JP2018191462A - Charge/discharge circuit and electroscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain implementation of "simplification" or the like by also providing a discharge switch that starts discharge from multiple capacitors, in addition to a changeover switch capable of switching a flow direction of a current to the multiple capacitors between serial and parallel directions.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a charge/discharge circuit 1 which charges an input current X into multiple capacitors 2 and discharges an output current Y from the multiple capacitors 2. The charge/discharge circuit comprises a changeover switch 3 capable of switching between a serial current state J1 in which a current can be made flow in series with the multiple capacitors 2 and a parallel current state J2 in which a current can be made flow in parallel. In addition to the changeover switch 3, a discharge switch 4 is also provided for starting discharging the output current Y from the multiple capacitors 2. In serial wiring 5 connecting the multiple capacitors 2 in series, an intermediate diode 6 is disposed between adjacent two capacitors 2, the changeover switch 3 is disposed in one of anode parallel wiring 9A and cathode parallel wiring 9K, and a parallel diode 10 may also be disposed in the other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention includes a charge / discharge circuit that charges an input current to a capacitor and discharges an output current from the capacitor, and the charge / discharge circuit, and checks the energization of the electric circuit using the output current discharged from the charge / discharge circuit. It relates to a voltage detector.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a capacitor charging device for charging a capacitor (specifically, a power supply voltage is applied to a circuit in which switch means that is turned on in response to a switch drive signal and a primary winding of a transformer are connected in series. A capacitor charging device for charging a capacitor that can be connected to the next winding is known (see Patent Document 1).
The capacitor charging apparatus includes: a primary current detection unit configured to detect a primary current detection signal corresponding to a primary current flowing through the primary winding when the switch drive signal is generated and the switch unit is turned on; A primary current peak detection circuit for generating a primary current peak detection signal for stopping the switch drive signal and turning off the switch means when the primary current detection signal reaches a predetermined value for peak detection; and the primary current An off-time detection circuit that receives a peak detection signal and starts counting off time, and when the off-time is counted, generates an off-time end signal for generating the switch drive signal and turning on the switch means; Is provided.

JP 2006-81321 A

  However, the capacitor charging device described in Patent Document 1 is originally composed of a transformer, a primary current detection means for detecting a primary current detection signal, a primary current peak detection circuit for generating a primary current peak detection signal, and an off-state. Even an off-time detection circuit for generating a time end signal is essential, which leads to an increase in complexity and size of the apparatus (particularly, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1).

  In view of such a point, the present invention has a discharge switch that starts discharging from a plurality of capacitors separately from a changeover switch that can switch a current flow to the plurality of capacitors in series and in parallel. The purpose is to achieve "simplification" of charge / discharge circuits and voltage detectors.

  A charging / discharging circuit 1 according to the present invention is a charging / discharging circuit that charges an input current X to a plurality of capacitors 2 and discharges an output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2, and currents are serially connected to the plurality of capacitors 2. A switch 3 that can be switched between a series current state J1 that can flow through the capacitor 2 and a parallel current state J2 that allows a current to flow through the capacitors 2 in parallel. It has the discharge switch 4 which starts the discharge of the output current Y from the 1st characteristic.

  A second feature of the charge / discharge circuit 1 according to the present invention includes, in addition to the first feature, a series wiring 5 in which the plurality of capacitors 2 are connected in series. Between the capacitors 2, intermediate diodes 6 aligned in the forward direction from the anode to the cathode are arranged, and each of the anode-capacitor 7 A between the anode side of the intermediate diode 6 and the capacitor adjacent to the anode side is provided. An anode parallel line 9A connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K opposite to the intermediate diode in the cathode end capacitor 2K located at the end of the series line 5 and adjacent only to the cathode side of the intermediate diode 6; 7K between the cathode side and the capacitor adjacent to the cathode side are connected to the end of the series wiring 5. A cathode parallel line 9K connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A on the opposite side of the intermediate diode in the anode end capacitor 2A that is located and adjacent only to the anode side of the intermediate diode 6, and switches to the anode parallel line 9A A switch 3 is disposed, and a parallel diode 10 is disposed in the cathode parallel wiring 9K in the forward direction from the cathode-capacitor 7K to the anode end outer electrode 8A, and the switching to the cathode parallel wiring 9K is performed. A switch 3 is disposed, and a parallel diode 10 is disposed in the anode parallel wiring 9A in the forward direction from the cathode end outer electrode 8K to the anode-capacitor 7A, or the anode parallel wiring 9A and The changeover switch 3 is provided in the cathode parallel wiring 9K.

  A third feature of the charge / discharge circuit 1 according to the present invention includes, in addition to the first or second feature, a timer unit 11 that periodically performs switching by the changeover switch 3 and start of discharge by the discharge switch 4. The timer unit 11 has a timer power source wiring 13 in which the power source terminal 12 is connected to the diode-capacitor 7D between the cathode end capacitor 2K or the anode end capacitor 2A and the intermediate diode 6 adjacent to the capacitor 2K, 2A. The timer power supply wiring 13 is provided with a power supply diode 14 in a forward direction from the diode-capacitor 7D toward the power supply terminal 12.

  Due to these characteristics, in addition to the changeover switch 3 that can be switched between the series current state J1 and the parallel current state J2, the discharge switch 4 that starts discharging from the plurality of capacitors 2 is also included. The change-over switch 3 enables high-voltage → low-voltage / low-voltage → high-voltage transformation, eliminating the need for a heavy, large transformer such as an iron core or coil, and only the discharge switch 4 in addition to the change-over switch 3 to detect the primary current. Various types of circuits can be suppressed as compared with the means, the primary current peak detection circuit, the off-time detection circuit, etc. (realization of “simplification”).

  In addition, an intermediate diode 6 is disposed between two adjacent capacitors 2 by a series wiring 5 in which a plurality of capacitors 2 are connected in series, and the changeover switch 3 is connected to at least one of the anode parallel wiring 9A and the cathode parallel wiring 9K. In addition, by arranging the parallel diode 10, the current that can flow through each capacitor 2 is changed from series to parallel without changing the actual connection configuration of the plurality of capacitors 2 by the changeover switch 3. It is possible to switch from parallel to serial, and the voltage drop is less than when the parallel diode 10 is provided for both the anode parallel wiring 9A and the cathode parallel wiring 9K. Can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, by disposing the power supply diode 14 in the timer power supply wiring 13, even when the voltage of the capacitor 2 decreases due to the discharge from the plurality of capacitors 2, the power supply terminal 12 side of the timer unit 11 is moved to the capacitor 2 side. It is possible to prevent the current from flowing backward, and there is no problem in the operation of the timer unit 11.

  The first feature of the voltage detector 20 according to the present invention includes the charging / discharging circuit 1 having the third feature described above, and using the output current Y discharged from the charging / discharging circuit 1, energization of the electric circuit R. And a pair of gate electrodes 21 respectively connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A and the cathode end outer electrode 8K in the charge / discharge circuit 1, and the pair of gate electrodes 21 are connected to the electric circuit R. When positioned in the electric field E generated by energization, the plurality of capacitors 2 are charged with the input current X due to the potential difference between the pair of gate electrodes 21, and the output current is periodically discharged from the plurality of capacitors 2. It is in the point provided with the light emission part 22 which blinks by Y.

