JP2018172254A - Mortar for dry-spraying construction method spraying material, and spraying material - Google Patents
Mortar for dry-spraying construction method spraying material, and spraying material Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、乾式吹付工法で吹付材に用いるフライアッシュを含むモルタルに関する。 The present invention relates to a mortar containing fly ash used as a spray material in a dry spray method.
トンネル、採掘抗、地下空間等において、掘削露出面の崩壊防止、地山構造補強、地山面からの湧水防止、またこれらの施工面を面仕上げするため、モルタルやコンクリートのセメント系吹付材が対象面に吹付けられている。セメント系吹付材は急結材の使用により急速な付着性を担保している。モルタルの乾式吹付工法では、セメントや砂等の混合物が乾粉で圧送され、吹付装置内で注水と急結剤添加が行われて吹付材が形成されるため、概して十分な混合状態を確保し難く、粉塵発生やリバウンドが起こったり、吹付時に強い付着性が得られないことがあった。粉塵発生を抑制し、付着性を高めるため、前記混合物に増粘剤、特にセルロース系の増粘剤を加えることが知られている。しかし、前記のような効果を得るためには相当量の増粘剤の添加を必要とする。このような量の増粘剤が添加された吹付用モルタルは急結性が低くなり易く、流動性も低下して施工性が著しく悪化する。流動性低下を避けるため水量（特にセメントに対する水の配合割合）を増やしたものでは、セルロース誘導体を有効成分とするような一般的な増粘剤を使用する限り、増粘作用には限界がある。このため、増粘剤を使用せずに、吹付材の粘性を高めて粉塵発生を抑制する方策として、フライアッシュを細骨材として使用することが知られている。（例えば、特許文献１参照。） In tunnels, mining pits, underground spaces, etc., mortar and concrete cement-based spray materials are used to prevent collapse of exposed excavated surfaces, reinforcement of natural ground structures, prevention of spring water from natural ground surfaces, and surface finishing of these construction surfaces. Is sprayed on the target surface. Cement-based spraying materials ensure rapid adhesion by using quick setting materials. In the dry spraying method of mortar, a mixture such as cement and sand is pumped with dry powder, and spraying is formed by adding water and quick setting agent in the spraying device, so it is generally difficult to ensure a sufficient mixing state. In some cases, dust generation or rebound occurred, or strong adhesion could not be obtained during spraying. In order to suppress dust generation and increase adhesion, it is known to add a thickener, particularly a cellulose-based thickener, to the mixture. However, in order to obtain the above effects, it is necessary to add a considerable amount of thickener. The mortar for spraying to which such an amount of the thickener is added tends to be low in quick setting, fluidity is lowered, and workability is remarkably deteriorated. In the case of increasing the amount of water (especially the mixing ratio of water to cement) in order to avoid a decrease in fluidity, there is a limit to the thickening action as long as a general thickener that uses cellulose derivatives as the active ingredient is used. . For this reason, it is known to use fly ash as a fine aggregate as a measure for suppressing the generation of dust by increasing the viscosity of the spray material without using a thickener. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1.)
しかるに、増粘剤添加時並の粘性状態を得ようとすると、大量のフライアッシュを細骨材として加えねばならず、このことによって、吹付装置へのモルタル圧送時の空気圧送の圧力損失が生じ易くなる。前記圧力損失が大きくなると、モルタルが十分圧送できずに経路中に詰まり易くなり、施工上の障害となる。また、このような施工経路上の狭窄があると、急結材や水が加え得られるべきモルタルの供給量が不足し、所定の性状の吹付材が得られない虞もある。 However, when trying to obtain a viscosity state equivalent to that when adding a thickener, a large amount of fly ash must be added as fine aggregate, which causes a pressure loss in pneumatic feeding when feeding mortar to the spraying device. It becomes easy. When the pressure loss increases, the mortar cannot be sufficiently pumped and is easily clogged in the path, which becomes an obstacle in construction. In addition, if there is such a narrowing on the construction route, the supply amount of mortar to which the quick setting material and water should be added is insufficient, and there is a possibility that a spray material having a predetermined property cannot be obtained.
