JP2018153936A - Set of three-dimensional model and fluid, and storage method of three-dimensional model - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a set of a three-dimensional model and a storage member which include the three-dimensional model having excellent adhesion capable of closely adhering to a body surface portion of a patient without gaps and a fluid having an excellent shape-maintaining property of the three-dimensional model capable of stably maintaining a molded shape.SOLUTION: A set of a three-dimensional model 11 and a fluid 12 consist of the three-dimensional model 11 and the fluid 12 covering at least a part of the three-dimensional model 11. A specific gravity of the fluid 12 is 0.75 to 1.25 times the three-dimensional model 11. It is preferable that a polymer is further provided between the three-dimensional model 11 and the fluid 12. It is preferable that the three-dimensional model 11 floats on the fluid 12, and a hardness of the three-dimensional model 11 is 60 or less. It is more preferable that a water vapor permeability of the polymer is 1,000 [g/(mday)] or less. A method for storing the three-dimensional model 11 is to cover at least a part of the three-dimensional model 11 with the fluid 12.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a set of a three-dimensional structure and a fluid, and a storage method for the three-dimensional structure.

  It is widely performed to irradiate a human body with radiation such as X-rays, γ-rays, electron beams, neutron rays, α-rays, and laser beams and treat them for diseases such as cancer. In general, when a substance is irradiated with radiation, the amount of radiation decreases exponentially as it goes deeper in the human body, but scattered radiation increases relatively in the deeper part, and its direction varies.

Particularly, in the case of high active energy rays, the recoil electrons (scattered rays) are mainly in the forward direction, so that the scattering to the side is reduced, and the dose at a certain depth is greater than the surface dose. When treatment is performed without taking into consideration the nature of such radiation in the skin, harmful effects due to unnecessary radiation irradiation may be exerted on normal tissues other than the target (affected part).
In order to prevent this, bolus (Bolus) is a substance that absorbs highly active energy rays equivalent to or similar to human tissue, and fills irregular surfaces such as the human body flat or missing. A method of irradiating only a target with a high active energy ray is performed.
Here, the substance equivalent to the human tissue means a substance that exhibits substantially the same properties as the human tissue with respect to absorption or scattering of radiation.

  In general, a bolus worthy of practical use is (1) a substance equivalent to a human tissue, (2) it is homogeneous, (3) it is excellent in plasticity, has an appropriate elasticity, and has a shape to a living body. Good compatibility and adhesion, (4) No toxicity, (5) No energy change, (6) Uniform thickness, (7) No air mixing, (8) It is desired to satisfy characteristics and functions such as high transparency and (9) easy disinfection.

  In particular, the above (3) “excellent plasticity” and “good adhesion” are important for fulfilling a bolus function.

  Examples of the material having this characteristic include synthetic rubber, silicone, gum base, agar, acetoacetylated aqueous polymer compound (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and a specific polyvinyl alcohol prepared by repeating freezing or thawing operations. Bolus using a fluid gel (for example, refer to Patent Document 2), a specific natural organic polymer hydrous gel (for example, refer to Patent Document 3), a transparent silicone gel (for example, refer to Patent Document 4), etc. have been proposed. Yes.

  The present invention provides a three-dimensional structure having excellent adhesion that can be closely adhered to a patient's body surface without gaps, and a fluid having excellent shape retention of a three-dimensional structure that can stably maintain a molded shape. An object is to provide a set of a modeled object and a fluid.

  As means for solving the above problems, the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid of the present invention includes a three-dimensional structure and a fluid that covers at least a part of the three-dimensional structure.

  According to the present invention, it has a three-dimensional model that is excellent in adhesion that can adhere to a patient's body surface without gaps, and a fluid that is excellent in shape retention of a three-dimensional model that can stably maintain a molded shape. A set of a three-dimensional structure and a fluid can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a storage method in a set of a three-dimensional structure and a fluid according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA showing an example of a state during storage in the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA showing another example of the state of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid set shown in FIG. 2 during storage. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA showing another example of the state of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid set shown in FIG. 2 during storage. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA showing another example of the state of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid set shown in FIG. 2 during storage. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA showing another example of the state of the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA showing another example of the state of the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a state when the bolus is applied to the body surface portion of the patient. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the distribution of the contact portion between the bolus and the patient's body surface. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure using a mold. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure using the mold illustrated in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional structure using the mold illustrated in FIG. 11. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a three-dimensional printer for producing a three-dimensional structure. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the produced three-dimensional modeled object and the support. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of a three-dimensional printer for producing a three-dimensional structure.

(Set of 3D object and fluid)
The set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid of the present invention includes a three-dimensional object and a fluid that covers at least a part of the three-dimensional object, and has a polymer between the three-dimensional object and the fluid. You may have, and also has other members as needed.

  In the case of a bolus having excellent plasticity, the set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid of the present invention is deformed without being able to stand on its own due to its characteristics, and deformed from the initial shape, resulting in poor adhesion over time. This is based on the knowledge that there is a problem that a deviation occurs between the irradiation depth and the target depth, and the function as a bolus is significantly reduced.

  Covering at least a part of the three-dimensional structure has a state in which a fluid exists in the normal direction of the three-dimensional structure and the distance between the three-dimensional structure and the fluid is within 5 mm. means. Moreover, when it has a polymer between a three-dimensional molded item and a fluid, it means a portion where the distance between the polymer and the fluid is within 5 mm.

  Examples of the state of covering at least a part of the three-dimensional modeled object include a state in which the three-dimensional modeled object is floating on the fluid.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a storage method in a set of a three-dimensional object and a fluid according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the set of a three-dimensional object and a fluid in FIG. 5 to FIG. 5 are cross-sectional views taken along line AA showing an example of the storage method in the set of the three-dimensional structure 11 and the fluid 12 shown in FIG. 2, and FIGS. 6 to 8 are three-dimensional objects shown in FIG. Sectional drawing in the AA line of another example of the set of a fluid is shown.
In FIG. 1, the three-dimensional structure 11 is installed in a container 13 containing a fluid 12 having fluidity, and as shown in FIG. 4, at least a part of the three-dimensional structure 11 is covered. . If at least a part of the three-dimensional structure 11 is covered, the shape of the three-dimensional structure can be maintained. Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, by providing the container 13 with holding members 16, 17, and 18 that hold the three-dimensional object 11 in the fluid 12, the three-dimensional object 11 that sinks or floats due to a difference in specific gravity. Can be completely covered by the fluid 12. By setting it as such a structure, the shape retainability of a three-dimensional molded item can be improved.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said holding member, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, the thread | yarn made from nylon (nylon tex), the acrylic board with the hole, etc. can be used.

<Fluid>
The fluid has fluidity and further contains other components as necessary.

  The fluidity means a state where a liquid or a free granular solid can be moved by a flow.

  The fluidity is preferably fluid at 18 ° C. or higher and 28 ° C. or lower.

