JP2018184801A - Refractory structure of wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep a function that a column supports a beam for a long time in the case of fire and ensure long time to collapse of structural framework in a structure in which a part of the column is exposed in a room.SOLUTION: A column 1 has a flat rectangular cross section in which a pair of sides of the cross section is longer than the other pair of sides. In this column, the rectangular cross-sectional part covered with a gypsum board 9 whose side faces including the long side of the cross section is the column part fireproof covering material and a plating board 8 which is a wood member is a burnout prevention part 1b, and a side surface in the longitudinal direction is a rectangular cross-sectional part presenting part 1a exposed in the room. A beam 2 is covered with a gypsum board 12 whose part or the whole of the side surface is a beam part fireproof covering material or a right angle beam 6 which is another wood member. At the joining part between the column and the beam, the burnout prevention part 1b is provided so as to be continuous beyond a covered region 2a whose side surface is covered with the beam part fireproof covering material of the beam or the other wood member and the joining surface of the column and the beam. At least one of a plurality of joint metals 5 joining the column and the beam is fixed to the burnout prevention part of the column and the covered region of the beam.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a fireproof structure for a wooden building in which a time until a structural housing collapses when a fire occurs is maintained for a long time.

When a fire breaks out in a wooden building, if the structural frame is burned out and collapses at an early stage, it may be difficult to ensure the safety of the user and digestion activities may be dangerous. For this reason, it is set as a fireproof structure so that time until a structural frame collapses is ensured long.
When a structural frame made of wood is exposed to a fire flame, combustion proceeds from the surface, and the burnout area expands toward the center of the wood. As a fire-resistant structure capable of delaying the progress of such combustion, there is one that covers the surface of wood with a member having fire resistance.

  On the other hand, in wooden buildings, a structure in which beams and pillars constituting a structural frame are exposed in a living room has been adopted for a long time in order to make use of the beauty of the surface of wood. For example, a Japanese-style room or the like often employs a true wall that forms a wall within the width of a pillar. In addition, large beams are often used to suppress the vibration of the upper floors, and columns with large cross-sectional dimensions are often used to form a ramen structure. Pillars may be exposed in the room. In this way, the beams and pillars exposed in the living room are burned out from the surface in the event of a fire.

  As described above, Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which only the upper part of a beam is covered with a fireproof covering material to suppress the burning of the beam used by taking advantage of the beauty of wood. In this structure, the lower part of the beam is exposed in the living room, and a predetermined range of the upper part of the beam is covered with a fireproof covering material to delay the progress of the combustion at the upper part of the beam in the event of a fire. It is intended to maintain functionality.

JP 2014-9499 A

  In general, wooden pillars or beams function as pillars or beams in the remaining cross section if the burned area is limited to a presumed extent even if part of the fire burns from the surface in the event of a fire. It has. However, when combustion proceeds to the joint between the column and the beam, the joint may lose its function and the beam may collapse. In particular, if the pillar has a so-called manifestation structure in which a part of the pillar is exposed in the living room, the pillar may lose the function of supporting the beam at an early stage.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is a structure in which a part of the surface of the pillar is exposed in the living room, and the function of the pillar supporting the beam in the event of a fire is maintained for a long time. And it is providing the fireproof structure of the wooden building which can ensure long time to collapse of a structural frame.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is directed to a wooden column having a flat rectangular cross section in which a pair of sides of a cross section is longer than the other pair of sides. A wooden beam to be supported, and the pillar includes a burnout suppressing portion whose both side surfaces including a long side of the cross section are a rectangular cross section covered with a column fireproof covering material or another wooden member, and the cross section A side surface including a long side of the exposed portion is a rectangular cross-section exposed in the living room, and the beam is covered with a part or all of the side surface of the fireproof covering material of the beam portion or the wood member, The burnout suppressing portion is provided so as to be continuous with a covered region of the beam covered with a fireproof covering material of the beam or another wooden member and beyond a joint surface between the column and the beam, And at least one of a metal fitting or a plurality of metal fittings joining the beam to the front of the column. It provides the fire structure wooden structure that is fixed to the burn suppressing portion and the covering region of the beam.

