JP2018161044A - Solar power system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar power system which can effectively grow phototrophic organisms with a simple constitution and is also excellent in electrical characteristics such as photoelectric conversion efficiency.SOLUTION: The solar power system includes a solar cell module including a power generation unit, installed so as to cover at least part of a growing space for growing phototrophic organisms, letting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm transmit, and generating power using light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, a phototrophic organism (photosynthetic organism) breeding facility using such a system, and a breeding method for growing a phototrophic organism.

  In recent years, solar power generation using sunlight has attracted attention as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels and nuclear power, and various solar power generation systems have been used.

  For example, the following Patent Document 1 discloses a farm with a solar power generation system that transmits light necessary for growth of agricultural and horticultural crops and allows other light to enter a solar cell array and use it for solar power generation. A horticultural facility is disclosed, and a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 800 nm to 1200 nm and transmits light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 500 nm and a wavelength of 600 nm to 700 nm is used, and at least a part of the light reflected by the member is used. A mode is disclosed in which at least part of the light that is incident on the solar cell array and transmitted through the member is incident on the inside of the facility.

  Patent Document 2 below discloses a movable solar cell system that generates light with surplus light by introducing only a necessary amount of light having a wavelength optimal for growing plants and animals into the facility. It is equipped with a movable solar panel placed on the ceiling of the facility and a movable solar panel placed on the wall, and the dye-sensitized solar cells that are opaque and the collector wiring are variously striped. It arrange | positions in a simple pattern shape and the aspect which adjusts these arrangement | positioning patterns and adjusts the transmittance | permeability of sunlight is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-208288 JP 2009-129686 A

  However, in the aspect disclosed in Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to use a reflecting member in addition to the solar cell, a separate installation location for the reflecting member is necessary, and these various adjustments are required to stabilize the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition to requiring complicated processing such as the need for the solar cell, only the reflected light is incident on the solar cell, which may degrade the solar cell characteristics such as photoelectric conversion efficiency.

  Moreover, in the aspect which the said patent document 2 discloses, the structure of a movable solar panel provided with a movable mechanism and the dye-sensitized solar cell and current collection wiring arrange | positioned in pattern shape becomes very complicated, and transmitted light It is difficult to adjust the balance between the wavelength and the amount of light and the wavelength and the amount of light incident on the movable solar panel, and the transmitted light amount for each movable solar panel and / or the power generation amount for each movable solar panel is constant. There is a risk that it will be difficult to maintain the temperature.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to use a phototrophic organism such as an adult by using a light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm among power incident on a solar cell module for power generation with a simple configuration without the need to use a reflecting member or the like. A photovoltaic power generation system capable of effectively growing phototrophic organisms using light transmitted through a solar cell module and having excellent electrical characteristics such as photoelectric conversion efficiency while suppressing adverse effects on There is.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [14].
[1] It is installed so as to cover at least a part of a growth space for growing phototrophic organisms, transmits at least part of light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, and generates power using light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. A solar power generation system including a solar cell module including a power generation unit.
[2] The photovoltaic power generation system according to [1], wherein the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module at a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm is 10% or more.
[3] The photovoltaic power generation system according to [1], wherein the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module at a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm is 20% or more.
[4] The photovoltaic power generation system according to [1], wherein the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module at a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm is 30% or more.
[5] The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of red light, the photon flux density of green light, and the photon flux density of blue light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 2.8. The photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of [1] to [4], which is the above.
[6] The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of red light and the photon flux density of green light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 2.0 or more. [1] The photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of to [4].
[7] The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of the photon flux density of the red light to the photon flux density of the near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 1.1 or more. [1] to [4] ] The solar power generation system as described in any one of.
[8] The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of the photon flux density of green light to the photon flux density of green light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 1.0 or more. [1] to [4] ] The solar power generation system as described in any one of.
[9] The power generation unit includes:
A substrate capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A first electrode capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A second electrode capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A photoelectric device provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, which transmits at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm and generates charges using at least part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. The photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of [1] to [8], including a conversion layer.
[10] The solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the solar cell module is an organic solar cell module or an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell module.
[11] The solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the solar cell module is an organic thin-film solar cell module.
[12] A polymer compound in which the photoelectric conversion layer includes one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (II): The solar power generation system according to [11].
[In formula (I), Z represents a group represented by the following formula (Z-1) to formula (Z-8). Ar ¹ and Ar ² represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Ar ¹ and Ar ² may be the same or different. ]
[In the formulas (Z-1) to (Z-8), R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. An alkoxy group which may have a group, an aryloxy group which may have a substituent, an alkylthio group which may have a substituent, an arylthio group which may have a substituent, a substituent A monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituted amino group, an acyl group, an imine residue, a substituted amide group, an acid imide group, a substituted carboxyl group, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, a substituted group An alkynyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group which may have a group is represented. In the formulas (Z-1), (Z-2), (Z-4), (Z-5), (Z-6), (Z-7) and (Z-8), a plurality of Rs are They may be the same or different. ]
[In the formula (II), Ar ³ represents a divalent condensed polycyclic arylene group or a condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group in which 2 to 5 aromatic carbocyclic rings and aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed. n represents an integer of 1 to 6. R represents the same meaning as described above. When there are a plurality of R, they may be the same or different. ]
[13] A growing facility for phototrophic organisms comprising the solar power generation system according to any one of [1] to [12].
[14] A phototrophic organism growing method for growing a phototrophic organism using the photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of [1] to [12],
Growing phototrophic organisms, including the step of growing the phototrophic organisms in the growth space using light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm transmitted through the solar cell module and power generated by the solar cell module Method.

  According to the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention, the training facility using the same, and the training method, it is possible to achieve both efficient photovoltaic power generation and effective training of phototrophic organisms with a simple configuration.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing measurement results of spectral transmittance. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency of the organic thin film solar cell constituting the organic thin film solar cell module. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the shape of leaf blades and the distribution and shade of coloring on the surface. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 684 nm derived from chlorophyll absorption of a cultured freshwater chlorella sample. FIG. 5 is a graph showing measurement results of spectral transmittance. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency of the organic thin-film solar battery constituting the organic thin-film solar battery module. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 684 nm derived from chlorophyll absorption of a cultured freshwater chlorella sample.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. In addition, this invention is not limited by the following embodiment. In addition, the illustrated numerical values and the like are only suitable examples of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the illustrated numerical values.

1. Photovoltaic power generation system The photovoltaic power generation system according to the present embodiment is installed so as to cover at least a part of a growing space for growing a phototrophic organism, and transmits at least a part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm. In addition, the solar power generation system includes a solar cell module including a power generation unit that generates power using light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm.

  The solar power generation system according to the present embodiment includes a solar cell module. The solar cell module includes a power generation unit. The power generation unit is an essential functional unit of the solar cell module having a function of photoelectrically converting incident light.

  The power generation unit included in such a solar cell module is configured by a so-called solar cell. Examples of solar cells constituting the power generation unit according to the present embodiment include single-crystal silicon solar cells, polycrystalline silicon solar cells, inorganic solar cells such as amorphous silicon solar cells, and compound solar cells such as CIGS compound solar cells. Organic solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells and organic thin film solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells such as perovskite solar cells. Among these, from the viewpoint of production cost, an organic solar cell is preferable, and further an organic thin film solar cell is more preferable. From the viewpoint of handling, a film using a flexible film as a support substrate and a sealing substrate. Type solar cells are preferred, and film-type organic thin-film solar cells are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of production cost and handling.

The solar cell according to this embodiment has a configuration capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm. Therefore, all of the constituent elements constituting the solar cell are made of a material that can transmit at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm.
By comprising in this way, the light quantity which injects into a phototrophic organism can be maximized, maximizing the area which can be utilized for photoelectric conversion in a solar cell module.

  In the present embodiment, “transmits at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm” means that light having a wavelength included in the light band of wavelength 400 nm to 700 nm can be transmitted with a predetermined transmittance. .

  The power generation unit of the solar cell module according to the present embodiment transmits at least a part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm and absorbs (does not transmit) at least a part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. The transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm of the power generation unit of the solar cell module is 10% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more. Moreover, the transmittance | permeability of the light of the wavelength 700nm-800nm of the power generation part of a solar cell module is 50% or less, Preferably it is 30% or less, More preferably, it is 10% or less.

  In the case of an inorganic solar cell, even if it is a component formed of a material that cannot transmit at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm at a predetermined thickness, for example, the function is not impaired. On the condition that the thickness of the component is made thin enough to transmit at least part of light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, at least part of light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm can be transmitted. It can be set as the structure which can be performed.

As already described, the power generation unit of the solar cell module of the present embodiment generates power using at least a part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. Such characteristics can be realized by selecting a material for the photoelectric conversion layer. For example, in the case of an inorganic solar cell, it can be realized by using crystalline silicon and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). In the case of a dye-sensitized solar cell, a ruthenium complex, porphyrin as a sensitizing dye. It can be realized by using a derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, or a squalin derivative. In the case of a perovskite solar cell, it can be realized by using CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ .

  In the present embodiment, “power generation using at least a part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm” means photoelectric conversion of light having a wavelength included in the light band of wavelength 700 nm to 800 nm with a predetermined external quantum efficiency. Means you can. In addition, the electric power generation part of the solar cell module of this embodiment can use the light of wavelength 400nm -700nm also for an electric power generation, on the condition that the objective of this invention is not impaired.

  The external quantum efficiency at a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm of the solar cell module (power generation unit) according to this embodiment is 10% or more, and is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency. .

  Hereinafter, an organic thin-film solar cell is demonstrated among the solar cells which can be applied suitably for the solar power generation system concerning this embodiment.

<1> Organic thin film solar cell The organic thin film solar cell constituting the solar cell module of the present embodiment is a substrate capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm and at least light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm. A first electrode capable of transmitting part of the light, a second electrode capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, and the first electrode and the second electrode. And a photoelectric conversion layer that transmits at least part of light of 400 nm to 700 nm and generates charges using at least part of light of wavelength 700 nm to 800 nm.

  The organic thin film solar cell of this embodiment is usually produced on a support substrate. As an organic thin-film solar cell produced on a support substrate, the organic thin-film solar cell by which a support substrate, a 1st electrode, a photoelectric converting layer, and a 2nd electrode are laminated | stacked in this order is mentioned, for example.

  An intermediate layer capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm may be provided between the first electrode and / or the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. Examples of the intermediate layer include an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer.

  As an example of the organic thin film solar cell of the present embodiment, an organic layer in which a support substrate, a first electrode (cathode), an electron transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode (anode) are laminated in this order. A photoelectric conversion element is mentioned.

(Support substrate)
The support substrate of the present embodiment is a substrate that can transmit at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm. As the support substrate, a substrate that does not change chemically when a solar cell and a solar cell module are manufactured is preferably used. The support substrate may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate (a thin plate substrate, a film, or the like). Examples of the supporting substrate include a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, a silicon substrate, a polymer film, and a combination thereof. The support substrate may include, for example, components and members for adjusting the wavelength of light incident on the growth space, the amount of light, the temperature of the growth space, and the like. Examples of such components and members include ultraviolet absorbers, ultraviolet reflectors, and ultraviolet shielding films (for example, BRAINTEC, INC) for adjusting the amount of incident ultraviolet rays that are generally considered harmful to phototrophic organisms. SUV400 Neutral 70), UV reflective film.