The specific gravity of the fluid is preferably 0.75 or more and 1.25 or less, more preferably 0.83 or more and 1.16 or less, and 0.91 or more times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure. 1.02 times or less is further more preferable, and 0.97 times or more and 1.0 times or less is particularly preferable. When the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.75 to 1.25 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional model, the shape of the three-dimensional model can be maintained.
The specific gravity of the three-dimensional modeled object means the specific gravity of the three-dimensional modeled object and the whole polymer when the three-dimensional modeled object has a polymer.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a measuring method of the specific gravity of the said three-dimensional molded item, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, JIS Z 8807: 2012 "Measurement method of the density and specific gravity of solid" etc. are mentioned.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a measuring method of the specific gravity of the said fluid, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, JISZ8804: 2012 "The measuring method of the density and specific gravity of a liquid" etc. are mentioned.

  As the specific gravity of the fluid, the specific gravity of the fluid is preferably larger than the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure. When the specific gravity of the fluid is larger than the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure, it is possible to prevent the surface of the three-dimensional structure stored in the fluid from being exposed and contacting the container containing the fluid. .

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said fluid, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a plastic fluid, a quasi (pseudo) viscous fluid, a quasi (pseudo) plastic fluid, a dilatant fluid, a Newtonian fluid etc. are mentioned. . Among these, plastic fluid, quasi (pseudo) viscous fluid, and quasi (pseudo) plastic fluid are preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling after taking out from the fluid, and the shape retention property of the three-dimensional model to be stored is excellent. From this point, a dilatant fluid is preferable, and a Newtonian fluid is preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling after taking out from the fluid and a good balance of shape retention.

  Examples of the fluid include C1-C4 alkyl alcohols such as water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol; Amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; Ketones or ketone alcohols such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diacetone alcohol; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2- Butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thioglycol, hexylene Polyhydric alcohols such as recall and glycerin; polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; ethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether, diethylene glycol methyl (or ethyl) ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether, etc. Lower alcohol ethers of polyhydric alcohols; alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; Flower oil, safflower salad oil, refined grape oil, grape salad oil, refined soybean oil, soybean salad oil, refined sunflower oil, sunflower salad oil, refined corn oil, corn Lada oil, cottonseed oil, refined cottonseed oil, cottonseed salad oil, sesame oil, refined sesame oil, sesame salad oil, rapeseed oil, refined rapeseed oil, rapeseed salad oil, refined rice oil, rice salad oil, peanut oil, refined peanut oil, olive oil, refined olive oil, refined palm Oil, edible palm olein, edible palm stearin, refined palm kernel oil, refined palm oil, blended oil, refined blended oil, blended salad oil, flavored edible oil, etc .; stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc. Fatty acid esters comprising these, fatty acid esters using them; dimethyl silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, modified silicone oils similar to these; LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), gasoline for automobiles, jet fuel oil , Kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, lubricating oil, Any petroleum; saline, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<< Other ingredients >>
The other components are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, viscosity adjusting agents, specific gravity adjusting agents, preservatives, antifungal agents, stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, and antioxidants. Agents, anti-aging agents, colorants, dispersants and the like.

<Polymer>
The polymer includes a polymer that is insoluble in water, and further includes other components as necessary.

  “Insoluble in water” means that 10 g of a polymer in the form of granules, powder and film is put in 100 g of pure water at 25 ° C., stirred for 10 minutes, filtered, and contained in the residue obtained by evaporating water. It means that the polymer is 0.5 g or less.

  In addition to being insoluble in water, the polymer preferably has a low water vapor permeability.

The water vapor permeability of the polymer is preferably 1,000 [g / (m ² · day)] or less, and 0.01 [g / (m ² · day)] or more and 100 [g / (m ² · day). The following is more preferable. When the water vapor transmission rate is 1,000 [g / (m ² · day)] or less, the polymer can easily follow the shape of the three-dimensional structure, and the water vapor transmission rate is 0.01 [g / ( m ² · day)] or more can prevent the three-dimensional structure from absorbing excess water and swelling.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a measuring method of the said water vapor transmission rate, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, JISK7129: "The method of calculating | requiring a water vapor transmission rate (instrument measuring method)" of plastic-film and sheet | seat Etc.

  The shape of the polymer can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the shape separated from the three-dimensional object or the shape of the three-dimensional object as shown in FIG. 5. A close contact shape is preferred. When the shape is a shape separated from the three-dimensional object, the fluid and the three-dimensional object can be prevented from coming into direct contact with each other, and an operation of taking out from the fluid can be facilitated. Moreover, the surface area of the said three-dimensional molded item which the said fluid covers becomes large as the said shape is a shape closely_contact | adhered to a three-dimensional molded item, and can suppress the deformation | transformation of the three-dimensional molded item at the time of storage.

  The size of the polymer is not particularly limited as long as the three-dimensional model can be packaged, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

  Examples of the polymer material include polyester, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and vinyl chloride. -Vinyl acetate copolymer, cellophane, acetate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, nylon, polyimide, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, fluororesin, paraffin wax, and modified products thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<3D objects>
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said three-dimensional molded item, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a bolus etc. are mentioned.

<< Bolus >>
It is preferable that the bolus has a shape along a body surface part to be irradiated with radiation of a patient undergoing radiation therapy and has a radiation transmittance distribution corresponding to the affected part of the patient.

  The said body surface part is a body surface part used as radiation irradiation object, and means the area | region where the line which connected the radiation irradiation source and the affected part cross | intersects a patient's body surface part. In the said area | region, when the shape of the bolus surface and the patient's body surface part follows, the state which the said bolus contact | adhered to the patient can be formed.

  The shape along the body surface portion has a certain shape such as a concave portion and a convex portion with respect to each of the concave portion and the convex portion of the body surface portion to be irradiated with radiation of the individual patient. Is preferred. By setting it as the shape along the said body surface part, since it becomes a shape with the surface which follows a patient's body surface part, it can prevent that the irradiated radiation is irradiated to structures other than the target affected part.

Since the bolus has a radiation transmittance distribution corresponding to the affected area of the patient, adverse effects on normal tissues other than the affected area can be reduced. For example, in cancer treatment by X-ray irradiation, the following problems can be solved by having a radiation transmittance distribution corresponding to the affected area of the patient.
-Body surface parts other than cancer cells are affected by more radiation than cancer cells, and also affect cells behind cancer cells.
-The shape of the X-ray incident on the living body cannot be processed.
・ When a disorder such as heart or lung occurs, it is necessary to avoid the deadly organ and irradiate.
In order to form the X-ray transmittance distribution, as shown below, there are two ways of providing a bolus X-ray transmittance distribution and controlling by shape (shape control), or a combination of both. .

-X-ray transmittance distribution-
As a method for forming the X-ray transmittance distribution, for example, an inkjet three-dimensional printer can be used, and a plurality of three-dimensional object modeling liquid materials can be used.

