JP2018167336A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool which enables good processing quality to be obtained even when used on a soft floor.SOLUTION: A base 2 of a machine tool 1 is installed on a floor surface. A column 5 joined to an upper rear portion of the base 2 extends upward. Vibration of the floor surface is transmitted through the base 2 to the column 5. When the machine tool 1 vibrates while being used after having been moved from a hard floor to a soft floor, and the vibration has a frequency at which the column 5 easily vibrates with respect to the base 2, there are cases where the column 5 vibrates largely. An operator causes attachments 60, 70 to span between the base 2 and the column 5, and fixes the attachments. The secure fixation of the column 5 to the base 2 changes a motion characteristic of the machine tool 1, thus enabling the machine tool 1 to reduce the vibration occurring at the column 5. The attachments 60, 70 are respectively disposed along directions where a right coolant passage 31 and a left coolant passage 32 extend through. Thus, the attachments do not block opening portions 31A, 32A provided at a rear face 26 of the base 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool.

  The machine tool described in Patent Document 1 includes a base, a column, a spindle head, a spindle, a table, and the like. The column is coupled to the rear portion of the upper surface of the base. The column extends upward. The spindle head is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction along the front surface of the column, and is rotatably supported in a state where the spindle is directed in the Z-axis direction. The spindle is detachably mounted on the lower end. The table is provided on the upper surface of the base and directly below the main shaft so as to be movable in the XY biaxial directions. The table fixes the work material on the upper surface. A machine tool processes a work material by relatively moving a spindle and a table in XYZ triaxial directions.

JP 2012-152833 A

  The machine tool having the above-described mechanical structure generates vibrations such that the column bows with respect to the base (this frequency is called a rocking vibration frequency). When the floor vibrates, the machine tool tends to vibrate at this frequency. For example, when the above machine tool is used on a soft floor such as the second floor of a factory, floor vibration is transmitted to the base of the machine tool, and the behavior becomes larger, resulting in a larger relative displacement between the tool and the workpiece. Accuracy deteriorates. In order to make the column difficult to vibrate with respect to the base, it is effective to suppress column vibration by increasing the rigidity between the column and the base. For example, there is a measure to reinforce the vicinity of the joint between the base and the column by casting. In the vicinity of the joint between the base and column, the above measures cannot be adopted because a hole is required to flow the chips and cutting fluid falling on the upper surface of the base backward. In addition, when a machine tool is used on a floor that is not soft when it is reinforced with a casting, since the vibration from the floor is small, the reinforcement is a useless cost increase.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can obtain good processing quality even when used on a soft floor.

  The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a base installed on the floor, wherein the base machine has a dynamic characteristic of the machine tool when vibration is applied to the machine tool. The change member which changes is fixed so that attachment or detachment is possible. The machine tool of the present invention can change the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool by fixing the change member to the base, for example, when moving from a strong floor where vibration is difficult to occur to a soft floor. By changing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, the vibration frequency of the machine tool is changed and the dynamic rigidity (compliance μm / N) is improved, and the amplitude of the machine tool can be suppressed. Therefore, after delivery of the machine tool, the machine tool can be vibrated by a soft floor surface, and it is possible to cope with a processing defect of the work material. Since the changing member is detachable, the changing member may be removed when the changing member is installed on a strong floor where vibration does not easily occur, for example. Since the changing member is detachable, the conventional base shape is not greatly changed. Therefore, the present invention does not greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the base.

  The machine tool according to claim 2 is coupled to the rear portion of the upper part of the base, and is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction along the column front surface and the column front surface, and rotatably holds the spindle on which the tool is mounted. A spindle head, and a table provided below the spindle head in a front region excluding the rear portion of the upper portion of the base, and holding a work material; and the changing member is disposed between the base and the column. It is good to fix it so that it can be detachable. Since the machine tool fixes the column to the upper part of the base, the column tends to vibrate relative to the base. Since the changing member is bridged and fixed between the base and the column, the dynamic characteristics of the entire machine tool including the column can be easily and effectively changed. Since the changing member is fixed to the base and the column, the machine tool can have a structure in which the column hardly vibrates with respect to the base. The dynamic characteristic means a characteristic of a machine in a state in which forces and speeds are applied to the machine tool and fluctuate.