  In the present embodiment, the support substrate preferably has a light transmittance of 10% or more from a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm from the viewpoint of securing the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of light photoelectrically converted by the solar cell. It is more preferably 30% or more, and further preferably a support substrate that is 50% or more is used.

(First electrode and second electrode)
Here, an electrode closer to the support substrate is a first electrode, and an electrode far from the support substrate is a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are an anode or a cathode. In other words, one of the first electrode and the second electrode is an anode, and the other is a cathode.

  From the viewpoint of ensuring the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of light photoelectrically converted by the solar cell, the first electrode and the second electrode preferably have a light transmittance of 10% or more at a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm. % Or more is more preferable, and it is further more preferable that it is 50% or more. From the viewpoint of the heat shielding effect, it is preferable that at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode has a reflectance of 10% or more of light having a wavelength of 1500 nm to 2500 nm, It is more preferably 30% or more, and further preferably 50% or more.

  Examples of a highly light-transmitting electrode having a light transmittance of 10% or more at a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm include a conductive metal oxide thin film, a metal thin film, a nanoparticle thin film of a conductive substance, and a conductive substance. Examples thereof include nanowire thin films, nanotube thin films of conductive materials, polymer compound thin films, and metal meshes.

  Examples of the metal oxide that is a material of the first electrode and the second electrode include indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and a composite thereof such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide ( IZO) and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

  The 1st electrode and the 2nd electrode may be comprised only from the nanoparticle, nanowire, or nanofiber of an electroconductive substance, and the nanoparticle, nanowire, or nanofiber of an electroconductive substance is predetermined | prescribed, such as a conductive polymer. It may have a configuration of being distributed in the medium.

  From the viewpoint of obtaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency, the material of the first electrode and the second electrode is preferably ITO, IZO, GZO, tin oxide, or silver nanowire.

  A material capable of setting the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm in the first electrode and / or the second electrode to 10% or more and the reflectance of light having a wavelength of 1500 nm to 2500 nm of 10% or more. Examples include ITO, IZO, GZO, metal thin film, ITO or IZO or a combination of GZO and metal thin film, and silver nanowires.

  By using an electrode having a reflectance of 10% or more for light having a wavelength of 1500 nm to 2500 nm, light (heat rays) having a wavelength of 1500 nm to 2500 nm is reflected to effectively suppress the temperature rise in the solar cell and the growing facility. be able to.

  Even with a material having low light transmittance, for example, by reducing the thickness, it may be possible to ensure predetermined light transmittance. Examples of materials for the first electrode and the second electrode that can be used in this case include metals and conductive polymers (conductive polymers).

  Examples of the metal that is the material of the first electrode and the second electrode in this case include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, aluminum, scandium, vanadium, zinc, yttrium, indium, Cerium, samarium, europium, terbium, ytterbium, and two or more of these alloys, or one or more of the above metals and gold, silver, platinum, copper, manganese, titanium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, and tin An alloy with one or more metals selected from the group can be mentioned. Examples of the alloy include magnesium-silver alloy, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, indium-silver alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, and calcium-aluminum alloy.

  Examples of the conductive polymer that is a material of the first electrode and the second electrode in this case include graphite, a graphite intercalation compound, polyaniline and a derivative thereof, and polythiophene and a derivative thereof.

(Electron transport layer)
From the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of electron transport from the photoelectric conversion layer to the cathode and suppressing the peeling of the cathode, the organic thin-film solar cell according to the present embodiment includes an electron transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the cathode. It is preferable.

  The electron transport layer includes an electron transport material. The electron transporting material may be an organic compound or an inorganic compound. The electron transport material which is an organic compound may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound.

  Examples of low molecular weight compounds among organic compounds that are electron transporting materials include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, tetracyanoanthra Examples thereof include quinodimethane and derivatives thereof, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and derivatives thereof, fullerenes and derivatives thereof, and phenanthrene derivatives such as bathocuproine.

  Examples of the polymer compound among the organic polymer compounds that are electron transport materials include polyvinyl carbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine residue in the side chain or main chain, and polyaniline. And derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, polyquinoline and derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline and derivatives thereof, polyfluorene and derivatives thereof, PEIE (polyethyleneimine ethoxy Rate) and PEI (polyethyleneimine).

  Among these, the electron transporting material which is an organic compound is preferably a polyfluorene derivative, PEIE (polyethyleneimine ethoxylate), or PEI (polyethyleneimine) from the viewpoint of obtaining high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

  Examples of the electron transporting material that is an inorganic compound include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, ITO, FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), GZO (gallium-doped zinc oxide), and ATO (antimony-doped). Tin oxide) and AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide). Among these, zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, or aluminum-doped zinc oxide is preferable, and it is more preferable to use nanoparticles of zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, or aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The average particle size of the nanoparticles of zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide is preferably 1 nm to 1000 nm, and more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm. The average particle diameter can be measured by a laser light scattering method or an X-ray diffraction method.

  The electron transport layer of the organic thin film solar cell of this embodiment has a light transmittance of 10% or more from a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm from the viewpoint of ensuring the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell. It is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more. From the viewpoint of the efficiency of electron transport from the photoelectric conversion layer to the cathode, the thickness of the electron transport layer is preferably about 0.1 nm to 300 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm.

(Photoelectric conversion layer)
The photoelectric conversion layer which the organic thin-film solar cell of this embodiment has includes at least one organic semiconductor material. The organic semiconductor material according to the present embodiment transmits at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm and generates charges using at least part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. Here, the photoelectric conversion layer is not limited to light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, but also provided that a part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, that is, light other than transmitted light, is provided that the object of the present invention is not impaired. It can be set as the aspect which produces | generates an electric charge using.

(I) Organic Semiconductor Material The organic semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion layer of the present embodiment is a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) and the following formula (from the viewpoint of the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the photoelectric conversion efficiency: It is preferable to have one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by II).

In the formula (I), Z represents a group represented by the following formula (Z-1) to formula (Z-8). Ar ¹ and Ar ² represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group. Ar ¹ and Ar ² may be the same or different.

  In the formulas (Z-1) to (Z-8), R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. An alkoxy group which may have a group, an aryloxy group which may have a substituent, an alkylthio group which may have a substituent, an arylthio group which may have a substituent, a substituent A monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituted amino group, an acyl group, an imine residue, a substituted amide group, an acid imide group, a substituted carboxyl group, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, a substituted group An alkynyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group which may have a group is represented. In the formulas (Z-1), (Z-2), (Z-4), (Z-5), (Z-6), (Z-7) and (Z-8), a plurality of R's are They may be the same or different.

  In addition, as an example of the substituent which the group illustrated by this specification may have, unless otherwise specified, a fluorine atom, a C1-C60 alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, and heteroaryl group Is mentioned.

  Further, a group attached with “substituted” means that the group further has a substituent. Examples of the substituent in this case include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, and a heteroaryl group.

In the formula (II), Ar ³ represents a divalent condensed polycyclic arylene group or a condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group in which 2 to 5 aromatic carbocycles and / or aromatic heterocycles are condensed. n represents an integer of 1 to 6. R represents the same meaning as described above. When there are a plurality of R, they may be the same or different independently of each other.

(Ii) Structural unit represented by formula (I) In formula (I), the trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group represented by Ar ¹ and Ar ² is a substituent. 3 hydrogen atoms directly bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic carbocyclic ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring from the aromatic hydrocarbon compound optionally having aromatic hydrocarbon or the substituent Represents the remaining atomic group.

  The number of carbon atoms of the trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and the trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 4 to 60, and more preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the substituent that the trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or the trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group may have include, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, Examples include an arylthio group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and a cyano group.

  The hydrogen atom represented by R may be a light hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

  Examples of the halogen atom represented by R include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.

  The alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R may be linear, branched or cyclic.

  The number of carbon atoms of the linear alkyl group is usually 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  The number of carbon atoms of the branched and cyclic alkyl group is usually 3 to 50, preferably 3 to 30, and more preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the substituent that the alkyl group may have include, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, and an isoamyl group. 2-ethylbutyl group, n-hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, n-heptyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group, cyclohexylethyl group, n-octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 3-n-propylheptyl group, adamantyl group, n- Unsubstituted alkyl groups such as decyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyl group, 2-ethyloctyl group, 2-n-hexyl-decyl group, n-dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, octadecyl group, eicosyl group; Fluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, perfluorobutyl group, perfluorohexyl group, Substituted alkyl groups such as fluorooctyl group, 3-phenylpropyl group, 3- (4-methylphenyl) propyl group, 3- (3,5-di-n-hexylphenyl) propyl group, 6-ethyloxyhexyl group, etc. Can be mentioned.

  An aryl group means an atomic group remaining after removing one hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring from an aromatic hydrocarbon.

  The number of carbon atoms of the aryl group which may have a substituent represented by R is usually 6 to 60, preferably 6 to 20, and more preferably 6 to 10. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the aryl group which may have a substituent include a phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthracenyl group, 2-anthracenyl group, 9-anthracenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2 -Pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, 2-fluorenyl group, 3-fluorenyl group, 4-fluorenyl group, 2-phenylphenyl group, 3-phenylphenyl group, 4-phenylphenyl group and these are alkyl groups as substituents; Examples include groups having an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom, and the like.

  The alkoxy group which may have a substituent represented by R may be linear, branched or cyclic.

  The number of carbon atoms of the linear alkoxy group is usually 1 to 40, preferably 4 to 10. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  The number of carbon atoms of the branched and cyclic alkoxy group is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the alkoxy group which may have a substituent include, for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propyloxy group, an isopropyloxy group, an n-butyloxy group, an isobutyloxy group, a tert-butyloxy group, and an n-pentyloxy group. Group, n-hexyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group, n-heptyloxy group, n-octyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, n-nonyloxy group, n-decyloxy group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxy group, lauryl An oxy group is mentioned.

  The number of carbon atoms of the aryloxy group which may have a substituent represented by R is usually 6 to 60, and preferably 7 to 48. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the aryloxy group which may have a substituent include a phenoxy group, 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group, 1-anthracenyloxy group, 9-anthracenyloxy group, 1- Examples include a pyrenyloxy group and a group having an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a fluorine atom or the like as a substituent.

  The alkylthio group which may have a substituent represented by R may be linear, branched or cyclic.

  The number of carbon atoms of the linear alkylthio group is usually 1 to 40, preferably 4 to 10. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  The number of carbon atoms of the branched and cyclic alkylthio group is usually 3 to 40, preferably 4 to 10. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the alkylthio group which may have a substituent include, for example, a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, an isopropylthio group, a butylthio group, an isobutylthio group, a tert-butylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, and a cyclohexylthio group. , Heptylthio group, octylthio group, 2-ethylhexylthio group, nonylthio group, decylthio group, 3,7-dimethyloctylthio group, laurylthio group and trifluoromethylthio group.

  The number of carbon atoms of the arylthio group represented by R is usually 6 to 60, preferably 7 to 48. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the arylthio group which may have a substituent include a phenylthio group, an alkyloxyphenylthio group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylphenylthio group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a 1-naphthylthio group, and 2 -A naphthylthio group and a pentafluorophenylthio group are mentioned.