In this fireproof structure, a part of the pillar was exposed to the interior of the room to make use of the grain, and the fireproof covering part covered with the fireproof covering material of the pillar or other wood was exposed to a fire flame. Sometimes combustion can be delayed to the inside of the pillar. And since the burnout suppression part of the column and the covering region of the beam are continuous beyond the joint surface between the column and the beam, even if the burnout progresses from the exposed part exposed in the column chamber, A region where the progress of burning is delayed so as to be continuous with the beam is secured. And, at the joint between the column and the beam, the joint metal object connects the burnout suppressing part and the covering region where the burnout is delayed, and the column can support the beam when exposed to a fire. Can be maintained for a long time.
The wooden member includes a wooden member attached so as to be in contact with the side surface of the column or beam, and other wooden beams that are joined to the column or beam by abutting an end surface thereof. Yes, and covers the abutted area.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the beam has a flat rectangular cross section in which the vertical dimension of the cross section is longer than the horizontal dimension, The beam is supported on the column with the axis of the beam directed in the direction of the long side of the cross section of the column, and the column and the column by joint hardware fixed to both ends in the long side direction of the upper end surface of the column. The beam is joined, the upper part of the beam is the covering region, and the lower part is exposed in the living room, and the entire region in the vertical direction of the beam is the covering region above the burnout suppressing portion. It shall be.

  This fireproof structure is a so-called beam-winning structure in which the beam is supported so as to be placed on a pillar, and the lower part of the beam is exposed in the living room. Therefore, although fire damage progresses from the lower part of the beam and the exposed part of the column due to the fire in the living room, the entire area in the vertical direction of the beam is covered above the burn-in suppression part at the joint part between the column and the beam, The burnout suppression part and the covering area of the beam are continuous. And the metal joint has connected the said burnout suppression part and the coating | coated area | region of a beam, and when the fire in a living room continues, the state in which a pillar can support a beam at a junction part is maintained long.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the beam has a flat rectangular cross section in which the vertical dimension of the cross section is longer than the horizontal dimension, The beam abuts the end face of the beam against the side surface including the short side of the cross section of the column, and is joined to the column by a joint hardware provided at the upper part and the lower part of the beam, and the beam is an upper part of the side surface. And the lower part is exposed in the living room, the exposed part of the column is provided to be continuous with the part of the beam exposed in the living room, and the burnout suppressing part is the beam. Is expanded in the horizontal direction at the height of the joint, and is continuous with the covered region of the beam.

  This fireproof structure is a so-called column winning structure in which the beam is joined so as to abut against the side of the column, and the lower part of the beam is exposed in the living room. Therefore, the fire in the living room causes burning from the lower part of the beam and the exposed part of the column, and there is a possibility that the joint hardware fixed to the lower part of the beam loses its function at the joint part of the column and the beam. However, the burnout suppression part of the column is expanded in the horizontal direction at the height position where the beam is joined, and is continuous with the covering region of the beam. And the covering region of the beam are kept connected. Thereby, when the fire in the living room continues, the state in which the pillar can support the beam at the joint can be maintained for a long time.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pillar and the beam are a plurality of joint hardware provided at positions separated from each other. The joint hardware is capable of transmitting a bending moment, and the joint hardware is capable of supporting a short-term load including a force acting during an earthquake or a dynamic load by a user of the wooden building through the joint hardware. The joint hardware fixed to the burnout suppressing part of the column and the covering region of the beam has a strength capable of supporting a long-term load that acts in the event of a fire.

In this fireproof structure, the columns and beams are made into a ramen structure by joining with multiple joint hardware, and this structure allows the structural frame of the wooden building to resist all the loads assumed in advance. It will be something. When the column or beam is exposed to a flame, the joint hardware fixed in the area where the burnout has progressed loses its function, and the function of transmitting the bending moment between the column and the beam decreases or disappears. May occur. However, the state in which the column supports the beam is maintained by the fact that one or a plurality of joint hardware fixed to the burnout suppressing portion of the column and the covering region of the beam can support a long-term load. The
The above short-term loads are resisted by wooden structures such as their own weight, equipment and household items installed in the building, loads of those who use the building, horizontal and vertical forces during an earthquake, wind loads, etc. All the loads assumed as the required load and all the combinations thereof.
The above long-term load is a load that is assumed to be active even in a fire, and excludes a load that does not need to be assumed to act in a fire and a load that is extremely unlikely to act in a fire. The horizontal and vertical forces during an earthquake, wind loads, etc. are not included.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the burnout suppressing portion is in contact with a side surface including a long side of a cross section of the pillar. It is assumed that it is provided in the range of the thickness of the wall formed in the above.