  A second feature of the voltage detector 20 according to the present invention is that, in addition to the first feature, the electric circuit R is an AC electric circuit R ′, and a rectifier 23 that converts an alternating current into a direct current from the AC electric circuit R ′. The DC current from the rectifier 23 is charged to the plurality of capacitors 2 as the input current X, and is set to the series current state J1 by the changeover switch 3 when charging the plurality of capacitors 2, and the plurality of capacitors 2 is set to the parallel current state J2 by the changeover switch 3 before the discharge from 2, and the discharge switch 4 starts discharging the output current Y after the parallel current state J2.

Due to these characteristics, the input current X between the gate electrodes 21 positioned in the electric field E generated by energization of the electric circuit R is charged in the plurality of capacitors 2 and the output current Y periodically discharged from the plurality of capacitors 2. By providing the light-emitting unit 22 that blinks, there is no need for a separate power supply, so there is no possibility that the power supply is cut off and the voltage check and continuity check cannot be performed, and further “simplification” can be achieved.
In addition to this, the amount of power required for the light emitting unit 2 can be reduced by the amount of time that the light emitting unit 22 is extinguished (“power saving”), and as a result, the light emitting time is shortened. Will last longer ("longer life").

  Further, an alternating current is rectified from the alternating current circuit R ′ by the rectifier 23 and charged to the plurality of capacitors 2, the series current state J1 is set when the plurality of capacitors 2 are charged, and the parallel current state J2 is set before discharging. By starting the discharge of Y, even if it is a high-potential direct current rectified from the AC circuit R ′, after switching from serial to parallel after charging, it is surely discharged as a low potential, Even if the AC circuit R ′ is at a high voltage (for example, 6600 V, 22000 V, etc.), it is possible to detect electric power without overloading the light emitting unit 22.

  According to the charging / discharging circuit and the voltage detector according to the present invention, in addition to the changeover switch capable of switching the flow of current to the plurality of capacitors in series and in parallel, it also has a discharge switch for starting discharge from the plurality of capacitors. Thus, “simplification” and the like can be realized.

It is a circuit diagram which shows the charging / discharging circuit which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and the voltage detector which concerns on this invention. It is an equivalent circuit diagram which illustrates a charging / discharging circuit, (a) illustrates the charging / discharging circuit at the time of charge, (b) illustrates the charging / discharging circuit at the time of discharge. It is an equivalent circuit diagram which shows the example of a connection of the some capacitor | condenser in a charging / discharging circuit. It is a timing chart of each signal in the timer part of a charging / discharging circuit. It is a circuit diagram which shows the charging / discharging circuit which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and the voltage detector which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic which illustrates the board layout of an electric detector, (a) is a silk / resist figure of a component side, (b) is a pattern figure of a component side, (c) is a pattern figure of a solder side. is there. It is the schematic which illustrates the component of an electric detector, Comprising: (a) is a disassembled perspective view, (b) is M arrow view in (a). It is a drawing substitute photograph which illustrates the attachment state to the electric circuit (bus bar) of a voltage detector.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
<Charge / Discharge Circuit 1 of First Embodiment>
1 to 4 show a charge / discharge circuit 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
The charging / discharging circuit 1 is a circuit that charges an input current X to a plurality of capacitors 2 and discharges an output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2.

The charging / discharging circuit 1 includes a changeover switch 3 that can switch between states J1 and J2 in which a current can flow through a plurality of capacitors 2, and a discharge switch 4 that starts discharging from the plurality of capacitors 2.
The charge / discharge circuit 1 includes a series wiring 5, an intermediate diode 6, an anode parallel wiring 9A, a cathode parallel wiring 9K, a parallel diode 10, a timer unit 11, a timer power supply wiring 13, a power supply diode 14, and the like. Also good.

<Capacitor 2>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the capacitor 2 charges the input current X and discharges the output current Y, and can be said to be the charge capacitor 2.
There are a plurality of capacitors 2, and the number thereof may be any value as long as it is a plurality, such as two, three, four or more.

A zener diode that generates a constant voltage when a reverse voltage is applied may be connected to each capacitor 2 in parallel.
The capacitance of each capacitor 2 may be any value, but may be, for example, a nominal value of 2.2 μF, or the capacitance of each capacitor 2 may be substantially the same, but different values. It doesn't matter.

The capacitance of each capacitor 2 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.001 μF to 10000.000 μF, preferably 0.01 μF to 5000.00 μF, and more preferably 0.1 μF to 1000.00 μF. The following (100 μF or the like) may be used.
Furthermore, a dielectric having a relative dielectric constant greater than 1 is sandwiched between the electrodes of the capacitor 2, or the dielectric constant is 1 (that is, the electrode is in a vacuum state). Absent.
Each capacitor 2 may be a collection of several capacitor members.

<Series wiring 5, parallel wiring 9A, 9K, etc.>
In particular, as shown in FIG. 3, the series wiring 5 is a wiring in which a plurality of capacitors 2 are connected in series, and this series wiring 5 is connected between two adjacent capacitors 2 from the anode to the cathode. An intermediate diode 6 having a uniform forward direction is disposed.
The intermediate diode 6 may be a single element independently of the intermediate diode 6 alone, but may be a single element combined with a parallel diode 10 described later.

The anode parallel wiring 9A is configured such that the anode-capacitor 7A between the anode side of each intermediate diode 6 and the capacitor adjacent to the anode side is located at the end of the series wiring 5 and only on the cathode side of the intermediate diode 6. Is connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K on the opposite side to the intermediate diode in the cathode end capacitor 2K adjacent to.
The cathode parallel wiring 9K is located at the end of the series wiring 5 and adjacent to only the anode side of the intermediate diode 6 between the cathode side of the intermediate diode 6 and the capacitor adjacent to the cathode side. The wiring connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A opposite to the intermediate diode in the anode end capacitor 2A.

One of the two parallel wires 9A and 9K is provided with the changeover switch 3, and the other is provided with the parallel diode 10.
That is, the changeover switch 3 is disposed in the <1> anode parallel wiring 9A, and the parallel diode 10 is disposed in the cathode parallel wiring 9K in the forward direction from the cathode-capacitor 7K to the anode end outer electrode 8A. In this case, the changeover switch 3 is disposed in the <2> cathode parallel wiring 9K, and the parallel diode 10 is disposed in the anode parallel wiring 9A in the forward direction from the cathode end outer electrode 8K to the anode-capacitor 7A. In this case, there are three cases where the changeover switch 3 is provided in the <3> anode parallel wiring 9A and the cathode parallel wiring 9K.