-Shape control-
As a method for imparting the X-ray transmittance distribution to the bolus, shape control for controlling the shape by arbitrarily changing the film thickness of the bolus can be used.
Thus, the bolus composition distribution, the arbitrary control of the film thickness, and the combination of both are preferably performed by a modeling method using a three-dimensional printer.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram when the bolus 21 is applied to the body surface portion 22 of the patient. FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the distribution of the contact portion between the bolus 21 and the body surface portion 22 of the patient. is there. The bolus 21 and the patient's body surface portion 22 follow that the convex / concave shape of the bolus 21 corresponds to the concave / convex shape of the body surface portion 22 of the patient. There is a region 23 where the shape of the bolus 21 and the shape of the body surface 22 of the patient follow. 10, there is a region 23 where the bolus 21 and the patient's body surface 22 are in contact with each other, and a region 24 where the bolus 21 and the patient's body surface 22 are not in contact. The area of the region 23 where the bolus 21 and the patient's body surface portion 22 come into contact with each other is preferably at least 80% or more of the area of the surface facing the patient's body surface portion 22 in the bolus 21 and 95% or more. Is more preferable, and 98% or more means a particularly preferable state. In such a state, the dose can be maximized at an arbitrary depth, and irradiation of radiation to the target (affected area) can be expected.

The bolus and the patient's body surface are in contact with each other in a region surrounded by an outer periphery in a state where the bolus and the patient's body surface are in contact with each other in a convex / concave shape. This area is defined as the contact area. As a method for confirming contact, when the bolus is transparent, the contacted region is visually confirmed, and an image taken with a digital camera or the like is displayed on image processing software (software name: PhotoShop, The contact area can be calculated by performing two-gradation using Adobe Systems Inc.).
If the bolus is not transparent, a gelatin solution is sandwiched between the bolus and the patient's body surface to solidify and measure the area where the film thickness is 1 mm or more, or observe surface irregularities with a laser microscope, etc. In addition, there is a method of calculating a contact area.
When the bolus is transparent, adhesion can be evaluated without applying a load, but when a solution is sandwiched between the bolus and the patient's body surface, a load may be applied as necessary.

  As the structure of the bolus, there is no particular limitation as long as it has a shape along the body surface part to be irradiated with the patient, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. It is preferable to provide a film separately from the polymer. By providing the film, the shape of the bolus can be maintained, the storage stability (drying resistance and antiseptic properties) of the bolus can be improved, and the appearance of the bolus can be improved.

--- Film--
The film is not particularly limited as long as it can improve the drying resistance and antiseptic properties of the bolus, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples thereof include the same materials as the polymer.

  The method for forming the film is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, a method of dissolving the film forming material in a solvent and applying it to the surface of the bolus, and forming the film Examples thereof include a method of forming a laminate on the surface of a material that becomes a bolus using a heat shrink film as a material. It is preferable to use the method of applying and the method of forming a laminate using the film because a film along the surface shape of the bolus can be formed.

Examples of the application method include a method using a brush, spray, dip coating, and the like.
Furthermore, the film forming material may be dissolved in a solvent, and the film may be formed at the same time when the bolus is formed by the three-dimensional printer using the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure.
In any case, since adhesion to the skin is important, it is preferable to form a film that does not impair the shape of the bolus surface produced based on the three-dimensional data of the body surface portion that is the subject of radiation irradiation of the patient. .

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as average thickness of the said film | membrane, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, 100 micrometers or less are preferable and 10 micrometers or more and 50 micrometers or less are more preferable. When the average thickness of the film is 100 μm or less, the texture of the bolus can be improved.

As a method for improving the drying resistance, the water vapor permeability (JIS K7129) of the film is preferably 500 g / m ² · d or less, and the oxygen permeability (JIS Z1702) is 100,000 cc / m ² / hr. / Atm or less is preferable. When the film has a water vapor permeability of 500 g / m ² · d or less and an oxygen permeability of 100,000 cc / m ² / hr / atm or less, the bolus is resistant to the bolus in the case of a gel containing water. Dryability and antiseptic properties can be improved.

  In order to improve the preservability, it is preferable to add a preservative to the film. The preservative is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include dehydroacetate, sorbate, benzoate, sodium pentachlorophenol, 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide. Sodium, 2,4-dimethyl-6-acetoxy-m-dioxane, 1,2-benzthiazolin-3-one and the like can be mentioned.

  In order to maintain the shape of the bolus, it is preferable to give an elastic force to the film in order to prevent the bolus from collapsing due to its own weight. The difference in Young's modulus of the bolus with and without the coating is preferably 0.01 MPa or more.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a measuring method of the Young's modulus of the said bolus, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, an autograph universal machine (device name: AG-IS type, Shimadzu Corporation make) etc. Can be used and measured.

The appearance of the bolus can be improved by forming a film on the surface of the bolus. For example, when scratches and surface roughness are present on the surface of the bolus, the appearance can be supplemented by a film. Moreover, the internal bolus can be protected by the surface film being a protective layer.
Furthermore, if it is not possible to enter markings on the surface of the bolus, it is possible to write a procedure at the time of radiation therapy, a patient name, etc. by forming a film on the surface of the bolus. Functionality can be imparted.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a magnitude | size of the said bolus, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, at the time of active energy ray irradiation, as a minimum value seeing from the axis | shaft which connected the irradiation line and the affected part, it is 10 mm < ² >. or more, more preferably 100 mm ² or more, the upper limit value is preferably 1,000mm ² or less, more preferably 500 mm ² or less. Further, the lower limit value of the average thickness is preferably 1 mm or more, more preferably 4 mm or more, and the upper limit value is preferably 100 mm or less, more preferably 12 mm or less, and 5 mm ± 0.5 mm or 10 mm ± 0.5 mm. Particularly preferred.

  The material of the bolus is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include hydrogels, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, silicone rubbers, water-containing gels derived from natural organic polymers, acetone Examples thereof include non-flowable gels prepared by repeatedly freezing or thawing operations of acetylated aqueous polymer compounds and polyvinyl alcohol. Among these, hydrogels and hydrogels derived from natural organic polymers are preferable, and hydrogels having a CT value close to that of the human body are more preferable because water is the main component.

<<< Water-containing gel derived from natural organic polymer >>>
The hydrogel derived from the natural organic polymer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.For example, carrageenan, locust bean gum, glucomannan, starch, curdlan, guar gum, agar, cassia gum, Examples include dextran, amylose, gelatin, pectin, xanthan gum, tara gum, gellan gum and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The content of the hydrous gel derived from the natural organic polymer is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 2% by mass or more based on the water contained in the bolus. When the content is 10% by mass or less, gelation occurs and a bolus having an appropriate hardness can be obtained.