  The monovalent heterocyclic group means a remaining atomic group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from hydrogen atoms directly bonded to a carbon atom or a hetero atom constituting a ring from a heterocyclic compound. The monovalent heterocyclic group includes an aromatic heterocyclic group in which the heterocyclic compound is an aromatic heterocyclic compound.

  Aromatic heterocyclic compounds include oxadiazole, thiadiazole, thiazole, oxazole, thiophene, pyrrole, phosphole, furan, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, triazine, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, dibenzosilol, dibenzophosphole, etc. A compound in which the heterocycle itself exhibits aromaticity, and the heterocycle itself such as phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzoborol, dibenzosilole, benzopyran does not exhibit aromaticity, the aromatic ring is condensed to the heterocycle. Are included.

  The monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent represented by R is preferably a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group.

  The number of carbon atoms of the monovalent heterocyclic group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent include, for example, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, furyl group, pyridyl group, piperidyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, pyrimidinyl group, triazinyl group, and the like. Examples of the substituent include a group having an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or the like.

  The substituted amino group represented by R is an amino group having two substituents. The substituent that the substituted amino group has is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a monovalent heterocyclic group.

  Examples of the substituted amino group include a dialkylamino group and a diarylamino group.

  Examples of the substituted amino group include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diphenylamino group, bis (4-methylphenyl) amino group, bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) amino group, and bis (3,5-di-tert). -Butylphenyl) amino group.

  The acyl group represented by R usually has 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

  Examples of the acyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a pivaloyl group, a benzoyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, and a pentafluorobenzoyl group.

  An imine residue is a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an imine compound. The imine residue is represented by -N = C-R1 or -C = N-R1. Here, R1 represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent or an aryl group which may have a substituent. The alkyl group optionally having substituent (s) represented by R1 and the aryl group optionally having substituent (s) are the alkyls optionally having substituent (s) represented by R described above. It is synonymous with the aryl group which may have a group and a substituent.

  An imine compound is an organic compound having a group represented by -N = C- in the molecule. Examples of the imine compound include aldimine, ketimine, and compounds in which a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen atom contained therein is substituted with an alkyl group or the like.

  The number of carbon atoms of the imine residue represented by R is usually 2-20, preferably 2-18. Examples of the imine residue include a group represented by the following formula.

  The number of carbon atoms of the substituted amide group represented by R is usually 2 to 20, and preferably 2 to 18.

  Specific examples of the substituted amide group include a formamide group, an acetamide group, a propioamide group, a butyroamide group, a benzamide group, a trifluoroacetamide group, a pentafluorobenzamide group, a diformamide group, a diacetamide group, a dipropioamide group, a dibutyroamide group, and a dibenzamide. Group, ditrifluoroacetamide group, dipentafluorobenzamide group.

  The acid imide group represented by R is a residue obtained by removing a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a nitrogen atom of acid imide. The number of carbon atoms in the acid imide group is usually about 4-20.

  Examples of the acid imide group include a group represented by the following formula.

  The substituted carboxy group represented by R represents a carboxy group substituted with an alkyl group, an aryl group, an arylalkyl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group. The number of carbon atoms of the substituted carboxy group is usually 2 to 60, and preferably 2 to 48. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Specific examples of the substituted carboxy group include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, a propoxycarbonyl group, an isopropoxycarbonyl group, a butoxycarbonyl group, an isobutoxycarbonyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a pentyloxycarbonyl group, and a hexyloxycarbonyl group. Cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, heptyloxycarbonyl group, octyloxycarbonyl group, 2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl group, nonyloxycarbonyl group, decyloxycarbonyl group, 3,7-dimethyloctyloxycarbonyl group, dodecyloxycarbonyl group, tri Fluoromethoxycarbonyl group, pentafluoroethoxycarbonyl group, perfluorobutoxycarbonyl group, perfluorohexyloxycarbonyl group, perfluoro Chi le oxycarbonyl group, phenoxycarbonyl group, naphthoxycarbonyl group, and a pyridyloxycarbonyl group.

  The alkenyl group optionally having a substituent represented by R may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms of the linear alkenyl group is usually 2-30, preferably 3-20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  The number of carbon atoms of the branched and cyclic alkenyl group is usually 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the alkenyl group which may have a substituent include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, 4-pentenyl group, 1 Examples include -hexenyl group, 5-hexenyl group, 7-octenyl group, and groups having an alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, fluorine atom or the like as a substituent.

  The alkynyl group which may have a substituent represented by R may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is usually 2-20, preferably 3-20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  The number of carbon atoms of the branched and cyclic alkynyl group is usually 4 to 30, preferably 4 to 20. The number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.

  Examples of the alkynyl group which may have a substituent include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4-pentynyl group, 1 -A hexynyl group, a 5-hexynyl group and a group in which these have an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a fluorine atom or the like as a substituent.

  The structural unit represented by the formula (I) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (III) from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency.

  In the formula (III), Z represents the same meaning as described above.

  Examples of the structural unit represented by the formula (III) include structural units represented by the following formulas (501) to (506).

  In the formulas (501) to (506), R represents the same meaning as described above. When there are two R, they may be the same or different.

  Among the structural units represented by the formula (501) to the formula (506), from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the formula (501), the formula (502), the formula (503), the formula (504), and the formula (506). The structural unit represented by Formula (501) and the formula (504) is more preferable, and the structural unit represented by the formula (501) is particularly preferable.

(Iii) A divalent condensed polycycle in which 2 to 5 rings selected from the group consisting of an aromatic carbocyclic ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring represented by Ar ³ are condensed. An arylene group or a divalent condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group is a hydrogen atom directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting a ring in which 2 to 5 rings selected from the group consisting of an aromatic carbocycle and an aromatic heterocycle are condensed The remaining atomic group excluding two.

  The number of carbon atoms of the divalent condensed polycyclic arylene group or the condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group is usually 2 to 60, preferably 4 to 60, and more preferably 4 to 20.

  The structural unit represented by the formula (II) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (IV) from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency.

In formula (IV), X ¹ and X ² each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and R represents the same meaning as described above. Two R may be the same or different.

From the viewpoint of availability of the raw material compound, it is preferable that X ¹ and X ^{2 in the} formula (IV) are both sulfur atoms.

(Iv) Other organic semiconductor materials The photoelectric conversion layer of the present embodiment has a formula as an electron donating compound and / or an electron accepting compound from the viewpoint of enhancing the hole transport property and / or the electron transport property of the photoelectric conversion layer. An organic semiconductor material other than the organic semiconductor material having one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of the structural unit represented by (I) and the structural unit represented by formula (II) may be included. Here, whether the compound is an electron-donating compound or an electron-accepting compound is relatively determined from the energy levels of these compounds.

  Examples of the electron donating compound contained in the photoelectric conversion layer include pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, oligothiophene and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, side chains or Examples thereof include polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine residue in the main chain, polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyphenylene vinylene and derivatives thereof, and polythienylene vinylene and derivatives thereof.

  Examples of the electron-accepting compound contained in the photoelectric conversion layer include carbon materials, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, benzoquinone and its derivatives, naphthoquinone and its derivatives, anthraquinone And its derivatives, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane and its derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene and its derivatives, diphenoquinone derivatives, metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoline and its derivatives, polyquinoxaline and its derivatives, poly Examples include fluorene and its derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives such as 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (basocuproin), fullerenes, and fullerene derivatives. Titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, a fullerene derivative, particularly preferably a fullerene, a fullerene derivative.

  Examples of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives include fullerenes having 60, 70, 76, 78, and 84 carbon atoms and derivatives thereof. The fullerene derivative represents a compound in which at least a part of fullerene is modified.

  As a fullerene derivative, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (15), a compound represented by the following formula (16), a compound represented by the following formula (17), a compound represented by the following formula (18) Is mentioned.

In the formulas (15) to (18), R ^a is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic ring. Represents a group or a group having an ester structure. A plurality of R ^a may be the same or different. R ^b represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent. A plurality of R ^b may be the same or different. “C ₆₀ ” and “C ₇₀ ” represent fullerene rings having 60 and 70 carbon atoms, respectively.

The alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R ^a and R ^b and the aryl group which may have a substituent are the alkyl which may have a substituent represented by R. The same meaning as the aryl group which may have a group and a substituent is represented.

Examples of the monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group represented by ^Ra include a thienyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a furyl group, a pyridyl group, a quinolyl group, and an isoquinolyl group.

Examples of the group having an ester structure represented by R ^a include a group represented by the following formula (19).

In formula (19), u1 represents the integer of 1-6. u2 represents an integer of 0 to 6. R ^c represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group.

Definitions and specific examples of the alkyl group which may have a substituent represented by R ^c , the aryl group which may have a substituent and a monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group are represented by R ^a. The definitions and specific examples of the alkyl group, aryl group and monovalent aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent are as follows.

Specific examples of the C ₆₀ fullerene derivative include compounds represented by the following formulae.

Specific examples of the C ₇₀ fullerene derivative include compounds represented by the following formulae.

In addition, specific examples of the C ₈₄ fullerene derivative include [6,6] phenyl-C85 butyric acid methyl ester (C84PCBM, [6,6] -phenyl C85 butyric acid methyl ester).

  When the photoelectric conversion layer contains a fullerene derivative, the content of the fullerene derivative is selected from the group consisting of the structural unit represented by formula (I) and the structural unit represented by formula (II) from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency. The amount is preferably 10 parts by weight to 1000 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 parts by weight to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the organic semiconductor material including one or more structural units.

  From the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is preferably 1 nm to 100 μm, more preferably 2 nm to 1000 nm, further preferably 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm. .

(Hole transport layer)
From the viewpoint of increasing the hole transport efficiency from the photoelectric conversion layer to the anode and suppressing the peeling of the anode, the organic thin film solar cell of the present invention is provided with a hole transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the anode. Is preferred.

  The hole transport layer may contain a known hole transport material. Examples of the hole transporting material include conductive polymer compounds having the ability to improve the smoothness of the electrode and transport holes. Examples of the hole transporting material include polyaniline and derivatives thereof, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, polypyrrole and derivatives thereof, polyvinylcarbazole and derivatives thereof, polysilane and derivatives thereof, polyethylene dioxythiophene and derivatives thereof, polystyrene sulfonate and derivatives thereof. Derivatives, polymer compounds such as polymer compounds containing an aromatic amine residue as a structural unit, low molecular compounds such as aniline, thiophene, pyrrole, and aromatic amine compounds, and inorganic compounds such as CuSCN and CuI. Preferable hole transporting materials include, for example, polythiophene and derivatives thereof, aromatic amine compounds, polymer compounds containing aromatic amine residues as structural units, CuSCN, and CuI.

  The hole transport layer included in the organic thin film solar cell of the present embodiment has a light transmittance of 10% or more from a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm from the viewpoint of ensuring the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell. Preferably, it is 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more. From the viewpoint of the efficiency of hole transport from the photoelectric conversion layer to the anode, the thickness of the hole transport layer is preferably 0.1 nm to 300 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm.

  The spectral transmittance of the power generation unit (organic thin film solar cell) of the organic thin film solar cell module is measured with a spectrophotometer (for example, V670 manufactured by JASCO Corporation).