  In this fireproof structure, a part of the pillar is exposed to the interior of the room so that the wood grain can be utilized in the interior, and the portion covered with the fireproof coating material can be housed in the wall to provide a well-designed interior.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to claim 5, wherein the wall surface refractory material supported along the surface of the wall is abutted against the side surface of the column, and the side surface of the column It is assumed that the pillar portion fire-resistant coating material or the wood member that covers the surface is supported in contact with the pillar portion.

  In this fireproof structure, it is possible to reduce the influence of the fire on the wall by the wall surface fireproof material, and to delay the progress of the combustion to the burnout suppressing portion of the column housed in the wall.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the fireproof structure of the wooden building according to claim 6, wherein the pillar fireproof covering material that covers the side surface of the burnout suppressing portion is attached to the wooden member, and the wall surface fireproofing The material is fixed to the wooden member.

  In this fireproof structure, since the burnout suppressing portion of the column is covered with the wooden member, the wooden member functions as a burning allowance, and it is suppressed that the combustion zone reaches the column. And by fixing a wall surface refractory material to the wooden member which contact | abutted and fixed to the pillar, this wall surface refractory material can be easily fixed in the state contact | abutted to the side surface of the column.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the ceiling refractory material provided along the ceiling surface is attached to a side surface of the beam. A fire-resistant covering material or the wooden part that covers the beam is in contact with the fire-resistant covering material of the beam part or the wooden member, and the ceiling refractory material and the wall surface refractory material are the upper part of the wall. And are in contact with each other at the peripheral edge of the ceiling surface.

  In this fireproof structure, the wall fireproof material and the ceiling fireproof material can reduce the influence of the fire in the living room on the back of the ceiling and the wall. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the burning of the pillar burnout suppressing portion and the covering region of the beam and to maintain the function of supporting the beam by the column at the joint portion between the column and the beam for a longer time.

  As described above, in the fireproof structure of a wooden building according to the present invention, a part of the surface of the pillar is exposed in the living room to make an interior utilizing the grain, and the pillar supports the beam in the event of a fire. It is possible to maintain a long time and to secure a long time until the structural housing collapses.

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the fireproof structure of the wooden building which is one Embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is the figure which looked at the junction part of a pillar and a beam from the downward direction. It is a perspective view from the top which shows the junction structure of the pillar and beam shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the junction part of the pillar and beam of the fireproof structure shown in FIG. It is a plane sectional view in the AA line shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing in the BB line shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which the column shown in FIG. 4 is exposed to a flame, and combustion progresses. It is the schematic which shows the frame structure containing the pillar and beam of the fireproof structure shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the fireproof structure of the wooden building which is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is a figure which shows the junction part of a pillar and a beam. It is the schematic which shows the frame structure containing the pillar and beam of a fireproof structure shown in FIG. It is other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is a plane sectional view which shows the example in which only one of the side surfaces of a longitudinal direction is exposed in the living room.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a fireproof structure of a wooden building according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a view of a joint portion between a column and a beam as viewed from below. FIG. 2 is a perspective view from above showing the joining structure of the pillar and beam shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the joint between the same column and beam.
The structural frame of the wooden building includes a wooden beam 2 having a large beam and a wooden column 1 having a flat rectangular cross section for supporting the beam. And the fireproof structure of this embodiment intends to suppress the burning of the junction part of the pillar 1 and the beam 2 while applying a fireproof coating to a part of peripheral surface of these pillars 1 and the beam 2. .
As shown in FIG. 1, the beam 2 has a so-called manifestation structure in which a lower portion protrudes downward from the ceiling 4 and is exposed in the living room 3, and a column 1 is partially exposed in the living room.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the beam 2 is supported so as to be placed on the upper end surface of the column 1 with the axis line oriented in the long side direction of the cross section of the column. The width of the beam is approximately the same as the short side of the cross section of the column, and the column 1 and the beam 2 are joined to each other so that a bending moment can be transmitted using the joint metal 5. Therefore, these columns 1 and beams 2 form a ramen structure, and have a great resistance to horizontal forces during an earthquake or the like.