  The natural organic polymer-derived hydrous gel may further contain a metal salt such as calcium, potassium, sodium, barium, and a pH adjuster as necessary. By adding metal salts such as calcium, potassium, sodium, barium, and pH adjusters, gelation can be promoted, strength increase can be suppressed, and the stability of the gelled substance over time can be improved.

<<< Hydrogel >>>
The hydrogel contains water, a polymer, a mineral, an organic solvent, and further contains other components as necessary.

In the hydrogel, the water is contained in a three-dimensional network structure formed by combining the mineral dispersed in a solution and the polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer. The hydrogel is preferable because a bolus with excellent plasticity, moderate elasticity, and high adhesion can be obtained.
Furthermore, since the hydrogel is composed mainly of a polymer and water, the CT value is preferably close to that of a human body.

-Polymer-
The polymer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include polymers having an amide group, amino group, hydroxyl group, tetramethylammonium group, silanol group, epoxy group, and the like. A polymer (homopolymer) and a heteropolymer (copolymer) may be used, and a homopolymer is preferable. Furthermore, the polymer may be modified, a known functional group may be introduced, or may be in the form of a salt, but is preferably water-soluble.

  In the present invention, the water-soluble means, for example, one in which 90% by mass or more dissolves when 1 g of the polymer is mixed with 100 g of water at 30 ° C. and stirred.

-Water-
As said water, pure water, such as ion-exchange water, ultrafiltration water, reverse osmosis water, distilled water, or ultrapure water can be used, for example.
In the water, other components such as an organic solvent may be dissolved and dispersed in accordance with purposes such as imparting moisture retention, imparting antibacterial properties, imparting conductivity, and adjusting hardness.

-Minerals-
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said mineral, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a water swelling layered clay mineral etc. are mentioned.

Examples of the water-swellable layered clay mineral include water-swellable smectite and water-swellable mica. More specifically, water-swellable hectorite containing sodium as an interlayer ion, water-swellable montmorillonite, water-swellable saponite, water-swellable synthetic mica and the like can be mentioned. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Among these, a water-swellable hectorite is preferable because a highly elastic bolus can be obtained.
The water-swellable hectorite may be appropriately synthesized or may be a commercially available product. Examples of the commercially available products include synthetic hectorite (Laponite XLG, manufactured by RockWood), SWN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Ltd.), and fluorinated hectorite SWF (manufactured by Coop Chemical Ltd.). Among these, synthetic hectorite is preferable from the viewpoint of the elastic modulus of the bolus.
The water swellability means that water molecules are inserted between layers of the layered clay mineral and dispersed in water.

  The content of the mineral is preferably 1% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the bolus from the viewpoint of the elastic modulus and hardness of the bolus.

-Organic solvent-
The organic solvent is contained to enhance the moisture retention of the bolus.
Examples of the organic solvent include alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol; dimethylformamide Amides such as dimethylacetamide; Ketones or ketone alcohols such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diacetone alcohol; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane; Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, thioglycol, hexylene glycol Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin; polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol; many such as ethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether, diethylene glycol methyl (or ethyl) ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl (or ethyl) ether Lower alcohol ethers of monohydric alcohols; alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, etc. . These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Among these, from the viewpoint of moisture retention, polyhydric alcohols are preferable, and glycerin and propylene glycol are more preferable.

As content of the said organic solvent, 10 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are preferable with respect to the whole quantity of boluses. When the content is 10% by mass or more, the effect of preventing drying is sufficiently obtained. Moreover, a layered clay mineral is uniformly disperse | distributed as it is 50 mass% or less.
When the content of the organic solvent is 10% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, a deviation from the composition of the human body is small, and a good function as a bolus can be obtained.

-Other ingredients-
The other components are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, phosphonic acid compounds such as 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, stabilizers, surface treatment agents, Examples thereof include a polymerization initiator, a colorant, a viscosity modifier, an adhesion promoter, an antioxidant, an antioxidant, a crosslinking accelerator, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, an antiseptic, and a dispersant.

The CT value (HU) measured by the bolus computed tomography is from −100 to 100, preferably from 0 to 100, and more preferably from 0 to 70.
The CT value is a value calibrated by a computed tomography apparatus as bone 1,000, water 0, and air-1,000.
The bolus is used for radiation therapy and is preferably close to the body composition. The CT value in the body composition varies depending on the part of the body, about 35 to 50 in the muscle, the internal organs also depends on the part, the liver is about 45 to 75, the pancreas is about 25 to 55, the fat is about -50 to -100, It is known that blood is about 10-30.
For this reason, depending on the site to be irradiated, if the CT value is about −100 or more and 100 or less, a bolus that exhibits substantially the same properties as human tissue in terms of radiation absorption or scattering can be obtained. The CT value is preferably from 0 to 100, and more preferably from 0 to 70. When the CT value is 0 or more and 100 or less, it can be said that the properties are very close to human tissue.

  The bolus preferably has an appropriate range of bolus hardness in order to improve adhesion to the patient's body surface.

  The hardness of the bolus is preferably 80 or less, more preferably 60 or less, and the lower limit is preferably 20 or more, and preferably 40 or more, as measured with an Asker rubber hardness meter C2 type. Is more preferable, and 50 or more is particularly preferable. When the hardness is 80 or less, the bolus and the patient's body surface can be sufficiently adhered to each other.

(Method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model)
As a manufacturing method of the three-dimensional molded item of the first aspect, for example, a step of injecting the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional molded item into a mold is included, and further includes other steps as necessary.

  As a manufacturing method of the three-dimensional modeled object of the 2nd mode, in the three-dimensional modeled method using a three-dimensional modeled device, the three-dimensional modeled object modeling process which models the three-dimensional modeled object using 3D data based on the shape of a three-dimensional modeled object Including other steps as necessary.

  The manufacturing method of a three-dimensional molded item can be suitably used for manufacturing a set of a three-dimensional molded item and a fluid according to the present invention.

-Liquid material for modeling 3D objects-
It is preferable that the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure includes water, minerals, and a polymerizable monomer, and preferably includes an organic solvent, and further includes a polymerization initiator and other components as necessary.
As said water, the said mineral, the said organic solvent, and the said other component, the thing similar to the hydrogel of the bolus in the said three-dimensional molded item can be used.

--Polymerizable monomer--
The polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having one or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Examples thereof include monofunctional monomers and polyfunctional monomers. Can be mentioned.

--- Monofunctional monomer ---
Examples of the monofunctional monomer include acrylamide, N-substituted acrylamide derivatives, N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivatives, N-substituted methacrylamide derivatives, N, N-disubstituted methacrylamide derivatives, and other monofunctional monomers. Can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the N-substituted acrylamide derivative, the N, N-disubstituted acrylamide derivative, the N-substituted methacrylamide derivative, and the N, N-disubstituted methacrylamide derivative include N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). , N-isopropylacrylamide and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the other monofunctional monomer include 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, acryloylmorpholine, caprolactone-modified tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, Isobornyl (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, Tridecyl (meth) acrylate, caprolactone (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated nonylphenol (meth) acrylate, urethane (meth) acrylate, etc. That. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  By polymerizing the monofunctional monomer, a water-soluble organic polymer having an amide group, amino group, hydroxyl group, tetramethylammonium group, silanol group, epoxy group or the like can be obtained.