  The amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism is calculated by the number of photons transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module. Specifically, it is determined by calculating the number of photons of light when 1 sun, AM1.5G sunlight is transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module. As the solar spectrum of 1 sun, AM1.5G, it is preferable to use Global tilt of Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance ASTM G-173 (NREL). The product of “the number of photons calculated for each wavelength from the sunlight spectrum of 1 sun, AM1.5G” and “spectral transmittance” was defined as the number of photons for each wavelength of transmitted light (photon flux density).

  Specifically, the photon flux density of each light (red light (R), green light (G), blue light (B), near infrared light (NIR)) is defined as follows.

R: number of photons per unit area per unit time of red light (wavelength 600 nm to 700 nm) (photon flux density)
G: Number of photons per unit area (photon flux density) per unit time of green light (wavelength 500 nm to 600 nm)
B: Number of photons per unit area (photon flux density) per unit time of blue light (wavelength 400 nm to 500 nm)
NIR: number of photons per unit area (photon flux density) per unit time of near infrared light (wavelength 700 nm to 800 nm)

  “R + G + B / NIR” of light transmitted through the organic thin-film solar cell module, that is, “the sum of the photon flux density of red light, the photon flux density of green light, and the photon flux density of blue light with respect to the photon flux density of near-infrared light The ratio is usually 0.04 to 300, and preferably 2.8 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, from the viewpoint of securing the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell. More preferably, it is 3.2 or more, still more preferably 3.6 or more, particularly preferably 4.0 or more, and most preferably 4.7 or more.

  In order to adjust “R + G + B / NIR” as described above, an organic semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion layer may be appropriately selected on the condition that the gist of the present invention is not impaired.

  If “R + G + B / NIR” is as described above, light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm can be efficiently used for power generation, and phototrophic organisms can be bred more effectively than natural light using the transmitted light. The effect that can be obtained.

  “R + G / NIR” of light transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module, that is, “ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of red light and the photon flux density of green light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light” is usually 0. From the viewpoint of ensuring the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism and the amount of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell, it is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 2.3 or more, and even more preferably 2 0.5 or more, still more preferably 3.0 or more, particularly preferably 3.4 or more, and most preferably 3.8 or more.

  In order to adjust “R + G / NIR” as described above, an organic semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion layer may be appropriately selected on the condition that the gist of the present invention is not impaired.

  When “R + G / NIR” is as described above, light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm can be efficiently used for power generation, and phototrophic organisms can be bred more effectively than natural light using the transmitted light. The effect that can be obtained.

  “R / NIR” of light transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module, that is, “ratio of photon flux density of red light to photon flux density of near infrared light” is usually 0.02 to 100, and phototrophic organisms Is preferably 1.1 or more, more preferably 1.3 or more, still more preferably 1.4 or more, and still more preferably, from the viewpoint of securing the amount of light incident on the solar cell and the amount of photoelectric conversion by the solar cell. Is 1.6 or more, particularly preferably 1.8 or more.

  In order to adjust “R / NIR” as described above, an organic semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion layer may be appropriately selected on the condition that the gist of the present invention is not impaired.

  If “R / NIR” is as described above, light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm can be efficiently used for power generation, and phototrophic organisms can be bred more effectively than natural light using the transmitted light. The effect that can be obtained.

  “G / NIR” of light transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module, that is, “ratio of photon flux density of green light to photon flux density of near infrared light” is usually 0.01 to 95, preferably 1 0.0 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more, still more preferably 1.4 or more, still more preferably 1.6 or more, particularly preferably 1.8 or more, most preferably 2.0 or more.

  In order to adjust “G / NIR” as described above, an organic semiconductor material included in the photoelectric conversion layer may be appropriately selected on the condition that the gist of the present invention is not impaired.

  If “G / NIR” is as described above, light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm can be efficiently used for power generation, and phototrophic organisms can be bred more effectively than natural light using the transmitted light. The effect that can be obtained.

<2> Manufacturing Method of Organic Photoelectric Conversion Element A support substrate, a first electrode (cathode), an electron transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode (anode) are laminated in this order. The manufacturing method of an organic photoelectric conversion element is demonstrated.

(Process to prepare support substrate)
The support substrate is a flat substrate having two principal surfaces facing each other. You may prepare by obtaining from the market the support substrate which is formed with the material already demonstrated and has the property already demonstrated, and you may prepare by producing.

  In preparing the support substrate, a substrate in which a thin film of a conductive material that can be a material of the first electrode (cathode) such as ITO is provided in advance on one main surface of the support substrate may be prepared.

  When manufacturing a film-type solar cell, it can manufacture by a roll-to-roll system using a elongate flexible substrate as a support substrate.

  Specifically, for example, the step of forming an organic thin film is a film-like flexible substrate wound up on a winding roll, or a long structure in which a flexible electrode or the like is formed on the substrate. A body can be prepared and the flexible substrate or the long structure unwound from the unwinding roll can be wound around the winding roll.

(First electrode forming step)
The first electrode is formed by depositing a film on the support substrate by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, or the like using the material (conductive material) of the first electrode already described. be able to. In the case where a thin film of a conductive material is provided in advance on the support substrate, the first electrode can be formed by patterning the thin film of the conductive material into a desired pattern.

  When using an organic substance such as polyaniline and its derivative, polythiophene and its derivative as the material of the first electrode, it is applied using a coating liquid containing the organic substance, a metal ink, a metal paste, a molten low melting point metal or the like. The first electrode may be formed by a method.

  Examples of the solvent of the coating solution used when forming the cathode by a coating method include hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbesen, and tert-butylbenzene. Halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, etc. Examples include halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran, water, and alcohols. Specific examples of alcohol as a solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methoxybutanol. Moreover, the coating liquid used for this invention may contain 2 or more types of solvent, and may contain 2 or more types of solvent illustrated above.

  The first electrode may be subjected to a surface treatment such as ozone UV treatment, corona treatment, or ultrasonic treatment.

(Formation process of electron transport layer)
The electron transport layer is preferably formed by a coating method. The coating liquid used when forming the electron transport layer by a coating method includes a solvent and the electron transporting material already described. An electron carrying layer can be formed by apply | coating the said coating liquid on a 1st electrode (cathode), for example. As the coating method, spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, spray coating method, screen printing method, flexographic printing method, Examples of the coating method include an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method. Among these, it is preferable to use a spin coating method, a flexographic printing method, an inkjet printing method, or a dispenser printing method.

  The coating liquid also includes dispersion liquids such as emulsions (emulsions) and suspensions (suspensions). As the solvent contained in the coating solution, it is preferable to use a solvent that causes little damage to the layer to which the coating solution is applied. Specifically, it is preferable to use a solvent that hardly dissolves the layer to which the coating solution is applied.

  Examples of the solvent contained in the coating solution include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like. Specific examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methoxybutanol. Specific examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-heptanone, and cyclohexanone. Specific examples of the hydrocarbon include n-pentane, cyclohexane, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetralin, chlorobenzene, and orthodichlorobenzene. Moreover, the coating liquid used for this invention may contain 2 or more types of solvent, and may contain 2 or more types of solvent illustrated above. The amount of the solvent used is preferably 1 to 10,000 times by weight and more preferably 10 to 1000 times by weight with respect to the amount of the electron transporting material.

  The coating solution containing a solvent and the electron transporting material is preferably used after being filtered through a Teflon (registered trademark) filter having a pore size of 0.5 μm.

  When the photoelectric conversion layer is formed by a coating method, the electron transport layer is preferably made of a material having high wettability with respect to a coating solution used when the photoelectric conversion layer is formed by a coating method. Specifically, the electron transport layer preferably has higher wettability with respect to the coating solution than the wettability of the first electrode (cathode) with respect to the coating solution used when the photoelectric conversion layer is applied and formed.

  The wettability can be evaluated by the contact angle, and the contact angle of the coating solution used when coating and forming the photoelectric conversion layer on the electron transport layer is smaller than the contact angle of the coating solution on the first electrode (cathode). Is preferred. By forming the photoelectric conversion layer on such an electron transport layer, when forming the photoelectric conversion layer, the coating liquid is well spread on the surface of the electron transport layer, and the thickness is uniform. Can be formed.

(Photoelectric conversion layer forming step)
The formation method of a photoelectric converting layer is not specifically limited. From the viewpoint of simplification of the manufacturing process, it is preferably formed by a coating method. The photoelectric conversion layer can be formed by applying a coating solution containing any suitable solvent and the above-described organic semiconductor material onto the electron transport layer by a coating method and heating. From the viewpoint of environmental load, the solvent preferably does not contain a halogen solvent, more preferably contains a non-halogen aromatic hydrocarbon solvent from the viewpoint of solubility and coating solution stability, and two or more kinds from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency. The non-halogen aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is more preferably included. Specific examples of the non-halogen aromatic hydrocarbon solvent include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, pseudocumene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene. Tert-butylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, methylnaphthalene, anisole, 4-methylanisole, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, acetophenone, propiophenone, phenyl acetate, methyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, and benzyl benzoate. The heating conditions are preferably 40 to 200 ° C. for 1 minute to 60 minutes from the viewpoint of durability, and 3 to 30 minutes at a temperature of 40 to 150 ° C. from the viewpoint of photoelectric conversion efficiency. It is more preferable.

  In forming the photoelectric conversion layer, as a method of applying the coating liquid, spin coating method, casting method, micro gravure coating method, gravure coating method, bar coating method, roll coating method, wire bar coating method, dip coating method, Examples of the coating method include spray coating, screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, ink jet printing, dispenser printing, nozzle coating, and capillary coating. Of these, spin coating, flexographic printing, inkjet printing, and dispenser printing are preferred.

(Hole transport layer formation process)
The formation method of a positive hole transport layer is not specifically limited. From the viewpoint of simplification of the manufacturing process, it is preferably formed by a coating method. In the case of using the coating method, for example, it can be formed by coating a coating liquid containing the above-described material for the hole transport layer and a solvent on the photoelectric conversion layer.

  As a method of applying a coating liquid containing a material and a solvent for the hole transport layer, a spin coating method, a casting method, a micro gravure coating method, a gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a wire bar coating method, Examples of the coating method include a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method. Among these, spin coating, flexographic printing, ink jet printing, and dispenser printing are preferable.

  Examples of the solvent contained in the coating liquid for forming the hole transport layer include water, alcohol, ketone, and hydrocarbon. Specific examples of alcohol as a solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methoxybutanol. Specific examples of the ketone include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-heptanone, and cyclohexanone. Specific examples of the hydrocarbon include n-pentane, cyclohexane, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetralin, chlorobenzene, and orthodichlorobenzene. The solvent may contain 2 or more types, and may contain 2 or more types of the solvent illustrated above. The amount of the solvent used is preferably from 1 to 10,000 times by weight, and more preferably from 10 to 1000 times by weight, relative to the amount of the material for the hole transport layer.

  After the coating solution is applied by the coating method, it is preferable to remove the solvent by subjecting the coating film to heat treatment, air drying treatment, decompression treatment, or the like.

  The hole transport layer is preferably composed of a material having high wettability with respect to a coating solution used when the second electrode (anode) is formed by coating. Specifically, it is preferable that the hole transport layer has higher wettability with respect to the coating liquid than the wettability of the photoelectric conversion layer with respect to the coating liquid used when the second electrode (anode) is applied and formed. By forming the second electrode (anode) on such a hole transport layer, when forming the second electrode (anode), the coating liquid spreads well on the surface of the hole transport layer, A second electrode (anode) having a uniform thickness can be formed.