The joint hardware 5 includes screw members 5 a and 5 b screwed into the pillar 1 and the beam 2, and a box-shaped hardware 5 c fixed to a notch provided at the end of the pillar 1. The notch portions are provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the end surface of the column 1, and the screw member 5 a is screwed into the column 1 in the axial direction of the column 1 from the notch portion. A screw member 5 b is screwed into the beam 2 at a position facing the screw member 5 a screwed into the column 1. The box-shaped hardware 5c includes a screw member 5a screwed into the column 1 by a bolt 5d screwed into a bolt hole provided in an axial direction from end faces of the screw members 5a and 5b, and a screw member 5b screwed into the beam 2. It is fixed on both sides. Thereby, the pillar 1 and the beam 2 are connected via the joint metal fitting 5 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the flat end surface of the pillar 1 and are joined so as to transmit a bending moment.
Further, at the end of the beam 2 on the column 1, a perpendicular beam 6, which is another wooden beam from both sides and is almost the same height as the beam 2, comes into contact with the side surface of the beam 2. Let them join.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, a part of the column 1 is exposed in the living room to form an exposed portion 1 a, and a part of the side surface including the long side of the column 1, that is, in the longitudinal direction. A part of the side surface and a narrow side surface on the living room side are exposed in the living room. Both side surfaces of the column 1 in the longitudinal direction are abutted with walls 7 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the side surfaces, and are formed so as to be continuous with the column 1. Therefore, a part of the cross section of the pillar 1 is taken into the wall 7.

As a fireproof structure of such a wooden building, the pillar 1 and the beam 2 employ the following means for improving fire resistance.
An attachment material 8 is fixed to a portion of the side wall of the column 1 so as to cover the side surface of the column. The attachment material 8 is made of wood, and has the effect of delaying the burning region from reaching the column by burning prior to the column when the column is exposed to a flame. Further, a gypsum board 9 that functions as a pillar fireproof covering material is attached to the attachment material 8.

The attachment material 8 and the column portion fireproof covering material include a pillar portion fireproof covering material such as gypsum board, in addition to a material in which the attachment material 8 is brought into contact with the side surface of the column and the column portion fireproof covering material is stacked thereon. You may attach to the side surface of a pillar and attach the attachment material which consists of wood on it.
Moreover, it is not limited to what uses both the attachment material 8 and a column part fireproof covering material, You may use only the attachment material 8 which consists of wood, or only uses column part fireproof covering materials, such as a gypsum board. May be. As the pillar fireproof covering material, it is possible to use other materials such as calcium silicate board, wood chip cement board, steel plate, etc., which can delay the incombustible or incombustible material or the burning area on the pillar. These materials are preferably formed in advance in a panel shape, and the same kind of materials or different kinds of materials can be used in layers.
Further, the attachment material and the column portion fireproof covering material may be provided in the horizontal direction. In other words, when the cross section of the column is viewed, the side portion of the burnout suppressing portion coexists with the portion covered with the additional material that is wood and the portion covered with the column portion fireproof covering material.

A gypsum board 10 is used as a wall refractory material on the wall 7 continuing to the column 1, and the end edge is abutted against the side surface in the long side direction of the column, and the back surface near the end edge is in contact with the attachment material 8. The attachment material 8 is fixed with screws or the like. When the attachment material 8 made of wood is not used, the wall surface refractory material can be fixed by providing a stud in the wall.
Moreover, the short side surface in the wall of the pillar 1 is a gypsum board 11 that forms the wall surface of the living room on the back side of the wall, or an outer wall material such as mortar when the back side is outdoors, a panel shape or a plate shape. It is a member and is covered by siding or the like attached to the outer wall.
Thus, the part in the wall of the pillar 1 is a gypsum board 10 which is a wall-side fireproof material on the room side, an attachment material 8, a gypsum board 9 which is a fireproof covering material in the wall and a wall-side fireproof material on the back side. This is a burnout suppressing portion 1b that is covered with the gypsum board 11 and the combustion progress is delayed even when the pillar 1 is exposed to a fire.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the beam 2 is covered with a gypsum board 12 that is a beam fireproof covering material at the upper part of both sides, and the lower part is exposed below the ceiling surface and exposed in the living room 3. . As the beam portion fireproof covering material, a calcium silicate board, a wood piece cement board, and the like can be used in addition to the gypsum board similarly to the pillar portion fireproof covering material. Moreover, the covering of the upper part of the beam 2 may be one that attaches a wooden member in the same manner as the pillar and delays the combustion, or uses the wooden member and the fire-resistant covering material of the beam overlapped with each other, It may be provided side by side with the beam portion fireproof covering material. The wooden member covering the beam may be used as a ceiling base material fixed so as to contact the side surface of the beam.