  The water-soluble organic polymer having the amide group, amino group, hydroxyl group, tetramethylammonium group, silanol group, epoxy group or the like is an advantageous component for maintaining the strength of the bolus.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as content of the said monofunctional monomer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, 1 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less are with respect to the whole quantity of the liquid material for three-dimensional molded item modeling. Preferably, 1 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less are more preferable. When the content is in the range of 1% by mass to 10% by mass, the dispersion stability of the layered clay mineral in the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional model is maintained, and the stretchability of the three-dimensional model is improved. Can do. The stretchability means a property that stretches and does not break when a three-dimensional structure is pulled.

--- Multifunctional monomer ---
Examples of the polyfunctional monomer include bifunctional monomers, trifunctional monomers, and tetrafunctional or higher monomers.

  Examples of the bifunctional monomer include tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalin. Acid ester di (meth) acrylate, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol Di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene Recall di (meth) acrylate, caprolactone modified hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester di (meth) acrylate, propoxylated neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, ethoxy modified bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol 200 di (meth) acrylate Polyethylene glycol 400 di (meth) acrylate, methylenebisacrylamide, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the trifunctional monomer include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, triallyl isocyanate, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate tri (meth) acrylate, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane. Examples include tri (meth) acrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and propoxylated glyceryl tri (meth) acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the tetrafunctional or higher functional monomer include pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hydroxypenta (meth) acrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, penta ( And (meth) acrylate ester and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as content of the said polyfunctional monomer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, 0.001 mass% or more and 1 mass% with respect to the whole quantity of the liquid material for three-dimensional molded object shaping | molding The following are preferable, and 0.01 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less are more preferable. When the content is 0.001% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, the elastic modulus and hardness of the three-dimensional structure to be obtained can be adjusted to an appropriate range.

--Polymerization initiator--
Examples of the polymerization initiator include a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The thermal polymerization initiator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, a persulfate initiator, or a redox (oxidation reduction) initiator. Etc.

  Examples of the azo initiator include VA-044, VA-46B, V-50, VA-057, VA-061, VA-067, VA-086, 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2). , 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (VAZO 33), 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (VAZO 50), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (VAZO 52) ), 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (VAZO 64), 2,2′-azobis-2-methylbutyronitrile (VAZO 67), 1,1-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) ( VAZO 88) (all available from DuPont Chemical), 2,2′-azobis (2-cyclopropylpropionitrile), 2, '- azobis (methyl isobutyrate - DOO) (V-601) (both manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and the like.

  Examples of the peroxide initiator include benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, dicetyl peroxydicarbonate, di (4-t-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate (Perkadox 16S). ) (Available from Akzo Nobel), di (2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-butyl peroxypivalate (Lupersol 11) (available from Elf Atochem), t-butylperoxy-2-ethyl Examples include hexanoate (Trigonox 21-C50) (all manufactured by Akzo Nobel) and dicumyl peroxide.

  Examples of the persulfate initiator include potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium peroxodisulfate.

  Examples of the redox initiator include a combination of the persulfate initiator and a reducing agent such as sodium metabisulfite and sodium bisulfite, a system based on the organic peroxide and a tertiary amine. (For example, a system based on benzoyl peroxide and dimethylaniline), a system based on an organic hydroperoxide and a transition metal (for example, a system based on cumene hydroperoxide and cobalt naphthate), and the like.

As the photopolymerization initiator, it is preferable to use any substance that generates radicals by irradiation with light (particularly, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 220 nm to 400 nm).
Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include acetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, p-dimethylaminoacetophenone, benzophenone, 2-chlorobenzophenone, p, p′-dichlorobenzophenone, p, p-bisdiethylaminobenzophenone, Michler's ketone , Benzyl, benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin-n-propyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, benzoin-n-butyl ether, benzyl methyl ketal, thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-hydroxy-2 -Methyl-1-phenyl-1-one, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, methylbenzoylsulfate Examples include omate, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, and di-tert-butyl peroxide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Tetramethylethylenediamine is used as an initiator for a polymerization / gelation reaction using acrylamide as a polyacrylamide gel.

<First aspect>
The first aspect includes a step of injecting and curing the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure, and further includes other steps as necessary.

−Type−
The mold is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a material that is not affected by the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Moreover, it is preferable to use the liquid material for modeling the three-dimensional modeled object that does not leak.
The mold can be produced by impression material, mechanical polishing, cutting, material extrusion deposition (FDM), material jetting, binder jetting, powder sintering additive manufacturing (SLS / SLM), etc. It is preferable to produce using an inkjet stereolithography apparatus (for example, a three-dimensional printer, apparatus name: Ajirista, manufactured by Keyence Corporation).

  As an example of the first aspect, an example in which a bolus is modeled as a three-dimensional model is shown and described, but the present invention is not limited by the following description.

<< Process for injecting and curing a liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional model >>
As the step of injecting and curing the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional object, the mold is fixed to the skin surface of a site to be treated by a patient, and the liquid material for forming a three-dimensional object is poured into the mold and cured. It is preferable to make it. Thereby, the bolus which is a three-dimensional molded object of the shape along the body surface part (part which should be treated; affected part) used as irradiation object of a patient is producible.
Here, having a shape along the body surface portion means that the body surface portion to be irradiated with the patient has a certain shape that becomes a convex portion or a concave portion with respect to each of the concave portion or convex portion of the body. Means holding. This creates a bolus with a surface shape that perfectly follows the patient's skin.

  When curing the three-dimensional structure modeling liquid material using a photopolymerization initiator, it is necessary to irradiate the liquid material for three-dimensional structure modeling with an energy ray such as ultraviolet rays as a curing means, and thus a mold to be used. Is preferably a material transparent to energy rays.

  As a method of curing using the photopolymerization initiator, after injecting a liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure into the mold, sealing and shutting off air (oxygen), then irradiating energy rays from the outside of the mold, Examples include a method of forming a bolus by removing from the mold after the polymerization is completed.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram in the case of producing a three-dimensional bolus for a breast using a mold that matches the shape of the breast. When creating a mold that matches the breast shape, CT data of the patient's breast is acquired and converted into three-dimensional (3D) data so that a male-female mold can be created based on the CT data. Based on this 3D data, a male die 31 for producing a three-dimensional bolus for a patient's breast is produced by a three-dimensional printer. A female die 32 for producing a breast three-dimensional bolus is produced by a three-dimensional printer using patient personal data. As shown in FIG. 12, by combining the produced male mold 31 and female mold 32, a gap 33 is formed between them. When a liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional object is injected into the gap 33 and cured, a three-dimensional bolus 34 for breast shown in FIG. 13 can be produced.