Of the above-described <1> to <3>, particularly in the case of <1> and <2>, the case where there are three or more capacitors 2 and two or more parallel wirings 9A and 9K will be described in further detail. .
In one charge / discharge circuit 1, a certain anode parallel wiring 9A-1 is provided with a changeover switch 3, and an intermediate diode 6-1 adjacent to the anode parallel wiring 9A-1 is sandwiched between the cathode parallel wirings on the opposite side. A parallel diode 10 is disposed at 9K-1, and at the same time, another parallel diode 10 is disposed at another anode parallel wiring 9A-2, and is adjacent to the anode parallel wiring 9A-2. Even if the selector switch 3 is provided on the cathode parallel wiring 9K-2 on the opposite side of the diode 6-2, it is included in the above cases <1> and <2>.

  Similarly, another anode parallel wiring 9A-3 is provided with the changeover switch 3, and the cathode parallel wiring 9K-3 on the opposite side thereof is provided with a parallel diode 10, etc. <1> and <2> may be mixed for each group of the parallel wiring 9A-3 and the cathode parallel wiring 9K.

The plurality of capacitors 2 that have become the series wiring 5 and the parallel wirings 9A and 9K described so far are set to a series current state J1 by a changeover switch 3 described later at the time of charging, and before the discharge, the parallel current state J2 is set by the changeover switch 3. Then, after the parallel current state J2 is set, discharging of the output current Y may be started by the discharge switch 4.
When charging / discharging in such an order, a plurality of capacitors 2 are charged in series at a predetermined voltage, and then discharged from the plurality of capacitors 2 in parallel at a voltage lower than the predetermined voltage. When X passes through the charging / discharging circuit 1, the output current Y obtained by reducing the voltage from high voltage to low voltage is discharged.

On the other hand, the plurality of capacitors 2 described so far are set to the parallel current state J2 by the changeover switch 3 to be described later at the time of charging, and set to the series current state J1 by the changeover switch 3 before the discharge, to the series current state J1. Later, the discharge of the output current Y may be started by the discharge switch 4.
In the case of charging / discharging in this order, after charging a plurality of capacitors 2 in parallel with a predetermined voltage, the capacitors 2 are discharged in series with a voltage higher than the predetermined voltage. When X passes through the charging / discharging circuit 1, the output current Y whose voltage is boosted from low to high is discharged.
Hereinafter, the case where the plurality of capacitors 2 are in the series current state J1 during charging and in the parallel current state J2 during discharging (from high voltage to low pressure) will be mainly described.

<Changeover switch 3>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the changeover switch 3 is a switch that can be switched between the series current state J1 and the parallel current state J2 described above.
The change-over switch 3 may have any configuration as long as the states J1 and J2 can be switched. For example, the switch 3 opens and closes the parallel wires 9A and 9K (ON (conducts the parallel wires 9A and 9K) / OFF (parallel wire). 9A and 9K may be non-conductive))) may be a transistor member such as a MOSFET or a switch that opens and closes the parallel wires 9A and 9K manually or the like.

In the following description, it is assumed that the changeover switch 3 is mainly a MOSFET.
The configuration of the changeover switch (switching MOSFET) 3 is not particularly limited. For example, the changeover switch (switching MOSFET) may be an N-channel MOSFET, a P-channel MOSFET, or the like, and is arranged in the anode parallel wiring 9A and / or the cathode parallel wiring 9K. It does not matter if it is installed.
When the switching MOSFET 3 is disposed in the anode parallel wiring 9A, for example, its gate (G) is connected to the switching output terminal 15 of the switching signal K1 from the timer unit 11 described later, and its drain (D) is It may be connected to the anode-capacitor 7A described above, and its source (S) may be connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K of the cathode end capacitor 2K described above.

On the other hand, when the switching MOSFET 3 is disposed on the cathode parallel wiring 9K, for example, the gate (G) is connected to the switching output terminal 15 of the switching signal K1 from the timer unit 11 described later. However, the drain (D) thereof may be connected to the cathode-capacitor 7K described above, and the source (S) thereof may be connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A of the anode end capacitor 2A described above.
When a plurality of changeover switches 3 are provided in the anode parallel wiring 9A and / or the cathode parallel wiring 9K, the configuration in which all the changeover switches 3 are simultaneously switched (the gates (G) thereof are the same). However, there may be a time difference in switching between the states J1 and J2 by the changeover switches 3.

<Series current state J1, parallel current state J2, etc.>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 (particularly, FIG. 2), the series current state J1 is a state in which a current can flow through the plurality of capacitors 2, and the parallel current state J2 It is a state that can flow in parallel.
The series current state J1 and the parallel current state J2 are switched by the above-described changeover switch 3 from the series current state J1 to the parallel current state J2, and vice versa, from the parallel current state J2 to the series current state J1.

If these current states J1 and J2 are explained in detail, when the changeover switch 3 in the parallel wirings 9A and 9K is OFF (the parallel wirings 9A and 9K are not conducted), each capacitor 2 is only connected by the series wiring 5. Therefore, the current can always flow through the plurality of capacitors 2 only in series.
Therefore, when the changeover switch 3 is OFF, it can be said that it is in the series current state J1.

On the other hand, when the changeover switch 3 is ON (the parallel wirings 9A and 9K are conducted), each capacitor 2 is connected not only by the serial wiring 5 but also by the parallel wirings 9A and 9K. The capacitors 2 can flow not only in series but also in parallel.
Therefore, when the changeover switch 3 is ON, it is the parallel current state J2 at the same time as the series current state J1, and such a state can be said to be a series-parallel current state J3.

In this series-parallel current state J3, since the discharge switch 4 described later is turned ON, the current flows through the plurality of capacitors 2 only in parallel. It can be said that the current can be switched to the parallel current state J2 in which the current can flow in parallel.
The discharge switch 4 that determines the current that actually flows through the capacitor 2 will be described below.

<Discharge switch 4>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the discharge switch 4 is a switch that starts discharging the output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2.
The discharge switch 4 also needs to start discharging from the plurality of capacitors 2 and be disposed separately from the changeover switch 3 (at a different position from the changeover switch 3). For example, the discharge current Y is discharged. Open / close the wiring (output wiring) Y ′ to be turned on (ON (the output wiring Y ′ is made conductive) / OFF (the output wiring Y ′ is made non-conductive)), or a transistor member such as a MOSFET, or output manually. A switch that opens and closes the wiring Y ′ may be used.

In the following description, it is assumed that the discharge switch 4 is a MOSFET mainly disposed on the output wiring Y ′.
More specifically, the arrangement position of the discharge switch (discharge MOSFET) 4 has a lower potential in the output wiring Y ′ that discharges the output current Y than, for example, a load (such as a light emitting unit 22 described later) to which the output current Y is supplied. On the other side (for example, the GND side) may be ON / OFF (low-side switch). At this time, the N-channel MOSFET may be used as the discharge switch 4 or the like.

The discharge switch 4 such as an N-channel MOSFET has, for example, a gate (G) connected to a discharge output terminal 16 of a discharge signal K2 from a timer unit 11 described later via a predetermined element, and a drain (D) thereof. It may be connected to a load (light emitting unit 22) or the like, and its source (S) may be connected to GND in the charging / discharging circuit 1 (low potential side output wiring Y ′ in the charging / discharging circuit 1).
This GND is connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K of the cathode end capacitor 2K described above.