  The machine tool according to claim 3 is provided at the upper part of the base, and is provided at the rear part of the upper part of the base, a discharge path for discharging chips and cutting fluid that fall during machining of the work material to the rear, and the column. A column support portion supporting the lower portion; and a hole portion penetrating the front and rear surfaces of the column support portion in the front-rear direction and communicating with the discharge path; and the changing member is formed on the rear surface of the column support portion The base side fixed portion provided at a position different from the opening of the hole and the column side fixed portion provided in the column may be bridged and fixed detachably. Chips and cutting fluid falling on the upper part of the base are discharged backward through the discharge path. The discharge passage is inserted through a hole provided in the column support portion. The change member is bridged and fixed between the base-side fixed portion provided at a position different from the opening of the hole portion formed on the rear surface of the column support portion and the column-side fixed portion provided in the column. . Therefore, the changing member can firmly join the base and the column without closing the hole. Since the changing member can be disposed on the rear surface side of the column support portion, it is not disposed on the front surface side of the column where the table or the spindle head is disposed. Therefore, the machining area around the spindle is not narrowed.

The column-side fixed portion of the machine tool according to claim 4 is provided on a side surface of the column parallel to the front-rear direction, the change member is formed in a plate shape, and is provided at one end portion of the column side. A first fixing portion that is detachably fixed to the column side fixed portion in a state of being in contact with the side surface;
A second fixing portion that is provided at the other end portion on the base side, supports the changing member so as to extend in parallel with the penetrating direction of the hole portion, and is detachably fixed to the base side fixed portion; It is good to have. In the present invention, since the plate-like change member can be arranged so as to extend in parallel to the penetration direction of the hole portion behind the hole portion, the change member does not block the hole portion, It does not interfere with the flow of cutting fluid.

  The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the column side fixed portion includes a first column side fixed portion provided on a right side surface of the column and a second column side fixed portion provided on a left side surface of the column. The base-side fixed portion is provided on the rear surface of the column support portion, and is provided on the first base-side fixed portion corresponding to the first column-side fixed portion and the rear surface of the column support portion, A second base side fixed portion corresponding to the second column side fixed portion, and the changing member is bridged between the first base side fixed portion and the first column side fixed portion. A first change member that is fixed so as to be detachable, and a second change member that is detachably fixed across the second base side fixed portion and the second column side fixed portion. Good. The changing member of the present invention includes a first changing member and a second changing member, and fixes the column and the base so as to sandwich the left and right side surfaces of the column, so that the column is firmly and well balanced with respect to the base. it can. Therefore, the machine tool of the present invention can effectively suppress the vibration generated in the machine tool even when installed on a soft floor.

  The inventions of claims 1 to 5 described above can be arbitrarily combined. For example, not all or a part of claim 1 but also at least one of the other claims 2 to 4 may be provided. However, in particular, the configuration of claim 1 may be provided, and at least one of the configurations and combinations of claims 2 to 4 may be provided. Any constituent elements of claims 1 to 5 may be extracted and combined. The present applicant intends to obtain a patent right for such a configuration.

The perspective view seen from the right diagonal front of the machine tool 1. FIG. The right view of the machine tool 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the machine tool 1 as viewed from the right rear side. The chart which shows the dynamic characteristic between the spindle and table at the time of floor vibration.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, left, right, front, back, and top and bottom indicated by arrows in the figure are used. The left-right direction, the front-rear direction, and the up-down direction of the machine tool 1 are the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the machine tool 1, respectively. The machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 rotates a spindle 4 on which a tool (not shown) is mounted, and moves the spindle 4 and the table 14 relative to each other in the XYZ triaxial directions so that the work material held on the upper surface of the table 14 is removed from the tool. It is a machine to process with.

