear, smart eyewear, and other such smart devices. In some embodiments, electronic device 200 may be a smart device. In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 may be a very small wearable device or an implantable device.

  The electronic device 200 can include a receiver (eg, Rx coil 212) that is configured to be inductively coupled to a transmitter (eg, Tx coil 112) of the base unit 100. The electronic device is therefore located in the vicinity of the base unit (for example, the electronic device is located at a predetermined distance from the base unit or within the charging range) The receiver may be configured to automatically receive power from the base unit. The electronic device 200 can store excess power in a power battery mounted on the electronic device. The power battery mounted on the electronic device is considered to be much smaller than the battery of the base unit. Frequent recharging of the power battery can be achieved by electronic devices that frequently come in the vicinity of the base unit during normal use. For example, if a wearable electronic device is connected to eyewear and the base unit is in the form of a cellular phone case, during normal use, the cellular phone will frequently be near the user's head for calls. In the meantime, recharging of the power battery mounted on the wearable electronic device can be achieved. In some embodiments, where the wearable electronic device includes an electronic watch or a biometric sensor connected to a wristband or armband, the wearable electronic device is a user who picks up his cellular phone and the wearable electronic device. Can be recharged frequently by a base unit in the form of a cellular phone case that comes in the vicinity of. In some embodiments, the electronic device can include an energy harvesting system.

  In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 may not include a battery, but instead may be powered directly by the wireless power received from the base unit 100. In some embodiments, the electronic device 200 can include a capacitor (eg, a supercapacitor or an ultracapacitor) that operates by being connected to the Rx coil 212.

  Generally, in existing systems that apply wireless power transfer, the transmit coil and the receive coil can have the same or nearly the same coil ratio. However, if the miniaturized electronic device according to the present invention has a smaller form factor, such an embodiment is considered impractical. In some embodiments herein, the receive coil is considered much smaller than the transmit coil, for example, as shown in FIG. In some embodiments, the Tx coil 112 includes dimensions of the Rx coil 212 (eg, the length of the wire forming the winding 216, the diameter of the coil 212, the number of turns of the winding 216, the length of the core 217, (For example, the length of the wire forming the winding 116, the diameter of the wire forming the winding 116, the diameter of the coil 112, the number of turns of the winding 116, the core) 117, length of core 117, surface area of core 117). In some embodiments, the dimensions of the Tx coil 112 may be 2 times or more, 5 times or more, 10 times or more, 20 times or more, or 50 times or more of each dimension of the Rx coil 212. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the Tx coil 112 may be up to 100 times each dimension of the Rx coil 212. For example, the receiving coil 212 (Rx coil) can include a linear conductor having a wire diameter of about 0.2 mm. The wire may be a single strand wire. The Rx coil in this example can have a diameter of about 2.4 mm and a length of about 13 mm. The Rx coil can include a ferrite rod having a diameter of about 1.5 mm and a length of about 15 mm. The number of turns of the Rx coil is merely an example, but may be about 130. The transmission coil 112 (Tx coil) can include a linear conductor having a wire diameter of about 1.7 mm. The wire may be a multi-strand wire. The Tx coil in this example can have a diameter of about 14.5 mm and a length of about 67 mm. The Tx coil can include a ferrite rod having a diameter of about 8 mm and a length of about 68 mm. For a Tx coil, about 74 turns can be used. In other embodiments, other combinations for Tx and Rx coils can be used, for example, to optimize power transfer efficiency at distances greater than about 30 cm. In some embodiments, the transmission distance can exceed 12 inches. In some embodiments herein, the Tx and Rx coils may not be impedance matched, as is considered common in conventional wireless power transfer systems. Thus, in some embodiments, the Tx coil and Rx coil of the base unit and the electronic device can be referred to as loosely coupled, i.e., loosely coupled, respectively. According to some embodiments, the base unit is configured for low Q wireless power transmission. For example, in some embodiments a Q value less than 500, in some embodiments a Q value less than 250, in some embodiments a Q value less than 100, in some embodiments less than 80 The base unit can be configured for wireless power transmission with a Q value of, in some embodiments a Q value of less than 60, and other Q values can be used. Although impedance matching is not required, embodiments where the coil is at least partially impedance matched are also envisioned and are within the scope of the present invention. Although the Tx and Rx coils in the wireless power transfer system described herein can be generally loosely coupled, the present invention eliminates embodiments where the Tx and Rx coils are impedance matched. It is not a thing.

  The receive coil (eg, Rx coil 212) can include a conductor winding, such as a copper winding. A conductive material different from copper can be used. In some embodiments, the windings can include monolithic (eg, single-strand) windings or multi-strand windings. In some embodiments, the core may be a magnetic core that includes a magnetic material such as ferrite. The core can be formed into a rod shape. The Rx coil can have a size that is smaller than the size of the Tx coil, for example, the diameter, length, surface area, and / or mass of the core (eg, rod) is the diameter of the core (eg, rod) of the Tx coil. , Less than length, surface area and / or mass. In some embodiments, the core of the Tx coil (eg, ferrite rod) can have a surface area that is more than twice the surface area of the core of the Rx coil (eg, ferrite rod). In some embodiments, the Tx coil can have more turns than the turns of the Rx coil, and when unwound, can have a length greater than the length of the wire of the Rx coil. Can have. In some embodiments, the unraveled wire length of the Tx coil may be at least twice the unraveled wire length of the Rx coil.

  In some embodiments, the Rx coil 212 can have a length of about 10 mm to about 90 mm and a radius of about 1 mm to about 15 mm. In one embodiment, the performance of an Rx coil 212 having a ferrite rod with a length of 20 mm and a diameter of 2.5 mm and having a conductor winding wound thereon with 150 turns is approximately 125 kHz. Simulated using a Tx coil 112 configured to broadcast power at a frequency. The Tx coil 112 included a ferrite rod having a length of about 67.5 mm and a diameter of about 12 mm. The performance of the coils was simulated with their orientations aligned so that they are coaxial and in parallel orientations with the coil axes parallel to each other. Further, examples of the results of the simulation executed are shown in FIG. 21 and FIG. Up to 20% transmission efficiency was obtained in an orientation aligned with a distance of up to 200 mm between the coils. Several improvements in performance were observed when the coils were placed in a parallel orientation where the Rx coil continued to receive the transmitted power to a distance of about 300 mm. An embodiment of a wireless energy transmission system according to the present invention was compared to the efficiency achievable by a system configured in accordance with the Qi1.0 standard. The size of the Tx coil in one simulated system is 52 mm × 52 mm × 5.6 mm, and the size of one simulated Rx coil is 48.2 mm × 32.2 mm × 1.1 mm. The load impedance was 1 kΩ. The simulation is performed with configurations adjusted with various sizes of Rx coils, and an example of the results of the simulation is shown in FIG.

  Here, the base unit 300 incorporated in the mobile phone case form factor will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. The base unit 300 may include some or all of the components of the base unit 100 described above with reference to FIG. For example, the base unit 300 can include a transmission coil 312 (also referred to as a Tx coil). The transmit coil 312 is connected to an electronics package 305 that includes circuitry configured to perform the functions of the base unit according to the present invention. Base unit functions include the provision of selective and / or coordinated wireless power to one or more electronic devices. In some embodiments, the electronic device may be an electronic device (not shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B) that is separate from the base unit. In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a mobile phone 20 to which a base unit 300 in the form of a case is attached.

  The base unit 300 is located in the vicinity of the base unit (eg, within the charging bulb range) or a mobile wireless hotspot (eg, the charging bulb range 106) for wirelessly charging an electronic device that is in the vicinity of the base unit. ) Can be provided. As is apparent from the above description, the base unit 300, when implemented in the form of a mobile phone case, can be attached to a mobile phone and carried by the user, and thus hot for wireless power. Make the spot moveable and make the hotspot available to the electronic device wherever the user moves. In an embodiment, the base unit can be integrated into a mobile phone. Thus, advantageously, the wireless power hotspot moves with the user by being often carried by the user or being always connected to the user's mobile phone. As is further apparent from the above description, there are frequent opportunities for a user to recharge the power battery of an electronic device worn by the user during normal use of the mobile phone, depending on the usage of the mobile phone. , Often in the vicinity of wearable devices (for example, eyewear devices are used when the user is making a phone call, and devices worn on the wrist are used when the user is browsing with a mobile phone or mobile phone It is considered carried when using other functions.

  Tx coil 312 and electronics (eg, electronics package 305) can be surrounded by casing 315. The casing 315 can have a portable form factor. In this embodiment, the casing is formed in the form of an attachment member configured to be attached to a communication device, in this case a mobile phone (e.g., mobile phone, cellular phone, smartphone, transceiver, etc.). In some embodiments, the communication device may be a tablet. In the context of this disclosure, mobile phones are understood to include communication devices such as transceivers and walkie-talkies. For example, the casing 315 may be in the form of a tablet case or tablet cover (eg, as illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10C), or in the form of a cell phone case or cell phone cover, eg, as in this example. Can be formed. In such embodiments, the base unit incorporated in the casing can power an electronic device that is different from the communication device. The casing 315 can include a mechanism for mechanically locking to a communication device (eg, mobile phone 20). In another embodiment, the casing of the base unit can be formed as an attachment member that is adapted to attach to accessories such as handbags, belts. For example, other form factors may be used, as described below with reference to FIG.

  In the embodiment in FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B, the base unit 300 includes a transmit coil 312. The transmission coil 312 includes a magnetic core 317 having a conductor winding 316. The core 317 can be made from a ferromagnetic material (eg, ferrite), a magnetic metal or alloy, or a combination thereof, which materials are collectively referred to herein as magnetic materials. For example, magnetic materials such as ferrite and various alloys of iron and nickel can be used. The coil 312 includes a conductor winding 316 provided around the core 317. In the context of the present disclosure, it is understood that the winding 316 can be provided directly on the core 317, but this is not necessary. In other words, the winding 316 can be provided at a distance from the core material that can be placed in the space defined by the winding 316, as described with reference to FIGS. In some embodiments, improved performance can be achieved with a winding wound directly around the core as in this embodiment.

  The core 317 can be shaped as an elongated member and can have almost any cross-section, such as a rectangular or circular cross-section. The elongated core can also be referred to as a rod 314 as a synonym, and may be, for example, a cylindrical rod or a prismatic rod. The term rod can be used to represent an elongate core according to the present specification, regardless of the specific cross-sectional shape of the core. The core may be a single rod or any number of discrete rods (eg, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10) arranged in a pattern as described below. Or another number of rods greater than 10). In the example in FIGS. 4 and 5, but not intended to be limiting, the transmit coil is a single circle disposed at least partially along the first surface (eg, top surface 321) of casing 315. It has a columnar rod. In other embodiments, alternatively or additionally, one or more coils can be disposed along another surface, eg, the lower surface 323, left side 325, and / or right side 327 of the casing 315.

  An electronics package 305 (also referred to synonymously as electronics or circuitry) can be embedded in the casing 315 or provided behind the cover 307. In some embodiments, the cover 307 may be removable. In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to replace the battery 320. In such an embodiment, battery 320 may be a component that is separable from the rest of the circuit. The battery 320 can be accessed by removing the cover 307. In some embodiments, the electronics package 305 can include a battery for storing energy from an external power source. In some embodiments, alternatively or additionally, the base unit 300 can receive power from a mobile phone when powering a remote electronic device. In some embodiments, the base unit may not require a battery, and thus a smaller form factor can be achieved.

  The base unit can be provided with one or more I / O devices 380. I / O devices can be used to receive and / or transmit power and / or data via a wired connection between the base unit and other devices. For example, the base unit can include an I / O device 380 in the form of a USB connector. The I / O device 380 (eg, USB connector) is a first connection side 382 (eg, for connecting the base unit to an external device (eg, a power source such as a power grid and / or other electronic devices). Female port). The I / O device 380 can include a second connection side 384 (eg, a male connector) for connecting the base unit to a mobile phone, eg, via a USB port of the mobile phone. One or more of the signal lines 385 of the I / O device can be connected to power transmission lines, ground lines, and / or data lines in the base unit circuit. For example, if a USB connector with 5 lines is used, 2 lines can be used for data, the other 2 lines can be used for power, and The remaining one line can be connected to ground or used as a redundant line. The signal lines 385 on the first connection side and the second connection side can be connected to the base unit circuit via the connector circuit 386 (for example, a USB chip). It is understood that any other type of connector can be used, for example, but not intended to be limiting, an Apple Lightning connector.

  The base unit 300 can include a controller 330. The controller can include functions for controlling the operation of the base unit, for example, detection of electronic devices in the vicinity, selective transmission of wireless power based on the detection of electronic devices, identification of the state of the base unit And a function for controlling the selection of the transmission mode depending on the state of the base unit. Those functions can be provided on a computer readable medium or can be incorporated into an ASIC or other processing hardware. The controller can also be referred to as a base unit processor as a synonym.

  The base unit can include one or more memory devices 360. The base unit may include volatile memory 362 (eg, RAM) and non-volatile memory 364 (eg, EEPROM, flash memory or other permanent electronic storage). The base unit can be configured to receive data (eg, user data, configuration data) via a wired or wireless connection with an external electronic device, and the data can be received by the base unit itself (eg, One or more of the memory devices 360). The base unit can be configured to transmit data stored on the base unit itself to an external electronic device as desired. In addition to user data, the memory device may store executable instructions that when executed by a processor (eg, processor 360) cause a base unit to perform the functions described herein.

  The base unit 300 can include a charging circuit 332, which can be configured to protect the battery 320 from overcharging. The charging circuit can be a separate chip or can be integrated into the controller 330. The base unit can include a separate transmitter / receiver circuit 340 in addition to the Tx coil 312 used for wireless power transfer. The transmitter / receiver circuit 340 can include a receive / transmit coil 342, eg, an RF coil. The transmitter / receiver circuit 340 may further include a transmission driver circuit 344 (eg, an RF driver circuit) and a signal reception sensing circuit 346 (eg, an RF sensing circuit). Base unit 300 may include additional circuitry (eg, communication circuitry 388) for wireless communication. The communication circuit 388 may include a circuit configured for Bluetooth, WiFi, GSM, or other communications. In some examples, the base unit 300 can include one or more sensors 370 and / or one or more energy generators 350 as described herein. Additional circuitry that provides additional functionality may also be included. For example, the base unit 300 may include an image processor for processing and / or enhancing images received from a wearable camera (eg, eyewear camera). Image processing functions can be provided in a separate IC (eg, DaVinci chipset) or can be incorporated into a processor that implements the functions of controller 330.

  In some embodiments, the casing can be configured to be mechanically connected to a communication device such as a mobile phone. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B, the casing 315 is configured to provide the functionality of a mobile phone case. The casing may have a shape that corresponds to the shape of a communication device (eg, a mobile phone). For example, the casing may be generally rectangular in shape and dimensioned to at least partially contain or at least partially enclose the communication device. In some embodiments, the casing can be configured to cover only one side of the communication device. In some embodiments, the casing can at least partially cover two or more surfaces of the communication device. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B, the casing 315 is configured to provide the functionality of a mobile phone case. The casing includes a locking mechanism for connecting the base unit to a communication device (eg, a mobile phone). For example, a receiving port 309 for accommodating a mobile phone can be formed in the casing at least partially. A receptacle can be provided in the front surface of the casing. Base unit electronics can be provided in the vicinity of the surface opposite the receptacle. The coil can be disposed around the casing, for example, along any one of the upper surface, the lower surface, the left side surface, and the right side surface.

  In some embodiments, the system described herein is a system that is below a certain height of temperature, for example below 10 ° C. above ambient temperature, over 30 minutes of continuous operation. The surface temperature of the components can be maintained. In some embodiments, the surface temperature can be maintained at a height that does not exceed 5 ° C. above ambient temperature. Temperature maintenance can minimize or reduce acceleration of battery discharge rates of base units, communication systems (eg, mobile phones) and / or wearable electronic devices.