In addition, the disposition position of the discharge switch 4 may be, for example, a case where the output wiring Y ′ is turned ON / OFF (high side switch) on the side of a higher potential than the load (such as the light emitting unit 22). A P-channel MOSFET may be used as the discharge switch 4 or the like.
For example, the discharge switch 4 such as a P-channel MOSFET has a gate (G) connected to a discharge output terminal 16 of a discharge signal K2 from a timer unit 11 to be described later via a predetermined element as in the case of the low-side switch. Although connected, the drain (D) may be connected to a load (light emitting unit 22) or the like, and the source (S) may be connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A of the anode end capacitor 2A described above.
The anode end outer electrode 8A serves as an output wiring Y ′ on the high potential side in the charge / discharge circuit 1.

<Timer unit 11, power supply terminal 12, timer power supply wiring 13, power supply diode 14, etc.>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the timer unit 11 periodically performs switching by the changeover switch 3 and start of discharge by the discharge switch 4.
The timer unit 11 may have any configuration as long as the switching by the changeover switch 3 and the discharge start by the discharge switch 4 are periodically performed. For example, the timer unit 11 may be the power supply terminal (VDD terminal in FIG. 1) 12 or the above-described configuration. Stops the discharge of the switching signal K1 to the switching output terminal (WAKE terminal in FIG. 1) 15, the discharging signal K2 to the discharging output terminal (TCAL terminal in FIG. 1) 16, and the load (such as the light emitting unit 22 described later). A stop input terminal (DONE terminal in FIG. 1) 17 for inputting a stop signal K3 to be turned on, a cycle setting terminal (in FIG. 1) for setting a cycle (discharge cycle) T of switching by the changeover switch 3 and discharge start by the discharge switch 4 D0, D1, D2 terminals) 18 and the like.

The timer power supply wiring 13 connects the power supply terminal 12 of the timer unit 11 described above to the diode-capacitor 7D between the cathode end capacitor 2K in the above-described series wiring 5 and the intermediate diode 6 adjacent to the cathode end capacitor 2K. Wiring.
The timer power supply wiring 13 is provided with a power supply diode 14 in a forward direction from the diode-capacitor 7 </ b> D toward the power supply terminal 12.

<Discharge cycle T>
As shown in FIG. 1, the above-described cycle setting terminal 18 inputs a potential of “0 (L: low)” or “1 (H: high)” to the switching signal K1 or the discharge signal K2. Of the discharge period T (more specifically, the change of “L” / “H” in the switching signal K1 and the discharge signal K2) is a predetermined value (1 second, 2 seconds, 4 seconds, 8 seconds, 10 seconds, 16 seconds, 32 seconds, 64 seconds, etc.).
For example, when a potential of “0” is input to the D2 terminal, “0” is input to the D1 terminal, and “0” is input to the D0 terminal, the discharge cycle T can be set to 1 second, and “0” is input to the D2 terminal. The discharge cycle T may be set to 2 seconds when a potential of “0” is input to the D1 terminal and a potential of “1” is input to the D0 terminal.

For example, if the D0 terminal is set to a potential of “0”, the input of the “0” and “1” potentials to each cycle setting terminal 18 is performed by connecting the D0 terminal and the timer power supply wiring 13 described above to NMΩ. And connecting the D0 terminal and the above-described GND via a 0Ω resistor (or only with a wire without a resistor). .
Similarly, if the D1 terminal is set to a potential of “0”, the D1 terminal and the timer power supply wiring 13 are connected via a resistance of NMΩ (for example, a sufficiently large resistance such as MΩ), and the D1 terminal and What is necessary is just to comprise by connecting GND via a resistance of 0Ω (or only wiring without resistance). If the D2 terminal is set to a potential of “0”, the wiring without resistance is connected between the D2 terminal and GND. It will be configured by connecting only with.

<Timing chart of switching signal K1, discharge signal K2, and stop signal K3>
FIG. 4 shows a timing chart of each signal in the timer unit 11.
Among these signals, the switching signal K1 is output from the switching output terminal 15 described above and is input to the selector switch 3 (Q1 to Q3 in FIG. 1).
The switching signal K1 is initially in a state in which the changeover switch 3 is turned off by the potential of “L (or 0)” (series current state J1 in the plurality of capacitors 2), but for each discharge cycle T described above. , Rising to the potential of “H (or 1)”, the switch 3 is turned on (parallel current state J2 (or series-parallel current state J3) in the plurality of capacitors 2).

The discharge signal K2 is output from the above-described discharge output terminal 16, and is input to a terminal (gate (G)) of a discharge switch (discharge MOSFET or the like) 4 through a predetermined element.
The discharge signal K2 is also initially in a state in which the discharge switch 4 is turned off by the potential of “L (or 0)”, but from the rise of the switching signal K1 from “L” to “H”, After a predetermined delay time (for example, about 8 mSec) B, the discharge switch 4 is turned on by rising to the potential of “H (or 1)”, and the load (light emitting unit 22) is turned on from the output wiring Y ′ of the charge / discharge circuit 1. Or the like, the output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2 may be discharged.

In this case, the timer unit 11 sets the parallel current state J2 with the changeover switch 3 before discharging from the plurality of capacitors 2, and starts discharging the output current Y with the discharge switch 4 after setting the parallel current state J2. .
As a result, after completion of switching from series to parallel after charging, it is surely discharged as a low potential, and even if the AC circuit R ′ is at a high voltage (for example, 6600 V or 22000 V), the light emitting unit 22 Overloading is suppressed, and the output current Y is prevented from being discharged halfway to the load (light emitting unit 22 or the like).
When the charge / discharge circuit 1 does not have a switch (such as a charge enable / disable switch) that prevents the input current X from flowing into the capacitor 2, the charge / discharge circuit 1 also depends on the voltage of each capacitor 2 during discharge from the capacitor 2. It can also be said that the input current X flows into the capacitor 2.

As for the stop signal K3, the discharge signal K2 output from the above-described discharge output terminal 16 is input to the stop input terminal 17 through the RC circuit 19 having a predetermined time constant τ.
This RC circuit 19 is composed of a resistor (R10 and R11 in FIG. 1) and a capacitor (C6 in FIG. 1) connected in series, and between this resistor and the capacitor and the stop input terminal 17 is connected to a predetermined resistor ( By connecting via R12 in FIG. 1, a stop signal K3 (which can be said to be an integrated waveform of the discharge signal K2) is input to the stop input terminal 17.

The input stop signal K3 is also initially at “L (or 0)” potential. However, when the discharge signal K2 is input through the RC circuit 19, the potential increases according to the time constant τ of the RC circuit 19. The timer unit 11 determines that the potential of the stop signal K3 is about half (1/2) of the potential (power source potential, power source voltage) of the power source terminal 12 of the timer unit 11 (becomes "H"). Then, the timer unit 11 sets the potentials of the switching signal K1 and the discharge signal K2 to “L (or 0)”.
This change in potential can be adjusted according to the time constant τ of the RC circuit 19 described above, and the time constant τ is a resistance value of the RC circuit 19 (for example, 1.0 MΩ + 220 kΩ = 1.22 MΩ) and a capacitance (for example, A predetermined value (for example, 1.22 MΩ × 2.2 nF = 2.684 μSec) is obtained from the product of 1 nF or the like.