  The structure of the machine tool 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. The machine tool 1 includes a base 2, a column 5, a spindle head 7, a spindle 4 (see FIG. 2), a table device 12, a tool changer 15 and the like. The base 2 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped iron base that is long in the Y-axis direction. The column 5 is erected on the upper rear side of the base 2. The column 5 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped upright extending in the upward direction. The spindle head 7 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction by a later-described Z-axis moving mechanism (not shown) provided on the front surface of the column 5. The main spindle head 7 rotatably supports the main spindle 4 inside. The main shaft 4 is disposed inside the main shaft head 7 in a posture in which the axial direction is directed in the vertical direction. The main shaft 4 has a mounting hole (not shown) at its lower end. The spindle 4 is rotated by driving a spindle motor 9 with a tool mounted in the mounting hole. The spindle motor 9 is fixed to the upper part of the spindle head 7.

  The table device 12 includes a Y-axis moving mechanism 23 (see FIG. 3), a Y-axis table 13, an X-axis moving mechanism (not shown), a table 14, and the like. The Y-axis moving mechanism 23 is provided on the upper surface of a table support base 20 described later provided on the upper surface of the base 2. The Y-axis moving mechanism 23 includes a pair of Y-axis rails, a Y-axis ball screw, a Y-axis motor, and the like (not shown). The pair of Y-axis rails and the Y-axis ball screw extend in the Y-axis direction. The pair of Y-axis rails guides the Y-axis table 13 on the upper surface in the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis table 13 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes a nut (not shown) on the bottom outer surface. The nut is screwed onto the Y-axis ball screw. When the Y-axis motor rotates the Y-axis ball screw, the Y-axis table 13 moves along the pair of Y-axis rails together with the nut. Therefore, the Y-axis moving mechanism 23 supports the Y-axis table 13 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction.

  The X-axis moving mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the Y-axis table 13 and includes a pair of X-axis rails (not shown), an X-axis ball screw (not shown), an X-axis motor, and the like. The X-axis rail and the X-axis ball screw extend in the X-axis direction. The table 14 is formed in a rectangular plate shape in plan view and provided on the upper surface of the Y-axis table 13. The table 14 includes a nut (not shown) at the bottom. The nut is screwed into the X-axis ball screw. When the X-axis motor rotates the X-axis ball screw, the table 14 moves along with the nut along the pair of X-axis rails. Therefore, the X-axis moving mechanism supports the table 14 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the table 14 can be moved on the base 2 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the Y-axis moving mechanism 23, the Y-axis table 13, and the X-axis moving mechanism. The table 14 includes a protective cover 10 on the right side and a protective cover 11 on the left side. The Y-axis table 13 includes a Y-axis front cover 17 on the front side and a Y-axis rear cover 18 on the back side.

  The tool changer 15 is provided on the front side of the spindle head 7 and includes a disk-shaped tool magazine 16. The tool magazine 16 holds a plurality of tools (not shown) radially on the outer periphery, and positions the tool indicated by the tool change command at the tool change position.

  The structure of the base 2 will be described. The base 2 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that is long in the Y-axis direction. The core portion of the base 2 is so-called thinned (frame structure with ribs) for weight reduction, high strength, and low cost. The upper portion of the base 2 includes an upper surface (not shown) that is substantially rectangular in plan view and that is long in the Y-axis direction, and a peripheral plate 2A that surrounds the periphery of the upper surface and stands up. The base 2 is provided with a table support 20 at a substantially central portion in the left-right direction on the upper surface. The table support 20 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that is long in the Y-axis direction. The cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the table support base 20 is formed in a substantially concave shape. The table support 20 is provided with the Y-axis moving mechanism 23 of the table device 12 inside the upper surface formed in a concave shape.

  The column support 21 is located at the rear upper surface of the base 2. The column support 21 is formed in a substantially trapezoidal shape when viewed from the front, and includes a front surface 25 and a rear surface 26 parallel to the X-axis direction. The length of the column support base 21 in the X-axis direction is longer than the length of the table support base 20 in the X-axis direction and extends to the peripheral plates 2A on the left and right sides. The column support 21 has a pair of column seats 27 and 28 erected on both the left and right sides of the upper surface. The column seat 27 is provided on the upper right side of the column support 21 and the column seat 28 is provided on the left upper side of the column support 21. The column seats 27 and 28 are formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. The column seat portions 27 and 28 are pedestals for installing a pair of leg portions 51A and 52A, which will be described later, provided at the lower portion of the column 5 and fixing them with a plurality of screws (not shown).