このため、本発明は、乾式吹付工法の吹付材に使用するモルタルを、増粘剤を使用せずに、比較的大量のフライアッシュを使用しても、増粘剤を使用した従来のものと同等以上の強度発現性と付着性と粉塵抑制特性を付与することができ、しかも空気圧送障害が起こり難く施工性が良好であるような吹付材用モルタルとこれを用いた乾式吹付工法吹付材を提供することを課題とする。 For this reason, the present invention relates to a conventional mortar that uses a thickener, even if a relatively large amount of fly ash is used without using a thickener. A mortar for spraying materials that can give strength development, adhesion and dust suppression characteristics equal to or better than those, and that has good air transportability and good workability, and a dry-type spraying method spraying material using this mortar The issue is to provide.
本発明者らは、検討を行った結果、乾式吹付工法で吹付材に使用するモルタルを骨材とセメントの質量比を３．５〜４．５にしたモルタルとし、かつ前記モルタルは特定量のフライアッシュを配合したものとした上で、前記フライアッシュを特定の割合でセメント量の一部と骨材量の一部に置換することで、前記課題を解決できたことから本発明を完成させた。 As a result of the study, the inventors have determined that the mortar used for the spray material in the dry spray method is a mortar having a mass ratio of aggregate to cement of 3.5 to 4.5, and the mortar has a specific amount. The present invention was completed because the above-mentioned problem could be solved by replacing the fly ash with a part of the cement amount and a part of the aggregate amount at a specific ratio after the fly ash was formulated. It was.
即ち、本発明は、次の（１）〜（２）で表す乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルおよび（３）で表す乾式吹付工法吹付材である。
（１）細骨材とセメントの配合質量比（細骨材／セメント）が３．５〜４．５のモルタルであり、増粘剤と水を含まないモルタルであって、セメントのうちの５〜１５質量％がフライアッシュで残部がポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの何れか１種以上、かつ細骨材のうちの２１〜３８質量％がフライアッシュで残部が天然細骨材及び／又は人工軽量骨材であることを特徴とする乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタル。
（２）フライアッシュの総含有量がポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの含有量１００質量部に対し、１０５〜１８０質量部であることを特徴とする前記（１）の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタル。
（３）前記（１）又は（２）の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルと硫酸アルミニウムを有効成分とする液体急結材と水を含有し、前記液体急結材の含有量がポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの含有量１００質量部に対し、９〜１３質量部であることを特徴とする乾式吹付工法吹付材。
That is, the present invention is a dry spraying method mortar represented by the following (1) to (2) and a dry spraying method spraying material represented by (3).
(1) A mortar having a blending mass ratio of fine aggregate and cement (fine aggregate / cement) of 3.5 to 4.5, containing no thickener and water, and 5 of the cement ~ 15% by mass is fly ash and the balance is one or more of Portland cement and eco-cement, and 21 to 38% by mass of fine aggregate is fly ash and the balance is natural fine aggregate and / or artificial lightweight bone A mortar for dry-type spraying materials, characterized by being a material.
(2) The dry mortar for spraying material according to (1), wherein the total content of fly ash is 105 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of Portland cement and Ecocement.
(3) The dry blasting method mortar (1) or (2), a liquid quick setting material containing aluminum sulfate as an active ingredient and water are contained, and the content of the liquid quick setting material is Portland cement and ecological The dry-type spraying method spraying material characterized by being 9 to 13 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.
本発明により、増粘剤を使用しなくとも十分粉塵抑制できる粘性状態の施工性も良好なモルタルが得られ、また良好な吹付け付着性と強度発現性と施工性を具備した乾式吹付工法吹付材を得ることができる。しかも、大量のフライアッシュを使用することができるため、フライアッシュの有効活用策としても優れた発明である。 According to the present invention, a mortar with good workability in a viscous state that can sufficiently suppress dust without using a thickener is obtained, and a dry spraying method spraying with good spray adhesion, strength development and workability A material can be obtained. Moreover, since a large amount of fly ash can be used, it is an excellent invention as an effective utilization measure of fly ash.
本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルは、少なくとも細骨材とセメントからなり、細骨材とセメントの配合質量比（細骨材／セメント）が３．５〜４．５のモルタルであって、増粘剤と水を含まず、セメントのうちの５〜１５質量％がフライアッシュで残部がポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの何れか１種以上、かつ骨材のうちの２１〜３８質量％がフライアッシュで残部が天然骨材及び／又は人工軽量骨材であるモルタルである。水を含むと、前記モルタル中のフライアッシュやセメントが固結し、施工作業性が悪化するので好ましくない。また、増粘剤を含むモルタルは本発明の課題に相容れない。 The mortar for dry spraying method spray material of the present invention is composed of at least a fine aggregate and cement, and is a mortar having a blending mass ratio of fine aggregate and cement (fine aggregate / cement) of 3.5 to 4.5. , Without thickener and water, 5-15% by weight of the cement is fly ash, the balance is one or more of Portland cement and eco-cement, and 21-38% by weight of the aggregate is fly Ash and the mortar with the balance being natural aggregate and / or artificial lightweight aggregate. When water is contained, fly ash and cement in the mortar are solidified, and workability is deteriorated. Moreover, the mortar containing a thickener is incompatible with the subject of the present invention.