On the other hand, an upper floor 13 is supported on the beam 2, and the floor 13 covers the upper surface of the beam 2. A gypsum board 4a is used for the ceiling 4 as a ceiling refractory material, and a ceiling surface is formed by applying a decorative material to the lower surface of the gypsum board 4a.
The gypsum board 4a, which is the above-mentioned ceiling refractory material, abuts against the gypsum board 12 which is the beam portion refractory covering material supported while being abutted against the side surface of the beam 2 while the end edge is abutted against the side surface of the beam 2. It is fixed. Above the ceiling surface, the side and top surfaces of the beam 2 are covered with the beam portion fireproof covering material, the ceiling fireproof material 4a, and the floor board 13 of the upper floor, and when exposed to a fire flame, combustion occurs inside the beam 2. It becomes the coating | coated area | region 2a which delays progress to this.

In the joint portion between the column 1 and the beam 2, as shown in FIG. 3, the perpendicular beam 6 is joined above the burn-in suppressing portion of the column 1 with the end face abutting against the side surface of the beam 2. Therefore, above the burnout suppressing portion 1b of the column 1, the side surface of the beam 2 is covered with the perpendicular beam 6 and the entire area in the vertical direction is included in the covered region. Further, in the portion where the beam 2 is mounted on the column 1, the upper part of the side surface of the beam 2 is covered with a gypsum board 12 which is a beam portion fireproof covering material above the ceiling surface. Therefore, the burnout suppressing portion 1b of the column 1 is continuous beyond the joint surface 14 with the covering region including the range in which the beam 6 in the perpendicular direction of the beam 2 is in contact and the range covered with the fire-resistant covering material for the beam portion. . Of the metal fittings that join the column and the beam at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the upper end surface of the column 1, the metal fitting 5 </ b> A provided on the wall side is composed of the burnout suppressing portion 1 b of the column 1 and the covering region of the beam 2. These parts are fixed to each other.
On the other hand, a portion 2 b exposed in the living room below the beam 2 is continuous with the exposed portion 1 a of the column 1 at the junction with the column 1. And the joining metal fitting 5B provided in the edge part by the side of the living room side of the upper end surface of the pillar 1 connects the exposed part 1a of the pillar 1 and the part 2b exposed in the living room of the beam 2, The metal mold 5c is exposed in the living room.

  When such a structural frame including the column 1 and the beam 2 is exposed to a flame at the time of a fire, combustion proceeds from the exposed portion 1a and the portion 2b exposed in the chamber of the beam, and the column burnout suppressing portion 1b and the beam In the covered region 2a, the progress of combustion is delayed. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the burning of the pillar 1 proceeds from the surface exposed in the living room toward the inside, the burned portion 1c expands, and the region 1d that can support the load rapidly narrows in the appearing portion 1a. And in the burning suppression part 1b, the progress of combustion is delayed and a part where the function of supporting the load is maintained remains largely. Note that if the exposure time to the flame is long, the combustion proceeds further than the state shown in FIG. 6 and the combustion region may reach the burnout suppressing portion 1b. The area 1e that has not been lost remains larger than the appearing portion 1a. In the beam 2 as well, a large area that can bear a load remains in the beam in the covered area 2a. In this way, the burn-in suppressing portion 1b and the metal fitting 5A fixed to the covering region 2a where the progress of the combustion is delayed joins the portions that remain largely burned, and even if the burn-out due to fire progresses, the column 1 and the beam 2 The function in which the pillar 1 supports the beam 2 at the joint is maintained for a long time.