  The column support 21 includes a right coolant passage 31 and a left coolant passage 32. The right coolant passage 31 penetrates the front surface 25 and the rear surface 26 in parallel to the Y-axis direction at a portion corresponding to the right side of the column support base 21 and between the right side surface of the table support base 20 and the peripheral plate 2A. And formed in a tunnel shape. The left coolant passage 32 penetrates the front surface 25 and the rear surface 26 in parallel to the Y-axis direction at a portion corresponding to the left side of the column support base 21 and between the left side surface of the table support base 20 and the peripheral plate 2A. And formed in a tunnel shape.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the column support 21 has an opening 31 </ b> A on the right side of the rear surface 26 and an opening 32 </ b> A on the left side of the rear surface 26. The opening 31 </ b> A is an outlet of the right coolant passage 31. The opening 32 </ b> A is an outlet of the left coolant passage 32. The column support 21 is provided with three sets of base-side fixing holes 261 arranged in the left-right direction in the region on the left side of the opening 31A (in FIG. 3, three base-side covers arranged in the vertical direction on the right side). Only the fixing hole 261 is shown). In these six base-side fixed holes 261, six fixing holes 67 provided in a lower fixing portion 62 of a right attachment 60 described later are positioned and fastened with screws 90. The column support base 21 is also provided with three sets of base side fixed holes 262 arranged in the left and right direction in the region on the right side of the opening 32A (in FIG. 3, three base side lines arranged in the vertical direction on the right side). Only the fixed hole 262 is shown). In these six base-side fixed holes 262, six fixing holes 721 provided in a lower fixing portion 72 of the left attachment 70 described later are positioned and fastened with screws 90. The base 2 is provided with a base cover 40 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) on the upper surface.

  The structure of column 5 will be described. The column 5 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape that is long in the Z-axis direction. The column 5 is provided with a Z-axis moving mechanism on the front surface. The Z-axis moving mechanism includes a pair of Z-axis rails (not shown), a Z-axis ball screw (not shown), a Z-axis motor 6 and the like. The Z-axis rail and the Z-axis ball screw extend in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis ball screw is disposed between a pair of Z-axis rails. The Z-axis motor 6 is fixed to the upper part of the column 5. The spindle head 7 is movable along the Z-axis rail. The spindle head 7 includes a nut (not shown) on the back surface. The nut is screwed onto the Z-axis ball screw. When the Z-axis motor 6 rotates the Z-axis ball screw, the spindle head 7 moves in the Z-axis direction.

  The column 5 includes a leg portion 51 </ b> A at the lower end portion of the right side surface 51 and a leg portion 52 </ b> A at the lower end portion of the left side surface 52. The leg portion 51 </ b> A is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape protruding rightward from the lower end portion of the right side surface 51. The leg 51A is installed on the upper surface of the column seat 27 on the right side of the column support 21 of the base 2 and fixed with a plurality of screws (not shown). The leg portion 52A is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape protruding leftward from the lower end portion of the left side surface 52. The leg 52A is installed on the upper surface of the column seat 28 on the left side of the column support 21 of the base 2 and fixed with a plurality of screws (not shown).

  In the column 5, three sets of column-side fixed holes 511 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) arranged in the front-rear direction are provided below the right side surface 51 in the vertical direction. In the six column-side fixed holes 511, six fixing holes 65 provided in an upper fixing portion 611 of the right attachment 60 described later are positioned and fastened with screws 90. The column 5 is also provided with three sets of column side fixing holes (not shown) arranged in the front and rear side by side in the vertical direction on the lower side of the left side surface 52. In these six base-side fixed holes, six fixing holes (not shown) provided in an upper fixing portion 711 of the left attachment 70 described later are positioned and fastened with screws (not shown).