前記細骨材とセメントの配合質量比（細骨材／セメント）を３．５〜４．５のモルタルにすることで、施工作業性と強度発現の点に関し、乾式吹付工法吹付材の使用に適ったモルタルになる。前記細骨材とセメントの配合質量比（細骨材／セメント）が３．５未満だと乾式混合では混合性が低下し、施工性が悪化するため好ましくない。また、前記細骨材とセメントの配合質量比（細骨材／セメント）が４．５を超えると結合相形成成分が不足し、強度が低くなり過ぎるので好ましくない。 By using a mortar with a blending mass ratio of fine aggregate and cement (fine aggregate / cement) of 3.5 to 4.5, the use of the dry spraying method spraying material in terms of workability and strength development Become a suitable mortar. If the blending mass ratio of the fine aggregate and cement (fine aggregate / cement) is less than 3.5, the dry mixing is not preferable because the mixing property is lowered and the workability is deteriorated. Moreover, when the blending mass ratio of the fine aggregate and cement (fine aggregate / cement) exceeds 4.5, the binder phase forming component is insufficient and the strength becomes too low, which is not preferable.
前記乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに含まれるセメントは、ポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの何れか１種以上とフライアッシュからなる。セメント中のその含有割合は、フライアッシュ５〜１５質量％で、残部（９５〜８５質量％）が、ポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの合計量（但し、ポルトランドセメントだけ又はエコセメントだけしか含まない場合は、その単独含有量となる。）とする。このような含有割合のセメントを前記モルタル中に含むことで、吹付後の吹付施工物のしまりが良くなる。セメント中のフライアッシュの含有割合が１５質量％を超えると練り混ぜ効率が著しく低下し更に、強度発現性にも悪影響を及ぼすため好ましくない。また、セメント中のフライアッシュの含有割合が５質量％未満では空気圧送時の材料分離抵抗性および増粘効果が得られないため好ましくない。セメント中に含有可能なポルトランドセメントは、何れのポルトランドセメントでも良く、具体的には普通、早強、超早強、中庸熱、低熱、耐硫酸塩の各種ポルトランドセメントが挙げられる。この中でも経済性や汎用性の点から普通ポルトランドセメントが好ましい。ポルトランドセメントの粉末度はＪＩＳ規格（ＪＩＳ Ｒ５２１０）の２５００ｃｍ2／ｇ以上を満たしていれば、特に限定されない。好ましくは一般市販品並の粒度（例えば、概ね、２９００〜３４００ｃｍ2／ｇ）であれば良い。また、セメント中に含有可能なエコセメントは、ＪＩＳ Ｒ５２１４に規定するエコセメントなら何れのエコセメントでも使用できる。好ましくは、汎用性のある普通エコセメントを使用する。エコセメントの粉末度は、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば一般市販品並の粒度（概ね４０００〜４４００ｃｍ2／ｇ）のものが使用できる。 The cement contained in the mortar for the dry-type spraying method spraying material includes at least one of Portland cement and eco-cement and fly ash. The content ratio in cement is 5 to 15% by mass of fly ash, and the balance (95 to 85% by mass) is the total amount of Portland cement and ecocement (provided that only Portland cement or only ecocement is included) , And its single content.) By including such a proportion of cement in the mortar, the tightness of the sprayed construction after spraying is improved. If the content of fly ash in the cement exceeds 15% by mass, the kneading efficiency is remarkably lowered, and the strength development is also adversely affected. Further, if the content of fly ash in the cement is less than 5% by mass, the material separation resistance and the thickening effect during pneumatic feeding cannot be obtained, which is not preferable. The Portland cement that can be contained in the cement may be any Portland cement, and specific examples include various ordinary Portland cements such as normal strength, early strength, ultrahigh strength, moderate heat, low heat, and sulfate resistance. Of these, ordinary Portland cement is preferred from the viewpoint of economy and versatility. The fineness of Portland cement is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies 2500 cm 2 / g or more of JIS standard (JIS R5210). Preferably, the particle size should be comparable to that of general commercial products (for example, approximately 2900 to 3400 cm 2 / g). As the ecocement that can be contained in the cement, any ecocement specified in JIS R5214 can be used. Preferably, a general-purpose eco-cement having versatility is used. The fineness of the eco-cement is not particularly limited, but, for example, those having a particle size comparable to that of general commercial products (generally 4000 to 4400 cm 2 / g) can be used.