  When such a pillar 1 and a beam 2 form a ramen structure as shown in FIG. 7, for a short-term load including a horizontal force and a wind load at the time of an earthquake, two joint hardware 5A, The entire cross section between the column 1 and the beam 2 joined at 5B resists as a ramen structure. Therefore, as the two joint hardwares 5A and 5B, those having sufficient strength for the column 1 and the beam 2 to function as a rigid frame structure with respect to the short-term load are used. Further, even when the exposed portion 1a of the pillar 1 and the lower portion of the beam 2 are burned out in the event of a fire, and the joint metal fitting 5B on the living room side has lost its function, the region indicated by the halftone dots in FIG. The load is supported by the column burnout suppressing portion 1b and the covering region 2a above the beam. At this time, the column 1 and the beam 2 do not function as a ramen structure. However, the load acting in the event of a fire can be a long-term load excluding seismic loads, wind loads, dynamic loads, etc. that are not expected to act simultaneously with the fire. Therefore, the long-term load acting on the beam 2 including the weight of the beam 2 and the load transmitted from an upper floor pillar (not shown) standing on the beam 2 is caused by the burnout suppressing portion 1b and the covering region 2a of the beam. It can be supported by the pillar 1 via the joint metal 5A fixed to the base. That is, the joint metal 5A fixed to the burnout suppressing portion 1b and the covering region 2a of the beam can support the beam 2 on which a long-term load acts only by this. Thus, in the event of a fire, the load is supported mainly by the column burnout suppressing portion 1b, the beam covering region 2a, and the metal fitting 5A connecting these portions, and the beam 2 is prevented from burning out early.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a fireproof structure of a wooden building according to another embodiment of the present invention, and is a view showing a joint portion between a column and a beam.
This wooden building, like the wooden building shown in FIG. 1, includes a wooden beam 22 having a large structural frame and a wooden column 21 having a flat rectangular cross section for supporting it. This structural frame has a so-called column winning structure in which the beams 22 are joined so as to abut against the side surfaces of the columns 21. As shown in FIG. 8, the beam 22 protrudes downward from the ceiling 24 and is exposed in the living room 23, and the column 21 has a so-called manifestation structure in which a part is exposed in the living room 23. .

  As shown in FIG. 8, the upper part and the lower part of the end part of the beam 22 are joined to the column 21 by using a metal fitting 25, and the bending moment between the column 21 and the beam 22 is as shown in FIG. Can be transmitted. The same metal fitting 25 as that shown in FIG. 3 is used as the joint metal 25. In this structural case, the screw member 25a is placed horizontally from the notch provided at the upper and lower portions of the beam 22 to the beam 22. In addition to being screwed in the direction, the screw member 25b is also screwed in the horizontal direction at the position where the column 21 is opposed. The box-shaped hardware 25c is fixed to the opposing screw members 25a, 25b by bolts 25d screwed into bolt holes provided in the axial direction from the end faces of these screw members 25a, 25b, and the pillars are connected via the box-shaped hardware 25c. 21 and the beam 22 are joined. Further, in this structure, a beam receiving metal 27 is fixed to the column as a third bonding metal between two bonding metal 25 by bolts 28, and shear force acting on the beam end is transmitted to the column 21 by this beam receiving metal 26. It is supposed to be.

  In addition, a beam 26 having the same height as the beam 22 and a direction perpendicular to the beam 21 is joined to the column 21 so that the end surface abuts against the side surface in the longitudinal direction of the column 21.

The said wooden building is equipped with the following fireproof structures.
As in the case of the pillar 1 shown in FIG. 4, a part of the pillar 21 is exposed in the living room 23 to form the appearing portion 21 a, and a portion taken into the wall 29 continuous to the pillar 21 is suppressed from burning. It is part 21b. The burnout suppressing portion 21b is attached with an additional material made of wood and a gypsum board 31 that is a column fireproof covering material. Further, a gypsum board 32 is used as a wall refractory material on the wall 29 continuing to the column 21, the end edge is abutted against the side surface in the longitudinal direction of the column 21, and the attachment material and the column fixed to the column 21 are used. It is fixed so as to contact the partial fireproof covering material 31.