  Thus, a base unit according to an embodiment (e.g. attachable to a mobile phone) is a surface of the base unit, e.g. a surface of the base unit adjacent to the mobile phone or another base disposed on or in the base unit A thermal management system for removing heat from the surface of the device can be included. An example thermal management system may be a passive system, an active system, or a combination thereof. Active systems include (by way of example only) Peltier coolers and active flow devices such as small fans and electrostatic tubes. Passive systems include (although by way of example) heat reflective materials at appropriate surfaces, passive convection lines, heat spreaders, and similar devices, vents. The vents can be placed on any surface, however, in some embodiments, they can be placed on the back to help reduce any temperature rise.

  In some embodiments, it may be advantageous to reduce or eliminate interference with the operation of the electronic device caused by the transmission of wireless energy. For example, such minimization may be advantageous in systems that use cell phones or other devices that operate on wireless communication frequencies.

  For example, a transmission frequency that deviates from the normal communication bandwidth can be selected. In some embodiments, shielding techniques can be used that allow the passage of desired frequencies while preventing or reducing the passage of certain undesired frequencies.

  For example, at one or more frequencies that may be orders of magnitude below the normal near field communication frequency band, and several octaves of one or more power transfer frequencies are weak to interfere with the communication band signal. Power transmission can be performed at power levels considered to be too high.

  In some embodiments, shielding can be applied. To shield the energy transmitted in a direction away from the direction of the transmitter and receiver antennas of a communication system (eg, a smartphone) that is attached to the base unit or located in the vicinity of the base unit Can be realized using other metals or other conductive materials. In some cases, only one or more power transmission frequencies are used while using frequency selection surfaces to block any integer multiple of transmission frequencies that may interfere with typical communication band frequencies. A base unit and / or a mobile communication device can be realized. Shielding can be achieved using active circuitry that can absorb energy and re-radiate energy in the desired direction. This active circuit can be implemented as a conformal skin containing embedded active and passive components. Conformal skins can be used to implement the base station and / or surround all or part of the base station. Conformal skins can be used to implement an electronic wearable device and / or to enclose all or part of an electronic wearable device. In some embodiments, such an approach can be used to increase the efficiency of energy transfer to the subject wearable device by reducing the energy absorbed by other components.

  In some embodiments, the power transfer components of the base unit can be arranged such that they are physically spaced from the communication elements used for normal operation of the smartphone or cellular phone. (For example, the power transmission component can be placed on a base unit that has a shape that houses the smartphone such that the communication component of the smartphone is physically spaced from the power transmission component).

  In some embodiments, a unidirectional antenna design can be provided to reduce or eliminate interference due to power energy transmitted to and from the mobile phone along with normal communication signals. .

  For example, in some embodiments in which the mobile phone is configured to wirelessly charge the mobile phone battery, the base unit is a separate unit from the mobile phone and the charging coil of the phone charging system Can be provided with a transmitter coil arranged to achieve an uninterrupted transmission of charging energy from the base unit. In some embodiments, the base unit can charge both the smartphone battery and the base unit battery using the same wireless charging system. In general, the design of a base unit to allow a specific mobile phone can provide a custom design for the mechanical interface and / or operate with other electronic components in the mobile phone And can be designed to work with those other electronic components. This can include a charging system that is connected wirelessly or directly via a connection, such as a standard USB connection including USB type C, by way of example only.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be implemented as a cellular phone subsystem. In those embodiments, the base unit can be designed so as not to interfere with other subsystems of the mobile phone.

  The base unit can transmit 10 watts or less of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 6 inches or more. The base unit can transmit no more than 5 watts of wireless power transmitted over a distance of 6 inches or more to the electronic wearable device. The base unit can transmit no more than 2 watts of wireless power transmitted over a distance of 6 inches or more to the electronic wearable device. The base unit can transmit 1 watt or less of transmitted wireless power to the electronic wearable device over a distance of 6 inches or more. The base unit can transmit up to 1 milliwatt of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 6 inches or more. The base unit can transmit 100 microwatts or less of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 6 inches or more. The electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 6 inches or more when using less than 1 watt of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 6 inches or more when using less than 1 milliwatt of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 6 inches or more when using less than 100 microwatts of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 6 inches or more when using 10 nanowatts or more of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 6 inches or more when using less than 10 nanowatts of transmitted wireless power.

  The base unit can transmit 10 watts or less of transmitted wireless power to the electronic wearable device over a distance of 1 inch or more. The base unit can transmit up to 5 watts of wireless power transmitted over a distance of 1 inch or more to the electronic wearable device. The base unit can transmit 2 watts or less of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 1 inch or more. The base unit can communicate less than 1 watt of transmitted wireless power with the electronic wearable device over a distance of 1 inch or more. The base unit can transmit 1 milliwatt or less of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 1 inch or more. The base unit can transmit 100 microwatts or less of transmitted wireless power to an electronic wearable device over a distance of 1 inch or more. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 1 inch or more when using less than 1 watt of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 1 inch or more when using less than 1 milliwatt of transmitted wireless power. The electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 1 inch or more when using less than 100 microwatts of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 1 inch or more when using 10 nanowatts or more of transmitted wireless power. An electronic wearable device can transmit data to the base unit over a distance of 1 inch or more when using less than 10 nanowatts of transmitted wireless power.

  The operation of the base unit according to some embodiments herein will now be described with reference also to FIGS. FIG. 6 shows a process 400 for wirelessly charging an electronic device 200 in a form separate from a base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) (eg, not attached to the base unit). As explained above, the base unit can be realized as an attachment member configured to connect to a communication device such as a mobile phone 20. In another embodiment, the base unit can be integrated into the communication device. Although a base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) can be used to charge another device that is different from the cell phone 20 to which it is attached, the present invention nevertheless However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and charging of the mobile phone 20 by the base unit is also envisaged. As described in block 420, the mobile phone 20 and a base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) attached to the mobile phone 20 or built into the mobile phone 20 are included in the electronic device 200. For example, the mobile phone 20 can be moved to a location located in the vicinity of the eyewear camera 205 in FIG. For example, the user 5 is considered to carry the mobile phone 20 near the user's head for a call. During this time, the electronic device is considered in the vicinity of the base unit (eg, within the charging range of the base unit) and can receive power wirelessly from the base unit.

  A base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) can be configured to selectively transmit power. For example, the base unit can be configured to store energy while the electronic device is not located sufficiently close to the base unit to receive a power signal. The base unit can be configured to stop transmitting power if no compatible electronic device is detected in the vicinity.

  For example, as described in block 430, prior to the start of power transfer, a base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) can detect electronic devices located in the vicinity. The electronic device is considered to be located in the vicinity for charging with a certain distance from the base unit. That is, even if the electronic device is not in contact with the base unit, the electronic device is considered to be located in the vicinity for charging. In some embodiments, the electronic device can broadcast a signal (block 410), which can be detected by the base unit. The signal may be a proximity signal that represents the presence of the electronic device. The signal may be a charge state signal that also represents the charge level of the power battery in the electronic device. When the electronic device is located within the communication range of the base unit, the base unit can detect a signal broadcast by the electronic device and can initiate power transmission in response to the signal. . The communication range may be substantially the same as the charging range. In some embodiments, the communication range is smaller than the base unit charging range to ensure that the electronic device is only detected when properly positioned within the base unit charging range. Good. The electronic device is considered to remain in the vicinity as long as the distance between the base unit and the electronic device remains below a threshold distance (eg, a charging range).

  In some embodiments, it may be impractical to broadcast a signal from an electronic device, for example if only limited power is available in the electronic device itself. Instead, the base unit can transmit an interrogation signal. The interrogation signal can be transmitted continuously or periodically. In response to the interrogation signal, the electronic device may be configured to transmit a signal (eg, proximity signal, state of charge signal, charging parameters, such as, but not limited to, charging frequency, power requirement and / or coil orientation). Can be configured. In some embodiments, redundant detection functionality such that both the base unit and the electronic device broadcast a signal and detection is performed according to any of the processes described with reference to blocks 405 and 410. Can be included.

  A base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) may wirelessly transmit power to electronic device 200 while one or more conditions remain true (block 440). For example, the base unit may continue to transmit power to the electronic device while the electronic device remains in the charging zone of the base unit or until the power battery of the electronic device is fully charged. it can. With respect to the latter, the electronic device can transmit a state of charge signal when the power battery is fully charged, and the base unit ends the broadcast of the power signal when a state of full charge signal is detected. be able to. In some embodiments, instead of or in addition to a full charge status signal, the electronic device may turn off the power battery by stopping charging when the power battery of the electronic device is fully charged. A charging circuit configured to protect may be included. In this way, individual electronic devices can stop receiving power while the base unit continues to transmit, for example when multiple devices are charging.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be configured to transmit the interrogation signal periodically or continuously while broadcasting the power signal. The interrogation signal can trigger a response signal from an electronic device 200 located in the vicinity. The response signal may indicate whether any electronic device remains in the vicinity and / or whether any device located in the vicinity requests power. The base unit may be configured to broadcast power until no electronic device is detected in the vicinity, or until all charge state signals of electronic devices located in the vicinity represent a fully charged state. it can.

  In some embodiments, the base unit (eg, base unit 100 or 300) can be further configured to adjust the mode of power transfer. The base unit can be configured to transmit power in a low power mode, a high power mode, or a combination thereof. The low power mode can correspond to a power transfer mode in which power is broadcast at a first power level. The high power mode may correspond to a power transfer mode in which power is broadcast at a second power level that is higher than the first power level. The low power mode can correspond to a mode in which power is broadcast at a safe level to the human body. As described in block 450, the base unit can be configured to detect the condition of the base unit. For example, sensors mounted on the base unit (eg, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.) can detect changes in the position or orientation of the base unit, or is the base unit held by the user's body Or a change in acceleration that can indicate that the user is moving toward the body. The controller can be configured to identify whether the base unit is stationary (block 460) and to change the output mode in response to this identification. For example, if it is determined that the base unit is stationary, the base unit can transmit power in a high power mode, as described in block 470. If it is determined that the base unit is not stationary, the base unit can reduce the power level of the power signal transmitted by the base unit. The base unit can change the mode of power transmission to a low power mode as described in block 480. The base unit can continue to monitor changes in the state of the base unit and the power level can be adjusted accordingly, e.g. if the base unit is again identified as stationary, the power level is Can be raised to higher power levels. The sensor transmits power at a safe level when appropriate (eg, when the base unit is moving as a result of being carried or moved near the user's body). If possible, the state of the base unit can be monitored so that power transmission is optimized while guaranteeing that.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be connected to a communication device (eg, cell phone 20) to allow communication. The cell phone 20 can be configured to execute a software application that can provide a user interface for controlling one or more functions of the base unit. For example, the software application allows the user 5 to configure a power broadcast or inquiry signal broadcast schedule and / or monitor the charging status of the base unit and / or electronic devices connected to the base unit. can do. The software application may also process data received by the base unit from the electronic device (s). FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a process 500 for wireless power transfer according to another embodiment described herein. In the embodiment in FIG. 7, the base unit communicates by being connected to a mobile phone, whereby the mobile phone can transmit command signals to the base unit. The command signal may be a command for initiating broadcast of an inquiry signal, as described in block 505. The base unit may transmit an interrogation signal in response to the command signal (block 510). Proximity signals and / or charge status signals may be received from one or more electronic devices located in the vicinity (block 515). Based on the detection of electronic devices located in the vicinity, the base unit controller may automatically control the transmitter to broadcast the power signal (block 520). In some embodiments, the detected electronic device can be displayed on a mobile phone display. The mobile phone can transmit a command signal under the direction of a user, which can be a command for starting power transmission. The base unit may continue to monitor the charging status of the electronic device (eg, via an interrogation signal broadcast and receiving a charging status signal that is a response from the electronic device) as described in block 525. it can. The broadcast of power from the base unit can be terminated based on the occurrence of the event, as described in block 530. An event can be received from one or more charging electronic devices as an indication of a fully charged state, an indication that power stored in the base unit battery has been consumed, or It may correspond to the identification of no electronic device in the vicinity. In some embodiments, power broadcasting can continue based on the identification of the base unit being moved (eg, being carried or moved by the user 5). However, this broadcast occurs at a reduced power level.

Embodiments described herein can provide a low cost, small form factor, lightweight, and portable base unit (eg, a wireless power charging unit) that can be used to power other electronic devices. Can be received from the device. Based on or after receiving power from an external power source, to charge the battery or capacitor of the electronic device, or to power the electronic device with wireless power to power the electronic device directly In addition, a base unit can be used. Electronic devices are merely examples, but watches, bands, necklaces, earrings, rings, headwear, hearing aids, hearing aid cases, hearing aid control units, eyewear, augmented reality units, virtual reality units, implants, clothing, wearable products, It may be an implant device, a cellular phone. The base unit described herein can include a transmitter, an external power port, and associated electronics. The transmitter can include a metal winding around the magnetic material core, and can include a copper wire, by way of example only. The transmitter core is simply in one example, can include iron, ferrites, iron alloys, Mumetal, Vitroperm ^(R) 500F, one of the high permeability metal. The transmitter can include a ferrite core. The winding may be made of copper wire. The winding may consist of a litz wire. The external power port may be a USB port. The USB port can be electrically connected to one of a laptop, desktop, cellular phone, smart pad, communication system, morphie case, rechargeable cellular phone case, or other power source. In this way, the base unit can be formed as a “dongle” or as other accessory device having a USB or other electronic interface with a power source and a wireless transmitter. The transmitter can be wirelessly connected to a receiver of a remote electronic device. The electronic device may be an electronic wearable device. The portable charging unit may not be provided with a battery. The portable charging unit may not be provided with a power source. A base unit according to an embodiment may include at least one USB connector, an RF source for generating a time-varying signal, which is fed to an RF antenna or a magnetic coil. The base unit according to the embodiment may include a ferrite core and a copper wire winding.

  Therefore, the base unit according to the embodiment can be powered by a third party power source. Such a third party power source is merely an example, and may be a computer, laptop, cellular phone, smart pad, power socket, or combination thereof.

  The base unit according to some embodiments may include a battery that may be a very small form factor battery in some embodiments, or the power from the power source may vary, Or it can include capacitors that are desirable for the smallest power source for the electronics to continue to function in the event of momentary unavailability.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be used as a portable wireless charging unit. FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging unit prepared in accordance with embodiments described herein. The base unit 3700 can include a USB connector 3702 wired to an RF source 3704, which generates a magnetic field, an RF power signal, or any type of electromagnetic radiation, an antenna or magnetic coil 3706. (For example, a transmitter). The portable wireless charging unit 3700 can be used with any USB outlet or other interface that can supply power.

  The base unit according to the embodiments can be incorporated into a smartphone case and / or used with a smartphone case and used to power a smartphone battery or provide a spare battery for a smartphone Is done. The aforementioned smartphone case can include a recess for accommodating a smartphone and a standard USB connector, which USB battery charges the battery in the smartphone case and / or the smartphone located in the aforementioned case. Can be used for. The smartphone case includes a USB power output port that can be used to power any external device from the battery in the smartphone case that includes (but is not limited to) the base unit. it can.

  A smartphone can have a normal USB port that provides the normal charging and data functions of a typical smartphone. Such smartphones include (but are not limited to) a portable wireless charging unit (eg, a base unit) that can be connected to a USB port to power other external devices. It can also include a USB port to supply.