(Second electrode (anode) forming step)
The second electrode can be formed by, for example, a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a plating method, a coating method, or the like. Examples of coating methods include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, spray coating, screen printing, flexographic printing. Examples thereof include coating methods such as a method, an offset printing method, an ink jet printing method, a dispenser printing method, a nozzle coating method, and a capillary coating method. Among these, spin coating, flexographic printing, ink jet printing, and dispenser printing are preferable.

  The second electrode (anode) is, for example, an emulsion (emulsion), a suspension (suspension), or a metal containing conductive material nanoparticles, conductive material nanowires, or conductive material nanotubes as a coating liquid. It can be formed by a coating method using a dispersion such as a paste or a low melting point metal in a molten state. Examples of the conductive material used for the coating method include metals such as gold and silver, oxides such as ITO, and carbon nanotubes.

  Examples of the solvent of the coating solution used when forming the second electrode (anode) by a coating method include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin, decalin, bicyclohexyl, n-butylbenzene, sec-butylbesen, and tert-butylbenzene. Hydrocarbon solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobutane, bromobutane, chloropentane, bromopentane, chlorohexane, bromohexane, chlorocyclohexane, bromocyclohexane, and other halogenated saturated hydrocarbon solvents, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene And halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbon solvents such as trichlorobenzene, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran, water, alcohols and the like. Specific examples of alcohol as a solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methoxybutanol. Moreover, the coating liquid used for this invention may contain 2 or more types of solvent, and may contain 2 or more types of solvent illustrated above.

<3> Operation of Organic Thin Film Solar Cell Here, the operation (function) of the organic thin film solar cell will be briefly described. First, the energy of incident light that has passed through the electrode and entered the photoelectric conversion layer is absorbed by the electron-accepting compound and / or the electron-donating compound to generate excitons in which electrons and holes are combined. When the generated excitons move and reach the heterojunction interface where the electron-accepting compound and the electron-donating compound are bonded, the difference between the HOMO energy and the LUMO energy at the interface causes the electrons and holes to be separated. Charges (electrons and holes) are generated that can separate and move independently. The generated charges move to the electrodes (cathode and anode), respectively. The charges thus moved can be taken out as electric energy (current) to the outside of the organic photoelectric conversion element via the electrodes.

<4> Organic thin film solar cell module In this specification, a solar cell module is a plurality of solar cells electrically connected by wiring, and in addition to a support substrate, a filling material, a sealing material, and the support substrate already described. Means a structure that is sealed and packaged with a sealing substrate or the like made of the same material. The solar power generation system includes a solar cell module, a function of the solar cell module, and a device of a control system that controls generated electric power.

  That is, the organic thin film solar cell of this embodiment can be made into an organic thin film solar cell module by integrating a plurality. In the present embodiment, an organic thin-film solar cell module in which an organic thin-film solar cell is configured using a light-transmitting material such as glass as described above as a support substrate.

  The organic thin film solar cell module can basically have the same module structure as a conventional solar cell module.

  Specific examples of the module structure of the solar cell module include a module structure called a super straight type, a substrate type, and a potting type, and a substrate integrated module structure used in amorphous silicon solar cells.

  The organic thin film solar cell module using the organic photoelectric conversion element according to the present embodiment can also be appropriately selected from these module structures provided that the gist of the present invention is not impaired.

  In a typical super straight type or substrate type module structure, photoelectric conversion elements are arranged at regular intervals between support substrates that are transparent on one side or both sides and subjected to antireflection treatment, and adjacent photoelectric conversion elements are metal leads. Or it is connected by flexible wiring etc., the current collection electrode is arrange | positioned in the outer edge part, and it has the structure where the electric power which generate | occur | produced is taken out outside. Depending on the purpose, various types of plastic materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) can be used between the substrate and the photoelectric conversion element as an aspect of the film or filling resin in order to protect the photoelectric conversion element and improve the current collection efficiency. Also good.

  In addition, when used in places where it is not necessary to cover the surface with a hard material, such as where there is little impact from the outside, the protective function can be achieved by configuring the sealing substrate with a transparent plastic film or by curing the filling resin. It is possible to eliminate the sealing substrate. The periphery of the support substrate can be fixed in a sandwich shape with a metal frame to ensure internal sealing and module rigidity, and the support substrate and the frame can be hermetically sealed with a sealing material. .

  As described above, the organic thin-film solar cell module according to the present embodiment can include a sealing material such as a sealing substrate and a filler formed of the same material as the supporting substrate already described. From the viewpoint of securing the amount of light incident on the phototrophic organism, the sealing material preferably has a light transmittance of a wavelength of 400 nm to 1200 nm of 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and 50% or more. More preferably. The sealing substrate may include, for example, components and members for adjusting the wavelength of light incident on the growth space, the amount of light, the temperature of the growth space, and the like. Examples of such components and members include ultraviolet absorbers, ultraviolet reflectors, and ultraviolet shielding films (for example, BRAINTEC, INC) for adjusting the amount of incident ultraviolet rays that are generally considered harmful to phototrophic organisms. SUV400 Neutral 70), UV reflective film.

  In addition, if a flexible material is used for the solar cell itself, the support substrate, the filling material, and the sealing material, the solar cell itself is fixed so as to flexibly follow a curved surface such as a roof or a wall surface. It is also possible to configure a solar cell module that can

  In the case of a solar cell module using a flexible support such as a polymer film, a solar cell is sequentially formed while feeding a roll-shaped support, cut into a desired size, and then the periphery is made of a flexible and moisture-proof material. By sealing, a plate-shaped or film-shaped solar cell module that is flexible as a whole can be manufactured.

  If it is a plate-like or film-like flexible solar cell module, it can be directly used as a building material such as a roof or a side wall of a greenhouse.

  Further, a module structure called “SCAF” described in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 48, p383-391 may be used.

  As described above, the solar cell module according to the present embodiment may be fixed to any suitable region of a building material of a growth facility described later using a conventionally known arbitrary suitable member, or a flexible solar cell module. It may be used as the building material itself of the growing facility, or may be fixed in the hollow in the growing facility such as hanging installation. Moreover, you may install in arbitrary suitable area | regions of a breeding facility by the method which can be removed arbitrarily.

<5> Other components that can be included in the photovoltaic power generation system Other components that can be included in the photovoltaic power generation system of the present embodiment will be described.

  As already described, the solar power generation system of the present embodiment includes a control device that controls the function of the solar cell module and the generated power.

  In addition, the photovoltaic power generation system includes a storage facility or an energy storage facility for storing the power generated by the solar cell module, a lighting device for a growing space that is operated by the generated power, an observation device and an adjustment device for temperature, humidity, etc., and an irrigation facility Further, it may further include a ventilation system, a liquid feeding system, a nutrient solution circulation system, a stirring device such as a culture solution, a data transmission / reception device, and the like.

2. Breeding facility The present invention also relates to a breeding facility equipped with the already described solar power generation system.
The living body that can be grown in the growing facility may be any phototrophic organism as long as the gist of the present invention is not impaired, and is not particularly limited.

  The phototrophic organism according to the present embodiment is an organism having the ability of photosynthesis, and may be either a terrestrial organism or an aquatic organism, and is not particularly limited. Examples of phototrophic organisms include plants and algae.

  Examples of the breeding facility according to this embodiment include a plant factory, an agricultural and horticultural facility, a culture factory, and an open culture pond (open pond). As the growing facility for phototrophic organisms, an agricultural and horticultural facility and an open culture pond are preferable from the viewpoint of installation cost.

  Examples of agricultural and horticultural facilities that are installed on farmland include pipe houses (plastic houses) that can define a substantially sealed space, agricultural and horticultural houses such as glass houses, and a part of agricultural land. Examples include rain-proof, tunnel-like facilities that are covered and partially open to the outside environment.

  The method for growing the phototrophic organism in the growing facility of the present embodiment is not particularly limited. Examples of methods for growing phototrophic organisms include hydroponics and hydroponics that may use components other than water such as liquid fertilizer, cultivation with a photobioreactor (closed culture), pools, etc. Culture in an open culture tank (open pond).

  Examples of plants that can be grown in the breeding facility of the present embodiment include cucurbitaceae, solanaceae, legumes, roses, cruciferous, chrysanthemum, sericaceae, redwood, gramineous, mallow, Vegetables of Argiaceae, Perilla, Ginger, Water Lily, or Araceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Araceae, Nymphalidae, Brassicaceae, Cypridaceae, Gentianaceae, Ganodermaceae, Legumes, Buttons, Iridaceae , Eggplant family, antaceae family, taro family, orchid family, agave family, azalea family, redwood family, willow family, azalea family, oleander family, magnoliaceae family, primrose family family, genus genus family, cassava family, buttercup family, buttercup family, lobster family Family, cactiaceae, fern, araliaceae, mulberry family, camellia family, pineapple family, kuzukon family, euphorbiaceae, pepper family, takato Flowers of daisies, cypressaceae, red scallops, mallows, myrtaceae, camellia, or scallops or potted plants, or roses, vines, mulberry, oysters, azaleas, aceae, matabies Fruit trees of the family, Passifloridae, Citrusaceae, Ursiaceae, Pineappleceae, Prunusaceae.

  As examples of plants, specifically, cucumber, cabbage, sesame, onion, melon, pumpkin, bitter gourd, zucchini, watermelon, shirori, toucan, loofah, cinnamon, tomato, pepper, capsicum, eggplant, pepino, citrus, Peas, kidney beans, cowpeas, green beans, broad bean, winged bean, Sayaendo, green beans, wisteria bean, strawberry, corn, okra, broccoli, silk radish, watercress, Japanese mustard spinach, tsukena, lettuce, buffalo, garlic, edible ginger, celery, parsley, honey Fields such as leeks, spring onions, leeks, asparagus, spinach, lobsters, udo, perilla, ginger, radish, turnip, horseradish, radish, rutabaka, cob, garlic, rakkyo, lotus root, basil or taro , Sunflower, orchid, impatiens, marigold, salvia, limonium, delphinium, luxpar, blue lace, white lace, lily, primrose, aster, rhodense, thistle, dianthus, stock, hanaana, statice, turkey, snapdragon, Sweet pea, Hanashobu, Chrysanthemum, Liatris, Gerbera, Margaret, Miyakowasle, Shastar Daisy, Carnation, Stucon, Syringa, Gentian, Peonies, Lion, Dahlia, Color, Gladiolus, Iris, Freesia, Tulip, Daffodil, Amaryllis, Cymbidium, Dracaena, Rose, Bokeh, Sakura, Peach, Ume, Kodemari, Raspberry, Rowan, Dogwood, Sanche, Sandanka, Bourbadia, Willow, Azalea, forsythia, magnolia, cilanaria, dimorphoseca, primula, petunia, begonia, gentian, coleus, zeranium, pelargonium, roqueya, anthrum, clematis, lily of the valley, saintpaulia, cyclamen, ranunculus, gloxinia, dendrome, cattleya, fate Eviden Drum, Oncidium, Crispy Cactus, Crab Cactus, Peacock Cactus, Kalanchoe, Nephrolepis, Asian Tam, Taniwatari, Potos, Defenbakya, Spatifram, Shingo Nyumu, Oriura Ran, Siefrela, Hedera, Rubber Tree, Dracaena, Cordillane , Karateya, Croton, Peperomia, Poinsettia, Hydrangea, Fuchsia, Hibis Kas, Gardenia, Goryubai, Camellia, Bougainvillea, Buttons, etc., Japanese pear, Peach, Sweet cherry, Plum, Apple, Prune, Nectarine, Apricot, Raspberry, Ume, Grape, Fig, Oyster, Blueberry, Akebet, Kiwifruit, Passion fruit, loquat, Satsuma mandarin, marcolet, lemon, yuzu, Buddha mandarin, hassaku, buntan, flower yuzu, kumquat, seminole, iyokan, navel orange, encore, nova, hinata summer, lime, sudachi, kabosu, evening birch, Fruit trees such as tankan, mango, pineapple, or guava.