前記乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに含まれる細骨材は、フライアッシュと、天然細骨材及び／又は人工軽量骨材とからなり、細骨材中のその含有割合は、フライアッシュ２１〜３８質量％であり、残部（７９〜６２質量％）が天然細骨材と人工軽量骨材の合計量（何れか一方しか使用しない場合は使用する骨材種だけの量）とする。天然細骨材とは、具体的には、粒径が５ｍｍ以下の、山砂、川砂、海砂などの天然砂や天然石の砕砂が該当する。天然細骨材は化学成分的には何等制限されない。また、このような天然砂や砕砂を使用した細骨材からなる再生細骨材でも良い。好ましくは、天然骨材として、絶乾密度が概ね２．５以上の天普通細骨材を使用する。また、人工軽量細骨材としては、粒径が５ｍｍ以下の、天然鉱石を主原料として人為的に合成された絶乾密度が概ね２．０未満の骨材であって、例えば天然鉱石原料を加熱発泡させたものや高気孔率で気孔を形成させたものが例示できる。乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに含まれる細骨材を、このような含有割合のフライアッシュと天然細骨材及び／又は人工軽量骨材とからなるものとすることで、モルタルの空気圧送中に材料分離が生じ難くなる。細骨材中のフライアッシュの含有割合が３８質量％を超えると練混ぜ性能が低下するため好ましくない。また、細骨材中のフライアッシュの含有割合が２１質量％未満では材料分離が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。また、細骨材中に含有するフライアッシュは、反応活性が低いものの方が望ましく、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、粒径が大きいものや粉末度が低いものの使用が推奨される。 The fine aggregate contained in the dry-type spraying method mortar is composed of fly ash, natural fine aggregate and / or artificial lightweight aggregate, and the content ratio in the fine aggregate is fly ash 21-38. The remaining amount (79 to 62% by mass) is the total amount of natural fine aggregate and artificial lightweight aggregate (if only one of them is used, only the amount of aggregate type to be used). Specifically, the natural fine aggregate corresponds to natural sand such as mountain sand, river sand, sea sand or crushed sand of natural stone having a particle size of 5 mm or less. Natural fine aggregates are not limited in terms of chemical composition. Moreover, the reproduction | regeneration fine aggregate which consists of a fine aggregate using such natural sand and crushed sand may be sufficient. Preferably, natural fine aggregate having an absolutely dry density of approximately 2.5 or more is used as the natural aggregate. In addition, the artificial lightweight fine aggregate is an aggregate having a particle size of 5 mm or less and artificially synthesized from natural ore as a main raw material and having an absolute dry density of generally less than 2.0. Examples thereof include those obtained by heating and foaming and those having pores formed at a high porosity. During the pneumatic feeding of mortar, the fine aggregate contained in the mortar for dry spraying method spraying material is composed of fly ash with such a content ratio and natural fine aggregate and / or artificial lightweight aggregate. Material separation is unlikely to occur. If the content of fly ash in the fine aggregate exceeds 38% by mass, the kneading performance deteriorates, which is not preferable. Further, if the fly ash content in the fine aggregate is less than 21% by mass, material separation tends to occur, which is not preferable. The fly ash contained in the fine aggregate is preferably one having a low reaction activity, and is not particularly limited. For example, use of a fly ash having a large particle size or a low degree of fineness is recommended.
