JP2018170917A - Solar power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique for improving generation efficiency in the time zone of both morning and evening, in a fixed angle solar power generator where the angle of solar panels is kept constant.SOLUTION: In a fixed angle solar power generator where the angle of solar panels 1 is kept constant, a long irregular reflector 3 having a substantially quadrant profile is projected from the upper surface of the solar panel 1 along the marginal part of the panel, so that sun light is reflected irregularly on the irregular reflector 3, and a part of irregular reflection light can be incident on the solar panel 1. The irregular reflector 3 has the lens body of substantially quadrant profile as the body, directs the arcuate surface of substantially quadrant profile in the lens body toward the panel, installs the horizontal plane in the marginal part of the panel, out of the horizontal plane and vertical plane formed in the radial direction from the arcuate surface, as an installation surface, and provides an irregular reflection surface at least in the vertical plane, out of the horizontal plane and vertical plane.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fixed-angle solar power generation apparatus that keeps the angle of a solar panel constant, and generates power by concentrating light that does not originally enter the solar panel on the solar panel using a reflecting mirror. The present invention relates to a configuration effective for improving efficiency.

  In the solar power generation system, the angle of the solar panel is kept constant so that the light receiving surface faces a predetermined angle, and the angle of the solar panel is varied so that the light receiving surface follows the movement of the sun. There is a tracking type. In the former fixed-angle type, the incident angle of sunlight changes every moment with the passage of time during the day and in the season, whereas in the latter tracking type, the angle of the solar panel is adjusted according to the inclination of the sun. Since the incident angle of sunlight on the light-receiving surface becomes almost constant by changing, the tracking type is said to have higher power generation efficiency than the former fixed angle type, and the present applicant has also made several types of tracking types so far Has been proposed (Patent Documents 1 to 3).

  However, in the tracking type, in order to support a solar panel with a considerable weight in a variable angle, it is necessary to give the foundation and the base a considerable strength, and there are more restrictions than the fixed angle type system in terms of installation location and cost. Large, there are still many challenges for its dissemination.

  Therefore, as an example of improving the problem in the fixed angle type, that is, the decrease in power generation efficiency due to the change in incident angle of sunlight with time and season, two reflectors between adjacent solar panels (arrays). Are placed with the reflecting surfaces facing each other, and the sunlight that is inserted into the space between the two panels is first condensed by the first curved reflector on the rear row side and reflected toward the second curved reflector on the front row side, There has been proposed a solar power generation system in which the reflected light is further reflected by a second curved reflecting plate and irradiated onto the light receiving surface of the solar panel on the rear row side (Patent Document 4). According to this system, if there is no reflecting plate, the light passing through the outside of the solar panel is collected toward the space, so that reflected light from the reflecting plate is incident on the light receiving surface in addition to the direct light. However, it is said that the power generation efficiency is higher than that of direct light alone.

JP-A-2006-92969 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-163522 JP 2017-41981 Registered Utility Model No. 3199366

  As described above, the tracking solar power generation system represented by Patent Documents 1 to 3 is not affected by the time-dependent and seasonal solar inclination, and can stably obtain high power generation efficiency. Of course, further improvement is desired to apply this to a large-scale power generation system called a mega solar.

  On the other hand, according to the system of Patent Document 4, since only a reflector is added to the conventional fixed angle type system, it can be installed at a simpler and cheaper than at least the tracking type system. However, in the system of Patent Document 4, when the solar panel is installed in the east direction, for example, only the sunlight in the morning can be condensed by the reflector, and the sunlight from noon to sunset is the first condensing function. Since it goes around to the back side of the 1st curved reflector which exhibits, this cannot be condensed. Further, even in the morning, sunlight cannot be collected in a time zone in which the first curved reflector is behind the solar panel in the front row. Such a phenomenon is not limited to the case where the solar panel is installed in the east direction, but can occur in the same manner even when the solar panel is installed in the south direction. Therefore, the system of Patent Document 4 can collect sunlight only in a very limited time zone, and does not improve power generation efficiency.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to improve power generation efficiency more reliably in a fixed-angle solar power generation apparatus in which the angle of the solar panel is kept constant. Is to provide technology that can.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention attempts to increase power generation efficiency more reliably by concentrating light that does not originally enter the solar panel on the light receiving surface of the solar panel using a reflector. One of the following two is adopted.

  That is, in the first means of the present invention, a long diffused reflector is projected along the edge of the panel on the upper surface (light receiving surface) side of the solar panel, while in the second means, on the lower surface side of the solar panel. A long plane mirror or concave mirror is suspended along the panel edge.