  Among these, more preferable examples include sunflower, cucumber, lettuce, cabbage, sesame, pepper, eggplant, komatsuna, honey bee, spinach, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, green beans, broccoli, strawberry, tangerine, Japanese pear, grape, chrysanthemum, Onion, tomato, basil, snapdragon, carnation, gypsophila, rose, stock, turkey, orchid, cyclamen, impatiens, marigold, salvia, limonium, delphinium, luxpar, blue lace, white lace, lily, freesia, iris , Primrose, begonia, garlic, buffalo, leek, leek, asparagus, celery, radish, peas, and loquat.

  More preferable examples of the plants include cucumber, eggplant, Japanese mustard spinach, spinach, strawberry, tomato, basil, and lisianthus from the viewpoint of cultivation time and sunlight intensity.

  Algae that can be applied to the present invention is not limited on the condition that the gist of the present invention is not impaired. Examples of algae that can be applied to the present invention include Gephyrocapsa, Haematococcus lacustris, Spirulina platisis, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunallella (un) ), Keatoceros calcitrans, Dinophysis acuminata, Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), Raphidophyceae, Botryocinostrochus, N. Dokorishisuchisu (Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea), and the like. Among these, hematococcus, chlorella, euglena, raffido algae, botryococcus, and pseudocollistis are preferable from the viewpoint of spectrum matching.

  The use of the phototrophic organism grown in the breeding facility of the present embodiment is not particularly limited. Examples of uses of phototrophic organisms include food or food, medicine, beauty, ornamentation, biofuel, fertilizer, and feed. In particular, phototrophic organisms grown for feed may be harvested and used outside the growing facility, or may be used inside the growing facility without harvesting.

  In the breeding facility of the present embodiment, for example, as a result of good growth of phototrophic organisms (plants, algae), it is preferably used as a feed for growing heterotrophic organisms (animals) in the breeding facility. From the standpoint of being able to do so, a facility for growing phototrophic organisms including heterotrophic organisms is included. The heterotrophic organism is an organism that uses an organic compound to obtain carbon necessary for growth, and examples thereof include animals and fungi. Specific examples of facilities for growing phototrophic organisms including heterotrophic organisms include agricultural and horticultural facilities including insects such as pollinators and biopesticides, farms or ranches including livestock and / or poultry, and fish Aquaponics or farms can be mentioned.

  By growing a positive or semi-infertile plant in the growth facility of this embodiment, in other words, reducing at least part of near-infrared light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, it is possible to effectively increase the length. Can be suppressed. A positive plant is a plant suitable for growing in a place exposed to direct sunlight for about 6 hours or more per day. Examples of the terrestrial plants include tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers and eustoma. A semi-invisible plant is a plant suitable for growth in a place exposed to direct sunlight for about 3 to 4 hours per day. Examples of semi-inferior plants include Japanese mustard spinach, spinach and strawberries.

  By growing phototrophic organisms in the growing facility of the present embodiment, in other words, by reducing at least a part of near-infrared light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, it is possible to increase crop yield.

  Furthermore, by growing plants in the growing facility of the present embodiment, in other words, reducing at least part of near-infrared light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, it is possible to improve the quality of the crop. Examples of crop quality include color, hardness (texture), and taste. An example of quality related to the taste of crops is residual nitrate ion concentration. It is possible to reduce the residual nitrate ion concentration of crops grown by hydroponics or hydroponics in the growing facility of this embodiment. In particular, leaf vegetables such as Japanese mustard spinach and spinach can effectively suppress the residual nitrate ion concentration in the edible part. As a result, the roots are damaged by nitrate ions, cannot absorb water well, and pathogens are more likely to enter from the damaged area and pests are more likely to be attached. For example, the number of spraying of agricultural chemicals can be reduced. In some cases, the nitrate ion concentration that can cause methemoglobinemia and carcinogenicity can be reduced. In addition, as a result, miscellaneous tastes such as “bitter taste” and “eggu taste” can be reduced, so that high added value of the crop can be achieved.

3. Breeding method The growing method for growing the phototrophic organism of the present embodiment is a growing method for growing the phototrophic organism using the solar power generation system described above, and has a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm that has passed through the solar cell module. The step of nurturing phototrophic organisms in the cultivating space using light and the electric power generated by the solar cell module is included.

  Specifically, the light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm transmitted through the solar cell module is irradiated to the phototrophic organism in the growth space and directly used for the growth of the phototrophic organism. In addition, light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm incident on the solar cell module is used particularly for power generation. Here, a part of the light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm is also used for power generation on condition that the object of the present invention is not impaired.

  The electric power generated by the solar cell module is, for example, lighting equipment in a growing space, observation equipment that observes temperature, humidity, etc., and adjusting equipment that adjusts the growing environment such as temperature, humidity, irrigation equipment, ventilation system, liquid feeding system, It can also be used as a power source for a nutrient solution circulation system, an agitator for a culture solution, a data transmission / reception device, or can be transmitted to a facility other than the breeding facility of the present embodiment. From the viewpoint of energy efficiency, the generated electric power is preferably used as a power source for the apparatus for the photovoltaic power generation system installed in or near the breeding facility of the present embodiment.

  Part or all of the generated electric power can be stored in a power storage facility or an energy storage facility and used at any suitable time. Examples of energy storage include chemical energy using hydrogen storage or the like, heat storage material or latent heat storage material, underground heat, thermal energy using a water heat storage tank, etc., potential energy using pumping water or the like. Among these, a power storage facility and a heat storage facility are preferable from the viewpoint of installation cost. Moreover, when it accumulate | stores as thermal energy with a thermal storage facility, you may use as electric power and may use it as a heat source. From the viewpoint of energy efficiency, when stored as thermal energy, it is preferably used as a heat source.

  Examples are given below to illustrate the present invention in more detail. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

Synthesis example 1
(Synthesis of polymer compound A)

  In a 300 mL flask in which the gas in the flask was replaced with argon gas, 800 mg (0.760 mmol) of compound 3, 840 mg (0.757 mmol) of compound 2, 471 mg (1.43 mmol) of compound 4, and 107 mL of toluene were uniformly added. Solution.

  After bubbling the obtained toluene solution with argon gas for 30 minutes, 19.6 mg (0.0214 mmol) of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium and 39.1 mg of tris (2-toluyl) phosphine were added to the toluene solution. 0.128 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 6 hours.

  Next, 660 mg of phenyl bromide was added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was further stirred for 5 hours. Thereafter, the flask was cooled to 25 ° C., and the reaction solution was poured into 2000 mL of methanol.

  The precipitated polymer was collected by filtration, and the obtained polymer was put into a cylindrical filter paper and extracted with methanol, acetone and hexane for 5 hours using a Soxhlet extractor.

  The polymer remaining in the cylindrical filter paper was dissolved in 53 mL of o-dichlorobenzene, 1.21 g of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 12 mL of water were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 8 hours.

  After removing the aqueous layer, the organic layer was washed twice with 200 mL of water, then twice with 200 mL of a 3% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution, and further washed twice with 200 mL of water, and the resulting solution was poured into methanol. To precipitate the polymer. The polymer obtained by filtration and drying was dissolved again in 62 mL of o-dichlorobenzene and passed through an alumina / silica gel column.

  The obtained solution was poured into methanol to precipitate a polymer, and filtered and dried to obtain 802 mg of a purified polymer as a polymer compound A.

Example 1
(Preparation of ink 1)
A mixed solvent 1 was prepared by mixing 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and propiophenone at a weight ratio of 95: 5. Ink 1 was obtained by dissolving polymer compound A and C ₆₀ PCBM (phenyl C ₆₁ -butyric acid methyl ester) (frontier carbon, E100) in mixed solvent 1. The ratio of the weight of C ₆₀ PCBM to the weight of polymer compound A was 2.5. In ink 1, the total weight of polymer compound A and C ₆₀ PCBM was 3.5% by weight with respect to the weight of ink 1.

(Preparation of organic thin film solar cell module 1)
An ITO thin film pattern functioning as a cathode of the organic photoelectric conversion element was formed on a 20 cm square glass substrate. Specifically, a glass substrate on which 25 rectangular ITO thin film patterns having a length of 180 mm and a width of 7 mm were arranged at intervals of 0.1 mm was prepared.

  The thickness of the ITO thin film was 150 nm. This glass substrate was treated with ozone UV to treat the surface of the ITO thin film. Next, a 1000-fold diluted PEIE aqueous solution (Aldrich, Polyethyleneimine, 80% ethylated) was applied onto a glass substrate provided with an ITO thin film pattern by spin coating, and heated in air at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes. As a result, an electron transport layer was formed.

  On the formed electron transport layer, the ink 1 was apply | coated using the capillary coat apparatus (made by Hirano Tech Seed), and the photoelectric converting layer was formed by heating in 150 degreeC oven for 5 minutes. The thickness of the formed photoelectric conversion layer was 180 nm.

  On the formed photoelectric conversion layer, a hole transport material (Plexcore OC AQ-1300, manufactured by Solvay Co., Ltd.) is applied using a capillary coat apparatus, and heated in an oven at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to thereby form a hole transport layer. Formed. The thickness of the formed hole transport layer was 50 nm.

  Then, by mechanical patterning, a groove portion that is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ITO thin film pattern and that divides the hole transport layer, the photoelectric conversion layer, and the electron transport layer is formed on the ITO pattern. The surface of the ITO thin film was exposed from the groove.

  A wire-like conductor (silver nanowire) dispersion (Cambrios Technologies Corporation, ClearOhmInk-N) was applied onto a glass substrate on which grooves were formed, using a capillary coater, and was applied in an oven at 120 ° C. By heating for a minute, an anode made of a conductive wire layer having a thickness of 90 nm was obtained.

  Thereafter, the hole transport layer, the photoelectric conversion layer, the electron transport layer, and the anode were separated by a mechanical patterning method in parallel with the ITO thin film pattern to obtain 25 series module patterns.

  After that, a UV curable sealant (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corp., XNR-5516Z) is applied to the periphery of the module pattern, a glass substrate as a sealing substrate is bonded, and then sealed by irradiating with UV light. The organic thin film solar cell module 1 was obtained.

The spectral transmittance of the organic thin-film solar cell module 1 was measured with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, V670), and the result of calculating the number of photons of light transmitted through 1 sun, AM1.5G sunlight is shown in FIG. Table 1 shows. FIG. 1 is a graph showing measurement results of spectral transmittance.
The solar spectrum of 1sun, AM1.5G uses the Global tilt of Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance ASTM G-173 (NREL), and the product of “the number of photons calculated for each wavelength from the solar spectrum” and “spectral transmittance”. The number of transmitted photons (photon flux density) was used.