  As already described, the base unit according to the embodiment may include a plurality of coils and / or a plurality of rods arranged in a predetermined pattern. 9A to 9E show a base unit that includes two coils. The base unit may include some or all of the features of the base unit shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, and thus description thereof will be omitted. For example, the base unit 700 can include a circuit 705 and at least one Tx coil 712 configured to provide the functionality of the base unit according to the present invention. The coil and circuit 705 can be surrounded by a casing 715 or embedded in the casing 715. The base unit 700 includes a first coil 712-1 and a second coil 712-2. In some embodiments, both the first coil and the second coil can be configured for wireless power transfer. In some embodiments, the first coil 712-1 can be configured as a transmit coil, and the second coil 712-2 can be configured as a receive coil. The first coil and the second coil can extend at least partially along the opposite surface of the casing 715. For example, the first coil 712-1 can be provided along the upper surface of the casing 715, and the second coil 712-2 can be provided along the lower surface of the casing 715. Orientation terms such as up, down, left and right are used for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the terms top and bottom are considered to represent the orientation of a typical base unit in use when connected to a mobile phone, for example, the top surface of the base unit is most similar to the top surface of the mobile phone. It is conceivable that the base unit is located near the bottom surface of the mobile phone, and the bottom surface of the base unit is closest to the bottom surface of the mobile phone. In some embodiments, the base unit is alternatively or additionally arranged along any side or surface of the casing, including the left side or right side, or near the front or back side of the casing Can be included. In some embodiments, the Tx coils or their components can be placed in the central portion of the base unit, as further described below. The casing includes a receptacle 709 for coupling a communication device (for example, a mobile phone). The receptacle 709 can include a locking mechanism for mechanically connecting the communication device to the mobile phone. For example, the casing can be formed from a rigid plastic material and the receptacle can be configured such that the communication device is snapped to the mobile phone. In some embodiments, the casing can be formed, at least in part, from an elastic plastic material (eg, rubber) and at least a portion of the casing when the mobile phone is placed in the receptacle 709. Can deform (eg, extend or bend). Additional embodiments of the base unit casing and locking mechanism are described below with reference to FIGS.

  10A to 10C show a base unit 800 having a casing 815 in the form of a case for the communication device 30. The communication device 30 may be a tablet or a smartphone. The casing 815 can surround the circuit 801 of the base unit. The casing 815 can include a receptacle 809 that is configured to accommodate the communication device 30 (eg, a tablet or a smartphone). In this embodiment, the receptacle 809 is configured for slidable engagement with the communication device 30, eg, a tablet, by sliding the communication device from one surface (eg, top surface) of the casing to the receptacle 809. Has been. In another embodiment, the receptacle 809 can be configured for snap-on locking with the communication device 30 (eg, tablet or smartphone). In yet another embodiment, the casing 815 can be configured to be at least partially elastically deformed when attached to the communication device 30. The communication device 30 can be placed on the receiving port 809 with at least a part of the casing 815 protruding from the base unit 800. In some embodiments, the communication device 30 is at least partially by the casing 815 such that the display surface 31 of the communication device 30 (eg, tablet or smartphone) is substantially flush with the casing surface 817. Can be surrounded.

  FIGS. 11A to 11D show a base unit 900 having a casing 915 in the form of a partial case for the communication device 15. The communication device 15 may be a mobile phone, a tablet, or the like. A partial case can be attached to a portion of the communication device 15 (eg, the lower portion, the upper portion) and / or can surround a portion of the communication device 15. The casing 915 can surround the circuit 901 of the base unit 900. The base unit 900 can include a receiving port 909 formed in the casing 915. The receptacle 909 can be configured to lock the communication device 15 with a snap. With snap-on locking, one or more locking mechanisms of the receptacle are shaped / sized for an interface that fits at least a portion of the communication device, and one or more locking It is implied that the mechanism is temporarily deformed to accommodate the communication device in the receptacle. In another embodiment, the receptacle 909 can be configured to slidably lock the communication device 15 in a manner similar to the embodiment in FIG.

  12A and 12B illustrate a base unit 1000 having a casing 1015 according to another embodiment described herein. The casing 1015 is considered similar to the casing 915 in that it may be a partial casing that is configured to be attached to only a portion of the communication device 15. The casing 1015 can surround the circuit 1001 of the base unit 1000. A movable cover 1019 can be attached to the casing 1015. The movable cover 1019 can be hinged to one or more locations so that the cover 1019 can be moved without interfering with access to the communication device 15. In some embodiments, the attachment member can be coupled to the casing 1015, or the cover 1019, or both the casing 1015 and the cover 1019. The attachment member 1003 can be configured so that the user can easily carry the base unit 1000 and the communication device 15 attached to the base unit 1000. For example, the attachment member 1003 may be a clip, an annular hole, or the like for attaching the base unit to a garment / accessory. The movable cover can be locked in the closed position via conventional fasteners (eg, snaps, magnetic closures, etc.).

  13 and 14A-14C illustrate a base unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The base unit 1100 can include some or all of the features of the base unit described herein, and thus a description of similar aspects is omitted. For example, the base unit 1100 can include a wireless power transmitter (eg, Tx coil 1112), a battery (1120), and a base unit circuit (1105). A battery 1120 and circuit 1105 can be provided in the central portion of the base unit 1100, while a Tx coil 1112 can be provided along the peripheral portion of the base unit 1100. The battery 1120 may be rechargeable and / or removable. The base unit casing 1115 can be configured, for example, as an attachment member for attaching the base unit to a communication device, eg, to the mobile phone 20. The casing can have a peripheral surface (e.g., have a top surface, a bottom surface, a left side surface, and a right side surface, which are relative to the mobile phone when the base unit is connected to the mobile phone. Arbitrarily expressed as top, bottom, left and right to illustrate the correct orientation). In the embodiment in FIGS. 13 and 14A to 14C, the Tx coil is arranged parallel to the peripheral surface of the base unit (for example, along the peripheral portion).

  The transmitter can include a single continuous Tx coil or a segmented Tx coil. In the embodiment in FIG. 13, the transmitter includes a plurality of discrete Tx coils (in this embodiment four coils 1112-1, 1112) each having a magnetic core and a conductor winding wound thereon. -2, 1112-3 and 1112-4). The diameter φ of the Tx coil may range from about 5 mm to about 20 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter φ of the Tx coil may be between 8 mm and 15 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter φ of the Tx coil may be 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, or 14 mm. Different diameters can be used for the coils. The magnetic core in this embodiment is formed as an elongated cylindrical rod made of a magnetic material. The rod in this embodiment is disposed along the periphery of the base unit 1100. In some embodiments, the rod can extend substantially along the entire length of the top, bottom, left and right sides of the casing 1115. The length (l), width (w), and thickness (t) of casing 1115 may range from about 150 mm to 180 mm, 80 mm to 95 mm, and 15 mm to 25 mm, respectively. For example, different lengths, widths and thicknesses can be used to accommodate a given communication device (eg, a smartphone) and / or to accommodate a particular size coil. For example, a casing configured to be connected to an iPhone 6 as a mobile phone may be about 160 mm long, about 84 mm wide and about 19 mm thick, and has a diameter of about 9 mm. A Tx coil can be accommodated. In another example, the casing can have a length of about 165 mm, a width of about 94 mm, and a thickness of about 21 mm that accommodates a coil having a diameter of about 14 mm.

  In certain embodiments, a plurality of transmit coils can be driven in a phased manner or sequentially in time, thereby transmitting each coil individually at any point in time. Power, which generates a rotating magnetic field with the maximum possible charging range from the base unit. Such an approach provides an improved orientation and range that is independent of the charging system.

  The base unit includes receiving ports 1109 and 1209 for accommodating the mobile phone 20. In this embodiment, the receptacle is configured such that when the cellular phone is accommodated, the cellular phone is substantially flush with the surface of the casing. The receptacles 1109, 1209 can have a size and shape that substantially matches the size and shape of the mobile phone such that the five sides of the mobile phone are substantially surrounded by the casing. In some embodiments, the receptacle can have a size and / or shape selected to partially enclose the mobile phone. When the mobile phone is locked to the casing (eg, as shown in the embodiments in FIGS. 10 and 11), the mobile phone may protrude from the casing, which means that the base unit foam The factor can be further reduced.

  In some embodiments, such as in the embodiments of FIGS. 15A-15C and 16A-16C described further below, the windings are spaced from the surface of the rod (s). Can be provided.

  In some embodiments, it may be desirable to maximize the number of turns, or the length of wire used in the winding. A base unit having a generally flat parallelepiped shape can have four peripheral surfaces (upper surface, lower surface, left side surface and right side surface) and two main surfaces (front surface and back surface). . The number of turns, or the length of wire used in the winding, can be maximized by placing the winding in the peripheral portion of the device. For example, the linear conductor can be wound to have a loop that substantially traverses the perimeter of the base unit (eg, as defined by the top, bottom, left, and right sides). FIGS. 15A-15C illustrate a base in which a conductor winding 1316 is provided around the base unit and a core material (eg, core rod 1314) is provided in the inner portion of the base unit that is spaced from the winding. Examples of units 1300a through 1300c are shown. The base unit 1300a includes individual rods 1314 arranged to have a center line perpendicular to the main surface (eg, front surface or back surface) of the base unit. The base unit 1300b and the base unit 1300c include individual rods 1314 arranged so as to have a center line parallel to the peripheral surface of the base unit.

  In another embodiment, the wire conductor can be wound so that the wire is located in a plane substantially parallel to the main surface of the base unit. For example, the base unit 1400a includes a core material in the form of a core plate 1417, windings wound on a core plate having a coil axis that is substantially parallel to the left and right sides of the base unit, Is included. Base units 1400b and 1400c are similar to the windings of base unit 1400a, however, include windings 1416 that use discrete rods 1414 as the core material that are spaced inwardly from the windings. And arranged parallel to the peripheral surface of the base unit. Non-magnetic material can be provided in the space between the rods in the embodiment of FIGS. 15A-15C and FIGS. 16A-16C. In other embodiments, various combinations of winding and rod orientations can be used that are different from the particular embodiment shown.

  The base unit can be incorporated into various shapes that can have a relatively small form factor. Incorporating the base unit into a portable form factor, eg, a form factor that fits in the user's hand and / or can be easily carried in the user's pocket, handbag, or attached to the user's wearable accessory it can. For example, referring now also to FIG. 17, the base unit 1500 can have a casing 1515 that has a generally cylindrical shape (eg, the shape of a pack). Since the pack-like base unit 1500 can include some or all of the components of the base unit described herein, a description of such components is omitted. For example, the base unit can include a transmitter (eg, Tx coil 1512), a battery, and a controller (not shown). Casing 1515 can have a first major surface (eg, a lower surface) and a second major surface (eg, an upper surface). The Tx coil can be disposed along the periphery of the base unit (for example, at least partially extending along the peripheral surface in the vicinity of the cylindrical peripheral surface). In some embodiments, the core may be in the form of a cylindrical core plate. The coil winding, cylindrical core plate, and cylindrical pack can be aligned coaxially. Base unit 1500 can include one or more input ports 1560 for connecting the base unit to an external power device and / or another computing device. For example, the base unit 1500 has a first input port 1560-1 for connecting the base unit 1500 to an AC power source and a second input for connecting the base unit to a computing device, such as a laptop or tablet. Port 1560-2 (eg, a USB port). Base unit 1500 can include one or more state of charge indicators 1590. The charging status indicator 1590 can provide visual feedback regarding the status and / or charging cycle of the base unit, nearby electronic devices, or combinations thereof.

  A state of charge indicator in the form of a lighting device 1592 can be provided around the base unit or around the main surface of the base unit. The lighting device can include a plurality of discrete light sources. Individual light sources or groups of individual light sources can represent conditions for individual electronic devices that can be inductively coupled to the base unit for charging. In some embodiments, an indicator display 1594 can be provided on the main surface (eg, the top surface) of the base unit. An indicator display can be configured to represent individual charge status for one or more electronic devices that are inductively coupled to the base unit for charging.

FIG. 18 shows the components of a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit for a wireless power transfer system according to the present invention. The transmitter side of the system, the transmission coil is represented by the inductance L _11. The transmitter circuit is tuned to broadcast at the desired frequency. For this purpose, the transmitter circuit includes a capacitance _{C1_PAR} and a resistor _{R1_PAR} , which can be selected to tune the transmitter to the desired transmission resonant frequency. On the receiver side of the system, the receiving coil is represented by an inductance L ₂₂ , and the capacitance C ₂ and resistor R ₂₂ are the RLC circuit formed by the receiving coil inductance, C ₂ and R ₂₂ , and are transmitted by the transmitting coil. It is selected to adjust to the formed transmission resonance frequency. The rectifier (eg, full wave rectifier) is formed from four diodes D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ and D ₄ . The rectifier combined with the load circuit is formed for R _LOAD , C _LOAD and L _LOAD , and the DC voltage output for charging the device battery with the alternating signal induced at L _22. Convert to The load resistance R _LOAD and the load capacitance C _LOAD are selected to impedance match the diode bridge to the charging circuit for the battery used in the wearable device.

In some embodiments, the transmit coil, and thus the inductance L _11, is relatively large compared to the receive coil inductance and its inductance L ₂₂ . When the transmission coil and the reception coil are close to each other, the transmission efficiency is relatively high. At relatively long distances, the efficiency is reduced, however, it remains relatively high compared to other systems, such as systems compliant with the Qi standard. This is illustrated in FIGS.

  In some embodiments, the shape of the inductively coupled magnetic field pattern between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil according to the present invention is substantially omnidirectional, with zero well established at the top and bottom of the coil. May be sex. To form a more unidirectional pattern, the radiation pattern can be directed by placing a coil relative to or near the reflective ground plane.

  FIG. 22 illustrates one example of a magnetic field in a receiver coil when the field lines extending from the transmitter coil and the position of the receiver coil are sufficiently known or predictable (eg, in a typical usage scenario). Show. In such embodiments, directed magnetic flux approach can be used to improve the efficiency of energy transfer.

  Through careful specification of use cases for wearable device charging systems, the wireless power transfer system can be optimized to provide improved arrangements of charging conditions, while the device's generality between charge cycles With respect to duration of use, the form factor is maintained through the reduction in battery size required to charge the device normally. In some applications, it is not necessary to intentionally place the electronic device to facilitate charging. This is because the power transmitted at the distance of the use case is considered adequate to maintain the extraction of energy from the system in the battery.

  The embodiments described herein can use body-mounted repeaters. The use of a body-mounted repeater can, for example, improve system performance and / or alleviate the need for base units and / or wearable electronic devices described herein.

  In general, the body-worn repeaters described herein receive wireless power from a base unit described herein and provide wireless power to one or more wearable electronic devices. It is configured. Wear the body-mounted repeater with the base unit and the wearable (eg, the distance between the body-mounted repeater and the wearable electronic device is less than the distance between the base unit and the wearable electronic device). By placing it between the electronic devices, the range of the entire system can be improved. For example, it may be disadvantageous, impractical, or impossible to supply power from the base unit over the entire distance between the base unit and the wearable electronic device. However, by placing a body-mounted repeater, wireless power can be relayed from the base unit to the wearable electronic device.

  Further, the body-worn repeater can improve the efficiency of wireless power transfer by reducing the orientation dependency between the base unit and the wearable electronic device. For example, the base unit described herein can include a magnetic core and can have improved efficiency with a receiver when in a particular orientation or within a range of orientations. By placing a body-mounted repeater to mediate wireless power transfer, one orientation is provided between the base unit and the body-mounted repeater, and the other orientation is a body-mounted repeater. Provided between the device and the wearable electronic device. Therefore, the direction from the base unit to the body-mounted repeater can be more precisely aligned than the direction from the base unit to the electronic wearable device. The direction from the body-mounted repeater to the electronic wearable device can be more precisely aligned than the direction from the base unit to the electronic wearable device.

  In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater described herein can reduce complexity. If such complexity cannot be reduced, this may be required in the base unit. For example, a single wearable repeater can provide wireless power to multiple wearable electronic devices, and certain wearable electronic devices can have different carrier frequencies and / or (eg, for data transmission). It can have modulation parameters. Examples of body-worn repeaters described herein (eg, using a controller or other processing unit that forms part of a body-worn repeater) Can be adjusted to have different carrier frequencies and / or different frequency modulations based on the ID of the wearable electronic device with which they communicate. In this way, the base unit can use one frequency and / or modulation scheme to supply power to the body-mounted repeater, and the body-mounted repeater can be a variety of wearable electronics. Multiple frequencies and / or modulation schemes can be used to communicate with the device. In some embodiments, this may eliminate the need to provide various frequencies and / or modulation schemes to the base unit itself.

  FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment described herein. System 2300 includes a base unit 2302, a body-mounted repeater 2304, and a wearable electronic device 2306. Body wearable repeater 2304 is configured to receive wireless power from base unit 2302 and to provide wireless power to wearable electronic device 2306.

  Base unit 2302 can be implemented using any embodiment of the base unit described and / or illustrated herein. In general, base unit 2302 can include a transmitter for supplying wireless power, and the transmitter can include a coil with a magnetic core. Furthermore, the base unit 2302 can include a battery connected to the transmitter. Further, the base unit 2302 can include a controller connected to the battery and the transmitter, and is configured to cause the transmitter to selectively transmit power from the battery. Further, the base unit 2302 can include a casing surrounding the transmitter, battery and controller.

  In some embodiments, the base unit 2302 can be formed as a case that can be attached to a mobile communication system, eg, a mobile phone. In some embodiments, the base unit 2302 can be formed as anything that can be worn on the body, eg, attached to a belt, or incorporated into a belt. In some embodiments, the base unit 2302 can be worn by the user, for example in a pocket, necklace, strap, shoe, belt, ankle band, wristband, armband, or of a cellular phone or cell phone It can be attached to one side or the base unit 2302 can be part of them.

  The body-mounted repeater 2304 generally includes a coil that is configured to receive wireless power from the base unit 2302. The coils can be implemented using any of the coils described and / or illustrated herein, including those with a magnetic core. In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 coil may be a flat coil (eg, a planar coil) without a magnetic core. In general, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be implemented using any of the base units described and / or illustrated herein. However, some embodiments of body-mounted repeaters may not include a battery and / or memory. Further, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can include one or more electronic circuits having inductance, capacitance, and resistance. The electronic circuit (s) is selected to match the wearable electronic device 2306 and / or the base unit 2302 and / or to improve alignment with the wearable electronic device 2306 and / or the base unit 2302 Inductance, capacitance and / or resistance.

  In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be implemented using primarily passive components. For example, a body wearable repeater 2304 can capture energy from a transmitter (eg, in base unit 2302) and relay the energy to an electronic wearable device (eg, wearable electronic device 2306). Can be implemented using any resonator that can be used, in which case no further modification or adjustment is required, different from the modification or adjustment caused by the resonance characteristics of the body-mounted repeater. For example, such a repeater may be passive, including a ferrite core wound with wire, one or more capacitive elements (eg, capacitors) and / or one or more resistive elements (eg, resistors). Can be implemented using a resonator consisting of typical components.

  In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can include at least two coils, where one or more coils are selected to receive wireless power from the base unit 2302. And one or more coils are selected to transmit wireless power from the wearable repeater 2304 to the wearable electronic device 2306. In some embodiments, the size and type of coil (eg, a coil with or without a magnetic core, a flat coil, or a coil wound around a core) is used to receive power and / or Or it can be selected to facilitate transmission. Resistors associated with each coil to match a paired transmitter or receiver (e.g., base unit 2302 or wearable electronic device 2306) or improve matching with a paired transmitter or receiver, One or more circuits may be provided to represent capacitance and / or inductance. One or more switches can be included to switch from receiving power by one coil to transmitting power by the other coil. Repeaters according to embodiments that include multiple coils can be designed to optimally transmit wireless power between the coils. In some embodiments, multiple coils can be implemented to have a common core. A body-mounted repeater can be designed to function as a resonator. A repeater that functions as a resonator can have a single coil that supports the same modulation frequency as the base unit and wearable electronic device.

  The body-mounted repeater 2304 includes (although by way of example) one or more antennas, transmitters, coils, ASICs, one or more capacitors, A / D converters, one or more inductors, One or more memory units, energy storage units, which may be volatile or non-volatile, eg rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors (only by way of example), charge pumps to amplify the voltage, and / or 1 A circuit including one or more switches can be included.

  The body wearable repeater 2304 is for adjusting the body wearable repeater 2304 for transmission at a specific frequency and / or the ID of the wearable electronic device 2306 or the body wearable repeater. Circuitry for using a specific modulation scheme based on the ID of other wearable electronic devices with which 2304 may communicate may be included.

  A body-mounted repeater 2304 can be attached to or incorporated into an item that is intended to be worn by the user. For example, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be placed on a ring, watch, bracelet, necklace, earring, hair band, hairpin, shoe, belt, brooch, clip, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be placed in or attached to a mobile communication system (eg, a cellular phone).

  In some embodiments, the body wearable repeater 2304 can house or be attached to the wearable electronic device 2306. In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can include an attachment mechanism for physically attaching to the wearable electronic device 2306.

  The body-mounted repeater 2304 may be mobile. For example, a user who may move, for example, a user who is moving slowly, walking, driving, or flying can wear the body-mounted repeater 2304.

  Wearable electronic device 2306 generally includes a coil that is configured to receive wireless power from a body-mounted repeater 2304. Wearable electronic device 2306 may be implemented using any wearable electronic device described and / or illustrated herein. Any of the coils described and / or illustrated herein can be used to implement wearable electronic device 2306. The coil in the body-mounted repeater 2304 can excite and excite the coil in the wearable electronic device 2306 during operation.

In some embodiments, the wearable electronic device 2306 may be an audio system, a head-up display, a hearing aid, a directional microphone, a camera, a camera system, an infrared imaging system, a night vision aid, a light, one or more sensors, Pedometer, wireless cellular phone, mobile phone, wireless communication system, projector, laser, augmented reality system, virtual reality system, holographic device, radio, sensor, GPS, data storage, power supply, speaker, fall detector, wakefulness monitor, Geolocation device, pulse detection device, gaming device, eye tracking device, pupil monitoring device, alarm, CO ₂ detector, UV meter, contaminated air monitor, bad breath monitor, thermometer, smoke detector, medicine reminder, alcohol detector, switch, Others can be implemented using a combination thereof.

  In some embodiments, the base unit 2302 and / or the body-mounted repeater 2304 may be located indoors, in a vehicle, or in a space near the wearer (eg, the user is body-worn). It is not always necessary to have a repeater installed).

  For example, the base unit 2302 and the wearable electronic device 2306 are arranged such that the distance between the body-mounted repeater 2304 and the wearable electronic device 2306 is shorter than the distance between the base unit 2302 and the wearable electronic device 2306. The body-mounted repeater 2304 can be arranged so that the body-mounted repeater 2304 is positioned between the two. For example, in FIG. 23, the base unit 2302 is attached to the user's belt, while the body-mounted repeater 2304 is attached to the necklace, and the wearable electronic device 2306 is attached to the user. It is placed on eyewear.

  In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be positioned within the 0.1 mm to 60 cm range of the wearable electronic device 2306. In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater 2304 can be placed within the 0.1 mm to 30 cm range of the wearable electronic device 2306.

  In general, the coil included in the body-mounted repeater 2304 for receiving power from the base unit 2302 is a wearable electronic device used to receive power from the body-mounted repeater 2304. It may be larger than the coil included in device 2306. For example, the diameter of the coil used in the body-mounted repeater 2304 to receive power from the base unit 2302 is the electronic device 2306 used to receive power from the body-mounted repeater 2304. It may be larger than the diameter of the coil. For example, the length, or width, or both the length and width of the coil used in the body-mounted repeater 2304 to receive power from the base unit 2302 is the power from the body-mounted repeater 2304. May be greater than the length, or width, or both the length and width of the coil in electronic device 2306 used to receive. A repeater having multiple coils can be designed to optimally transmit wireless power between the coils. In some embodiments, multiple coils can be implemented to have a common core. The larger size of the coil used to receive power from the base unit can ease the requirements on the base unit for power transmission. For example, the base unit is as small as a coil provided in a wearable electronic device (eg, on the order of a few millimeters in some embodiments and on the order of a few centimeters in other embodiments). It is not necessary to supply the coil with wireless power. Instead, the base unit in some embodiments is only required to provide power to the larger coil provided on the body-mounted repeater. Body-mounted repeaters may be larger (eg, on the order of a few centimeters or more in some embodiments).

  In general, wireless power can be transmitted from the base unit 2302 to the body-mounted repeater 2304 and from the body-mounted repeater 2304 to the wearable electronic device 2306 using a frequency that is safe for the human body. . In some embodiments, frequencies between 100 kHz and 130 kHz can be used. In some embodiments, a frequency of 125 kHz ± 2 kHz can be used. In some embodiments, a frequency of 125 kHz ± 3 kHz can be used. In some embodiments, a frequency of 125 kHz ± 5 kHz can be used.

  In FIG. 23, a single wearable electronic device 2306 is shown. However, more than one wearable electronic device 2306 may be provided in the system according to the embodiment and may receive wireless power from the body-mounted repeater 2304. A system according to an embodiment can include a plurality of wearable electronic devices, each of which includes a coil for receiving wireless power from a body-mounted repeater 2304.

  FIG. 23 shows a single body-mounted repeater 2304. However, systems according to some embodiments use more than one body-mounted repeater 2304, not intended to be limited, but 2, 3, 4 or 5 body-mounted repeaters. It is understood that it can be done. In this case, each body-mounted repeater can supply wireless power to another body-mounted repeater, and ultimately at least one of the body-mounted repeaters is Wireless power can be supplied to certain wearable electronic devices.

  Devices according to embodiments described herein can include a coil incorporated into a support member (eg, band, cord, casing). The support member can at least partially define one or more openings or can have a shape for receiving or receiving an electronic device. In some embodiments, an electrical connection can be provided between the coil and the electronic device (eg, the opening can provide one or more electrical connections to the electronic device). ). In some embodiments, an electrical connection can be provided between the coil and the electronic device by simply having the electronic device in the vicinity of the coil, for example, the electronic device is present in the opening. The coil can be inductively coupled to the electronic device.

  FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a band that can include a repeater and / or a wearable electronic device, according to embodiments described herein.

  Device 2400 includes a band 2406, a coil 2402, and an opening 2404. Band 2406 defines opening 2404.

  Band 2406 can be implemented, for example, by a wristband, watch band, fitness monitor band, lag band, armband, headband, bracelet, necklace, ring, or other wearable item.

  The coil 2402 can be incorporated into the band 2406, for example, by being embedded in the band, supported by the band, attached to the band, or by other built-in mechanisms. In some embodiments, coil 2402 can be implemented as an antenna. The antennas described herein can be implemented using omnidirectional and / or phased array antennas.

  Band 2406 can define an opening 2404. The opening 2404 can be sized to accommodate, contain or support an electronic device. For example, the electronic device can be snapped into the opening 2404. When placed in the opening 2404 (eg, “snapped in”), the electronic device can communicate with the coil 2402 via a direct or indirect electrical connection. In this manner, in some embodiments, coil 2402 can be used as an antenna for wearable electronic device 2306. In some embodiments, a band 2406 with a coil 2402 may be used to implement a repeater as described herein, eg, to implement the body-mounted repeater 2304 of FIG. Can do. In some embodiments, one or more circuits used to operate the repeater can be housed in the opening 2404.

  Although the band 2406 is shown in FIG. 24 as defining an opening 2404, in some embodiments, the support member can define a void for housing an electronic device. A recess for receiving the device can be included, an attachment mechanism for attaching to the electronic device can be included, and / or a recess or a bay for receiving the electronic device can be defined.

  Band 2406 can be formed of any material. In some embodiments, the band 2406 can be formed from a hypoallergenic material.

  In FIG. 24, a single opening 2404 is shown to accommodate a single electronic device, but in another embodiment a band or other support member accommodates multiple electronic devices. Or it can be supported, or multiple electronic devices can be attached to a band or other support member. Thus, in some embodiments, multiple openings can be provided, and in some embodiments can be provided by band 2406.

  An electronic device disposed in the opening 2404 can be charged by conventional inductive charging via a coil 2402 in the band 2406, where the physical interface between the band 2406 and the electronic device is , Each of which can be a positive electrode or a negative electrode. In some embodiments, an electronic device disposed in the opening 2404 can be charged using inductive coupling between the electronic device's charging interface and the band 2406. In some embodiments, this coupling can be optimized if the exact position and load of the coils in each device can be fixed. The location and load within the electronic device can be specified in an integrated circuit design (ICD) for band 2406.

  The coil 2402 of the band 2406 can be charged from a base unit (eg, the base unit 2302 of FIG. 23) via wireless power transfer according to the embodiments described herein. In some embodiments, the base unit (eg, base unit 2302) can include a proximity sensor, which can provide the position and approximate orientation of the band 2406 with respect to the base unit. The resonator load on the base unit can be dynamically adjusted to maximize and / or enhance the resonant coupling between the two units. A prediction algorithm can be executed in the microcontroller in the base unit to estimate the relative movement of the band with respect to the base unit, and a correction can be applied to the dynamic load in the resonator of the base unit.

  Device 2400 can be implemented as a repeater separate from the electronic wearable device, or can be implemented as an antenna connected to the electronic wearable device.

  FIG. 25 is a flow chart representing a method prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein.

  The method 2500 includes placing a base unit in the vicinity of a body-mounted repeater 2502, wirelessly transmitting power 2504 from the base unit to the body-mounted repeater, and wearable electronics from the body-mounted repeater. Wirelessly transmitting 2506 power to the device.

  The method 2500 may be performed using the system 2300 of FIG. 23 and / or using the device 2400 of FIG.

  In some embodiments, placing the base unit in the vicinity of the body-mounted repeater 2502 can be performed using the base unit, eg, using the base unit 2302 of FIG. The base unit can include a transmitter coil for wirelessly transmitting power to the receiver coil of the body-mounted repeater. In some embodiments, placing the base unit in the vicinity of the body-mounted repeater 2502 may be such that the distance between the base unit and the body-mounted repeater is less than the charging range of the base unit. This includes arranging the base unit to be.

  In general, the charging range represents the distance over which power is significantly transferred from one device to the other.

  In some embodiments, placing the base unit in the vicinity of the body-mounted repeater 2502 includes mounting the base unit. For example, the base unit can be attached to a belt, necklace, armband, legband, mobile phone or other communication system, hat, clothing, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the base unit can be carried in a briefcase, hand, wallet, pocket, backpack, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the base unit can be implemented using a case attached to a mobile phone or other communication system. In some embodiments, placing the base unit in the vicinity of the body-mounted repeater 2502 may place the base unit indoors, in a car, in an aircraft, or elsewhere near the user. Can be included.

  In some embodiments, the body-mounted repeater is a ring, watch, bracelet, necklace, earring, hair band, hairpin, shoes, belt, brooch, clip, hat, helmet, band, strap, or their It can be implemented in combination or can be implemented as such.

  In some examples, the method 2500 can include housing the wearable electronic device in a body wearable repeater or attaching the wearable electronic device to the body wearable repeater. For example, a body-mounted repeater, such as device 2400, can define an opening for receiving a wearable electronic device. The wearable electronic device can be snapped to the body-mounted repeater, attached to the body-mounted repeater, or placed on the body-mounted repeater.

  In some embodiments, wirelessly transmitting power 2504 from the base unit to the body-mounted repeater may be performed while the base unit remains within the charging range of the body-mounted repeater. Wireless transmission of power from the body to a body-mounted repeater.

  In some embodiments, the wearable electronic device 2306 of FIG. 23 may be used to perform the method 2500. The wearable electronic device can include a receive coil.

  In some embodiments, the distance between the body-mounted repeater and the wearable electronic device is shorter than the distance between the base unit and the wearable electronic device.