  The right attachment 60 and the left attachment 70 will be described. In the following description, the right attachment 60 and the left attachment 70 are collectively referred to as attachments 60 and 70. As described above, the machine tool 1 has a structure in which the leg portions 51A and 52A of the column 5 are fixed to the column seat portions 27 and 28 of the column support base 21 of the base 2 with screws. For example, when the machine tool 1 is used on a soft floor such as the second floor of a factory, the vibration of the floor is transmitted to the base 2 of the machine tool 1. A rocking vibration in which the column 5 tilts back and forth with respect to the vibration of the base 2 (bowing) occurs. The frequency of the rocking vibration is 20 to 30 Hz. When the floor vibrates, the vibration frequency tends to be 20 to 30 Hz. Therefore, when the floor is shaken, the column 5 vibrates greatly. When a machining failure occurs due to vibration of the column 5, the operator bridges and fixes the attachments 60 and 70 between the base 2 and the column 5. The attachments 60 and 70 reinforce the fixing of the column 5 to the base 2. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool 1 change compared to when the attachments 60 and 70 are not fixed. By changing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool 1, the vibration of the column 5 can be reduced, and as a result, the vibration transmitted to the tool cutting edge can be reduced. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can prevent the occurrence of machining defects. The dynamic characteristic means a characteristic of a machine in a state where force or speed is applied to the machine tool and fluctuates. In this embodiment, the column 5 is easily vibrated with respect to the base 2. Means the characteristics of

  The shape of the right attachment 60 will be described. The right attachment 60 is a metal plate member that extends in the vertical direction and has a substantially central portion bent in a substantially crank shape. The right attachment 60 includes a main body portion 61 and a lower fixing portion 62. The main body 61 includes an upper fixing portion 611, a central bent portion 612, and a downward extending portion 613. The upper fixing portion 611 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction when viewed from the right side. The upper fixing portion 611 is provided with three sets of fixing holes 65 arranged in the front-rear direction and arranged in three sets in the vertical direction. Each position of the six fixing holes 65 corresponds to each position of the six column-side fixed holes 511 provided on the right side surface 51 of the column 5. The screw 90 is fastened to the column side fixed hole 511 through the fixing hole 65. Therefore, the upper fixing portion 611 is fixed in close contact with the right side surface 51 of the column 5.

  The central bent portion 612 extends obliquely downward with respect to the rear side from the lower end portion of the upper fixing portion 611 when viewed from the right side, and is bent downward in a substantially L shape behind the right side surface 51 of the column 5 as it is. Extend downward. Further, when the central bent portion 612 is viewed from the rear, the portion extending below the central bent portion 612 extends downward while curving to the left so as not to be disposed behind the right coolant passage 31. The central bent portion 612 is disposed in parallel to the penetrating direction of the right coolant passage 31. The downward extending portion 613 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape extending downward from the lower end portion of the central bent portion 612 when viewed from the right side. The downward extending portion 613 is disposed substantially perpendicular to the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

  The lower fixing portion 62 is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape that is long in the vertical direction, and is connected orthogonally to the front end portion of the downward extending portion 613 (see FIG. 3). The lower fixing portion 62 projects from the front end portion of the downward extending portion 613 in the left-right direction. The lower fixing portion 62 includes three fixing holes 67 arranged in the vertical direction in the portion on the right side of the downward extending portion 613, and three fixing holes arranged in the vertical direction in the portion on the left side of the downward extending portion 613. (Not shown). The positions of the six fixing holes 67 correspond to the positions of the six base-side fixed holes 261 provided on the right side of the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21 of the base 2. The screws 90 are fastened to the base-side fixed holes 261 of the column support base 21 through the six fixing holes 67 of the lower fixing portion 62. Therefore, the lower fixing portion 62 is fixed in close contact with the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21. Therefore, the right attachment 60 is bridged between the right side surface 51 of the column 5 and the right side surface 51 of the column 5 and fixed.

  The shape of the left attachment 70 will be described. The left attachment 70 is also a metal plate member extending in the vertical direction and having a substantially central portion bent in a substantially crank shape. The shape of the left attachment 70 is symmetrical to the shape of the right attachment 60. Although not described in detail, the left attachment 70 also includes a main body portion 71 and a lower fixing portion 72, similarly to the right attachment 60. The main body 71 includes an upper fixing portion 711, a central bent portion 712, and a downward extending portion 713, similarly to the main body portion 61 of the right attachment 60. The upper fixing portion 711 has six fixing holes (not shown). The fixing holes correspond to the positions of the six column-side fixed holes (not shown) provided in the left side surface 52 of the column 5. The screw is fastened to the column-side fixed hole via the fixing hole. Therefore, the upper fixing portion 711 is fixed in close contact with the left side surface 52 of the column 5.