  As is clear from FIG. 1, in the organic thin film solar cell module 1, light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm was transmitted and light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm could be absorbed by the power generation unit. The spectral transmittance of the organic thin film solar cell module 1 exceeds 15% in the entire wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm, particularly exceeds 40% in the wavelength range of 500 nm to 600 nm, and reaches a maximum value of 48% in the wavelength range of 565 nm. Had reached. The spectral transmittance of the organic thin-film solar cell module 1 is 30% or less over the entire wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm, particularly 20% or less at a wavelength of 785 nm to 800 nm, and 16% which is the minimum value at a wavelength of 800 nm. It was.

(Characteristics of organic thin film solar cell module 1)
The electrical characteristics (external quantum efficiency) concerning the operation of the organic thin film solar cell constituting the produced organic thin film solar cell module 1 were evaluated. The external quantum efficiency was measured using a spectral sensitivity measuring apparatus (manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd., CEP-2000). The results are shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency of the organic thin film solar cell constituting the organic thin film solar cell module.

  As apparent from FIG. 2, the organic thin film solar cell of the organic thin film solar cell module 1 was able to generate power using light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm absorbed by the power generation unit. The external quantum efficiency of the organic thin film solar cell of the organic thin film solar cell module 1 exceeded 40% in the entire wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm, and particularly reached 50% at the wavelength of 790 nm to 800 nm.

(Preparation of solar cell cover 1)
The organic thin film solar cell module 1 is placed so that the center of each surface of a 3 mm thick 25 cm square pentahedral acrylic box (CREW'S, AB-250) and the center of the organic thin film solar cell module 1 overlap each other. It stuck using the aluminum tape. Note that the margin of the aluminum tape was 1.5 cm from the outline of the module. Next, the gap was covered with aluminum tape to obtain a solar cell cover 1.

(Komatsuna cultivation)
The leaf culture medium (Kyowa Co., Ltd., home hyponica 303/501, 601 + leaf vegetable panel) is deflated and sufficiently immersed in water, and then seeds of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. Manufactured, ATU410) was inserted one by one into the central cut of leafy medium. The lower 1 cm of the leafy vegetables medium was soaked in water and allowed to germinate at room temperature under indoor light.

  The liquid fertilizer attached to the hydroponic cultivation kit was poured into a container of a hydroponic cultivation kit (Kyowa Co., Ltd., Kochi Vegetable Garden), and Komatsuna buds were transplanted together with the leaf vegetable medium at the four corners of the cultivation tank. After the hydroponic cultivation kit transplanted with komatsuna was installed outdoors, the liquid fertilizer was circulated between the container and the cultivation tank by always driving the liquid feeding pump. The solar cell cover 1 was covered so as to cover the hydroponics kit, and the bottom of the solar cell cover 1 was fixed so as to have a height of 10 cm from the ground part.

  Komatsuna was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 8, the same year using the cultivation tank and hydroponics kit already described.

(Measurement)
(1) Petioles, leaf blades and number of leaves The leaf handle length, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number of cultivated Japanese mustard spinach were measured. Here, the petiole length is the length from the base to the base of the leaf, the leaf length is the length from the base of the leaf to the leaf tip, and the leaf width is the length of the widest position of the leaf blade The maximum leaf for each was measured. The length ratio was calculated as a measure of normality of growth. The ratio of petiole length to leaf height was taken as the length ratio. The number of leaves was measured by taking the number of leaves of 2.5 cm or more as the number of leaves.

(2) Nitrate ion concentration (residual nitrate ion concentration)
The residual nitrate ion concentration of the cultivated Komatsuna leaves was measured. Cut the leaves of the cultivated Komatsuna to a suitable size (about 2cm x 2cm), and use the juice obtained by processing with a juicer (Y049, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) as a sample, residual nitrate ion concentration Was measured using a nitrate ion meter (Horiba Seisakusho, LAQUATwin B-741 crop body).

  The spectral transmittance of transmitted light is shown in FIG. 1, the number of photons of transmitted light is shown in Table 1, the external quantum efficiency is shown in FIG. 2, and the measured leaf pattern length, leaf length, leaf width, and length ratio of Komatsuna are shown. 2, the number of leaves is shown in Table 3, and the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves is shown in Table 4.

Comparative Example 1
(Preparation of ink 2)
A mixed solvent 2 was prepared with a weight ratio of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene of 7: 3. Polymer 2 P3HT (poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), Merck, Lisicon) and C ₆₀ PCBM were dissolved in mixed solvent 2 to prepare ink 2. The ratio of the weight of C ₆₀ PCBM to the weight of polymer compound P3HT was 0.8. In Ink 2, the total weight of the polymer compound P3HT and C ₆₀ PCBM was 2.5% by weight with respect to the weight of Ink 2.

(Preparation of organic thin film solar cell module 2)
In the manufacturing process of the organic thin film solar cell module 1 according to Example 1, the organic thin film solar cell module 1 was used in the same manner as the organic thin film solar cell module 1 except that the ink 2 was used instead of the ink 1 and the thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer was 100 nm. A thin film solar cell module 2 was obtained.

  The spectral transmittance of the organic thin film solar cell module 2 was measured with a spectrophotometer. The number of photons of the transmitted light was calculated in the same manner as in the organic thin film solar cell module 1. Table 1 shows the result of calculating the number of photons of transmitted light.

(Characteristics of organic thin film solar cell module 2)
The electrical characteristics (external quantum efficiency) concerning the operation of the organic thin film solar cell constituting the produced organic thin film solar cell module 2 were evaluated. The external quantum efficiency was measured in the same manner as the organic thin film solar cell module 1 according to Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in FIG.

  As apparent from FIGS. 1 and 2, in the organic thin film solar cell module 2, the light transmittance of the power generation unit at a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm is 60% or more, and particularly efficient in the entire region of the wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. Power generation was not allowed.

(Preparation of solar cell cover 2)
In the manufacturing process of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 1, a solar cell cover 2 was obtained in the same manner as the solar cell cover 1 except that the organic thin film solar cell module 2 was used instead of the organic thin film solar cell module 1. .

(Komatsuna cultivation)
Komatsuna was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 8, the same year as in Example 1, except that the solar cell cover 2 was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 1.

(Measurement)
The spectral transmittance of the transmitted light measured in the same manner as in Example 1 is shown in FIG. 1, the number of photons of the transmitted light is shown in Table 1, the external quantum efficiency is shown in FIG. The leaf width and length ratio are shown in Table 2, the number of leaves is shown in Table 3, and the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves is shown in Table 4.

  As is clear from FIG. 1, the spectral transmittance of the organic thin film solar cell module 2 exceeded 60% in the entire wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm.

  As is clear from FIG. 2, the external quantum efficiency of the organic thin film solar cell of the organic thin film solar cell module 2 was less than 1% over the entire wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm.

Comparative Example 2
(Production of reference cover)
Using the acrylic box described in Example 1, in the same manner as the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 1, the aluminum tape is applied so as to have the same position and the same area as the aluminum tape applied in Example 1. A reference cover was obtained.

  As the value corresponding to the number of photons of the transmitted light of the organic thin-film solar cell module 1 according to Example 1, the number of photons in the sunlight spectrum of 1 sun, AM1.5G was used as the number of photons of the transmitted light in Comparative Example 2.

(Komatsuna cultivation)
Komatsuna was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 8, the same year as Example 1 except that the reference cover was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 in Example 1.

(Measurement)
Table 1 shows the number of photons in the sunlight spectrum corresponding to the transmitted light measured in Example 1, and Table 2 shows the leaf pattern length, leaf length, leaf width, and length ratio measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 3 shows the number of leaves, and Table 4 shows the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves.

Example 2
(Cultivation of basil)
Pour 450 mL of water into the compressed culture soil in a container of a soil culture kit (Sakata Seed Company, FamilyMart, Sumitomo Chemical Gardening Co., Ltd., Raised Salad / Basil) Thus, a soil culture medium was obtained. Basil (Ocium basilicum) seeds attached to the soil culture kit were sprinkled on the obtained medium at five locations. After covering the seeds with a thin culture soil, the cultivation kit was installed outdoors and germinated at room temperature.

  The solar cell cover 1 was covered so as to cover the soil cultivation kit, and the bottom of the solar cell cover 1 was fixed so as to have a height of 10 cm from the ground part.

  Basil was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 27, 2016 using the soil cultivation kit already described. At the time when the true leaves were ready, only 1 strain was thinned out at 5 locations that were sown and 5 strains were cultivated.

(Measurement)
(1) Number of leaves The number of cultivated basil leaves was measured. The number of leaves was measured using the number of leaves with a leaf length of 2.5 cm or more as the number of leaves.

(2) Observation of leaf blades The leaf blades of cultivated basil were observed. For the observation of leaf blades, the shape, the distribution and shade of green coloring on the surface by visual observation, and the softness of the leaf blades by finger touch were evaluated.

  The number of leaves is shown in Table 5, the shape of the leaf blades and the distribution and shade of the coloring on the surface are shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the shape of leaf blades and the distribution and shade of coloring on the surface.

Comparative Example 3
(Cultivation of basil)
Basil was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 27, the same manner as in Example 2 except that the solar cell cover 2 was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 2.

(Measurement)
The number of leaves measured in the same manner as in Example 2 is shown in Table 5, and the shape and surface coloring of the leaf blades observed in the same manner as in Example 2 are shown in FIGS. Is shown in Table 7.

Comparative Example 4
(Cultivation of basil)
Basil was cultivated from August 25, 2016 to September 27, 2016, in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a reference cover was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 2.

(Measurement)
The number of leaves measured in the same manner as in Example 2 is shown in Table 5, and the shape and surface coloring of the leaf blades observed in the same manner as in Example 2 are shown in FIGS. Is shown in Table 7.

Example 3
(Culture of Chlorella vulgaris)
Concentrated culture solution using -C1, the concentrated culture solution source -C2, and the concentrated culture solution source -C3 attached to the fresh water chlorella culture set (Dekosha Co., Ltd., fresh water chlorella culture set) -C1, concentrated culture solution-C2, and concentrated culture solution-C3 were prepared. 20 mL each of concentrated culture solution-C1, concentrated culture solution-C2, and concentrated culture solution-C3 was added to 2 L of water stored for 2 days, and stirred until uniform. Fresh water chlorella was added to the obtained culture broth and stirred until it became uniform to obtain a fresh water chlorella sample. Pour 500 mL of the obtained freshwater chlorella sample into a water tank (manufactured by Mizusakusha, Showbeta Collection Case S), and install an air stone (manufactured by Jex, goldfish breeding air pump set) connected to an air pump in the water tank. A culture tank was used.

  A freshwater chlorella culture tank is installed at the window facing south, and the solar cell cover 1 is covered so as to cover the freshwater chlorella culture tank while feeding air from the air pump, and the bottom of the solar cell cover 1 has a height of 1 cm from the ground. It was fixed to become.

  Using the fresh water chlorella culture tank described above, fresh water chlorella was cultured from December 9, 2016 to December 19, the same year.

(Measurement)
The optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 684 nm of the cultured fresh water chlorella sample was measured with a spectrophotometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, V670). The optical density (OD) is shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 684 nm derived from chlorophyll absorption of a cultured freshwater chlorella sample.