  In some embodiments, wirelessly transferring power 2506 from the body-mounted repeater to the wearable electronic device is from a body-mounted repeater that is smaller than a charging range of the body-mounted repeater. Wearing a wearable electronic device within distance may be included. For example, a body-mounted repeater can be worn as a necklace, and a wearable electronic device can be worn on or near the head, neck or shoulder, while the base unit is Or it can be placed or worn near the lower body. Wirelessly transferring power 2506 from the body-mounted repeater to the wearable electronic device can include exciting a coil in the wearable electronic device with a coil of the body-mounted repeater.

  In some embodiments, wirelessly transmitting power 2504 from the base unit to the body-mounted repeater is a distance from the body-mounted repeater that is less than a charging range of the body-mounted repeater. Within, it may include carrying a body-mounted repeater and a wearable electronic device. For example, a necklace, armband, wristband or watch containing a body-mounted repeater, for example, by moving the necklace with the user's hand or bringing the user's arm closer to the wearable electronic device ( For example, it can be lifted closer to the wearable electronic device by carrying it closer to the head, neck or shoulder.

  In some embodiments, the method includes wirelessly transmitting power from a body-mounted repeater to a plurality of wearable electronic devices. Each of the plurality of wearable electronic devices may include a separate receive coil, and each of the separate receive coils of the wearable electronic device may be smaller than the receive coil of the body-mounted repeater. The distance between the specific or all wearable electronic devices and the body-mounted repeater may be shorter than the distance between the specific or all wearable electronic devices and the base unit.

  The method 2500 can include wearing a body-mounted repeater and wearing or carrying the base unit and wearable electronic device.

  FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a system prepared according to the embodiments described herein. System 2600 can include a transmitter 2602 and a receiver 2604. The transmitter 2602 can include a transmitter coil 2606, a circuit 2610, and a battery 2614. The receiver 2604 can include a receiver coil 2608 and a circuit 2610. In some embodiments, transmitter 2602, receiver 2604, and / or system 2600 may include additional components. For example, transmitter 2602 can include one antenna. In some embodiments, multiple antennas and / or coils can be included in transmitter 2602.

  A transmitter 2602 can be used to provide wireless power to the receiver 2604. In general, transmitter 2602 may be implemented using any of the base units described herein. Receiver 2604 can be implemented using any of the electronic devices described herein, including wearable electronic devices such as, but not limited to, cameras, sensors, or hearing aids. Although a single receiver 2604 is shown in FIG. 26, any number of receivers may be used in system 2600. Transmitter 2602 may provide wireless power to one or more receivers in system 2600. In some embodiments, one or more receivers can send data or other signals back to transmitter 2602.

  The transmitter 2602 includes a transmitter coil 2606, a circuit 2610, and a battery 2614. The transmitter can have any form factor. For example, a base unit according to embodiments described herein can be implemented in a case for a mobile communication device, such as a cellular phone. In another embodiment, transmitter 2602 can be included in the casing and can be used to power the device. The transmitter 2602 can be implemented, for example, in a casing having a thin circular form factor (eg, a form factor similar to a makeup compact). In some embodiments, the casing used to implement the transmitter 2602 may place the receiver 2604 in or on the transmitter 2602 to support the receiver, for example. It may have a recess, cavity, or other receiving surface to support the receiver 2604 in possible embodiments. However, in general, a separation distance may exist between the transmitter coil 2606 and the receiver coil 2608.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter 2602 can transmit between 1 microwatt and 100 watts of power. In some embodiments, when transmission is made to a receiver of an electronic wearable device that can be worn on the human body, the energy transmitted is considered to be 10 watts or less. In general, the amount of power transmitted is considered to be below limits set by a regulatory agency, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FFC), for RF energy exposure. For example, the amount of power transmitted is less than 0.08 W / kg of the user in some embodiments, less than 0.4 W / kg of the user in some embodiments, and less than the user's in some embodiments. It is considered to be less than 1.6 W / kg and in some embodiments less than 8 W / kg for the user. In some embodiments, the strength of the magnetic field used at a particular frequency may be less than the limit allowed by a rule that complies with, for example, the ETSI-30 rule. For example, the ETSI-30 standard permits 6 dBμA / m at 10 m at a frequency between 119 kHz and 135 kHz.

  The transmitter coil 2606 can be implemented by using a magnetic metal core (eg, a rod of magnetic material) in the winding. The magnetic metal core can be implemented using a ferrite material. The magnetic metal core can be shaped to have a length longer than its width. The magnetic metal core can be shaped to have a length longer than its diameter. The winding can be implemented using, for example, stranded wire, litz wire and / or copper wire. A litz wire generally represents a wire that includes a number of thin strands that are individually insulated and knitted together. In some embodiments, litz wire can be used to reduce resistance losses due to skin or proximity effects in the coil. This may allow higher Q values in some embodiments. The transmit coil embodiments described herein (see, eg, FIGS. 15A-15C and 16A-16C) can be used to implement the transmitter coil 2606.

  In some embodiments, transmission is performed using one or more planar (eg, flat) coils adjacent to one or more planar (eg, flat) magnetic material structures. An instrument coil 2606 may be implemented. Separated receivers (eg, receiver coil 2608) can use coil wire wound around a magnetic material core. The magnetic material core is merely an example, but may be in the form of a rod.

  The battery 2614 can store power for transmission by the transmitter coil 2606. In some embodiments, the battery 2614 can receive charge from the wired connection during the charging mode of the transmitter 2602. In some embodiments, transmitter 2602 can charge battery 2614 using energy harvested from the surrounding environment (eg, solar energy, wind energy, vibrational energy, and / or thermal energy). Energy harvesting circuitry and / or sensors.

  The circuit 2610 can control power transmission from the transmitter coil 2606. The circuit 2610 can have an impedance, which in some embodiments is adjustable. In general, transmitter 2602 may have an impedance (eg, the impedance of transmitter coil 2606 and circuit 2610). In some embodiments, the impedance of transmitter 2602 can be adjusted by selecting and / or adjusting the impedance of circuit 2610. The circuit 2610 has an impedance set by one or more inductive elements such as inductors, one or more capacitive elements such as capacitors, and / or one or more resistive elements such as resistors. Can do. Any or all of these elements can be adjusted. In some embodiments, the circuit 2610 can include a tuning capacitor containing a dielectric material.

  In some embodiments, the frequency and / or frequency provided by the transmitter (eg, at the base station) so that the resonant coupling between the two devices, the transmitter and receiver, is improved or maximized. Alternatively, the load (eg, impedance) can be adjusted dynamically. This process can be referred to as adaptive tuning. The transmitter 2602 may include a microcontroller or other (one or more) processing unit (eg, a processor) that estimates the relative movement of the receiver relative to the transmitter and also In order to apply a correction to the dynamic load or frequency at, a prediction algorithm can be executed. In some embodiments, a proximity sensor may be provided at the transmitter 2602 or a base station according to another embodiment. The proximity sensor can detect the position and approximate orientation of the receiver with respect to the transmitter for use in applying adjustments and / or corrections at the transmitter with respect to power coupling. In general, any component that can adjust the electromagnetic frequency, its amplitude, or its phase by changing its reactance, resistance, capacitance or inductance can be used. For example, one or more ASICs. The tuning process can be controlled by a signal analyzer that determines the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, the relative alignment between the transmitter and the receiver (eg, the transmitter core). Caused by the attachment or removal of a power source or sink (e.g. load) in a transmitter or receiver (e.g. repeater and / or electronic wearable device) and / or The signals from one or more sensors that detect changes in electrical characteristics of the transmitter and receiver electrical circuits that may be monitored can be monitored and analyzed.

  In some embodiments, both the transmitter and receiver (eg, repeaters and / or wearable devices) may be moving (eg, moving relative to each other). In some embodiments, one or more processing units, eg, an ASIC, and / or one or more embedded processors are used to estimate relative movement, one of the transmitting device and the receiving device. Or both can be provided. The device can include additional sensors for estimating movement, such as but not limited to accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement devices, or distance measurement devices ( Ultrasonic distance measuring devices, optical distance measuring devices, etc.). Algorithms for estimating movement and relative movement include (but are not intended to be limited): Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, Savitzky-Golay filter, phase-locked loop, time of flight (ToF) estimation method, phase shift It is believed that estimation methods and coherent interference processing are included.

  The alignment of the transmitter and receiver (eg, the transmit coil core and the receive coil core described herein) is merely an example, but the use of a coil array in the transmitter (eg, base unit). Or through the use of phased antenna arrays in transmitters (eg base units) and receivers (eg repeaters and / or wearable electronic devices) or by the use of piezoelectric devices or other similar devices Or it can be done via antenna alignment or via an indicator to the user. Accordingly, the base unit, transmitter and / or receiver described herein can be provided with an indicator (eg, a light, speaker), which can be provided between the transmitter and the receiver (eg, An indication (eg, light or sound) based on proximity and / or relative angle (between the transmit coil core and the receive coil core described herein) is provided. For example, the transmitter can be optimized to provide power transmission at a particular angle and / or distance to the receiver, and for power transmission where the transmitter and receiver can be in a predetermined range. Circuitry and / or processing unit (s) may be provided to control the indicator to provide an indication when at a certain distance and / or angle.

  The receiver coil 2608 can be implemented by using a magnetic metal core (eg, a rod of magnetic material) in the winding. The magnetic metal core can be implemented using a ferrite material. The magnetic metal core can be shaped to have a length longer than its width. The magnetic metal core can be shaped to have a length longer than its diameter. The winding can be implemented using, for example, stranded wire, litz wire, and / or copper wire. The coil embodiments described herein can be used to implement the receiver coil 2608. Examples of dimensions for the receiver coil 2608 include 20 mm length x 3 mm diameter in some embodiments, 40 mm length x 6 mm diameter in some embodiments, and 80 mm length in some embodiments. X A diameter of 12 mm is included.

  Receiver coil 2608 may be implemented using one or more planar (eg, flat) coils adjacent to a planar (eg, flat) one or more magnetic material structures. An isolated transmitter (eg, transmitter coil 2606) can be implemented using coil wire wound around a magnetic material core. The magnetic material core is merely an example, but may be in the form of a rod.

  Circuit 2612 can control the reception by receiver coil 2608 of the power transmitted by transmitter coil 2606. In general, receiver 2604 can have an impedance (eg, the impedance of receiver coil 2608 and circuit 2612). In some embodiments, the impedance of transmitter 2602 can be adjusted by selecting and / or adjusting the impedance of circuit 2612. Circuit 2612 has an impedance set by one or more inductive elements, such as inductors, one or more capacitive elements, such as capacitors, and / or one or more resistive elements, such as resistors. Can do. Any or all of these elements can be adjusted. In some embodiments, the circuit 2612 can include a tuning capacitor containing a dielectric material.

  Receiver 2604 and transmitter 2602 (eg, receiver coil 2608 and transmitter coil 2606) can be separated by a distance according to the embodiments described herein. This distance may be in the order of millimeters in some embodiments, in the order of centimeters in some embodiments, and in the order of meters in some embodiments.

  In general, the transmitter coil 2606 may be longer than the receiver coil 2608 in some embodiments, so that the base unit is used to charge a relatively small device (eg, a wearable electronic device). Can be used. In some embodiments, the volume of the transmitter magnetic metal core of the transmitter coil 2606 is more than ten times greater than the volume of the magnetic metal core of the receiver coil 2608, and in some embodiments the receiver coil 2608 is larger. The volume of the magnetic metal core is at least 100 times greater, and in some embodiments, is at least 1,000 times greater than the volume of the magnetic metal core of the receiver coil 2608. In some embodiments, the winding length of transmitter coil 2606 is more than ten times longer than the winding of receiver coil 2608, and in some embodiments, the winding length of receiver coil 2608. It is more than 100 times longer, or in some embodiments, more than 1,000 times longer than the windings of the receiver coil 2608.

  In some embodiments, system 2600 can transmit and receive power at a frequency that is advantageously safe for the human body. In some embodiments, transmitter 2602 is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 100 kHz to 200 kHz. In some embodiments, transmitter 2602 is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 125 kHz ± 3 kHz. In some embodiments, a transmitter 2602 configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 125 kHz ± 5 kHz may be used. In some embodiments, transmitter 2602 is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 6.75 MHz ± 5 MHz. Operating at a specific frequency (eg, transmission of power at a specific frequency), in some embodiments, uses a carrier frequency at a specific frequency or frequency range by circuit 2610 and / or circuit 2612 in some embodiments. Represents. In order to achieve operation at a particular frequency and / or frequency range, the circuit 2610 and / or circuit 2612 can include an inverter circuit.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver impedances are optimally matched for a particular separation between the transmitter and receiver, and optimized for all other separations. Not. In some embodiments, optimally matched, power transmission efficiency can be maximized at a particular separation (eg, 95% or more, 90% or more, 85% or more, 80% Or more than another threshold in other embodiments). The transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be selected to be optimally matched during power transmission at a particular distance. For example, a particular distance can be selected according to the general use case for transmitter 2602 and / or receiver 2604. For example, a specific distance can be selected based on the distance between the transmitter coil 2606 and the receiver coil 2608 expected during normal use (eg, the transmitter 2602 is designed to be placed on a table). And the receiver 2604 is designed to be located within a specific distance, this distance is considered to be the specific distance used to optimally match the impedance ). In another embodiment, transmitter 2602 is designed to be worn on a first location, such as a user's belt, and receiver 2604 is worn on a second location, such as a user's eyewear. Specific distances are typical distances between their first and second positions (eg, the distance between the user's belt and eyewear). Or the distance between the user's general belt and eyewear).

ここで、Ｑ₁は、送信器２６０２のＱ値であり、Ｑ₂は、受信器２６０４のＱ値であり、また、ｋは、結合係数である。一般的に、この実施例における結合が強くなるほど、システム２６００の伝送効率も高くなる。効率は、システム２６００の実施例においては、送信器コイル２６０６と受信器コイル２６０８との間の距離と、コイルの大きさと、の比率に依存すると考えられる。一般的に、システムＱ値は、送信器２６０２のＱ値および受信器２６０４のＱ値の幾何平均であってよい。 In general, power transfer efficiency may be a function of the Q values of transmitter 2602 and receiver 2604. The power transfer efficiency can be expressed according to the following equation:

Here, Q ₁ is a Q value of the transmitter 2602, Q ₂ is a Q value of the receiver 2604, and k is a coupling coefficient. In general, the stronger the coupling in this embodiment, the higher the transmission efficiency of the system 2600. The efficiency is believed to depend on the ratio of the distance between the transmitter coil 2606 and the receiver coil 2608 to the coil size in the system 2600 embodiment. In general, the system Q value may be a geometric mean of the Q value of the transmitter 2602 and the Q value of the receiver 2604.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be optimally matched for at least two specific separations between the transmitter and receiver, and for all other separations. Their impedance may not be optimized. Impedance can be optimally matched for two specific distances in some embodiments, for three specific distances in some embodiments, or for other numbers of distances in other embodiments. it can. In some embodiments, optimally matched, power transmission efficiency can be maximized at a particular separation (eg, 95% or more, 90% or more, 85% or more, 80% Or more than another threshold in other embodiments). Circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can have at least two settings to achieve optimal impedance matching at at least two distances (eg, one set of settings is One can be used at one distance and the other set can be used at a second distance). Another set of settings can be used where the additional distance can be optimally matched. In order to select an appropriate impedance value, the circuit 2610, or the circuit 2612, or both the circuit 2610 and the circuit 2612 are values related to adjustable elements of the circuit (eg, adjustable capacitor (s)). Can be selected to achieve the desired impedance value.