<Second aspect>
The second aspect includes a three-dimensional object modeling step of forming the three-dimensional object by discharging the liquid material for modeling the three-dimensional object, and curing the formed film to form the three-dimensional object. Other processes are included accordingly.

<< 3D modeling process >>
In the three-dimensional modeling method using a three-dimensional modeling apparatus, the three-dimensional modeling object forming step discharges the three-dimensional object forming liquid material based on 3D data of the shape of the three-dimensional object, and cures the three-dimensional object forming liquid material. It is a process of modeling the three-dimensional modeled object, and further includes a support modeling process and other processes as necessary. The said three-dimensional molded item modeling process is implemented by the three-dimensional molded item modeling means.

The three-dimensional structure modeling means is not particularly limited as long as it is a system that can apply the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional structure to a target place with appropriate accuracy, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a dispenser method, a spray method, an inkjet method, etc. are mentioned. In order to implement these methods, a known apparatus can be preferably used.
Among these, the inkjet method is preferable because the quantitative property of the droplets is good, the coating area can be widened, and a complicated three-dimensional shape can be formed accurately and efficiently.

When using the said inkjet system, it has a nozzle which can discharge the said liquid material for three-dimensional molded item modeling.
As the nozzle, a nozzle in a known ink jet printer can be suitably used.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said inkjet printer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, MH5420 / 5440 by Ricoh Industry Co., Ltd. etc. are mentioned. The ink jet printer is preferable from the viewpoint that the amount of ink that can be ejected from the head portion at a time is large, the application area is large, and the application speed can be increased.

  Examples of a method for directly forming a three-dimensional model using the three-dimensional printer include a method using an ink jet three-dimensional printer and an optical modeling three-dimensional printer. By using the above method, the composition distribution and shape control can be performed in accordance with the state of the treatment site of the individual patient, and a three-dimensionally shaped object having a radiation transmittance distribution can be formed.

<Support body forming process>
Examples of the support modeling process include a process of discharging a support modeling liquid material.
The step of discharging the support modeling liquid material can be performed simultaneously with the modeling of the three-dimensional model in order to suppress the deformation of the three-dimensional model during modeling.

-Liquid material for forming support-
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said support body modeling liquid material, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, agar, paraffin wax (synthetic WAX), polymethacrylmethylacrylate, etc. are mentioned. Further, plastics that are hot-melted or dissolved in a solvent, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, ABS resin, AS resin, acrylic resin, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyvinylidene chloride are exemplified.
In the case of using a plastic melted in the above-mentioned hot melt or solvent, it may be solidified by cooling or removing the solvent, or a method of solidifying after molding inorganic fine particles such as gypsum and sand, or adding inorganic fine particles to the resin It may be molded.

  As an example of the second aspect, an example in which a bolus is modeled as a three-dimensional model is shown and described, but the present invention is not limited by the following description.

For example, using the patient's personal data, it is possible to provide a radiation transmittance distribution as necessary, as well as having a shape along the body surface part to be irradiated with radiation. Further, when a mold matching the breast shape is produced, CT data of the breast is acquired and converted into three-dimensional (3D) data so that a male-female mold can be produced based on the CT data. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) data, a bolus is directly formed using a three-dimensional printer.
The three-dimensional printer is preferably a method capable of printing a material of a three-dimensional structure, and a method in which a bolus forming liquid material is ejected by an ink jet (material jet) method or a dispenser method and cured by UV light is effectively used. In the case of this method, since a plurality of materials for forming the bolus can be used, it is possible to provide the entire bolus with a distribution rather than the same composition. In particular, an X-ray transmittance distribution can be provided so that the X-ray transmittance can be controlled in accordance with the affected part of the patient to be treated. This is an effective technique that can reduce damage to normal cells other than cancer cells as much as possible.

For example, an inkjet (IJ) type three-dimensional printer 110 as shown in FIG. 14 uses a three-dimensional object modeling liquid material discharge head unit 111 to use a three-dimensional object modeling liquid material using a head unit in which inkjet heads are arranged. The support forming liquid material discharge head unit 112 discharges the support forming liquid material, and the adjacent ultraviolet irradiation machine 113 cures the three-dimensional object forming liquid material and the support forming liquid material, and further smoothes them. Laminating is performed while smoothing using the forming member 116.
In order to keep the gap between the three-dimensional object modeling liquid material discharge head unit 111, the support body forming liquid material discharge head unit 112 and the ultraviolet irradiator 113, the bolus 117 and the support 118 constant, Lamination is performed while lowering the shaped article support substrate 114 and the stage 115.
In the three-dimensional printer 110, the ultraviolet irradiator 113 is used when moving in the direction of either arrow A or B, and the surface of the laminated support material forming liquid material is smoothed by the heat generated by the ultraviolet irradiation. As a result, the dimensional stability of the bolus can be improved.
When the bolus 117 and the support body 118 are pulled in the vertical direction and peeled as shown in FIG. 15 after the modeling is completed, the support body 118 is peeled off as a unit, and the bolus 117 can be easily taken out.
In addition, after forming a support body using the liquid material for support body shaping | molding, it can also form continuously by discharging the liquid material for bolus formation on a support body, and hardening, but the liquid for modeling bodies By simultaneously using the material discharge head unit 111 and the support body forming liquid material discharge head unit 112, it is possible to simultaneously form the support portion and the bolus portion. That is, it is possible to manufacture the support portion as a support portion and the bolus portion as a model portion.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 16, in the stereolithography type three-dimensional printer, the liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional object is stored in the liquid tank 134, and the ultraviolet laser beam 133 emitted from the laser light source 131 is applied to the surface 137 of the liquid tank. Irradiation from the laser scanner 132 produces a cured product on the modeling stage 136. The modeling stage 136 is lowered by the operation of the piston 135, and this is sequentially repeated to form a modeled object 138 and obtain a bolus.

  The three-dimensional printer is preferably a system capable of printing a support forming liquid material, and preferably an ink jet (material jet) system or a dispenser system. Examples of a method for solidifying the printed support modeling liquid material include, for example, a method in which the support modeling liquid material is heated in advance before printing and allowed to cool after printing, and is solidified by volatile components in the support modeling liquid material. A method of solidifying by volatilizing after printing and increasing the solid content concentration, printing a liquid material for forming a support including a polymerizable monomer and a thermal polymerization initiator, and solidifying by heating the printing surface Examples thereof include a method of printing a support forming liquid material containing a polymerizable monomer, and solidifying the printed surface by irradiating UV light.