  The irregular reflecting mirror in the first means is formed with a horizontally long cylindrical lens body having a substantially quadrangular cross section as a main body, and a quadrangular arc-shaped curved surface portion of the lens body is directed to the panel side, and is formed radially from the curved surface portion. Among the horizontal plane portion and the vertical plane portion, the horizontal plane portion is installed on the panel edge portion as an installation surface, and at least the vertical plane portion of the horizontal plane portion and the vertical plane portion is provided with a diffuse reflection surface.

  According to the first means, light incident from the curved surface portion of the irregular reflection mirror is irregularly reflected by the irregular reflection surface of the vertical surface portion, and a part thereof is incident on the panel light receiving surface. In particular, when the solar panel is tilted and fixed toward the south, sunlight in the morning and evening can be collected with a large inclination angle and a large incident angle on the panel light receiving surface. Therefore, if there is no irregular reflection mirror, morning and evening light that should normally pass through the outside of the panel is collected by the irregular reflection mirror, and part of the irregular reflection light enters the panel light receiving surface via the curved surface portion. This, combined with direct light incident, increases the power generation efficiency compared to direct light alone.

  In addition, since the irregular reflector is provided on the four sides so as to surround the panel edge of the rectangular solar panel, any of the irregular reflectors provided on the four sides, regardless of the east, west, north, or south Thus, the above-described light collecting effect can be obtained. Also, the amount of diffusely reflected light with respect to the center of the panel can be increased by joining a pair of the diffusely reflecting mirrors to form a substantially semicircular cross section by joining the vertical surface portions and providing the semicircular irregularly reflecting mirror at the center of the upper surface of the panel. Can do.

  On the other hand, since sunlight incident on the panel light-receiving surface becomes smaller before and after the south / central area, the amount of light entering the diffuse reflector is diffusely reflected toward the sky, so the panel does not overheat. Also, the reduction of power generation efficiency due to heat is prevented.

  Note that the diffuse reflection surface can be increased in the amount of diffuse reflection light on the panel light-receiving surface than in the horizontal plane portion, but the diffuse reflection surface is provided in the horizontal plane portion in addition to the vertical surface portion. May be.

  Next, in the second means of the present invention, a reflector composed of a long plane mirror or curved mirror is suspended along the edge of the panel on the lower surface side of the solar panel, so that another solar panel positioned in the rear row is provided. The reflected light of the solar panel is collected by any of these reflectors, and is again incident on the light receiving surface of the rear-row solar panel. In other words, this second means is applied to an apparatus in which at least two solar panels are arranged in order to secure a light source of the reflector, and the light source of the diffuse reflector depends on the reflected light of other solar panels. However, the premise configuration of the apparatus is different from the first means secured by direct light.

  Also in this second means, in the morning and evening when the sun is greatly inclined, the panel light-receiving surface receives two lights, the direct light and the reflected light from the reflector, so that the power generation efficiency is improved as compared with the case where the direct light alone is used. On the other hand, the solar light before and after the south and the middle hardly enters the reflector, and as a result, only the direct light enters the panel light receiving surface, so that it is possible to prevent overheating of the panel during this time period. .

  The reflector may be either a plane mirror or a curved mirror, but if it is a plane mirror, the end of the solar panel is formed obliquely in advance, and only fixed so that the plane mirror is applied to the inclined end. Thus, the installation angle of the plane mirror is determined, and the trouble of angle adjustment can be saved. On the other hand, if a concave mirror is employed as the curved mirror, the angle of the concave mirror can be set using an arbitrary bracket, and the light condensing effect can be enhanced as compared with the plane mirror. However, any reflector may be capable of arbitrarily adjusting the angle after installation.

  On the other hand, there are convex mirrors and spherical mirrors as other examples of curved mirrors, and these diffuse light, so the effective amount of reflected light on the panel light-receiving surface is smaller than that of flat mirrors and concave mirrors. It is not a thing to exclude use as a body, but it is a reflector other than those exemplified here as long as it reflects the reflected light of the solar panel and reflects it again toward the light receiving surface of the solar panel. Also good.

  According to the present invention, the power generation amount can be improved by increasing the amount of light incident on the solar panel especially in the morning and evening hours. Moreover, it can be easily adopted not only for newly installed devices but also for existing devices.