  For example, a particular distance can be selected according to the general use case for transmitter 2602 and / or receiver 2604. For embodiments where the transmitter 2602 is located at a first location (eg, the user's belt), the receiver 2604 is typically considered to be found at a plurality of different distances from the first location. (E.g., if receiver 2604 is implemented using a camera, receiver 2604 may be located in the user's eyewear worn on the face at a first distance from the first position). For example, it may be located in the user's pocket at a second distance from the first position, for example). Circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or a combination thereof can adjust its impedance based on, for example, a sensor readout that represents the distance between transmitter 2602 and receiver 2604. For example, circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can have one impedance value for use at one distance and the other impedance value for use at the other distance.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be optimally matched for multiple separations using automatic iterative impedance optimization. For example, circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can perform automatic iterative impedance optimization.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter impedance and receiver impedance may be a specific relative orientation between transmitter 2602 and receiver 2604 (eg, between transmitter coil 2606 and receiver coil 2608). With respect to all other relative orientations, their impedance may not be optimized. In some embodiments, optimally matched, power transfer efficiency can be maximized in a particular relative orientation (eg, 95% or more, 90% or more, 85% or more, 80% or higher, or in other embodiments, other thresholds or higher). Transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be selected to be optimally matched during power transfer in a particular relative orientation. For example, specific relative orientations can be selected according to common use cases for transmitter 2602 and / or receiver 2604. For example, a particular relative orientation can be selected based on the distance between the transmitter coil 2606 and the receiver coil 2608 that can be expected during normal use (eg, the transmitter 2602 is in a table). If it is designed to be positioned and the receiver 2604 is designed to be positioned relative to the transmitter in place, the resulting orientation will optimize the impedance The specific relative orientation used to match the In another embodiment, transmitter 2602 is designed to be worn on a first location, such as a user's belt, and receiver 2604 is worn on a second location, such as a user's eyewear. Specific relative orientations are generally expected from the devices located at their first and second positions (eg, that of the user). Relative orientation between devices placed on the belt and eyewear, or relative orientation between devices placed on the user's general belt and eyewear).

  In some embodiments, the transmitter and receiver impedances can be optimally matched with respect to at least two specific relative orientations between the transmitter and receiver, and all other relative For specific orientations, their impedance may not be optimized. Impedance is optimal with respect to two relative orientations in some embodiments, three relative orientations in some embodiments, or another number of relative orientations in other embodiments Can be matched. In some embodiments, optimally matched, power transfer efficiency can be maximized in a particular relative orientation (eg, 95% or more, 90% or more, 85% or more, 80% or higher, or in other embodiments, other thresholds or higher). Circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can have at least two settings to achieve optimum impedance matching in at least two relative orientations (eg, one of the settings). The set can be used in one relative orientation and the other set can be used in a second relative orientation). Another set of settings can be used where additional relative orientations can be optimally aligned. In order to select an appropriate impedance value, the circuit 2610, or the circuit 2612, or both the circuit 2610 and the circuit 2612 are values related to adjustable elements of the circuit (eg, adjustable capacitor (s)). Can be selected to achieve the desired impedance value.

  For example, a plurality of specific relative orientations can be selected according to the general use case for transmitter 2602 and / or receiver 2604. For embodiments in which the transmitter 2602 is located at a first location (eg, a user's belt), the receiver 2604 is typically found at a plurality of different locations relative to the first location. (E.g., if the receiver 2604 is implemented using a camera, the receiver 2604 may have the user's eye attached to the face in a first relative orientation from the first position). Or in a user's pocket in a second relative orientation from the first position, for example). Circuit 2610 or circuit 2612, or a combination thereof, can adjust its impedance based on, for example, a sensor readout that represents the relative orientation between transmitter 2602 and receiver 2604. For example, circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can have one impedance value for use in one relative orientation and the other impedance value for use in the other relative orientation. Can have.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance can be optimally matched for multiple relative orientations using automatic iterative impedance optimization. For example, circuit 2610, or circuit 2612, or both circuit 2610 and circuit 2612 can perform automatic iterative impedance optimization. Various circuit techniques may be used to achieve iterative impedance optimization, including but not limited to tapping and / or active circuit approaches.

  In some embodiments, transmitter impedance and receiver impedance are used, eg, using an actuator controlled by an algorithm (eg, using a controller, custom circuitry, and / or a programmed computing system). ) Can be automatically adjusted to the preset value (s) or target values required for optimal transmission efficiency at a specific distance or in a specific orientation. The algorithm can be implemented using firmware or on-board software in transmitter and receiver electronics, including, for example, ASICs, microcontrollers or programmable field arrays. The preset value or target value (s) can be stored in a lookup table used by the algorithm.

  In some embodiments, transmitters and receivers can be equipped with telemetering capabilities so that transmitters and receivers can wirelessly exchange information about their location and / or orientation. Can do. The data can then be used by an optimization program to calculate transmitter and receiver impedances for optimal wireless transmission efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. In some embodiments, the optimization program can include automatic iterative impedance optimization.

  Receiver 2604 and transmitter 2602 can be loosely coupled.

  Generally speaking, for wireless energy transfer between a transmitter and a receiver, the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is greater than the wavelength of electromagnetic energy used to perform the wireless energy transfer process. It includes much longer far field transmissions. In some embodiments, the distance between the transmitter and receiver is also much longer than the diameter or length of the coil in the receiver.

  System 2600 may be a weak resonant system having a Q value less than 100. However, in some embodiments, the Q value may be 100 or greater. The system Q value is the Q value of the transmitter 2602 and the receiver 2604 (eg, the Q value of the circuit 2610 for the transmitter coil 2606 and / or the transmitter 2602 and the receiver coil 2608 and / or the receiver 2604 It may be the geometric mean of the Q value of the circuit 2612. Resistance loss in circuit 2610 and / or circuit 2612 can affect the system Q value. By selecting the appropriate wire and winding scheme for transmitter coil 2606 and / or receiver coil 2608, the system Q value can be selected. Generally, a weak resonant system has a lower system Q value than a strong resonant system. To achieve a weak resonant system (eg, a Q of less than 100), a Q value can be selected.

  Weak resonance means that the transmitter and remote receiver of the wireless power transfer system are not impedance matched, however, they are designed to resonate at the same frequency so that the wireless power system is less than 100 It is believed that this represents an example of using a Q value of less than 1, and in certain cases using a Q value of less than 50, and in some cases using a Q value of less than 10.

  FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of four designs of transmitters prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein. In general, multiple transmitter coils (e.g., magnetic cores) can be used in a transmitter according to the embodiments described herein. By providing multiple transmitter coils in different orientations, in some embodiments, the orientation independence of the system according to the embodiments described herein can be improved.

  In some embodiments, wireless charging using a single power source can cause some orientation dependence. The use of wire wound around a ferrite core in the embodiments described herein can create a reasonable magnetic field distribution for charging, but even to a good single power transmitter, to some extent There is a possibility that the direction dependency of Thus, by using multiple transmitters, in some embodiments, it can help reduce the orientation dependency of the wireless power supply capability.

  The embodiments described herein are weak resonant wireless powers having a plurality of transmit coils, each of which can be implemented using a ferrite core wound with wire as described herein. A system can be provided. As used herein, weak resonance generally refers to transmitters and remote receivers in a wireless power transfer system that are not impedance matched, however, are designed to resonate at the same frequency. So that the wireless power system uses a Q value less than 100 in some embodiments, a Q value less than 50 in some embodiments, and some In these embodiments, a Q value of less than 10 is used. Multiple transmit coils can be driven to form an improved omnidirectional radiation pattern over time. Such a system allows the receiver system to be much smaller with respect to the orientation, since the receiver coil can be much smaller than the transmitter coil used in the transmitter according to the embodiments described herein. It can be insensitive or the receiving system can have improved orientation insensitivity. A small receiver coil (eg, wire wound around a ferrite core receiver) can be considered substantially embedded within the rotating magnetic field provided by the larger transmitter coil. This allows the receiver to have a wide range of orientation relative to the transmitter, or to have an improved range, and still receive a significant amount of energy from the transmitter. Can be received.

  A transmitter according to an embodiment can include at least two wires wound as a magnetic coil around a ferromagnetic core, which are arranged in a predetermined position in space in a predetermined orientation; and Driven in a phase-controlled manner to remove and / or reduce the unidirectionality of the magnetic field while forming a rotating magnetic field over time.

  The transmitter 2702 includes a battery 2704, a coil 2706, a coil 2708, and a coil 2710. Coils 2706, 2708 and 2710 have rod-shaped cores that are arranged to extend radially away from the center of transmitter 2702, with each rod-shaped core spaced 120 ° from each other. have. Coils 2706, 2708 and 2710 can be implemented using wire wound around a ferrite core source as described herein. Coils 2706, 2708, and 2710 may be placed on a single power source, for example, but not limited to, rechargeable battery 2704. Coils 2706, 2708 and 2710 can be driven continuously to block the nearly static unidirectional magnetic field pattern that can occur when the sources are driven in phase.

  FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a drive sequence that can be used to drive a transmitter designed in accordance with the embodiment described herein and designed as shown in the embodiment of FIG. For example, the drive sequence 3102 can be used to drive the coil of the transmitter 2702. A drive sequence 3102 represents a drive signal supplied to the coils 2706, 2708 and 2710. A continuous pulse, in the embodiment of FIG. 31, a square wave (although other shaped pulses can be used) is supplied to coils 2706, 2708 and 2710. In some embodiments, the pulses supplied to each coil 2706, 2708 and 2710 are arranged in order so that the pulses do not overlap in time, however, in some embodiments there is overlap. It may be. In general, however, the drive sequence 3102 is selected to provide a magnetic field that is generally omnidirectional and / or rotating, or having improved omnidirectional and / or rotation. Can do. In some embodiments, the peak of the drive signal supplied to each of the three coils in the embodiment of transmitter 2702 can be provided at different times.

  The transmitter 2712 includes a battery 2714, a coil 2716 and a coil 2718. Coils 2716 and 2718 can be implemented using wire wound around a ferrite core source as described herein. Two coils 2716 and 2718 can be placed on either side of the power source, here the battery 2714. Coils 2716 and 2718 are oriented parallel to each other and are spaced apart at transmitter 2712. The coil 2716 and the coil 2718 can be driven continuously. A drive sequence 3104 for driving the coils 2716 and 2718 is shown in FIG. A continuous pulse, in the embodiment of FIG. 31, a square wave (although other shaped pulses can be used) is supplied to coils 2716 and 2718. In some embodiments, the pulses are arranged in order so that the pulses supplied to each coil 2716 and 2718 do not overlap in time, however, in some embodiments there is overlap. Also good. In general, however, the drive sequence 3104 is selected to provide a magnetic field that is generally omnidirectional and / or rotating, or having improved omnidirectional and / or rotation. Can do. In some embodiments, the peak of the drive signal supplied to each of the two coils in the transmitter 2712 embodiment can be provided at different times.

  The transmitter 2720 includes a battery 2722, a coil 2724 and a coil 2726. Coils 2724 and 2726 can be implemented using wire wound around a ferrite core source as described herein. Two coils 2724 and 2726 can be placed on the power source, here the battery 2722. Coil 2724 and coil 2726 are oriented 90 degrees perpendicular to each other. Coil 2724 and coil 2726 are shown aligned along one side of coil 2724 and coil 2726; however, in another embodiment, coil 2724 extends from the central portion of coil 2726. Or, conversely, the coil 2726 can be positioned to extend from the central portion of the coil 2724. Coil 2724 and coil 2726 can be driven continuously. A drive sequence 3106 for driving the coils 2724 and 2726 is shown in FIG. A continuous pulse, in the embodiment of FIG. 31, a square wave (although other shaped pulses can be used) is provided to coils 2724 and 2726. In some embodiments, the pulses are arranged in order so that the pulses supplied to each coil 2724 and 2726 do not overlap in time, however, in some embodiments there is overlap. Also good. In general, however, the drive sequence 3106 is selected to provide a magnetic field that is generally omnidirectional and / or rotating, or having improved omnidirectional and / or rotation. Can do. In some embodiments, the peak of the drive signal supplied to each of the two coils in the embodiment of transmitter 2720 can be provided at different times.

  Transmitter 2728 includes a battery 2730, a coil 2732 and a coil 2734. Coil 2732 and coil 2734 are oriented perpendicular to each other and overlap at the central portion. Coils 2732 and 2734 can be implemented using wire wound around a ferrite core source as described herein. In some embodiments, coil 2732 and coil 2734 can be formed using a single cross-shaped core. Coils 2732 and 2734 can be placed on a power source, here a battery 2730.

  Another coil configuration is arranged to surround the four sides of the power supply and is topologically or continuously in a manner similar to that described with reference to the configurations of FIGS. It can be used in another embodiment that includes four coils that are driven. Another embodiment includes two coils arranged in a 90 ° crossed pattern and driven with phases 90 ° shifted from each other (eg, as shown in transmitter 2728). It is out.

  All coils shown in FIG. 27 are implemented using a core of magnetic material (eg, ferrite) surrounded by windings (eg, strand wire, litz wire, copper wire, or combinations thereof). Can do.

  In general, the receive coil used to receive power from the transmitter shown in FIG. 27 is considered to be much smaller than the coil used in the transmitter. The coupling between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil may be loosely coupled as described herein, and the overall size of each coil (eg, transmitter and receiver) may be reduced to a magnetic core (eg, It can be reduced using a ferrite core). A wireless power system may have a Q value less than 100, in some cases less than 50, and in some cases less than 10. Thus, the wireless power system according to the embodiments described herein may be weakly resonant.

  Material (eg, ferrite) core material permeability, core size, number of turns, and wire type to produce a desired inductance with a selected capacitance to form a resonant receiver coil or resonant transmitter coil , The transmitter and / or receiver design can be optimized. This can be expressed by the formula 2πF = 1 / sqrt (L * C).

  Where L is the inductance, C is the system capacitance, and F is the resonant frequency.

  In this manner, a resonant LC circuit can be provided on the transmitter side and the receiver side. In some embodiments, by way of example only, capacitance may be selected based on coil inductance at a resonant frequency of 125 kHz or at a resonant frequency near 125 kHz. In some embodiments, a resonant frequency of 125 kHz ± 3 kHz can be used. In some embodiments, a resonant frequency of 125 kHz ± 5 kHz can be used. Other frequencies can be used as described herein. Inductance and capacitance may be different for the transmitter and receiver, however, both the transmitter and receiver are at the design frequency, just by way of example at a design frequency of 125 kHz or near 125 kHz. Inductance and capacitance are selected so that they can have resonance. In certain different embodiments, the design frequency range may be in the range of 100 kHz to 130 kHz.

  For example, the size of the transmitter and receiver coils may be significant, as may occur in the embodiments described herein where the receiver coil may be significantly smaller so that it can be placed in an electronic wearable device. The selected components described above can be operated even in different cases. Since the system is operating in the near field, the size of the coil need not be matched to the wavelength of energy transmitted, and both such transmitter and receiver coils are transmitted. It may be significantly smaller than the wavelength of the frequency. However, in some embodiments, the transmitter coil may be much larger than the receiver coil. This can provide multiple opportunities for charging, and multiple devices can be charged using the same transmitter coil or coils.

  Accordingly, one or more transmit and receive coils in the systems described herein may be provided at a predetermined frequency (eg, inductance, capacitance, provided by and / or provided to the coil). And / or can be designed to resonate (via the choice of resistance). The predetermined frequency may, in some embodiments, be the same as the frequency in the system's transmit and receive coils. The frequency of the drive waveform (eg, the frequency of the pulses supplied in drive waveforms 3102, 3104 and 3106 in FIG. 31) may be the basic design frequency of the coil located at the transmitter.

  FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a base unit system and a cross-sectional view of the base unit system according to embodiments described herein. The base unit 2802 can have a casing that defines a recess 2806. In some embodiments, a receiver (eg, an electronic device such as camera 2804) can be placed in recess 2806 for charging. In FIG. 28, a camera 2804 is shown, but in another embodiment, generally any electronic device having a receiver coil can be used.

  A cross-sectional view of the base unit 2802 and the camera 2804 is also shown in FIG. The base unit 2802 can have a casing that encloses the transmitter coil 2810, the circuit board 2808, and the battery 2812 with an optional cover 2814.