  Examples of the polymerizable monomer include acrylic monomers and acrylic oligomers. Examples of the acrylic monomer include tripropylene glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, which are polyfunctional acrylic monomers. And dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. Examples of the acrylic oligomer include polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, and epoxy acrylate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Storage method for 3D objects)
As a method for storing a three-dimensional structure according to the present invention, at least a part of the three-dimensional structure is covered with a fluid, and further includes other steps as necessary.

  The method for storing a three-dimensional object according to the present invention can be suitably used for the method for storing a three-dimensional object in a set of the three-dimensional object and fluid according to the present invention.

  As the fluid, the same one as the set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid can be used.

(Fluid)
The fluid is a member for storing a three-dimensional structure, and the fluid has fluidity, and the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.75 times or more and 1.25 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure. It is preferable that the range is not more than double and the fluid covers at least a part of the surface of the three-dimensional structure.

  The fluid is not particularly limited as long as it is a member that does not swell due to the fluid even if the three-dimensional model is stored for a long period of time and can prevent evaporation of moisture contained in the three-dimensional model. And can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

  As the fluid, a fluid used for the set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid of the present invention can be suitably used.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

In this example, an example in which a bolus is used as a three-dimensionally shaped object is shown.
Example 1
-Adjustment of the liquid material 1 for modeling a three-dimensional model-
While stirring the pure water 400 parts by mass, as a water-swellable minerals _{[Mg 5.34 Li 0.66 Si 8 O} 20 (OH) 4] Na - 0.66 synthetic hectorite having a composition of (Laponite XLG, Rockwood 30 parts by mass) were added little by little, and 1.6 parts by mass of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred to obtain a dispersion.
Further, 0.6 part by mass of sodium peroxodisulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was stirred in 29.4 parts by mass of pure water to obtain 30 parts by mass of a 2% by mass aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate.
Next, the dispersion is cooled in an ice bath, and while stirring, 2 parts by mass of a 2% by weight aqueous solution of sodium peroxodisulfate and 2 parts by mass of tetramethylenediamine (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) are added and mixed by stirring. Thereafter, vacuum degassing was carried out for 10 minutes, and impurities were removed by filtration to obtain a liquid material 1 for modeling a three-dimensional structure.

-Production of bolus-
CT data of the face of the patient (patient) was acquired and converted into three-dimensional (3D) data for creating a male-female mold below. A mold corresponding to male-female was molded based on the three-dimensional data.
The obtained liquid material for modeling a three-dimensional model was poured into the mold, reacted at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 6 hours, and cured. After curing, it was removed from the mold and washed with water to obtain a face-shaped bolus 1 having a length of 150 mm × width of 150 mm × thickness of 10 mm.
The specific gravity of the obtained bolus 1 was 1.09 as a result of measurement by the Archimedes method (Azprominiscale ACS5000 digital measurement, manufactured by ASONE).

-Storage of bolus 1 with fluid 1-
A face-shaped bolus produced by placing 3,600 parts by mass of edible peanut oil (specific gravity: 0.913) as fluid 1 in an acrylic resin container having a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a depth of 150 mm (inner dimensions). 1 was soaked completely. After maintaining for 3 weeks at room temperature (25 ° C.) in that state, the bolus 1 was taken out from the edible peanut oil, and the edible peanut oil adhering to the surface was removed to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 101.

  The obtained bolus 101 settled when stored in edible peanut oil having a specific gravity smaller than that of the bolus 101. Further, it has been found that when removing the bolus 101, it takes time to remove the oil.

(Example 2)
-Storage of bolus 1 with fluid 2-
A stored face-shaped bolus 102 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the edible peanut oil of Fluid 1 in Example 1 was replaced with 5,000 parts by mass of glycerin (specific gravity: 1.261) as Fluid 2. Obtained.

  The obtained bolus 102 floated when stored in glycerin having a specific gravity greater than that of the bolus 102. Further, it has been found that when removing the bolus 102, it takes time to remove glycerin.

(Example 3)
-Adjustment of fluid 3-
36 parts by mass of sodium chloride was added to 3,964 parts by mass of water, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to confirm that sodium chloride was completely dissolved. Thus, a fluid 3 of 0.9% by mass saline was obtained. The specific gravity of the saline was 1.07.

-Storage of bolus 1 with fluid 3-
A stored face-shaped bolus 103 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the edible peanut oil of Fluid 1 in Example 1 was replaced with 4000 parts by mass of 0.9% by mass saline as Fluid 3. .

Example 4
-Adjustment of fluid 4-
10 parts by mass of the preservative PROXEL LV (S) (manufactured by Lonza Japan Co., Ltd.) was added to 3,990 parts by mass of water, and after sufficient stirring, a fluid 4 of an aqueous solution containing 0.25% by mass of the preservative was obtained. The specific gravity of the preservative-containing aqueous solution was 1.01.

-Storage of bolus 1 with fluid 4-
A stored face-shaped bolus 104 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the edible peanut oil of Fluid 1 in Example 1 was replaced with 4,000 parts by mass of the preservative-containing aqueous solution as Fluid 4.

(Example 5)
-Storage of bolus 1 with fluid 5-
Except that the edible peanut oil of fluid 1 in Example 1 was replaced with a mixed liquid (specific gravity: 1.00) of 2,000 parts by weight of edible peanut oil as fluid 5 and 2,000 parts by weight of an antiseptic-containing aqueous solution. In the same manner as in Example 1, a stored face-shaped bolus 105 was obtained.

(Example 6)
-Production of polymer 1-
Polyvinylidene chloride film (trade name: New Klewrap regular, width 30 cm, manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.) is cut out 60 cm, folded in two and bound with a desktop sealer (device name: FR-200LB, manufactured by Sankoku Corporation), A bag-like polyvinylidene chloride was obtained as polymer 1. The water vapor permeability of the polymer 1 was measured by the same pressure method (apparatus name: AQUATRAN MODEL-1, manufactured by MOCON). As a result, it was 12 [g / (m ² · day)].

-Production of bolus inclusion 1-
The face-shaped bolus 1 produced in Example 1 was put into the polymer 1, and the polymer 1 was sealed with a desktop sealer to obtain a bolus inclusion 1.

-Storage of bolus inclusion 1 with fluid 4-
4,000 parts by mass of the fluid 4 was placed in an acrylic resin container having a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a depth of 150 mm (inner dimensions), and the bolus inclusion 1 produced therein was placed so as to be completely immersed therein. After maintaining for 3 weeks at room temperature (25 ° C.) in that state, the bolus inclusion 1 was taken out from the fluid 4 and the bolus 1 was taken out from the polymer 1 to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 106.