  The lower fixing portion 72 includes three fixing holes 77 arranged in the vertical direction in the portion on the right side of the downward extending portion 713, and also includes three fixing holes (not shown) arranged in the vertical direction in the left portion. The positions of the six fixing holes 77 correspond to the positions of the six base-side fixed holes 262 provided on the left side of the rear surface 26 of the column support 21 of the base 2. The screws 90 are fastened to the base-side fixed holes 262 of the column support base 21 through the six fixing holes 77 of the lower fixing portion 72. Therefore, the lower fixing portion 72 is fixed in close contact with the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21. Therefore, the left attachment 70 is bridged and fixed between the left side of the rear surface 26 of the column support 21 of the base 2 and the left side surface 52 of the column 5.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the right attachment 60 is disposed so as to extend along the penetrating direction of the right coolant passage 31, and the main body 61 avoids the rear of the opening 31 </ b> A provided on the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21. Extend downward while curving to the left. Therefore, the right attachment 60 does not block the opening 31 </ b> A of the right coolant passage 31 provided in the column support 21 of the base 2. The left attachment 70 is also arranged along the penetrating direction of the left coolant passage 32, and the main body 71 is curved to the right so as to avoid the rear of the opening 32A provided in the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21. While extending downward. Therefore, the left attachment 70 does not block the opening 32 </ b> A of the left coolant passage 32 provided on the column support 21 of the base 2.

  The vibration reduction effect of the column 5 by the attachments 60 and 70 will be described. A confirmation test was conducted to confirm the vibration reduction effect. In the confirmation test, the vibrations generated between the spindle 4 and the table 14 when the floor was vibrated were measured using an acceleration sensor when the attachments 60 and 70 were not fixed and when they were fixed, respectively. By performing FFT analysis on the vibration measurement data, it was confirmed which vibration frequency was generated at what size. As shown in FIG. 4, it was found that when the attachments 60 and 70 are fixed, the compliance μm / N peak near the vibration frequency = 25 Hz can be reduced by about 20%, compared with the case where the attachments 60 and 70 are not fixed. Therefore, the confirmation test was able to demonstrate the vibration reduction effect of the column 5 due to the attachments 60 and 70 being fixed.

  In the above description, the right attachment 60 and the left attachment 70 are examples of the changing member of the present invention. The column support 21 is an example of the column support part of the present invention. The right coolant passage 31 and the left coolant passage 32 are examples of the hole of the present invention. The base side fixed holes 261 and 262 are examples of the base side fixed portion of the present invention. The column side fixed hole 511 is an example of the column side fixed portion of the present invention. The upper fixing portion 611 of the right attachment 60 is an example of the first fixing portion of the present invention, and the lower fixing portion 62 is an example of the second fixing portion of the present invention.

  The column side fixed hole 511 provided in the right side surface 51 of the column 5 is an example of the first column side fixed portion of the present invention, and the column side fixed hole (not shown) provided in the left side surface 52 is the present invention. It is an example of the 2nd column side fixed part. The base side fixed hole 261 provided in the rear surface 26 of the base 2 is an example of the first base side fixed part of the present invention, and the base side fixed hole 262 is an example of the second base side fixed part of the present invention. is there. The right attachment 60 is an example of a first changing member of the present invention, and the left attachment 70 is an example of a second changing member of the present invention.

  As described above, the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment includes the base 2, the column 5, the spindle 4, the spindle head 7, the table device 12, and the like. The base 2 is installed on the floor. The column 5 is connected to the rear part of the upper part of the base 2 and extends upward. The spindle 4 is equipped with a tool. The spindle head 7 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction along the front surface of the column 5 and holds the spindle 4 rotatably therein. The table device 12 is provided in a region on the front side excluding the column 5 side above the base 2. The table device 12 includes a table 14 that can move in the XY biaxial directions. The table 14 is disposed below the spindle head 7. For example, when the machine tool 1 is moved from a strong floor where vibration is difficult to occur to a soft floor, the column 5 may vibrate greatly with respect to the base 2. The operator changes the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool 1 by spanning and fixing the right attachment 60 and the left attachment 70 between the base 2 and the column 5. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can reduce the vibration generated in the column 5. This embodiment can also cope with a case where a machining defect of the work material occurs after delivery of the machine tool 1. Even when the machine tool 1 is moved and the place of use is changed, vibrations generated in the column 5 can be reduced by attaching and detaching the attachments 60 and 70 according to the hardness of the floor surface of the place of use. Since the attachments 60 and 70 are detachable, for example, when they are re-installed from a soft floor to a hard floor where vibrations do not easily occur, both or either of the attachments 60 and 70 may be removed. Since the attachments 60 and 70 are detachable, the conventional base shape is not greatly changed. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the machine tool 1 is not increased.