It should be noted that the time until the potential of the stop signal K3 becomes about half of the power supply voltage, that is, the discharge time to the load (the discharge time, specifically, the light emission time during which the discharge light emitting unit 22 emits light) ) T ′ is a value obtained by multiplying the above time constant τ by ln2 (= log _e 2, e is the base of natural logarithm) (for example, 2.684 μSec × log _e 2 = 2.684 μSec × 0.693147... = 1.860... ≈1.86 mSec, and since ln2 is applied, it can also be said to be a half-life with respect to the “H” potential).
This discharge time (light emission time) T ′ is obtained when the power supply voltage of the timer unit 11 decreases while the output current Y is discharged from the capacitor 2 (particularly the cathode end capacitor 2K) to the load (light emitting unit 22 or the like). Of course, there are cases where the time constant is shorter than the standard of τ × ln2 (eg, 1.64 mSec).
Therefore, the intended time constant τ (that is, the intended discharge time T ′) can be set by changing the resistance value and the capacitance in the RC circuit 19.

After such a discharge time T ′, the stop signal K3 is determined to be “H”, and the changeover signal K1 and the discharge signal K2 become “L”, whereby the changeover switch 3 is turned OFF and the plurality of capacitors 2 are turned on. At the same time as switching to the series current state J1, the discharge switch 4 is also turned OFF, and the discharge of the output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2 is stopped.
By switching to the series current state J1 and stopping discharging, the charging / discharging circuit 1 starts charging the input current X again to the plurality of capacitors 2 through which current flows in series.

As described above, the timer unit 11 repeats the change of the switching signal K1, the discharge signal K2, the stop signal K3, and the discharge for the predetermined discharge time T ′ every discharge cycle T described above.
In addition, the timer unit 11 includes a GND terminal (GND terminal in FIG. 1), a power determination terminal (PGOOD terminal in FIG. 1) for determining whether the timer unit 11 has a power voltage that can be driven normally, and a reset terminal. (RST terminal in FIG. 1) may also be included.

Among these terminals, the GND terminal is connected to GND (the output wiring Y ′ on the low potential side in the charge / discharge circuit 1 and the cathode end outer electrode 8K of the cathode end capacitor 2K).
The power source determination terminal is connected between the power source terminal 12 and the power source diode 14 in the timer power source wiring 13 described above.
None of the reset terminals may be connected.

A capacitor (C5 in FIG. 1) is connected between the power supply terminal 12 of the timer unit 11 and the above-described GND (cathode end outer electrode 8K) to remove noise and the like.
Further, a resistor (gate resistance, R2 in FIG. 1) may be disposed between the switching output terminal 15 of the timer unit 11 and the gate (G) of the switching switch (switching MOSFET or the like) 3.
Furthermore, a resistor (gate resistance, R9 in FIG. 1) may be disposed between the discharge output terminal 16 of the timer unit 11 and the gate (G) of the discharge switch (discharge MOSFET or the like) 4.

<Charge / Discharge Circuit 1 of Second Embodiment>
FIG. 5 shows a charge / discharge circuit 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The second embodiment is most different from the first embodiment in that the number of capacitors 2 is two.

Further, not only the number but also each of the capacitors 2 of the second embodiment is a collection of several capacitor members. More specifically, the capacitor 2 includes a plurality of capacitor members connected in parallel ( C1 and C2 and C3 and C4 in FIG.
Therefore, the capacitance of one capacitor 2 is twice the capacitance of each capacitor member constituting the capacitor 2 (for example, a total of 4.4 μF of two capacitor members having a nominal value of 2.2 μF). .
Note that the number of capacitor members connected in parallel may be three or more instead of two.

Further, the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the number of intermediate diodes 6 in the series wiring 5 is one, and the number of the anode parallel wiring 9A and the cathode parallel wiring 9K is one each. There is also a point.
In addition, unlike the first embodiment, the timer unit 11 of the second embodiment inputs a potential of “0” to the D2 terminal, “1” to the D1 terminal, and “0” to the D0 terminal of the cycle setting terminal 18. Thus, the discharge cycle T is set to 4 seconds.

For example, if the D0 terminal is set to a potential of “0”, the input of the “0” and “1” potentials to each cycle setting terminal 18 is performed by connecting the D0 terminal and the timer power supply wiring 13 described above to NMΩ. And connecting the D0 terminal and the above-described GND via a 0Ω resistor (or only with a wire without a resistor). .
If the D1 terminal is set to a potential of “1”, the D1 terminal and the timer power supply wiring 13 are connected via a resistance of 0Ω (or only with no resistance), and the D1 terminal and GND are connected. It may be configured by connecting through an NMΩ resistor (for example, a sufficiently large resistance such as MΩ). If the D2 terminal is set to a potential of “0”, only the wiring without resistance is connected to the D2 terminal and GND. It will be configured by connecting with.
Other configurations, operational effects, and usage modes of the charge / discharge circuit 1 are the same as those of the first embodiment.

<Electroscope 20>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the voltage detector 20 includes the charge / discharge circuit 1 according to the first and second embodiments, and the energization of the electric circuit R using the output current Y discharged from the charge / discharge circuit 1. Is to inspect.
The voltage detector 20 is periodically discharged from a pair of gate electrodes 21 connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A and the cathode end outer electrode 8K in the charge / discharge circuit 1 and a plurality of capacitors 2 in the charge / discharge circuit 1, respectively. A light emitting unit 22 blinking with current Y is provided.

In addition, as will be described later, the voltage detector 20 may include a rectifier 23 that converts an alternating current into a direct current if the electric circuit R is an alternating current circuit R ′.
Further, first, the electric circuit R through which the voltage detector 20 inspects energization will be described in detail.

<Electric circuit R (AC electric circuit R '), electric field E, etc.>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, the electric circuit R is a current path or an electric circuit, and is connected to the voltage detector 20 to inspect whether current is flowing (energized). In addition, conductors such as copper, aluminum, silver, gold, and nichrome, cables in which the conductors are covered with an insulator, and general electric wires are included.
The current flowing through the electric circuit R may be either an alternating current or a direct current. The electric circuit through which the alternating current flows is referred to as an AC electric circuit R ′, and the electric circuit through which the DC electric circuit flows is referred to as a DC electric circuit R ″.

The electric circuit R may have any configuration as long as a current flows. For example, the AC circuit R ′ may be a predetermined voltage (for example, a high voltage) in a distribution board of a solar power plant (solar power plant). If possible, it may be a three-phase cable (one or two of them, such as 6600V or 22000V, such as 100V to 200V even at low voltage) or a bus bar (see FIGS. 1, 5 and 8).
As shown in FIG. 8, the inside of the switchboard is dim, and if it is further over the cover, it is difficult to confirm the position of the AC circuit R ′. However, the user can easily energize the user by the light emitting unit 22 of the voltage detector 20. You can show the status.
As an example of other AC electric circuit R ′, a commercial power source may be an outlet or breaker provided in a house, a building, a power transmission facility, or the like.