本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルは、前記のように、セメント構成成分用と骨材構成成分用にフライアッシュを含有使用するが、セメント構成成分用と骨材構成成分用に異なるフライアッシュを使用するのが望ましい。具体的には、前者は反応活性が高いもの、後者は反応活性が低いものを使用する。詳しくは、例えば、粉末度や粒径で分けることで、反応活性の差を反映させることができる。セメント構成成分用は、骨材構成成分用よりも高い粉末度のものを用いるのが好ましく、骨材構成成分用はセメント構成成分用よりも大きい粒径のものを用いるとより好ましい。ここで、セメント構成成分用として好適なフライアッシュの粉末度は、併用するポルトランドセメントやエコセメントと概ね同等かそれ以上の粉末度のものとする。また、例えば単一種類のフライアッシュでも、市販品では少なからず粒度分布等が存在するため、単一種類品のみを本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに使用しても、その中で相対的に低い粉末度のフライアッシュ粒子は骨材成分側として寄与し、一方相対的に高い粉末度のフライアッシュ粒子はセメント成分側として寄与する。このような両成分に寄与できる単一種類のフライアッシュ市販品としては、例えばＪＩＳ規格に該当するフライアッシュのなら、何れのものでも良い。より好ましくは、例えばＪＩＳＩＩ種規格品相当種等のフライアッシュを使用する。 As described above, the mortar for dry spraying method spraying material of the present invention contains fly ash for cement component and aggregate component, but different fly ash for cement component and aggregate component. It is desirable to use Specifically, the former has a high reaction activity, and the latter has a low reaction activity. Specifically, for example, the difference in reaction activity can be reflected by dividing by the fineness and particle size. For the cement component, it is preferable to use a powder having a higher degree of fineness than that for the aggregate component, and for the aggregate component, it is more preferable to use a particle having a larger particle size than that for the cement component. Here, the fineness of fly ash suitable for use as a cement component is approximately equal to or higher than that of Portland cement and eco-cement used together. In addition, for example, even a single type of fly ash has a particle size distribution and the like in a commercially available product, so even if only a single type of product is used in the mortar for the spraying method of the present invention, it is relatively The fly ash particles having a low fineness contribute to the aggregate component side, while the fly ash particles having a relatively high fineness contribute to the cement component side. As a commercial product of a single type of fly ash that can contribute to both of these components, for example, any fly ash that conforms to JIS standards may be used. More preferably, for example, fly ash such as JIS II standard product equivalent species is used.
また、本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに含有されるフライアッシュの総含有量は、好ましくは、ポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの含有量（ポルトランドセメント又はエコセメントの一方しか含まない場合はその含有量）１００質量部に対し、１０５〜１８０質量部である。このようなフライアッシュの総含有量とすることで、モルタルの空気圧送中における材料分離の発生を抑えることができ、均一な品質性状の吹付材を得るのに貢献する。フライアッシュの総含有量が、１０５質量部未満の場合はモルタルの空気圧送中に材料分離が起こる可能性があるので適当ではなく、また１８０質量部を超えると水との混合性が著しく低下し混練不良を招き、更には、粉じん発生量も多くなり作業環境悪化にもつながるため適当ではない。 Further, the total content of fly ash contained in the mortar for dry spray method spray material of the present invention is preferably the content of Portland cement and eco-cement (when only one of Portland cement or eco-cement is contained, its content Amount) It is 105 to 180 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass. By setting it as the total content of such fly ash, generation | occurrence | production of material separation during the pneumatic feeding of mortar can be suppressed, and it contributes to obtaining the spraying material of a uniform quality property. If the total fly ash content is less than 105 parts by mass, material separation may occur during pneumatic feeding of the mortar, which is not appropriate. If it exceeds 180 parts by mass, the miscibility with water significantly decreases. Inadequate kneading is caused, and furthermore, the amount of dust generated is increased, leading to deterioration of the working environment.
また、本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材は、前記の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルと硫酸アルミニウムを有効成分とする液体急結材と水を含むものである。他の成分の含有も、本発明の効果を阻害しないものである限り可能である。含有可能な他の成分の一例を示すと、アルカリ金属の炭酸塩、アルカリ金属のアルミン酸塩、アルミン酸カルシウム等の急結助剤、凝結促進剤等を挙げることができる。硫酸アルミニウムを有効成分とする液体急結材は、注水後初期の急結発現性に非常に優れ、強い付着性の付与と、それ自体は粉塵化することがないという利点がある。実使用に際しては市販品が利用でき、何れの市販品でも良い、また、本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材の硫酸アルミニウムを有効成分とする液体急結材の含有量は、含有されるポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの合計量（何れか一方しか含有されないときはその含有量）１００質量部に対し、前記液体急結材９〜１３質量部とする。前記液体急結材含有量が９質量部未満では急結性が不足するので好ましくない。また、１３質量部を超えると、瞬結化傾向が強くなり、吹付装置の吹付材ノズルの噴射孔が固結・閉塞し易くなるので好ましくない。 Moreover, the dry-type spraying method spray material of this invention contains the liquid quick setting material which uses the said mortar for dry-type spraying method spraying materials, and an aluminum sulfate as an active ingredient, and water. It is possible to contain other components as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of other components that can be included include alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, rapid setting aids such as calcium aluminate, and setting accelerators. The liquid quick setting material containing aluminum sulfate as an active ingredient is very excellent in the early setting of rapid setting after water injection, and has an advantage that it imparts strong adhesion and does not dust itself. In actual use, commercially available products may be used, and any commercially available product may be used. The content of the liquid quick-setting material containing aluminum sulfate as an active ingredient of the dry spray method spray material of the present invention is the same as the Portland cement contained. The liquid quick setting material is 9 to 13 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of eco-cement (when only one of them is contained). If the liquid quick setting material content is less than 9 parts by mass, the quick setting property is insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 13 parts by mass, the tendency to instantly become stronger and the spray holes of the spraying material nozzle of the spraying device are easily consolidated and closed, which is not preferable.