  The transmitter coil 2810 and the receiver coil 2816 can be implemented using the transmitter and receiver coil embodiments described herein. For example, the transmitter coil 2810 and the receiver coil 2816 can be implemented using a magnetic material core (eg, a rod) that is wound with a winding (eg, a strand wire, a litz wire, and / or a wire). It can be carried out using the ferrite material in the copper winding).

  The circuit board 2808 can include circuitry for supplying wireless power from the battery 2812 to the receiver coil 2816 using the transmitter coil 2810. The circuit embodiments described herein can be used to implement a circuit on a circuit board 2808.

  In some embodiments, the circuitry on the circuit board 2808 can be optimized for wireless power supply at a specific distance and / or relative orientation.

  A recess is provided to facilitate placement of the electronic device such that the receiver coil 2816 of the electronic device (eg, camera 2804) is positioned at a specific distance and a specific relative orientation relative to the transmitter coil 2810. 2806 can be designed. For example, the camera 2804 and the receiver coil 2816 can be positioned at a distance and / or relative orientation from the transmitter coil 2810 where the circuitry on the circuit board 2808 is optimized for wireless power transfer. A recess 2806 can be designed.

  In some embodiments, the recess 2806 and / or the camera 2804 can include a mating mechanism, such as a mating mechanism 2818, that assists in proper positioning of the camera 2804. For example, as shown in FIG. 28, the camera 2804 can include a protrusion, while the recess 2806 includes a groove dimensioned to receive the protrusion in the camera 2804.

  FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of various transmitter and receiver devices according to the embodiments described herein. Three devices are shown in FIG. 29: device 2902, device 2904, and device 2906.

  In device 2902, receiver 2908 includes a receiver coil 2910. The transmitter coil 2912 includes a winding around a portion of the magnetic material 2914. The magnetic material 2914 is shaped into a U shape with an additional portion folded back toward the center at the top of each U-shaped arm. Receiver 2908 can be arranged for charging so that receiver 2908 is aligned between those additional portions. A U-shaped magnetic material 2914 with an additional portion on top of each U-shaped arm is strong for charging a receiver 2908 having a receiver coil 2910 aligned with the transmitter coil 2912. An induced magnetic flux can be provided.

  In device 2904, receiver 2916 includes a receiver coil 2918. Transmitter coil 2920 includes a winding around a portion of magnetic material 2922. The magnetic material 2922 is formed in a U shape. The receiver 2916 can be positioned for charging so that the receiver 2916 is aligned and the receiver coil 2918 is parallel to the winding portion of the magnetic material 2922. However, the receiver 2916 may not exist between the U-shaped arms. The shape of the magnetic material 2922 can support a partially induced magnetic flux for charging the receiver 2916.

  In device 2906, receiver 2932 includes receiver coil 2930 and receiver 2934 includes receiver coil 2928, respectively. Transmitter coil 2924 includes a winding around a portion of magnetic material 2926. The magnetic material 2926 can be formed into a rod shape. The receivers 2932 and 2934 (and any other number of receivers) are aligned so that each receiver coil of those receivers is parallel to the winding portion of the magnetic material 2926. Can be arranged for charging. The shape of the magnetic material 2926 can support a partially induced magnetic flux for charging the receiver 2932 and the receiver 2934.

  Advantageously, using the base unit and system embodiments described herein, in some embodiments, a desired battery requirement (eg, 8 hours of production) is provided to an electronic wearable device, eg, For certain shapes of electronic wearable devices that are difficult to fully integrate into a device worn at or near the wearer's head or that may use an undesirably significant amount of power Can supply power. If the battery capacity is small, undesirably, the electronic wearable device must be recharged during the day, and thus the wearer may not be able to use the electronic wearable device. By way of example only and not intended to be limiting, such electronic wearable devices include ski goggles having an electronic head-up display, augmented reality eyewear, virtual reality eyewear, a camera, or combinations thereof. Is considered to be included. A system according to embodiments described herein can be used to power an electronic wearable device and / or increase additional power to the electronic wearable device using mobile wireless power transfer. , Thereby allowing the wearer to continue his activities or tasks.

  Accordingly, an electronic wearable device (eg, such an electronic wearable) that can be mounted on or near the user's head with the system and base unit described herein (eg, transmitter 2602 of FIG. 26). The device can be the receiver 2604 of FIG. 26 or can include the receiver 2604 of FIG. 26) and can be used to wirelessly power. The transmitter 2602 can be attached to and / or incorporated into a product worn around the neck and / or shoulder. In some embodiments, multiple transmitters can be provided. In some embodiments, the transmitter may be removable, remountable, and rechargeable. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be housed in a pouch. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be housed in an attachable and removable pouch. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be surrounded with a buffer material. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be surrounded by a breathable material. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a scarf. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a fabric tube attached to the neck. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into the collar. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a vest. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into the coat. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a garment worn over the shoulder. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a shirt. In some embodiments, the transmitter can be attached to and / or incorporated into a jacket. For example, the transmitter can be incorporated into one or more patches, such as three patches, and can be incorporated into a jacket, such as the shoulder portion of the jacket or the surface of the jacket. The transmitter can transmit at a frequency safe for the human body.

  The electronic wearable device may be goggles (eg, a receiver such as the receiver 2604 of FIG. 26 may be attached to and / or incorporated in the goggles). The wearable device may be a camera. The wearable device may be a helmet (eg, a receiver such as receiver 2604 of FIG. 26 can be attached to and / or incorporated into the helmet). The wearable device may be eyewear (eg, a receiver such as the receiver 2604 of FIG. 26 can be attached to and / or incorporated in the eyewear). The wearable device may be a communication system. The wearable device may be an electronic display. The wearable device may be an augmented reality system. The wearable device may be a virtual reality system.

  The transmitter surface closest to the wearer's body can be placed in the vicinity of the metallized fabric for reflecting transmitter heat and magnetic flux. The transmitter surface furthest from the wearer's body can include a vent to allow heat to escape from the transmitter.

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of transmitter placement in a jacket according to embodiments described herein. Shown is a jacket 3002 having three transmitters located on the collar of the jacket: transmitter 3004, transmitter 3006, and transmitter 3008. In other embodiments, other locations can be used, such as the shoulder, front or back of the jacket. The transmitters in FIG. 30 are schematically illustrated by their transmitter coils, even though the coils and electronics can be sealed within the patch. Each transmitter can be implemented using any of the transmitter techniques described herein, for example, transmitter 2602 of FIG. 26 is placed in the jacket. Each patch can be dimensioned, for example, 100 mm x 50 mm x 38 mm, and each patch can include a fabric insulator around it, for example, a 5 mm fabric insulator. Each patch may be suitable for supplying 5 watts of power, but in other embodiments, other amounts of power can be supplied. Each transmitter may have a transmitter coil measuring 67 mm × 12 mm, each including a magnetic core and windings around the magnetic core. The transmitter can be placed on the jacket within 200 mm of the wearable electronic device (eg, goggles), with a potential power transfer efficiency of 15% in this embodiment, but in other embodiments other distances and efficiencies Can be achieved. The total power transmitted to the goggles from the three patches can roughly be estimated by multiplying the root mean square (RMS) of the power transmitted from each transmitter by the efficiency, for example, 0.15√ (5 ² +5 ² +5 ² ) = 1.3 Watts. Assuming a required power of 250 mA, a total power of 350 mA can be supplied to goggles at 3.7 V with a 35% duty cycle. In other embodiments, other currents, voltages and duty cycles can be achieved. Each transmitter can be provided with a 1,600 mA lithium ion rechargeable battery, and the patch can have an interface that can be wired or wireless to recharge the battery. Possible transmitter dimensions in this example are 28 mm × 50 mm × 100 mm. Each transmitter can further include PMIC firmware, which can switch each transmitter on / off according to power requirements.

  From a position on the jacket, eg, jacket 3002 in FIG. 30, the transmitter can be placed on any of a variety of wearable electronic devices, eg, goggles worn on the face of the wearer of jacket 3002, and / or a device, eg, Cell phones, watches, walkie-talkies, guns, or jackets can be carried on the arm or wrist of the wearer, or can be powered to other devices attached to the arm or wrist. In another embodiment, the transmitter is placed on other clothing that is expected to be located near the worn electronic wearable device (eg, on a shoe for an electronic wearable device worn on a leg or ankle). Can do.

  FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a helmet powered goggles system prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein. An embodiment of a helmet powered goggles can be provided that includes a transmitter coil disposed in a helmet and a receiver coil disposed in goggles. Additionally, the helmet can include a power source and / or driver circuit, and / or the helmet can be connected to the power source and / or driver circuit. For example, the helmet 3202 of FIG. 32 can include a transmitter coil 3208 and a power source and / or circuit 3206. In some embodiments, the transmitter coil 3208 and the power source and / or circuit 3206 can be attached to the inner surface of the helmet 3202, the outer surface of the helmet 3202, and / or disposed within the helmet, or It can be incorporated into the helmet 3202. A goggle 3204 is shown that includes a receiver coil 3210 (goggles straps are not shown to show the receiver coil more clearly). In some embodiments, the goggles 3204 may be provided with a receiver circuit.

  The transmitter coil 3208, or receiver coil 3210, or both the transmitter coil 3208 and receiver coil 3210, including the transmitter and receiver coils shown in FIG. 26 and described with reference to FIG. It can be implemented using any transmitter coil and / or receiver coil as described in the specification. A single transmitter coil 3208 is shown in FIG. 32, but in addition or alternatively, multiple, including but not limited to 2,3,4,5 or 6 transmitter coils Transmitter coils can be used. In general, any transmitter and / or base unit described herein can be provided in helmet 3202, and any receive coil and / or receiver described herein can be provided. Can be used to power goggles that can. Thus, the transmitter coil 3208 and / or the receiver coil 3210 can be implemented using one or more magnetic cores, and the magnetic core can be shaped as a rod, and a magnetic material such as ferrite Can be used. A conductor winding of a wire that can be implemented with a litz wire can be wound around a magnetic core.

  Transmitter coil 3208 and receiver coil so that transmitter coil 3208 and receiver coil 3210 are positioned sufficiently close to each other to achieve wireless power transfer when both helmet and goggles are worn. 3210 can be placed in a helmet and goggles, respectively. Transmitter coil 3208 and receiver coil so that the rod-shaped cores of at least one transmitter coil and receiver coil can be oriented in a predetermined orientation when mounted (eg, in parallel). 3210 can be placed in a helmet and goggles, respectively. In some embodiments, wireless power transfer can be performed additionally or alternatively when the helmet and / or goggles are not worn.

  In this way, the goggles can be powered by using the transmitter coil 3208 in the helmet. The transmitter coil 3208 may receive power from a power source that may be included in the helmet in some embodiments, and the transmitter coil 3208 may be connected to a battery and / or energy harvesting component (e.g., solar, wind , Heat, vibration). The power to the goggles can be used for any of a variety of purposes, or not intended to be limited, but augmented or virtual reality visualization, heaters, coolers, display elements, fans, It can be used by any of a variety of components including a defog element, a camera, or a combination thereof.

  In one embodiment, the transmitter coil 3208 has a power of 10 W or less, in some embodiments 5 W or less, in some embodiments 3 W or less, and in some embodiments 1 W. The following power can be transmitted. Other power levels can also be used. The battery in the helmet can supply 3,400 mAH at 3.7V, but in other embodiments, another battery or power source can be used. The transmitter coil 3208 may be 67 mm x 12 mm, although other sizes can be used. The expected temperature rise due to power generation and power transmission is considered to be less than 5 ° C. and a potential energy transmission efficiency of 75% or more can be used.

  Embodiments of the wireless charging system described herein can be used in lighting sockets such as lighting sockets found in household lamps, desk lamps, or ceiling outlets. The wireless charging system incorporated in the lighting socket described herein can avoid or reduce the need for a separate power connection and / or the lamp may already be set up Space can be saved at nightstands or night desks. In some embodiments, any conventional lighting outlet can be transformed into a wireless charging system by incorporating any of the base units and / or transmitters described herein in a lighting socket; It can be used to charge an electronic device that has a receiver that is placed close enough to the lighting socket or carried close enough for charging. One drawback of many wireless charging systems is that they may require a cord that must be plugged into a wall outlet or a battery that needs to be recharged. Another problem is that such systems occupy space in the nightstand or night desk where they are located. By integrating the embodiments of the wireless charging system described herein into a casing that is adapted to a lighting socket, wireless charging can be placed on any fixture that normally allows standard light bulbs. it can. Additionally or alternatively, standard light bulbs can be used with the wireless charging system, so that in some embodiments, no additional AC outlet connection is needed.

  FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of a light bulb incorporating wireless charging functionality in accordance with embodiments described herein. The system shown in FIG. 33 includes a light bulb 3302, a socket 3304, an AC / DC converter 3306, a switch 3308, a coil 3310, a threaded pedestal 3312, a signal generator 3318, a casing 3316 and a controller 3314.

  A casing 3316 may be provided that houses components for wireless power transfer, such as transmitter coils and associated circuitry as described herein, eg, as described with reference to FIG. . In general, any base unit and / or transmitter described herein can be housed in casing 3316. However, in some embodiments, a power source, such as a battery, may not be present in the casing 3316. An AC / DC converter 3306 can be provided, and this AC / DC converter 3306 can supply power to the transmitter from a power line connected to the bulb socket. The casing includes a socket 3304 for receiving a standard light bulb. The casing further includes a threaded pedestal 3312 for insertion into a standard lighting socket. In this manner, a device (e.g., casing 3316, components contained therein, and threaded pedestal 3312) including the base unit described herein can be provided and a standard light bulb And a standard lighting socket. In some embodiments, the casing 3316 and its internal components can be incorporated directly into the light bulb 3302, thereby eliminating the need for intervening devices in some embodiments. Further, in some embodiments, the casing 3316 can include a switch 3308 that allows the user to control the light bulb 3302 independently of powering the wireless charging component.

  The AC / DC converter 3306 can convert power from an AC commercial power line that is in electrical communication with the lighting socket via a threaded pedestal 3312 into DC power, and this DC power is provided in the casing 3316. Can be used as a power source for a base unit that is installed (eg, a transmitter or transmitter coil as described herein). The coil 3310 can be implemented using any of the transmitter coils described herein, and this transmitter coil is a rod-shaped magnetic core (e.g., a litz wire) wound around ( For example, ferrite) can be included. A signal generator 3318 and a controller 3314 can be provided to control the operation of the coil 3310 and / or the AC / DC converter 3306. For example, the signal generator 3318 may generate the control signal at a desired transmission frequency, for example, a transmission frequency from 119 kHz to 134 kHz in some embodiments, and a transmission frequency of 125 kHz in some embodiments. Can do.

  In some embodiments, casing 3316 and / or bulb 3302 may include one or more sensors and / or controllers to detect the presence of a device within the range of a wireless charging system that requires or desires charging. Can be included. Sensors or sensor methodologies according to any of the embodiments can be used, including the sensors or sensor methodologies described herein. Thus, an example of a wireless charging system is a system in which a device that requires or desires charging is detected and provided (eg, as any receiver and / or receiver coil described herein). Energy can only be transmitted if it can be charged wirelessly by a system having a non-transparent receiver and / or receiver coil.

  In some embodiments, the casing 3316 and / or the bulb 3302 may not have a detection system and may continuously broadcast charging power so that it is located in the vicinity of the system. If any device is configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter, such device can be charged.

  A system according to an embodiment includes a casing. The casing includes a wireless charging system and a socket for housing a standard light bulb. The casing may be suitable for fitting into a standard light bulb socket. The system can continuously transmit charging power when plugged into an AC power source. The system can detect a device that requires charging and can only transmit charging power if the device is within a predetermined distance from the charging system.

  The embodiments of the wireless charging system described herein can be used in the human body. For example, the base unit and / or transmitter described herein may be a belt that includes a holster, utility belt, etc., or wristband, armband, headband, hat, helmet, or body worn around the waist Can be placed on or in any item that can be worn on the device, and by way of example only, serves as one side of a rechargeable battery, driver circuit, control circuit, and inductive wireless charging system A power source such as at least one transmitter coil can be accommodated.