On the other hand, as an example of the DC electric circuit R ″, in a photovoltaic power plant, a large number of solar cell panels, a large number of solar cell strings in which a plurality of these solar cell panels are connected in series, and a plurality of these solar cell strings A DC cable in a junction box to be bundled may be used.
Other examples of the DC electric circuit R ″ may include appliances in which a DC current flows, desktop computers, notebook computers, office devices, various terminals, and the like.
Hereinafter, the electric circuit R will be described as an AC electric circuit R ′ (particularly, a 6600V or 22000V three-phase cable).

<A pair of gate electrodes 21 (gate capacitor 21')>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5-7, the pair of gate electrodes 21 is a pair of electrodes connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A and the cathode end outer electrode 8K in the charge / discharge circuit 1, respectively. 21 constitutes a gate capacitor 21 '.
When the pair of gate electrodes 21 is positioned in the electric field E generated by energization of the electric circuit R (AC circuit R ′ or the like) described above, a potential difference between the pair of gate electrodes 21 is generated.
The pair of gate electrodes 21 may be provided in any of the voltage detectors 20 as long as a potential difference is generated in the electric field E generated by energization of the AC circuit R ′ or the like. For example, the charge / discharge circuit 1 Each of the gate electrodes 21 may be provided on the cover (lid, front surface) 31 side of the casing 30 containing the substrate 24 and on the rear side of the chassis 32 that supports the substrate 24 by the casing 30.

The gate electrode 21 (21a) on the cover 31 side is a cover-side metal (iron, copper, aluminum, silver, gold, nichrome, etc.) plate (not shown) attached to the inside of the cover 31, copper, nickel, etc. The thing etc. which apply | coated the coating material containing the conductive material of the inside to the cover 31 may be sufficient.
The gate electrode 21a on the cover 31 side is connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A or the cathode end outer electrode 8K in the charge / discharge circuit 1 via a gate contact 25 (for example, a gasket in which a conductive cloth is wound around polyurethane foam). May be connected.

On the other hand, the gate electrode 21 (21b) on the rear side of the chassis 32 is a rear side metal (iron, copper, aluminum, silver, gold, nichrome, etc.) plate 33 provided on the rear side of the chassis 32. It may be applied to the inside of the chassis 32.
The gate electrode 21b on the rear surface side of the chassis 32 is connected to the outer end electrodes 8K and 8A that are not connected to the gate electrode 21a on the cover 31 side among the cathode parallel wiring 9K and the anode end outer electrode 8A in the charge / discharge circuit 1. It may be connected via the gate electrode wiring 26.

The gate electrode wiring 26 is wired from the component surface (front surface) 24a side of the substrate 24 of the charge / discharge circuit 1 to the solder surface (back surface) 24b side through the through hole 24c, and via the wiring terminal 26a, the rear surface of the chassis 32. It may be connected to the side gate electrode 21b (metal plate 33 or the like).
In addition, each capacitor | condenser 2 of each charging / discharging circuit 1, each switch 3, 4, each wiring 5, 10, 13, each diode 6, 10, 14, timer part 11, RC circuit 19, the other resistance member mentioned later, a diode member The lightning surge protection element is disposed on the component surface (front surface) 24 a side of the substrate 24.
Further, the substrate 24 and the chassis 32, or the chassis 32 and the back side metal plate 33 may be attached by a double-sided tape 34, and the chassis 32 and the cover 31 may be fastened by a predetermined number of screws 35. .

The distance between the gate electrode 21 on the cover 31 side and the gate electrode 21 on the back side of the chassis 32 is not particularly limited, but may be a predetermined value (for example, 10 mm) or more.
Between the pair of gate electrodes 21, there are the charge / discharge circuit 1 and the substrate 24 built in the casing 30, but the others may be cavities (air).
The capacitance between the pair of gate electrodes 21 (gate capacitor 21 ′) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.005 pF to 50,000.000 pF, preferably 0.01 pF to 10000.00 μF, Preferably, it may be 0.1 pF or more and 1000.00 pF or less (0.5 pF, 4 pF, 20 pF, 100 pF, 200 pF, 250 pF, etc.).

<Light emitting unit 22>
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, the light emitting unit 22 represents the state in which the electric circuit R (AC electric circuit R ′ or the like) is energized with light (FIG. 1). 5 is represented by LED1).
The light emitting unit 22 may have any configuration, for example, a state where the AC electric circuit R ′ or the like is energized is represented by blinking light.

Specifically, the light emitting unit 22 may be a light emitting diode (LED), an organic EL (organic electroluminescence), a neon lamp, a halogen lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp (fluorescent lamp), mercury, etc. A discharge lamp such as a lamp (mercury lamp) may be used.
In the following description, it is assumed that the light emitting unit 22 is mainly a light emitting diode.

The light emitting unit 22 may be configured to emit light (turn on) at a predetermined discharge cycle (also referred to as a light emission cycle) T by the charge / discharge circuit 1 described above, and a duty ratio of a discharge time (light emission time) T ′ with respect to the light emission cycle T. D (that is, duty ratio D = (light emission time T ′) ÷ (light emission period T)) may be 0.000001 or more and 0.500000 or less.
The light emitting unit 22 may be covered with a lens 36 when being built in the casing 30 of the voltage detector 20, and the lens 36 and the cover 31 of the casing 30 are attached to each other with a double-sided tape 34. May be.

<Rectifier 23>
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the rectifier 23 converts an alternating current from the alternating current circuit R ′ into a direct current (D1 and D10 in FIG. 1, D1 and D1 in FIG. 5). Represented by D7).
The rectifier 23 may have any configuration as long as it can convert an alternating current into a direct current from the alternating current circuit R ′. For example, two rectifiers that are combined with two diode members into one element are used. It doesn't matter.

<Use of voltage detector 20>
When using the voltage detector 20, a bolt, a washer, a nut, a bolt, a washer, a nut, and the like are inserted into the mounting hole 37 that penetrates one end (lower part) of the casing 30 with the back side of the casing 30 close to and close to the electric circuit R. You may attach to the electric circuit R using fixing means, such as a metal fitting.
Further, a groove (not shown) may be formed at one end of the casing 30, and the voltage detector 20 may be attached to the electric circuit R using a hose band, a binding band, or the like along the groove.

<Other members of the voltage detector 20>
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the voltage detector 20 includes the charge / discharge circuit 1 described above, a plurality of capacitors (charge capacitors) 2, a changeover switch 3, a discharge switch 4, a series wiring 5, an intermediate diode 6, and a parallel connection. In addition to the wiring 9A, 9K, the parallel diode 10, the timer unit 11, the timer power supply wiring 13, the power supply diode 14, the pair of gate electrodes 21 (gate capacitor 21 '), the light emitting unit 22, the rectifier 23, etc., a resistance member, It may have a diode member, a lightning surge protection element, etc., and will be exemplified below.