また、本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材に含有可能な水の量は、特に制限されるものではなく、セメントを構成するフライアッシュを含むセメントと概ね過不足無く反応できる水の量であれば良い。このような水の量は前記吹付材の配合内容に応じて予備実験等を行って定めるのが推奨される。目安的な水の量として、一例を示すと、含有されるポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの合計量（何れか一方しか含有されないときはその含有量）１００質量部に対し、例えば８４〜９４質量部が挙げられるが、限定されるものではない。水の量が少ないと施工性が低下し易いので適当ではなく、また過剰量では強度や付着性低下を起こすので適当ではない。 In addition, the amount of water that can be contained in the dry spraying method spray material of the present invention is not particularly limited, as long as it can react with the cement including fly ash constituting the cement almost without excess or deficiency. . It is recommended that such an amount of water be determined by conducting a preliminary experiment or the like according to the blending content of the spray material. As an example of the amount of water as an indication, for example, 84 to 94 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of Portland cement and ecocement contained (when only one is contained) For example, but not limited to. If the amount of water is small, the workability is liable to deteriorate, so that it is not appropriate, and if the amount is excessive, the strength and adhesion deteriorate.
本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材は、前記乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルへの注水と液体急結材の添加は、吹付装置内で行うのが望ましい。前記吹付装置は、液体急結剤と水を添加する添加部を設けたものを用いることが推奨される。液体急結材と水は別個に輸送されてきたものを途中で合流させ、これを前記乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルの吹付装置内の圧送経路中に設けた添加装置によって添加するのが好ましい。但し、必ずしも同時添加に限定されるものではない。別途の注水部の構造は、特に限定されないが、例えば、前記モルタルの圧送経路に水と液体急結材の合流物の供給管を、例えばＹ字管や二重管等の合流部品で接続したものや、多数の水噴射孔を具備した環状の水添加帯（シャワーリング）を前記圧送経路中に組み込んだ吹付装置を使用する。同時添加をしない場合は、圧送される前記乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに対し、吹付装置内で最初に注水、次いで液体急結材を添加することが望ましい。 In the dry spraying method spraying material of the present invention, it is desirable that the water injection and the liquid quick setting material are added to the dry spraying method spraying material mortar in a spraying device. It is recommended to use a spraying device provided with an addition section for adding a liquid quick-setting agent and water. It is preferable that the liquid quick setting material and the water that have been transported separately are joined together and added by an adding device provided in the pressure feeding path in the spraying device for the dry spraying method mortar. However, it is not necessarily limited to simultaneous addition. The structure of the separate water injection part is not particularly limited, but, for example, a supply pipe for a merged material of water and liquid quick-connecting material is connected to the mortar pumping path by a confluence part such as a Y-shaped pipe or a double pipe. A spraying device in which an annular water addition zone (shower ring) having many water injection holes is incorporated in the pumping path is used. In the case where the simultaneous addition is not performed, it is desirable to first add water and then add the liquid quick-setting material in the spraying apparatus to the mortar for the dry-type spraying method sprayed material.
以下、本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明するが、本発明は記載した実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、実施例は、特記無い限り、２０（±１）℃の環境下で行った。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the described examples. The examples were performed in an environment of 20 (± 1) ° C. unless otherwise specified.
［乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルの作製］
普通ポルトランドセメント（市販品。ブレーン比表面積３２００ｃｍ2／ｇ）、普通エコセメント（市販品。ブレーン比表面積４１００ｃｍ2／ｇ）、３号珪砂（絶乾密度２．７ｇ／ｃｍ3）、人工軽量細骨材（アサノライト３号、絶乾密度１．６８ｇ／ｃｍ3）、フライアッシュ（ＪＩＳＩＩ種該当市販品、ブレーン比表面積平均４０００ｃｍ2／ｇ）、メチルセルロース系増粘剤（市販品）、から選定される材料を用い、表１で表した配合となるように、ＪＳＣＥ−Ｄ １０２−２００５の付属書１に規定する方法で混合した。混合物をもって乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルとした。
[Production of mortar for dry spraying method]
Ordinary Portland cement (commercial product, Blaine specific surface area 3200 cm 2 / g), normal eco-cement (commercial product, Blaine specific surface area 4100 cm 2 / g), No. 3 silica sand (absolute dry density 2.7 g / cm 3 ), artificial lightweight thin Select from aggregate (Asanolite No. 3, absolute dry density of 1.68 g / cm 3 ), fly ash (commercially available product of JIS II class, Blaine specific surface area average 4000 cm 2 / g), methylcellulose thickener (commercial product) The materials used were mixed by the method specified in Appendix 1 of JSCE-D 102-2005 so as to have the composition shown in Table 1. The mixture was used as a dry-type spraying method mortar for spraying material.
［乾式吹付工法吹付材の作製］
この乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルを、市販の乾式吹付装置にホースを介して空気圧送し、乾式吹付装置内の圧送経路中で注水と急結材の添加をこの順で行い、乾式吹付工法吹付材を作製した。急結材としては硫酸アルミニウムを有効成分とする液体急結材（市販品）を使用した。注水量と液体急結材の添加量は、ポルトランドセメントとエコセメントの含有量（合計値。何れか一方しか含まないものは、その含有量。）１００質量部としたときの相対値（質量部）で表２に表す。
[Production of dry spraying method]
This dry spraying method mortar for spraying material is pneumatically fed to a commercially available dry spraying device via a hose, and water injection and quick setting material are added in this order in the pumping route in the dry spraying device. A material was prepared. As the quick setting material, a liquid quick setting material (commercial product) containing aluminum sulfate as an active ingredient was used. The amount of water injection and the amount of liquid quick-setting material are the contents of Portland cement and Eco-cement (total value. If only one is included, the content is 100 parts by mass) ).
［評価］
前記のように作製した乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタル又は乾式吹付工法吹付材に対し、以下の（１）〜（５）で表す評価を行った。評価結果は（１）と（２）は表２に、（３）は表３に、（４）と（５）は表４にそれぞれ表す。
[Evaluation]
Evaluations represented by the following (1) to (5) were performed on the mortar for dry spraying method spray material or the dry spraying method spray material produced as described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 for (1) and (2), in Table 3 for (3), and in Table 4 for (4) and (5).
（１）圧送中のモルタル特性
前記作製した乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルをホースを介して吹付装置に空気圧送した際に、目視で詰まりや狭窄箇所が全く見られなかったものを圧送性「良好」と判断し、それ以外の状況となったものは全て圧送性「不良」と判断した。また、空気圧送中に材料分離が起こったか否かを目視で調べた。材料分離が見られなかったものを、材料分離発生が「無」とし、材料分離が確認できたものを材料分離発生「有」とした。
(1) Mortar characteristics during pumping When the mortar for the above-mentioned dry-type spraying method spraying material is pneumatically fed to the spraying device through a hose, the pumping property is good when no clogging or constriction is observed by visual inspection. ”And all other conditions were judged to be“ poor ”pumpability. Further, it was visually examined whether or not material separation occurred during pneumatic feeding. In the case where no material separation was observed, the occurrence of material separation was judged as “none”, and in the case where material separation was confirmed, the occurrence of material separation was judged as “present”.