Similarly to the beam 2 shown in FIG. 5, the upper part of both sides of the beam 22 is a covered region 22 a covered with a gypsum board 33 which is a beam portion fireproof coating material. The floor board 34 is supported and the upper surface is covered with the floor board 34. The lower part of the beam 22 protrudes downward from the ceiling 24 and is exposed in the living room 23.
The gypsum board 24a used as a ceiling refractory material is fixed so as to abut against the side portion of the beam 22 and also to the beam portion refractory covering material 33 supported in contact with the side surface of the beam 22 while the edge is abutted against the side surface of the beam 22. ing. The edge of the ceiling 24 is in contact with the upper edge of the wall surface refractory material 32.

  In the joint portion between the column 21 and the beam 22, as shown in FIG. 8, the perpendicular beam 26 is joined above the burnout suppressing portion 21 b in the wall 29 so that the end face abuts against the side surface of the column 21. Covered by the right-angle beam 26 and included in the burnout suppressing portion 21b. Further, in the portion where the beam 22 is joined, a gypsum board 35 is attached to the column 21 as a column portion fireproof covering material in the same height range as the range where the beam 22 is covered with the beam portion fireproof covering material 33. The range from the joint surface 36 between the column 21 and the beam 22 to the area where the perpendicular beam 26 abuts is included in the burnout suppressing portion 21b. As a result, the covering region 22a of the beam 22 and the column burnout suppressing portion 21b continue beyond the column-to-beam joining surface 36, and in this region, combustion progresses into the member during a fire. It will be behind the part 21a and the exposed part of the beam in the room. Of the metal fitting 25 that joins the column 21 and the beam 22, the metal fitting 25A that joins the upper portion of the beam and the column and the beam metal fitting 27 that bears the shearing force are fixed in the region where the progress of the combustion is delayed. ing.

  When the structural frame including the pillar 21 and the beam 22 forms a ramen structure as shown in FIG. 9, combustion occurs from the exposed portion 21a of the column and the portion 22b exposed to the interior of the beam in the event of a fire. In the drawing, the progress of the combustion is delayed in the column burnout suppressing portion 21b and the beam covering region 22a with halftone dots in the drawing. Therefore, in the burnout suppressing portion 21b of the column and the covering region 22a of the beam, a region where the function of supporting the load is not lost remains largely inside. The upper joint metal 25A and the beam support 27 fixed to the burnout suppressing portion 21b and the covering region 22a have a strength capable of supporting a long-term load acting on the beam 22 in the event of a fire. It is possible to avoid the beam 22 from collapsing early in the event of a fire.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be implemented in various modes within the scope of the present invention. For example, the joining hardware is not limited to that used in the above embodiment, and various forms or structures capable of joining a column and a beam can be used.
Although a part of the beam is exposed in the living room in the above embodiment, the beam may be entirely covered with a fireproof coating material. Further, when the upper floor is not supported on the upper surface, it is desirable to cover the upper surface with a fireproof coating material.
As for the column, the side surface in the longitudinal direction is partially exposed in the living room in the above embodiment, but only one side surface 41c is exposed in the living room 43 as the column 41 shown in FIG. It may be. This column 41 constitutes a part of the outer wall. One of the pair of side surfaces including the long side of the cross section is entirely covered with the outer wall material 44, and the other is partially taken into the wall 45 and attached. It is covered with a material 46 and a gypsum board 47. In such a case, a portion where both of the pair of side surfaces including the long side of the cross section are covered becomes the burnout suppressing portion 41b, and a portion where only one is covered becomes the exposed portion 41a.

1: pillar, 1a: exposed part of column, 1b: burnout suppression part of column, 2: beam, 2a: covered area of beam, 2b: exposed part of beam in room, 3: living room, 4: ceiling, 4a : Gypsum board as a refractory material for ceiling, 5: Bonded hardware, 5a, 5b: Screw member, 5c: Box-shaped hardware, 5d: Bolt 6: Right-angle beam, 7: Wall, 8: Additional material, 9: Column Gypsum board that functions as fireproof covering material, 10: Gypsum board (wall surface fireproof material), 11: Gypsum board (refractory material on the back side of the wall), 12: Gypsum board that functions as fireproof covering material for beams, 13: Floor board, 14: Joint surface between column and beam,
21: pillar, 21a: exposed part of the pillar, 21b: burnout suppression part of the pillar, 22: beam, 22a: covered area of the beam, 23: room, 24: ceiling, 24a: gypsum board which is a ceiling fireproof material, 25: 25a, 25b: screw member, 25c: box-shaped hardware, 25d: bolt 26: right-angle beam, 27: beam bracket, 28: bolt, 29: wall, 31: gypsum that functions as a column fireproof covering Board, 32: gypsum board (wall refractory material), 33: gypsum board that functions as a fireproof covering material for beams, 34: floor board, 35: gypsum board attached to pillars, 36: joint surface between pillars and beams,
41: Pillar, 41a: Representation part, 41b: Burnout suppression part, 41c: Side exposed in the room, 43: Living room, 44: Exterior wall material, 45: Wall, 46: Additional material, 47: Gypsum board