The resistance members (R3, R6, and R13 in FIG. 1 and R2, R5, and R12 in FIG. 5) may each have a role, for example, R3 in FIG. 1 (in FIG. 5). In FIG. 1, R2) is the current limiting resistor of the light emitting unit 22 (LED1), and R6 in FIG. 1 (R5 in FIG. 5) is monitored at the test point (TP5 in FIGS. 1 and 5). It can be said that this is a current limiting resistor. In addition, TP1-7 in FIG.1, 5 means the test points 1-7.
D9 in FIG. 1 (D6 in FIG. 5), which is a diode member, can be said to be for protecting the light emitting unit 22 in reverse connection and for preventing back electromotive force when the light emitting unit 22 is OFF.
R13 and Z1 in FIG. 1 (R12 and Z1 in FIG. 5) are lightning protection elements. First, the resistance member of R13 applies a high voltage instantaneously to the circuit after the rectifier 23. It can be said that the lightning surge protection element of Z1 prevents a rise in the terminal voltage by passing a current to the ground when the voltage between the terminals increases due to the internal resistance of the rectifier 23.

<Others>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Each structure of the charging / discharging circuit 1, the voltage detector 20, etc., or the overall structure, shape, dimensions, and the like can be appropriately changed in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.
The charging / discharging circuit 1 may have a switch (such as a charge enable / disable switch) that prevents the input current X from flowing into the capacitor 2 when discharging from the capacitor 2.

In the case where the plurality of capacitors 2 are mainly in the parallel current state J2 during charging and the series current state J1 during discharging (from low voltage to high voltage), the charge / discharge circuit 1 described above The side that was the output wiring Y ′ is the input wiring X ′ side, and the side that was the input wiring X ′ in the charge / discharge circuit 1 is the output wiring Y ′ side.
When the plurality of capacitors 2 are in the parallel current state J2 during charging and in the series current state J1 during discharging, any one of the intermediate diodes 6 in the series wiring 5 becomes the changeover switch 3, and the parallel wirings 9A and 9K The changeover switch 3 becomes a parallel diode 10.
In this case, if the anode end outer electrode 8A side of the anode end capacitor 2A is the GND side and the discharge switch 4 is a low side switch, the discharge switch 4 in the N-channel MOSFET has its gate (G) and drain (D ) Are connected as described above, and their source (S) is connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A which is the output wiring Y ′ on the high potential side in the charge / discharge circuit 1.

On the other hand, when the plurality of capacitors 2 are in the parallel current state J2 during charging and in the series current state J1 during discharging, if the discharge switch 4 is a high-side switch, the discharge switch 4 in the P-channel MOSFET is Although the gate (G) and the drain (D) are connected as described above, the source (S) is connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K which is the output wiring Y ′ on the GND side in the charge / discharge circuit 1.
Further, in this case, the timer power supply wiring 13 connects the power supply terminal 12 of the timer unit 11 between the diode-capacitor 7D of the anode capacitor 2A in the series wiring 5 and the intermediate diode 6 adjacent to the capacitor 2A. The timer power supply wiring 13 is provided with a power supply diode 14 in the same forward direction as described above.

  As described above, the number of capacitors 2 may be two, three, four or more as long as it is plural. In FIG. 1, the number of capacitors 2 is four (C1 to C4 in FIG. 1). When the number of these capacitors 2 is three (when the dotted line indicated by A in FIG. 1 is deleted), the capacitor C1 (the anode end capacitor 2A in the series wiring 5) and the capacitor 2 are connected in parallel. The Zener diode (D2 in FIG. 1), the changeover switch 3 of Q1, and the diode of D3 (the intermediate diode 6 adjacent to the anode end capacitor 2A and the parallel diode 10) may not be mounted.

In this case, the resistance value of R1 in FIG. 1 is set to 0Ω (that is, substantially only wiring without resistance is used).
Further referring to R1, in FIG. 1, when there are four capacitors 2, the resistance value of R1 may be a sufficiently large resistance (for example, how many MΩ) (that is, substantially MΩ). May not be conducted by this R1).
In addition, the charging / discharging circuit 1 has a plurality of capacitors 2 when the input current X is no longer input (such as when the voltage detector 20 is away from the electric field E in which the voltage detector 20 is energized (such as the AC circuit R ′)). The output current Y may continue to be discharged, and after a predetermined time (for example, after about 10 seconds), the charge charged in each capacitor 2 may be 0 (zero) (discharged).

<Insulator 40>
As shown in FIG. 8, the voltage detector 20 may be attached to the insulator 40.
At this time, the pair of gate electrodes 21 (gate capacitor 21 ′) is built in the insulator 40, and a dielectric (an epoxy resin, a PET resin, nylon, or the like) having a relative dielectric constant greater than 1 is interposed between the gate electrodes 21. Synthetic resin such as resin, quartz glass, ceramics).

Thus, by incorporating the gate capacitor 21 ′ in the insulator 40 and attaching the voltage detector 20 to the insulator 40, the insulator attached to the AC circuit R ′ and the voltage detector can be used together, and space saving can be achieved.
The insulator 40 may have any configuration as long as it insulates between the electric circuit R (AC electric circuit R ′ or the like) and the support and incorporates the gate capacitor 21 ′.
In the gate capacitor 21, only the low potential side (the side not on the electric circuit R side) of the gate electrodes 21a and 21b is connected to the high potential side (for example, one input wiring Xa ′) of the charge / discharge circuit 31. The low potential side (for example, the other input wiring Xb ′) of the charge / discharge circuit 31 is grounded (grounded to GND).

The voltage detector 20 may be configured to be retrofitted to an electric circuit R (AC electric circuit R ′ or DC electric circuit R ″) that inspects (electrically detects) the state of energization, or may be attached from the beginning of manufacture of the electric circuit R.
Once attached to the electric circuit R, the voltage detector 20 may be configured so as to always perform voltage detection, or to be configured only when voltage detection is performed.
If the electric circuit R is the DC electric circuit R ″, the rectifier 23 described above is not necessary in the voltage detector 20.

The charging / discharging circuit according to the present invention includes a voltage detector, a power supply circuit for a monitoring / control device in photovoltaic power generation, and other wasteful or annoying generated voltage from an electric circuit that could not be used conventionally. Can be converted into an intended voltage or the like regardless of whether it is a high voltage or a low voltage, and can be used, for example, as a power supply source for wearable computing (using a body-worn computer).
Moreover, the voltage detector according to the present invention is not limited to a photovoltaic power plant, power transmission equipment, home use, office, factory, whether the electric circuit is alternating current or direct current, high or low potential, presence or absence of insulators, and mounting position. Is available.