  In particular, the column 5 of the present embodiment supports not only the spindle head 7 but also the tool magazine 16 on the front side via the frame 8, so that the column 5 is subjected to a weight load on the spindle head 7 and the tool magazine 16. Therefore, when the column 5 vibrates, its amplitude increases. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can effectively reduce the vibration of the column 5 by attaching the attachments 60 and 70.

  In the above embodiment, the base cover 40 is installed on the upper surface of the base 2. The base cover 40 discharges chips and cutting fluid that fall during machining of the work material to the rear. The base 2 includes a column support 21 at the upper rear. The column support 21 includes a right coolant passage 31 and a left coolant passage 32. The right coolant passage 31 and the left coolant passage 32 penetrate the front surface 25 and the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21 in the front-rear direction. The right flow passage portion 42 of the base cover 40 is inserted through the right coolant passage 31 of the column support base 21, and the left flow passage portion 43 is inserted through the left coolant passage 32 of the column support base 21. For example, the right attachment 60 is provided on the base side fixed hole 261 provided at a position different from the opening 31 A of the right coolant passage 31 formed on the rear surface 26 of the column support 21 and the right side surface 51 of the column 5. It spans between the column side fixed holes 511 and is detachably fixed. The left attachment 70 includes a base side fixed hole 262 provided at a position different from the opening 32 A of the left coolant passage 32 formed on the rear surface 26 of the column support 21 and a column provided on the left side 52 of the column 5. It is bridged between side fixing holes (not shown) and fixed detachably.

  Therefore, the attachments 60 and 70 can firmly connect the base 2 and the column 5 without blocking the right coolant passage 31 and the left coolant passage 32. Since the attachments 60 and 70 can be arranged on the rear surface 26 side of the column support 21, they are not arranged on the front side of the column 5 where the table device 12 and the spindle head 7 are arranged, so that the processing area around the spindle 4 is not narrowed.

  The right attachment 60 of the above embodiment is formed in a plate shape and includes an upper fixing portion 611 and a lower fixing portion 62. The upper fixing portion 611 is one end portion on the column 5 side, and is fixed to the column-side fixed hole 511 with a screw 90 while being in contact with the right side surface 51 of the column 5. The lower fixing portion 62 is the other end portion on the base side, and is supported so that the right attachment 60 extends in parallel with the penetrating direction of the right coolant passage 31 and can be attached to and detached from the base-side fixed hole 261 with a screw 90. Fix it. Therefore, in the machine tool 1, the right attachment 60 does not block the right coolant passage 31, and does not hinder the flow of chips and cutting fluid in the right channel portion 42.

  In the machine tool of the above embodiment, the column 5 and the base 2 are coupled using the pair of right attachment 60 and left attachment 70, so that the column 5 can be coupled to the base 2 in a strong and balanced manner. Since the machine tool 1 can effectively suppress vibration generated in the column 5 even when installed on a soft floor, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of machining defects.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. The attachments 60 and 70 of the present embodiment are fixed between the column 5 and the base 2, but may be configured such that the attachment can be detachably fixed only to the base 2, for example. For example, the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool 1 may be changed by changing the location where the attachment is attached to the base 2, the weight of the attachment, the shape, and the like. For example, the attachment may be fixed to the front surface, side surface, bottom surface or the like of the base 2. Since the machine tool 1 according to the present embodiment has a structure in which the column 5 is fixed to the upper portion of the base 2, the machine tool 1 is preferably fixed across the base 2 and the column 5.