  One drawback of many wireless charging systems is that they can require a cord that must be plugged into a wall outlet. Another problem is that such systems are usually too large or too bulky to be worn on the body. By incorporating the wireless charging system described herein into a wearable item (eg, wearable base unit and / or transmitter), wireless charging is suitable for items that are normally worn by humans for various activities. Can move with humans in a safe and convenient way. This activity is typically equipped with accessories for the specific purpose of working as an electrician or mechanic, jogging, riding a bicycle or bike, or carrying items or protecting a body part Other activities may be included. In general, any such accessory can be fabricated into the base unit described herein or provided in the base unit described herein.

  Thus, in general, any body-worn item (eg, body-worn unit) can be used as a wireless charging system in accordance with the embodiments described herein.

  FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system using a body wearing unit as a base unit. The system includes a body worn unit 3410 having a mounting member 3402 and a transmitter coil 3412. The system also includes a receiver 3408 having a mounting member 3404 and a receiver coil 3406. The attachment member 3402 of the body wearing unit 3410 can be fitted to the attachment member 3404 of the receiver 3408 as indicated by the arrow 3414.

  Body wear unit 3410 may include elements required for a wireless charging system, such as transmitter coil 3412, power supply and circuitry. In general, the component for wireless charging can be provided on or attached to any accessory that is typically worn by the user. Body wear unit 3410 and transmitter coil 3412 can be implemented using any of the base units, transmitters and / or transmitter coils described herein, wherein the transmitter coil is wound ( For example, a rod-shaped magnetic core (for example, ferrite) around which a litz wire is wound can be included.

  Receiver 3408 and receiver coil 3406 can be implemented using any of the electronic wearable devices, receivers and / or receiver coils described herein, with the receiver coil being wound ( For example, a rod-shaped magnetic core (for example, ferrite) around which a litz wire is wound can be included.

  The body mounting unit 3410 can include one or more attachment members 3402 that can be mated to one or more attachment members in the receiver 3408. In this manner, receiver 3408 can be connected to body worn unit 3410, and in some embodiments, to charge the battery of an electronic device having receiver 3408 and / or Can be held in place to power the electronic device having the receiver 3408 directly. In FIG. 34, a single receiver 3408 is shown connected to the body wearing unit 3410, but in another embodiment, any number of receivers can be connected to the body wearing unit 3410. Can do. A female attachment member (eg, a recess) is shown in the body mounting unit 3410 and a male attachment member (eg, a protrusion) is shown in the receiver 3408, but in another embodiment it is The reverse can be done.

  FIG. 35 is a schematic view of a mounting member prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein. In general, any attachment mechanism can be used, including a mechanical attachment mechanism, such as a press fit or compression fit, or a magnet. A mounting mechanism for charging (eg, having a receiver coil within a predetermined distance of the transmitter coil and / or a receiver coil being held in a predetermined orientation relative to the transmitter coil. Can be dimensioned and positioned to place the receiver in a desired orientation and distance. FIG. 35 shows an embodiment where the body wearing unit 3410 includes a magnet 3502 and the receiver 3408 includes a magnet 3504. Thus, as indicated by arrow 3510, body worn unit 3410 and receiver 3408 can be held together by magnetic attraction for charging. The magnet may be located on the surface of the body wearing unit 3410 and the receiver 3408, or may be located below the surface. Further, FIG. 35 shows another embodiment in which the body mounting unit 3410 includes a recess 3506 having a narrow opening and a wide portion within the body mounting unit 3410 so that the recess 3506 A compression fitting 3508 provided in the receiver 3408 can be accommodated. A compression fitting 3508 having a narrower base portion and a wider protrusion is fitted into the recess 3506. The compression fitting 3508 may be slightly larger than the recess 3506 and may be formed from a compressible material so that it is retained in the recess 3506 via compression, for example, as indicated by arrow 3512. Can do. A recess 3506 is shown in the body wearing unit 3410 and a compression fitting 3508 is shown in the receiver 3408, but in other embodiments this can be done in reverse.

  Accordingly, it includes one or more body-mounted charging units and one or more removable wearable electronic devices that can be inductively charged or powered by the body-mounted charging unit. A system can be provided. The body worn unit can only transmit power when a wearable electronic device is present. For example, the body wearing unit can receive an indication that the receiver is attached using the attachment mechanism described herein, and begins to supply power according to the attachment or removal of the wearable electronic device. And / or can be stopped.

  A body-worn charging unit can detect a device that requires charging and can transmit charging power only when the device is within a predetermined distance from the body-worn unit; however, the device Need not be physically attached to the aforementioned body-worn unit using an attachment mechanism.

  The embodiments described herein can be used in implantable devices, such as medical devices. Electronic devices are increasingly being embedded in the human body. These devices can provide more benefits to the human body in which the device is embedded. Those devices are expected to require power. In most cases, the implantable electrical device is believed to include a battery with a limited useful life. When this useful life is reached, it is necessary to remove the battery and install or embed a new battery. Medical devices that can be powered by a wireless charging system according to embodiments described herein are, by way of example only, deep brain stimulators, implantable hearing aids, cochlear implants, cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators , Insulin pumps, subcutaneous biosensors, drug implant pumps, implantable stimulators (eg, nerves, bladder, deep brain, spinal cord), or combinations thereof. The continued demand for power can hamper the usefulness of these devices in some embodiments. There is a need to safely implement recharging of the battery of an implantable electronic device in the field without having to reopen the subcutaneous tissue layer.

  A system for safely charging an implantable electronic device is provided. The electronic device can be provided under the subcutaneous tissue and can include a receiver coil. A transmitter including a transmitter coil can be provided outside the subcutaneous tissue. The coil of the transmitter coil and the coil of the receiver coil can be weakly coupled wirelessly by resonance. The resonance may be a weak resonance. A weak resonance can have a Q value of less than 100. A weak resonance can have a Q value of less than 75. A weak resonance can have a Q value of less than 50. The system can use induced magnetic flux. The system can use partially induced magnetic flux. The receiver can be maintained within a range of 2 ° C. of the temperature normally remaining in place of the receiver. The system can maintain the receiver within a 2 ° C. range of the temperature that normally stays in place on the receiver. The receiver coil, or transmitter coil, or both receiver and transmitter coils, can be implemented using a magnetic core. The receiver coil, or transmitter coil, or both receiver and transmitter coils, can include windings around the core, and the core can be implemented using a ferrite member. The windings of the transmitter coil, or the receiver coil, or both the transmitter coil and the receiver coil can be implemented using copper wire. The windings of the transmitter coil, or receiver coil, or both the transmitter coil and the receiver coil can be implemented using litz wires. The implantable electrical device can include a titanium skin. The transmitter can transmit to the receiver of the electronic device at a frequency in the range of 75 kHz to 150 kHz. The transmitter can transmit to the receiver of the electronic device at a frequency in the range of 100 kHz to 130 kHz. The transmitter can transmit to the receiver of the electronic device at a frequency in the range of 125 kHz. The transmitter can be housed in a fabric patch that can be attached to clothing. A transmitter can be attached to the hat. A transmitter can be attached to the shirt. A transmitter can be attached to the pants. A transmitter can be attached to the coat. A transmitter can be attached to the belt. The transmitter can be attached to BandAid®. A transmitter can be attached to the adhesive patch. The transmitter can be recharged. The transmitter may be removable and reattachable.

  FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a wirelessly powered implantable device prepared in accordance with the embodiments described herein. The system shown in FIG. 36 includes a defibrillator having an implantable controller 3602 under the user's skin and a defibrillator lead 3612 placed on the user's heart. . The embedded controller 3602 may be provided with a receiver according to the embodiments described herein, the receiver including a receiver coil 3604, and the receiver coil 3604 is wound ( For example, a rod-shaped magnetic core (for example, ferrite) around which a litz wire is wound can be provided. For example, a base unit 3610 can be provided that can be placed in or attached to the user's shirt pocket 3608 and / or worn by the user. Base unit 3610 can be implemented using any of the examples of base units described herein, and base unit 3610 can include a transmitter that includes transmitter coil 3606. . In operation, the base unit 3610 can supply power to the embedded controller 3602 by power coupling from the transmitter coil 3606 to the receiver coil 3604.

  In general, any of the base units and / or transmitters and / or transmitter coils described herein can be used to provide wireless power to an implantable electronic device. In general, any of the receivers and / or receiver coils described herein can be used to receive wireless power that can recharge, for example, a battery of the implantable electronic device. It can be incorporated into a device and / or attached to such an embedded electronic device.

  An implantable device according to an embodiment can have a battery that is implanted subcutaneously and can have a current capacity of 100 mAH. The battery can have a rated charge capacity of 370 mW / hr. The battery is expected to take 1 to 2 hours to recharge and may have an expected useful life of 10 years. In other embodiments, other parameters of the implantable device can be used. The implantable device can include a receiver coil, examples of which have already been described herein. The receiver coil can have a magnetic core and a winding wound around the magnetic core. In some embodiments, the receiver coil can have dimensions of 7 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm; however, in other embodiments, other dimensions can be used. The receiver coil is generally considered smaller than the transmitter coil. The implantable device can include a 100 mAH battery up to 4 mm thick and has a functional life of over 10 years. In other embodiments, different specifications can be used. The implantable electronic device according to the embodiment can use a solid thin film lithium battery, in which case the capacity loss can be kept below 50% even after 1,000 cycles.

  The wireless power charging system described herein can be used to safely and wirelessly charge a subcutaneously implanted battery. The recharging unit (eg, the base unit described herein) can be located at a location remote from the user but in the vicinity of the implantable device. In some embodiments, the base unit transmitter coil can be located 50 mm to 100 mm from the expected position of the receiver coil in the implantable medical device. For example, the base unit can be attached to a spectacle frame for use in charging a hearing aid or other head device. The base unit (eg, transmitter) can include an internal battery that provides power for wireless power supply via a transmitter coil that can charge the battery in an implantable electronic device. can do. Power can be supplied through the skin or other tissue. The transmitter's internal battery can be charged wirelessly when not attached to eyewear or when placed in the vicinity of other base units or charging devices (eg, body-worn repeaters) .

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be incorporated into a patch or other accessory worn by the user of the implantable device, or attached to the garment of the user of the implantable device, or Can be incorporated. In some embodiments, the coil length of the transmitter coil can be 50 mm, however, other lengths can be used. In some embodiments, the base unit can supply 1 watt of power and limit the temperature rise to less than 2 ° C.

  In some embodiments, the base unit can be placed under and / or within the pillow. A transmitter in the base unit can recharge a battery in the implantable device (eg, a battery in the user's head) while the user is sleeping at night. The battery inside the transmitter can be plugged into a USB or AC power source and recharged during the day.

  In some embodiments, the transmitter can be assembled into a small wearable patch. The transmitter can recharge the implantable battery with a patch attached to the garment, for example using a Velcro® and attached to the hat. The battery inside the transmitter can be plugged into USB or AC power and recharged.

  The base unit according to the embodiment is a battery that is implanted subcutaneously and housed in a sealed titanium casing, in some embodiments with an efficiency loss of less than 20% in some embodiments. Can be recharged through a 100 micron titanium sheet with an efficiency loss of less than 10%. In general, the expected wireless power transfer efficiency between the base unit and the implantable electronic device is considered to be 10% to 20% in some embodiments, but in other embodiments, A value efficiency of can be achieved. In some embodiments, power transmission rates from 100 mW to 200 mW can be achieved. In some embodiments, an expected recharge time of 1 to 2 hours can be achieved.

  The above detailed description of the embodiments is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the methods and systems for wireless power transmission to the exact forms described above. While particular embodiments of methods and systems for wireless power transfer, and examples thereof, have been described above for purposes of illustration, various equivalent modifications may be made to the system as long as those skilled in the art are aware. It is feasible within the range. For example, although processes or blocks are represented in a predetermined order, alternative embodiments can execute routines that have multiple operations or have multiple blocks in different orders. Systems can be used, and some processes or blocks can be removed, moved, added, split, combined and / or changed. Although the processes or blocks may be shown as being executed in series, the processes or blocks can be executed in parallel, or at different times. Further, one or more components of a base unit, electronic device or system according to a particular embodiment are combined with any component of the base unit, electronic device or system of any embodiment described herein. Obviously, it can be used.

Claims (34)

A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter, and including a magnetic metal core in a winding A receiver having a coil and receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched for a particular separation between the transmitter and the receiver and are not optimized for all other separations;
system. A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter, and including a magnetic metal core in a winding A receiver having a coil and receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched for a particular relative orientation between the transmitter and the receiver, and optimized for all other relative orientations It has not been,
system. The system is a weak resonant system having a Q value of less than 100,
The system according to claim 1 or 2. A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter, and including a magnetic metal core in a winding A receiver having a coil and receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The system is a weak resonant system having a Q value of less than 100, and
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched for at least two specific separations between the transmitter and the receiver, and optimized for all other separations Not,
system. A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver coil that is spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter and is configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter and includes a magnetic metal core in a winding And a receiver having receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The system is a weak resonant system having a Q value of less than 100, and
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched with respect to at least two specific relative orientations between the transmitter and the receiver, and with respect to all other relative orientations Is not optimized,
system. A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver coil that is spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter and is configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter and includes a magnetic metal core in a winding And a receiver having receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The system is a weak resonant system having a Q value of less than 100, and
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched for multiple separations using automatic iterative impedance optimization;
system. A transmitter coil configured for wireless power supply and a transmitter having transmitter impedance;
A receiver spaced a predetermined distance from the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter, and including a magnetic metal core in a winding A receiver having a coil and receiver impedance;
In a system that includes
The transmitter and the receiver are loosely coupled;
The system is a weak resonant system having a Q value of less than 100, and
The transmitter impedance and the receiver impedance are optimally matched for a plurality of different relative orientations between the transmitter and the receiver using automatic iterative impedance optimization.
system. The transmitter coil includes a transmitter magnetic metal core in the transmitter winding;
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The magnetic metal core is ferrite,
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The transmitter magnetic metal core is ferrite;
The system according to claim 8. The transmitter, or the receiver, or both the transmitter and the receiver, include a tuning capacitor containing a dielectric material;
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The magnetic metal core is shaped to have a length longer than its width,
12. A system according to any one of the preceding claims. The transmitter magnetic metal core is shaped to have a length longer than its width,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 12. The magnetic metal core is shaped to have a length longer than its diameter,
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13. The transmitter magnetic metal core is shaped to have a length longer than its diameter;
15. A system according to any one of claims 8 to 14. The magnetic metal core is formed in the shape of a rod,
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 15. The transmitter magnetic metal core is molded in the shape of a rod,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 16. The winding includes a litz wire,
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 17. The transmitter winding includes a litz wire,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 18. The winding includes a copper wire,
The system according to any one of claims 1 to 17. The transmitter winding includes a copper wire,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 18. The transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume 10 times or more than the volume of the magnetic metal core,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume of 100 times or more than the volume of the magnetic metal core,
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter magnetic metal core has a volume of 1,000 times or more than the volume of the magnetic metal core.
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter winding has a winding length of 10 times or more than the winding length of the winding;
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter winding has a winding length of 100 times or more than the winding length of the winding;
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter winding has a winding length of 1,000 times or more than the winding length of the winding;
The system according to any one of claims 8 to 21. The transmitter includes one antenna;
28. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 27. The transmitter includes a plurality of antennas;
29. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 28. The transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 100 kHz to 200 kHz;
30. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 29. The transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in a range of 125 kHz ± 3 kHz;
30. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 29. The transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in a range of 125 kHz ± 5 kHz;
30. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 29. The transmitter is configured to transmit wireless power at a frequency in the range of 6.75 MHz ± 5 MHz;
30. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 29. The Q value of the system exceeds 100,
34. A system according to any one of claims 1-33.

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