Comparative Example 5
(Chlorella culture)
Fresh water chlorella was cultured from December 9, 2016 to December 19, 2016 in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the solar cell cover 2 was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 3.

(Measurement)
The optical density (OD) measured in the same manner as in Example 3 is shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 6
(Chlorella culture)
Fresh water chlorella was cultured from December 9, 2016 to December 19, 2016 in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a reference cover was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 3.

(Measurement)
The optical density (OD) measured in the same manner as in Example 3 is shown in FIG.

Evaluation As apparent from Tables 2, 3 and 4, in Example 1, the length ratio is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 2 using natural light, and even when cultivated using transmitted light that passes through the organic thin-film solar cell module 1, Similar to the natural light of Comparative Example 2, it was found that the seedlings grew normally. Further, while the number of leaves was the same as in Comparative Example 2, the leaf length and the leaf width increased to 1.4 times and 1.2 times of Comparative Example 2, respectively, and the yield during the same cultivation period increased. Furthermore, in Example 1, the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaf portion was reduced as compared with Comparative Example 2.

  On the other hand, when the organic thin film solar cell module 2 of Comparative Example 1 is used, the length ratio increases 2.2 times that of Comparative Example 2 using natural light, and the seedling grows abnormally. It was. Moreover, although the leaf length and leaf width increased, the number of leaves decreased. The residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves was the same as in Comparative Example 2, and no reduction in the residual nitrate ion concentration was observed.

  As is clear from Table 5, the number of leaves in Example 2 is greater than that in Comparative Example 4 using natural light, and the same cultivation period is obtained by cultivating using transmitted light that passes through the organic thin-film solar cell module 1. The amount of harvest increased. As shown in FIG. 3, in Example 2, the shape of the leaf blade is more uniform than that of Comparative Example 4, and as is clear from Table 6, the coloration of the leaf blade is uniform throughout. And it became darker. Furthermore, as apparent from Table 7, in Example 2, the leaf blades were softer than in Comparative Example 4, and the texture was improved.

  On the other hand, when the organic thin film solar cell module 2 of Comparative Example 3 was used, no increase in the number of leaves was observed. Further, the shape of the leaf blades of Comparative Example 3 was not as uniform as that of Comparative Example 4, and the leaf blades were not colored. Furthermore, the leaf blade of Comparative Example 3 was harder than Comparative Example 4 and the texture was reduced.

  As is apparent from FIG. 4 and Table 8, in Example 3, the optical density (OD) at the end of the culture at a wavelength of 684 nm derived from the light absorption of chlorophyll in the freshwater chlorella sample is 1.64, and a comparative example using natural light Compared with 0.71 which is the optical density (OD) at the end of the culture of 6, it is increased by about 2.3 times. By culturing using the transmitted light transmitted through the organic thin film solar cell module 1 A much larger amount of chlorella was able to be cultured about 2.3 times in the same culture days.

  On the other hand, when the organic thin film solar cell module 2 of Comparative Example 5 is used, the optical density (OD) at a wavelength of 684 nm is 0.86, compared with 0.71 of Comparative Example 6 using natural light. It was about 1.2 times, and no significant increase was observed.

Example 4
(Preparation of organic thin film solar cell module 3)
In the manufacturing process of the organic thin-film solar cell module 1 according to Example 1, an ultraviolet shielding film (BRAINTEC, INC., SUV400 neutral 70) was attached to the surface of the glass substrate (the surface exposed to the external environment). An organic thin film solar cell module 3 was obtained in the same manner as the organic thin film solar cell module 1 except that the sealing substrate was used.

  The spectral transmittance of the organic thin film solar cell module 3 was measured with a spectrophotometer. The number of photons of the transmitted light was calculated in the same manner as in the organic thin film solar cell module 1. The measurement result of the spectral transmittance concerning the organic thin film solar cell module 3 is shown in FIG. Table 9 shows the result of calculating the number of transmitted photons.

(Characteristics of organic thin film solar cell module 3)
The electrical characteristics (external quantum efficiency) concerning the operation of the organic thin film solar cell constituting the produced organic thin film solar cell module 3 were evaluated. The external quantum efficiency was measured in the same manner as the organic thin film solar cell module 1 according to Example 1. The evaluation result of the external quantum efficiency of the organic thin film solar cell concerning the organic thin film solar cell module 3 is shown in FIG.

  As is clear from FIG. 6, the organic thin film solar cell of the organic thin film solar cell module 3 was able to generate power using light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm absorbed by the power generation unit. The external quantum efficiency of the organic thin-film solar cell of the organic thin-film solar cell module 3 reached almost 40% in the entire wavelength range of 700 nm to 800 nm, and particularly approached 50% at a wavelength of 800 nm.

(Preparation of solar cell cover 3)
In the manufacturing process of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 1, a solar cell cover 3 was obtained in the same manner as the solar cell cover 1 except that the organic thin film solar cell module 3 was used instead of the organic thin film solar cell module 1. .

(Komatsuna cultivation)
A seed of Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. Perviridis) (manufactured by Atariya Koen Co., Ltd., Hayadori Komatsuna) was inserted one by one into the central cut of the leaf vegetable medium. The lower 1 cm of the leafy vegetables medium was soaked in water and allowed to germinate at room temperature under indoor light.

  Liquid fertilizer (Kyowa Co., Ltd., Hyponica liquid fertilizer) was poured into the container of the hydroponics kit (Living Farm Co., Ltd., Hydroponics Growing Cocovege Kit), and the shoots of Komatsuna were transplanted together with the leaf vegetable medium using the growing pot. . After the hydroponic cultivation kit transplanted with komatsuna was installed outdoors, the solar cell cover 3 was placed on the upper surface of the hydroponic cultivation kit so as to cover the upper part of the growing pot.

  Komatsuna was cultivated from February 17, 2018 to March 11, the same year using the hydroponics kit and the growing pot already described.

(Measurement)
Table 10 shows the leaf length, leaf length, leaf width and length ratio of Komatsuna measured in the same manner as in Example 1, Table 11 shows the number of leaves, and Table 12 shows the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves.

Comparative Example 7
(Komatsuna cultivation)
Komatsuna was cultivated from February 17, 2018 to March 11, the same year as in Example 4 except that a reference cover was used instead of the solar cell cover 3 in Example 4.

(Measurement)
Table 10 shows the leaf length, leaf length, leaf width and length ratio of Komatsuna measured in the same manner as in Example 1, Table 11 shows the number of leaves, and Table 12 shows the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaves.

Example 5
(Chlorella culture)
Fresh water chlorella was cultured from February 22, 2018 to March 1, the same year as in Example 3, except that the solar cell cover 3 was used instead of the solar cell cover 1 according to Example 3.

(Measurement)
The optical density (OD) measured in the same manner as in Example 3 is shown in FIG.

Comparative Example 8
(Chlorella culture)
In the same manner as in Comparative Example 6, fresh water chlorella was cultured from February 22, 2018 to March 1, the same year.

(Measurement)
The optical density (OD) measured in the same manner as in Example 3 is shown in FIG.

Evaluation As apparent from Table 10, in Example 4, the length ratio is equivalent to that of Comparative Example 7 using natural light, and even if cultivated using transmitted light that passes through the organic thin-film solar cell module 3, it is a Comparative Example. Similar to natural light of No. 7, it was found that the seedlings grew normally. Moreover, as is clear from Table 11, the leaf length and the leaf width increased to 1.2 times and 1.1 times of Comparative Example 7, respectively, while the number of leaves was the same as in Comparative Example 7, and in the same cultivation period Yield increased. Further, as apparent from Table 12, in Example 4, the residual nitrate ion concentration in the leaf portion was reduced as compared with Comparative Example 7. .

  As is apparent from FIG. 7 and Table 13, in Example 5, the optical density (OD) at the end of the culture at a wavelength of 684 nm derived from the light absorption of chlorophyll in the freshwater chlorella sample is 0.381, and a comparative example using natural light In comparison with 0.087, which is the optical density (OD) at the end of the cultivation of No. 8, it is increased by about 4.4 times. By culturing using the transmitted light that passes through the organic thin film solar cell module 3, A much larger amount of chlorella could be cultured approximately 4.4 times in the same culture days.

Claims (14)

  A power generation unit that is installed so as to cover at least a part of a growing space for growing phototrophic organisms, transmits at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm, and generates power using light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. A solar power generation system including a solar cell module provided.   The solar power generation system of Claim 1 whose external quantum efficiency in wavelength 700nm -800nm of the said solar cell module is 10% or more.   The solar power generation system of Claim 1 whose external quantum efficiency in wavelength 700nm -800nm of the said solar cell module is 20% or more.   The solar power generation system of Claim 1 whose external quantum efficiency in wavelength 700nm-800nm of the said solar cell module is 30% or more.   The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of red light, the photon flux density of green light, and the photon flux density of blue light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 2.8 or more. The solar power generation system of any one of Claims 1-4.   The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of red light and the photon flux density of green light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 2.0 or more. The solar power generation system of any one of Claims.   The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of the photon flux density of the red light to the photon flux density of the near infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 1.1 or more. The photovoltaic power generation system according to item.   The ratio of the sum of the photon flux density of the photon flux density of green light to the photon flux density of near-infrared light in the light transmitted through the solar cell module is 1.0 or more. The photovoltaic power generation system according to item. The power generation unit
A substrate capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A first electrode capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A second electrode capable of transmitting at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm;
A photoelectric device provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, which transmits at least part of light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm and generates charges using at least part of light having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm. The solar power generation system of any one of Claims 1-8 containing a conversion layer.   The solar power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the solar cell module is an organic solar cell module or an organic-inorganic hybrid solar cell module.   The solar power generation system of any one of Claims 1-10 whose said solar cell module is an organic thin film solar cell module. The photoelectric conversion layer contains a polymer compound containing one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by the following formula (I) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (II): Item 12. The solar power generation system according to Item 11.
[In formula (I), Z represents a group represented by the following formula (Z-1) to formula (Z-8). Ar ¹ and Ar ² represent a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent or a trivalent aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. Ar ¹ and Ar ² may be the same or different. ]
[In the formulas (Z-1) to (Z-8), R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent. An alkoxy group which may have a group, an aryloxy group which may have a substituent, an alkylthio group which may have a substituent, an arylthio group which may have a substituent, a substituent A monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituted amino group, an acyl group, an imine residue, a substituted amide group, an acid imide group, a substituted carboxyl group, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, a substituted group An alkynyl group, a cyano group or a nitro group which may have a group is represented. In the formulas (Z-1), (Z-2), (Z-4), (Z-5), (Z-6), (Z-7) and (Z-8), a plurality of Rs are They may be the same or different. ]
[In the formula (II), Ar ³ represents a divalent condensed polycyclic arylene group or a condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group in which 2 to 5 aromatic carbocyclic rings and aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed. n represents an integer of 1 to 6. R represents the same meaning as described above. When there are a plurality of R, they may be the same or different. ]   A growing facility for phototrophic organisms comprising the solar power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12. A method for growing a phototrophic organism, wherein the phototrophic organism is grown using the solar power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
Growing phototrophic organisms, including the step of growing the phototrophic organisms in the growth space using light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm transmitted through the solar cell module and power generated by the solar cell module Method.