  The attachments 60 and 70 of the present embodiment are configured as a pair of left and right, but only one of them may be provided, and the number of attachments may be further increased. The attachment / detachment location of the attachments 60 and 70 is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be freely changed. For example, the attachments 60 and 70 are bridged between the rear surface 53 of the column 5 and the rear surface 26 of the column support 21 of the base 2 and fixed. May be.

  The attachments 60 and 70 of the present embodiment are formed in a plate shape, but are not limited to a plate shape, and may be, for example, a rod shape, a block shape, a spherical shape, a prismatic shape, or the like.

  The attachments 60 and 70 of the present embodiment extend downward while curving to the center in the left-right direction in order to avoid the rear of the openings 31A and 32A provided on the rear surface 26 of the column support base 21 of the base 2. However, it may be curved so as to swell on the left and right sides, for example.

  The number of the base side fixed holes 261 and 262 and the column side fixed holes 511 of the present embodiment is not limited to six and can be freely changed. The number of fixing holes 65 and 67 of the right attachment 60 and the number of fixing holes 77 of the left attachment 70 are not limited to six and can be freely changed.

  In the present embodiment, the base cover 40 is provided on the upper portion of the base 2, but the base cover 40 may be omitted.

The machine tool 1 of the present embodiment is a type in which the table 14 is movable in the XY biaxial directions.
For example, the position of the table may be fixed, and the column may be movable in the XY biaxial directions. It is only necessary that the table and the spindle can move relative to each other.

  The machine tool 1 of the above embodiment is a vertical machine tool in which the main shaft 4 extends in the Z-axis direction, but the present invention can also be applied to a horizontal machine tool in which the main shaft extends in the horizontal direction.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Base 4 Spindle 5 Column 7 Spindle head 14 Table 21 Column support stand 25 Front 26 Rear surface 31 Right coolant passage 31A Opening 32 Left coolant passage 32A Opening 51 Right side 52 Left side 60 Right attachment 62 Lower fixed part 70 Left Attachment 72 Lower Fixed Portion 261 Base Side Fixed Hole 262 Base Side Fixed Hole 511 Column Side Fixed Hole 611 Upper Fixed Portion 711 Upper Fixed Portion

Claims (5)

In a machine tool that has a base installed on the floor and works the workpiece with a tool,
A machine tool characterized in that a changing member for changing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool when vibration is applied to the machine tool is detachably fixed to the base. A column coupled to the rear part of the upper part of the base and extending upward, a spindle head provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction along the front surface of the column, and a spindle head for rotatably holding the spindle on which the tool is mounted; A table provided below the spindle head in a region on the front side excluding the rear portion, and a table for holding a work material;
The change member is
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool is detachably fixed so as to be bridged between the base and the column. A discharge path for discharging chips and cutting fluid which are provided at the upper part of the base and fall during processing of the work material; and
A column support portion provided at the rear portion of the upper portion of the base and supporting the lower portion of the column;
A front hole and a rear hole of the column support portion that pass through in the front-rear direction and communicate with the discharge path;
The changing member is provided between a base-side fixed portion provided at a position different from an opening of the hole portion formed in the rear surface of the column support portion and a column-side fixed portion provided in the column. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the machine tool is detachably fixed. The column side fixed portion is provided on a side surface parallel to the front-rear direction of the column,
The change member is formed in a plate shape,
A first fixing portion that is provided at one end of the column side and is detachably fixed to the column-side fixed portion in a state of being in contact with the side surface of the column;
A second fixing portion that is provided at the other end portion on the base side, supports the changing member so as to extend in parallel with the penetrating direction of the hole portion, and is detachably fixed to the base side fixed portion; The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the machine tool is provided. The column side fixed part is
A first column side fixed portion provided on the right side surface of the column;
A second column side fixed portion provided on the left side surface of the column,
The base side fixed portion is
A first base-side fixed portion corresponding to the first column-side fixed portion; provided on the rear surface of the column support portion;
A second base side fixed portion corresponding to the second column side fixed portion, provided on the rear surface of the column support portion;
The change member is
A first changing member that is detachably fixed across the first base side fixed portion and the first column side fixed portion;
The second change member fixed to the second base side fixed portion and the second column side fixed portion so as to be detachable and fixed between the second base side fixed portion and the second column side fixed portion. Machine tools.

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