Side view of the device of the present invention according to the first embodiment Same as above, top view Same as above, enlarged sectional view of the main part of the diffuse reflector Same as above, explanatory diagram of diffuse reflection by diffuse reflector (morning and evening) Same as above, explanatory diagram of diffuse reflection by diffuse reflector Same as above, enlarged sectional view of the main part of the diffuse reflector provided in the center of the panel Front view of the device of the present invention showing a modification Side view of the device of the present invention according to the second embodiment Same perspective view of plane mirror as reflector Same perspective view of concave mirror as reflector Explanation of reflection by plane mirror (morning and evening) Explanation of reflection by concave mirror (Morning and evening) Same as above, explanatory diagram of reflection by plane mirror Same as above, explanatory diagram of reflection by concave mirror

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows an embodiment corresponding to the first means (claims 1 to 4) described above. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a solar panel, 2 denotes a gantry, and the solar panel 1 is supported by the gantry 2 while maintaining a predetermined angle. In such a fixed-angle solar power generation device, in the present invention, the irregular reflection mirror 3 is projected along the panel edge on the upper surface side of the solar panel.

  As shown in FIG. 2 showing a plan view of the solar panel 1, the irregular reflection mirror 3 is a long object having a length corresponding to the panel edge of the solar panel 1. In this embodiment, the four sides of the solar panel 1 are provided. It is provided in each part and surrounds the panel edge.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the irregular reflection mirror 3, and a lens body 3a having a substantially quadrangular cross section as a main body, and a horizontal plane portion 3c formed radially from the curved surface portion 3b on the panel. In addition, the irregular reflection surface 3e is provided at least on the vertical surface portion 3d rising from the horizontal surface portion 3c.

  The lens body 3a can be molded not only by glass but also by a transparent plastic having both high light transmittance such as acrylic and polycarbonate, and a certain strength and rigidity.

  The irregular reflection surface 3e is formed by adhering an aluminum foil so that fine irregularities are formed on the surface, vapor-depositing aluminum after sandblasting, or adhering fine metal particles, and the lens body 3a. Depending on the material, plating, spraying, etching or other known methods can be used. Further, the irregular reflection surface 3e can be provided also on the horizontal surface portion 3c, and more irregular reflection light can be incident on the solar panel 1 by providing the irregular reflection surface 3e on both left and right end surfaces of the lens body 3a. Become.

  According to this configuration, as shown in FIG. 4, in the time zone when the sun is greatly inclined like morning and evening, the light that should pass through the outside of the solar panel 1 is captured by the curved surface portion 3b if there is no diffuse reflector 3. The irregular reflection surface 3e provided on the back surface of the vertical surface portion 3d is irregularly reflected. A part of the irregularly reflected light is incident on the upper surface (light receiving surface) of the solar panel 1 through the curved surface portion 3b. Since direct light is also incident on the incident surface as usual, power generation efficiency can be increased in combination with diffusely reflected light. That is, it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency in the morning and evening when the power generation amount is generally small.

  On the other hand, when the sun is located around the south and middle, the amount of power generation is generally large, and it is necessary to prevent a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a temperature rise rather than improving this. In this regard, as shown in FIG. 5, most of the irregularly reflected light from the irregular reflection mirror 3 goes to the sky, so that the panel is not overheated by the irregularly reflected light. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a temperature rise in the time zone before and after the south and middle where the power generation amount is large.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the irregular reflection mirror 4 is also provided at the center of the upper surface of the solar panel 1. As shown in FIG. 6, the irregular reflection mirror 4 has a substantially semicircular cross section by joining a pair of the above-described irregular reflection mirrors 3 having a substantially quadrant cross section and joining the vertical surface portions 3 d to each other. Therefore, the central irregular reflection mirror 4 can increase the amount of light in the central portion of the solar panel 1 where the irregular reflection mirror 3 on the four sides does not reach the irregular reflection light. The power generation efficiency of the entire panel can be further improved.

  As a modification of the first embodiment, FIG. 7 shows a solar panel 1 in which a plurality of spacers 2a are arranged at appropriate intervals in the longitudinal direction between the diffuse reflector 3 installed on the front side of the solar panel 1 and the solar panel 1. And a space S (gap) is provided between the irregular reflection mirrors 3. According to this modification, rain, dust, etc. falling on the upper surface of the solar panel 1 can be discharged from the space S. Such a configuration can be applied not only to the front side of the inclined solar panel 1 but also to other edges of the solar panel 1.

  Next, FIG. 8 shows a photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to the second means (claims 5 to 7) of the present invention. That is, in this second embodiment, the first embodiment is common to the fixed-angle type device that holds the solar panel 1 on the gantry 2 at a predetermined angle, but the first embodiment is a single piece. The device configuration is completed with the solar panel 1, whereas in the second embodiment, it is a premise of the device configuration that at least two solar panels 1 are arranged.