1 Charge / Discharge Circuit 2 Capacitor (Charge Capacitor)
2A Anode end capacitor 2K Cathode end capacitor 3 Switch 4 Discharge switch 5 Series wiring 6 Intermediate diode 7A Anode-capacitor 7K Cathode-capacitor 7D Diode-capacitor 8A Anode end outer electrode 8K Cathode end outer electrode 9A Anode parallel wiring 9K Cathode parallel wiring 10 Parallel diode 11 Timer section 12 Timer section power supply terminal 13 Timer power supply wiring 14 Power supply diode 20 Voltage detector 21 Gate electrode 22 Light emitting section 23 Rectifier X Input current Y Output current J1 Currents are connected to a plurality of capacitors in series Flowing state J2 Flowing current in parallel through multiple capacitors R Electric circuit R 'AC electric circuit E Electric field

A charging / discharging circuit 1 according to the present invention is a charging / discharging circuit that charges an input current X to a plurality of capacitors 2 and discharges an output current Y from the plurality of capacitors 2, and currents are serially connected to the plurality of capacitors 2. A switch 3 that can be switched between a series current state J1 that can flow through the capacitor 2 and a parallel current state J2 that allows a current to flow through the capacitors 2 in parallel. A discharge switch 4 for starting the discharge of the output current Y from the capacitor, and a series wiring 5 in which the plurality of capacitors 2 are connected in series. The series wiring 5 is provided between two adjacent capacitors 2. An intermediate diode 6 having a uniform forward direction from the anode to the cathode is disposed, and an anode-coordinate between the anode side of the intermediate diode 6 and a capacitor adjacent to the anode side is provided. Anode parallel wiring 9A in which each of the densers 7A is connected to the cathode end outer electrode 8K opposite to the intermediate diode in the cathode end capacitor 2K located at the end of the series wiring 5 and adjacent only to the cathode side of the intermediate diode 6. And the cathode-capacitor 7K between the cathode side of the intermediate diode 6 and the capacitor adjacent to the cathode side are located at the end of the series wiring 5 and are adjacent to the anode side of the intermediate diode 6 only. 2A, a cathode parallel wiring 9K connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A opposite to the intermediate diode in 2A, the selector switch 3 is disposed in the anode parallel wiring 9A, and the cathode parallel wiring 9K is connected to the cathode Forward from 7K between capacitors toward anode outer electrode 8A A parallel diode 10 is disposed on the cathode parallel wiring 9K. The selector switch 3 is disposed on the cathode parallel wiring 9K, and the anode parallel wiring 9A is forwardly directed from the cathode end outer electrode 8K toward the anode-capacitor 7A. The first feature is that a parallel diode 10 is provided, or that the selector switch 3 is provided in the anode parallel wiring 9A and the cathode parallel wiring 9K .

A second feature of the charge / discharge circuit 1 according to the present invention includes, in addition to the first feature, a timer unit 11 that periodically performs switching by the changeover switch 3 and discharge start by the discharge switch 4. A timer power supply wiring 13 is connected to a diode-capacitor 7D between the cathode terminal capacitor 2K or the anode terminal capacitor 2A and the intermediate diode 6 adjacent to the capacitor 2K, 2A. A power supply diode 14 is disposed in the timer power supply wiring 13 in the forward direction from the diode-capacitor 7D toward the power supply terminal 12.

The first feature of the voltage detector 20 according to the present invention includes the charge / discharge circuit 1 having the second feature described above, and the current R is energized using the output current Y discharged from the charge / discharge circuit 1. And a pair of gate electrodes 21 respectively connected to the anode end outer electrode 8A and the cathode end outer electrode 8K in the charge / discharge circuit 1, and the pair of gate electrodes 21 are connected to the electric circuit R. When positioned in the electric field E generated by energization, the plurality of capacitors 2 are charged with the input current X due to the potential difference between the pair of gate electrodes 21, and the output current is periodically discharged from the plurality of capacitors 2. It is in the point provided with the light emission part 22 which blinks by Y.

Claims (5)

A charging / discharging circuit that charges a plurality of capacitors (2) with an input current (X) and discharges an output current (Y) from the plurality of capacitors (2),
A changeover switch (J1) capable of switching between a series current state (J1) in which a current can flow in series to the plurality of capacitors (2) and a parallel current state (J2) in which a current can flow in parallel to the plurality of capacitors (2) 3)
In addition to the changeover switch (3), the charging / discharging circuit further includes a discharge switch (4) for starting discharge of the output current (Y) from the plurality of capacitors (2). A series wiring (5) in which the plurality of capacitors (2) are connected in series;
In this series wiring (5), an intermediate diode (6) in which the forward direction from the anode to the cathode is aligned is arranged between two adjacent capacitors (2).
The anode-capacitor (7A) between the anode side of the intermediate diode (6) and the capacitor adjacent to the anode side is located at the end of the series wiring (5) and only on the cathode side of the intermediate diode (6). An anode parallel wiring (9A) connected to the cathode end outer electrode (8K) opposite to the intermediate diode in the cathode end capacitor (2K) adjacent to
The cathode-capacitor (7K) between the cathode side of the intermediate diode (6) and the capacitor adjacent to the cathode side is located at the end of the series wiring (5) and only on the anode side of the intermediate diode (6). A cathode parallel wiring (9K) connected to the anode end outer electrode (8A) opposite to the intermediate diode in the anode end capacitor (2A) adjacent to
The selector switch (3) is disposed in the anode parallel wiring (9A), and is parallel to the cathode parallel wiring (9K) in the forward direction from the cathode-capacitor (7K) toward the anode end outer electrode (8A). A diode (10) is disposed;
The selector switch (3) is disposed in the cathode parallel wiring (9K), and is parallel to the anode parallel wiring (9A) in the forward direction from the cathode end outer electrode (8K) to the anode-capacitor (7A). A diode (10) is disposed, or
The charge / discharge circuit according to claim 1, wherein the changeover switch (3) is disposed in the anode parallel wiring (9A) and the cathode parallel wiring (9K). A timer unit (11) that periodically performs switching by the changeover switch (3) and discharge start by the discharge switch (4);
The power supply terminal (12) of the timer unit (11) is connected between the cathode capacitor (2K) or the anode capacitor (2A) and the diode capacitor between the intermediate diode (6) adjacent to the capacitor (2K, 2A). (7D) having a timer power wiring (13) connected to
The power supply diode (14) is disposed in the timer power supply wiring (13) in a forward direction from the diode-capacitor (7D) to the power supply terminal (12). The charge / discharge circuit described. A charge detector comprising the charge / discharge circuit (1) according to claim 3, and using the output current (Y) discharged from the charge / discharge circuit (1) to inspect the energization of the electric circuit (R),
A pair of gate electrodes (21) connected to the anode end outer electrode (8A) and the cathode end outer electrode (8K) in the charge / discharge circuit (1),
When the pair of gate electrodes (21) is positioned in an electric field (E) generated by energization of the electric circuit (R), an input current (X) due to a potential difference between the pair of gate electrodes (21) is supplied to the plurality of gate electrodes (21). Charge the capacitor (2)
A voltage detector comprising a light emitting section (22) flashing with an output current (Y) periodically discharged from the plurality of capacitors (2). The electric circuit (R) is an AC electric circuit (R ′),
A rectifier (23) for converting an alternating current into a direct current from the alternating current circuit (R ′);
The direct current from the rectifier (23) is charged to the plurality of capacitors (2) as the input current (X),
At the time of charging the plurality of capacitors (2), the changeover switch (3) sets the series current state (J1), and before discharging from the plurality of capacitors (2), the changeover switch (3) causes the parallel current state ( J2)
5. The voltage detector according to claim 4, wherein discharge of an output current (Y) is started by the discharge switch (4) after being set to the parallel current state (J <b> 2).