Claims (8)

A structural member of a wooden building includes a wooden column having a flat rectangular cross section in which a pair of sides of a cross section is longer than the other pair of sides, and a wooden beam supported by the pillar,
The pillar is
Both sides including the long side of the cross-section is a columnar fireproof covering material or a burnout suppressing part that is a rectangular cross-section part covered with a wooden member other than the pillar and the beam,
A side surface including the long side of the cross section includes a revealing portion that is a rectangular cross section exposed in a living room,
The beam is covered with a beam part fireproof covering material or a pillar and a wooden member other than the beam, part or all of the side surface,
The burnout suppression part is provided so as to continue beyond the joint area between the pillar and the beam, and the covering region of the beam covered with the fireproof covering material of the beam or the wooden member,
A wooden structure characterized in that at least one of one joint metal or a plurality of joint metal joining the pillar and the beam is fixed to the burnout suppressing part of the pillar and the covering region of the beam. Fireproof structure of things The beam has a flat rectangular cross section in which the vertical dimension of the cross section is longer than the horizontal dimension,
The beam is supported on the column with the axis of the beam directed toward the long side of the cross section of the column,
The pillar and the beam are joined by joint hardware fixed to both ends in the long side direction of the upper end surface of the pillar,
The upper part of the beam is the covering region and the lower part is exposed in the living room,
2. The fireproof structure for a wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the entire area in the vertical direction of the beam is the covering region above the burnout suppressing portion. The beam has a flat rectangular cross section in which the vertical dimension of the cross section is longer than the horizontal dimension,
The beam abuts the end face of the beam against the side surface including the short side of the cross section of the column, and is bonded to the column by a joint hardware provided at the upper and lower portions of the beam,
The beam is exposed in the living room with the upper part of the side serving as the covering region,
The exposed portion of the pillar is provided to be continuous with a portion exposed in the living room of the beam,
2. The wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the burnout suppressing portion is horizontally expanded at a height position where the beams are joined and is continuous with the covering region of the beams. Fireproof structure. The column and the beam are joined so that a bending moment can be transmitted by a plurality of joint hardware provided at positions separated from each other,
The joint hardware has a strength capable of supporting a short-term load including a force acting during an earthquake through these joint hardware or a dynamic load by a user of the wooden building,
The joint metal member fixed to the burnout suppressing part of the column and the covering region of the beam has a strength capable of supporting a long-term load acting in a fire. The fireproof structure of the wooden building in any one of Claim 1- Claim 3.   The said burnout suppression part is provided in the range of the thickness of the wall formed so that it may face to the side surface containing the long side of the cross section of the said column, The any one of Claim 1 to 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Fireproof structure of a wooden building described in Crab.   The wall surface refractory material supported along the surface of the wall is abutted against the side surface of the column, and is supported in contact with the column portion refractory coating material or the wood member covering the side surface of the column. A fireproof structure for a wooden building according to claim 5, wherein: The pillar fireproof covering material that covers the side surface of the burnout suppressing portion is attached to the wooden member,
The fireproof structure for a wooden building according to claim 6, wherein the wall surface refractory material is fixed to the wooden member. A ceiling refractory material provided along the ceiling surface includes the beam portion refractory coating material attached to the side surface of the beam or the beam portion refractory coating material along the lower edge of the wooden member covering the beam. Abutted against a wooden member
8. The wooden building according to claim 6, wherein the ceiling refractory material and the wall surface refractory material are in contact with each other at an upper portion of the wall and at a peripheral edge portion of the ceiling surface. Fireproof structure.

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