  Specifically, the two solar panels 1 are arranged in the front-rear direction (for example, north-south) while maintaining the same inclination angle. Note that the direction in which the solar panel 1 is tilted follows the same procedure as that of a conventional fixed-angle device.

  And the reflector 5 is provided along the panel edge part in the lower surface side of the solar panel 1 of the front row among the solar panels 1 back and forth. The reflector 5 can be selected from a long flat mirror 5A as shown in FIG. 9 or a long concave mirror 5B having a bowl shape as shown in FIG.

  In any of these reflectors 5, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the reflected light of the solar panel 1 on the rear row side is condensed and reflected so as to enter the solar panel 1 on the rear row side again. It is. Therefore, also in this second embodiment, two lights of the direct light and the reflected light by the reflector 5 are incident on the solar panel 1, and the power generation efficiency can be improved as compared with the case of the direct light alone.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, since the reflected light of the solar panel 1 on the back row side irradiates the sky and most of the light does not enter the reflector 5 before and after the south-central, the power generation amount is essentially reduced. It is possible to avoid a decrease in power generation efficiency due to a temperature rise in the time zone before and after a large south.

  Here, the reflector 5 can employ either the plane mirror 5A or the concave mirror 5B. However, if the plane mirror 5A is used, as shown in FIG. 9, if the rear edge of the solar panel 1 is processed obliquely, The plane mirror 5A can be easily attached at a preset angle, and if the concave mirror 5B is employed, a higher light collecting effect can be obtained, and higher power generation efficiency than the plane mirror 5A can be expected.

  However, the reflector 5 may be a convex mirror or a spherical mirror other than the above-described plane mirror 5A and concave mirror 5B as long as it reflects light toward the solar panel 1 on the back row side. The body can also be adopted.

  Furthermore, by attaching the reflector 5 to the solar panel 1 in the front row so that the angle can be adjusted, the orientation of the reflector 5 is optimized in accordance with the location where the device is installed and the change of the altitude in the south and middle due to changes in the four seasons. It can also be adjusted to any angle.

  In the second embodiment, the simplest device in which two solar panels 1 are arranged in a row has been described for convenience of explanation, but it goes without saying that the number of rows may be three or more. The power generation efficiency can be improved by attaching the reflector 5 to the solar panel 1 excluding the last row.

1 Solar Panel 2 Base 3 Diffuse Reflector (Cross Sectional Quarter Shape)
3a Lens body 3b Curved surface portion 3c Horizontal surface portion 3d Vertical surface portion 3e Diffuse reflection surface 4 Diffuse reflection mirror (substantially semicircular cross section)
5 reflector 5A plane mirror 5B concave mirror

Claims (7)

In a fixed-angle solar power generation apparatus that keeps the angle of the solar panel constant, a long diffused reflector is projected along the edge of the panel on the upper surface of the solar panel, and sunlight is diffusely reflected by the diffused reflector. A part of the irregularly reflected light can be incident on the solar panel. The irregular reflecting mirror is formed in a radial direction from the curved surface portion with a horizontally long cylindrical lens body having a substantially quadrant cross section as a main body, and a curved surface portion having a substantially quadrant arc shape in the lens body facing the panel side. The solar power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal plane portion is installed on a panel edge portion as an installation surface among the horizontal plane portion and the vertical plane portion, and at least the irregular surface is provided on the vertical plane portion of the horizontal plane portion and the vertical plane portion. The solar power generation device of Claim 1 or 2 which provided the irregular reflection mirror so that the panel edge might be enclosed in the four sides of a rectangular solar panel. The solar power generation according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a pair of roughly quadrangular irregular reflection mirrors and a substantially semicircular irregular reflection mirror formed by joining vertical surfaces are provided at the center of the upper surface of the solar panel. apparatus. In a fixed-angle solar power generation apparatus in which at least two solar panels are arranged at a constant angle, the solar panel is elongated along the edge of the panel on the lower surface side of the solar panel on the front row side of the solar panels. A reflector is suspended, and the reflected light of the rear-row solar panel adjacent to the front-row solar panel is reflected by the reflector, and a part of the reflected light is again applied to the rear-row solar panel. A solar power generation device characterized by being able to enter. The solar power generation device according to claim 5, wherein the reflector is a plane mirror. The solar power generation device according to claim 5, wherein the reflector is a curved mirror.

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