（２）粘性評価試験
前記の普通ポルトランドセメント又はエコセメントと細骨材（３号珪砂）に、前記フライアッシュ又は前記増粘剤を表１の配合量となるよう加えた乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルに、モルタル中の普通ポルトランドセメント及びエコセメントの含有量１００質量部あたり、表２に表す量の水を添加して市販の混合装置で３０秒間混練し、モルタルスラリーを作製した。このモルタルスラリーを、水平地面から１ｍの高さに設置した内径７５ｍｍ、高さ７５ｍｍの底面開閉可能な円筒形型に充填し、注水時から４５秒後に、底面を開き、充填物を落下させた。落下物の飛散寸法（広がり面の最大長さとこれと直交する広がり面の長さ）を測定した。広がり面が大きいものほど粘性が低く、増粘剤使用時の粘性状態との比較を主たる評価目的に行った。
(2) Viscosity evaluation test For dry spraying method spraying material in which the above fly ash or the thickener is added to the above ordinary Portland cement or eco-cement and fine aggregate (No. 3 silica sand) to the blending amount shown in Table 1. The amount of water shown in Table 2 was added per 100 parts by mass of ordinary Portland cement and eco-cement in the mortar, and the mixture was kneaded with a commercially available mixing apparatus for 30 seconds to prepare a mortar slurry. The mortar slurry was filled in a cylindrical mold having an inner diameter of 75 mm and a height of 75 mm, which can be opened and closed at a height of 1 m from the horizontal ground. The bottom surface was opened 45 seconds after the water was poured, and the filling was dropped. . The scattering size of the fallen object (the maximum length of the spread surface and the length of the spread surface perpendicular to this) was measured. The larger the spread surface, the lower the viscosity, and the comparison with the viscosity state when using the thickener was performed mainly for the purpose of evaluation.
（３）プロクター貫入抵抗試験
急結性を確認するために行った。急結材添加時から６０秒、９０秒、１２０秒及び３６０秒後の乾式吹付工法吹付材に対し実施。試験方法は、ＪＳＣＥ−Ｄ １０２−２００５の付属書３の規定に準拠。
(3) Procter penetration resistance test It was performed to confirm rapid setting. Conducted on dry spraying method spray material 60 seconds, 90 seconds, 120 seconds and 360 seconds after the addition of the quick setting material. The test method complies with the provisions of Annex 3 of JSCE-D 102-2005.
（４）圧縮強度試験
内寸が４×４×１６ｃｍの直方体形の型枠に、前記作製の乾式吹付工法吹付材を流し込み供試体を作製し、材齢３時間および７日の供試体に対し、圧縮強度を測定した。詳細な供試体作製方法は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ５２０１の規定に準拠。詳細な圧縮強度測定方法は、ＪＩＳ Ｒ５２０１付属書２に準拠した方法で実施。
(4) Compressive strength test The test piece was prepared by pouring the dry-type spraying method spray material prepared above into a rectangular parallelepiped mold with an internal size of 4 x 4 x 16 cm. The compressive strength was measured. The detailed specimen preparation method conforms to the provisions of JIS R5201. The detailed compressive strength measurement method is implemented by a method based on JIS R5201 Annex 2.
（５）粉塵測定
市販の粉塵測定器を用い、幅４．５ｍ×奥行４．５ｍ×高さ８ｍの屋内に吹付ノズルが高さ１．５ｍの位置になるように乾式吹付装置を設置し、吹付ノズル先端から１ｍ先の壁面に１ｍ3／時間の流速で、前記作製した乾式吹付工法吹付材を６０秒間吹付け、発生した粉塵量を測定した。粉塵量は、増粘剤及びフライアッシュを含まない吹付材による発生粉塵量を１００としたときの相対値で表す。
(5) Dust measurement Using a commercially available dust measuring instrument, install a dry-type spraying device so that the spray nozzle is positioned at a height of 1.5 m in a room with a width of 4.5 m, a depth of 4.5 m and a height of 8 m. The produced dry spray method spray material was sprayed for 60 seconds at a flow rate of 1 m 3 / hour on a wall surface 1 m ahead of the tip of the spray nozzle, and the amount of dust generated was measured. The amount of dust is expressed as a relative value when the amount of dust generated by the spray material containing no thickener and fly ash is 100.
表２〜４の結果から、本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルは、良好な圧送性を呈し、また増粘剤を使用せずとも増粘剤使用時に匹敵する粘性状態が得られることがわかる、このような粘性状態が得られる乾式吹付工法吹付材用モルタルを使用した本発明の乾式吹付工法吹付材は、粉塵発生量が少なく、また、大量のフライアッシュを含有しても、急結性や強度発現性が阻害されることはないことがわかる。 From the results of Tables 2 to 4, the mortar for dry spraying method spray material of the present invention exhibits good pumpability, and a viscous state comparable to that when using a thickener can be obtained without using a thickener. As can be seen, the dry spray method spray material of the present invention using the mortar for dry spray method spray material that can obtain such a viscous state generates little dust, and even if it contains a large amount of fly ash, it can be quickly set. It can be seen that the properties and strength development are not inhibited.
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| JP2014125392A (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-07 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Spray material, and spray method with use of the same |
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