(Example 7)
-Production of polymer 2-
Biaxially stretched nylon film (ONY) (trade name: N-1100, thickness: 15 μm, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), transparent vapor-deposited film (trade name: Tech Barrier HX, manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.), and linear A low-density polyethylene film (trade name: Novatec LL, thickness: 50 μm, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) is pressure-bonded using a biaxially stretched film manufacturing apparatus (manufactured by Seika Sangyo Co., Ltd.). The obtained film was folded in half, and both ends were bound with a desktop sealer to obtain a bag-like laminate film as polymer 2. The water vapor permeability of the polymer 2 was measured in the same manner as in Example 6. As a result, it was 0.09 [g / (m ² · day)].

-Storage of bolus inclusion 2 with fluid 4-
A stored face-shaped bolus 107 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polymer 1 was changed to the polymer 2 in Example 6.

(Example 8)
-Production of polymer 3-
Put 6,400 parts by mass of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Ultrasen 725, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) into a cylindrical stainless steel can having an inner diameter of 20 cm, and heat the entire stainless steel can at 80 ° C. for 24 hours. The polymer is melted. In this, a face-shaped bolus 1 produced by the same method as that produced in Example 1 was immersed to cover the surface with the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and allowed to cool at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 3 hours. As a result, a bolus inclusion 3 coated with the polymer 3 made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a thickness of 50 μm was obtained. The water vapor permeability of the polymer 3 was measured in the same manner as in Example 6. As a result, it was 22 [g / (m ² · day)].

-Storage of bolus inclusion 3 with fluid 4-
A stored face-shaped bolus 108 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polymer 1 was changed to the polymer 3 in Example 6.

Example 9
-Production of polymer 4-
1,200 parts by mass of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (Solvine A, manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is placed in a cylindrical stainless steel can having an inner diameter of 20 cm, and toluene (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 2,400 Add part by mass and stir to disperse well. Thereto, 2,400 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is dropped to dissolve the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. Furthermore, it stirred for 2 hours in the state heated at 60 degreeC, and the methyl ethyl ketone / toluene mixed solution of the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer was obtained. In this, a face-shaped bolus 1 produced by the same method as that produced in Example 1 was dipped, the surface was coated with a copolymer, and allowed to cool at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 1 hour. A bolus inclusion 4 coated with a polymer 4 made of a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer having a thickness of 50 μm was obtained. As a result of measuring the water vapor permeability of the polymer 4 in the same manner as in Example 6, it was 8 [g / (m ² · day)].

-Storage of bolus inclusion 4 with fluid 4-
A stored face-shaped bolus 109 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the polymer 1 was changed to the polymer 4 in Example 6.

(Example 10)

-Production of bolus inclusion 5-
The bolus inclusion 4 in Example 9 was tied to nylon tegus (diameter: 0.91 mm, manufactured by Matsuura Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain a bolus inclusion 5.

-Storage of bolus inclusion 5 with fluid 1-
Place 3,600 parts by mass of fluid 13 in an acrylic resin container of length 200 mm x width 200 mm x depth 150 mm (inner dimensions), and pull the Tegus tied with the bolus inclusion 5 produced therein from above to create a bolus. The surface of the inclusion 5 was covered with the fluid 1. After maintaining for 3 weeks at room temperature (25 ° C.) in that state, the bolus inclusion 5 was taken out from the fluid 1 and the bolus 1 was taken out from the polymer 1 to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 110.

(Example 11)
-Production of bolus inclusion 6-
In Example 6, a bolus inclusion 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that nylon tegs were tied to the end of the bolus inclusion 1.

-Storage of bolus inclusion 6 with fluid 1-
A stored face-shaped bolus 111 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that the bolus inclusion 5 was changed to the bolus inclusion 6 in Example 10.

(Example 12)
-Storage of bolus inclusion 7 with fluid 2-
Teguz (trade name: TOHO Teguz), in which 5,000 parts by mass of fluid 2 is placed in an acrylic resin container having a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a depth of 150 mm (inner dimensions), and the bolus inclusion 6 produced therein is tied. No. 4 (Toho Co., Ltd.) was combined with Shigeishi (trade name: pickles, Shigeishi, weight: 600 g, manufactured by Ikenaga Iron Works Co., Ltd.) and pulled downward to obtain a bolus inclusion 7. The surface of the bolus inclusion 7 was covered with the fluid 2. After maintaining for 3 weeks at room temperature (25 ° C.) in that state, the bolus inclusion 7 was taken out from the fluid 2 and the bolus 1 was taken out from the polymer 1 to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 112.

(Example 13)
-Storage of bolus inclusion 1 with fluid 4-
2,000 parts by mass of fluid 4 is placed in an acrylic resin container having a length of 200 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a depth of 150 mm (inner dimensions), and a bolus inclusion 1 is an acrylic plate and fluid 4 with a punched acrylic plate. Install so that it is located between. After the installation, 2,000 parts by mass of the fluid 4 was further added, and the surface of the bolus inclusion 1 was completely covered with the fluid 4 as shown in FIG. After maintaining for 3 weeks at room temperature (25 ° C.) in that state, the bolus inclusion 1 was taken out from the fluid 4 and the bolus 1 was taken out from the polymer 1 to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 113.

(Example 14)
-Preparation of liquid material 2 for modeling a three-dimensional model-
While stirring the pure water 165 parts by mass, as a water-swellable minerals _{[Mg 5.34 Li 0.66 Si 8 O} 20 (OH) 4] Na - 0.66 synthetic hectorite having a composition of (Laponite XLG, Rockwood 47 parts by mass) were added little by little and stirred for 3 hours. Furthermore, 0.7 part by mass of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added and stirred for 1 hour to obtain a dispersion.
Next, 17 parts by mass of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (manufactured by KJ Chemicals Co., Ltd.) obtained by passing an activated alumina column as a polymerizable monomer to remove the polymerization inhibitor was added to the obtained dispersion. 4 parts by mass of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2 parts by mass of light acrylate 9EG-A (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added. Furthermore, 1 part by mass of Emulgen LS-106 (manufactured by Kao Corporation) was added as a surfactant and mixed.
Next, while cooling in an ice bath, 2.4 parts by mass of a 4% by mass methanol solution of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184, manufactured by BASF) was added as a photopolymerization initiator, and after stirring and mixing, Deaeration was carried out for 20 minutes, impurities and the like were removed by filtration, and a three-dimensionally shaped liquid material 2 for modeling was obtained.

-Preparation of liquid material for forming support-
10 parts by mass of urethane acrylate (trade name: Diabeam UK6038, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.), neopentylglycol hydroxypivalate ester di (meth) acrylate as a polymerizable monomer (trade name: KAYARAD MANDA, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) 90 Using a homogenizer (device name: HG30, manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd.) with 3 parts by mass of 1 part by mass and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (trade name: Irgacure 184, manufactured by BASF) as a polymerization initiator Dispersion was performed at 2,000 rpm until a homogeneous mixture was obtained, followed by filtration to remove impurities and the like, and finally vacuum degassing was performed for 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous support modeling liquid material.

-3D bolus formation
The ink jet three-dimensional printer shown in FIG. 14 is filled with the three-dimensional object modeling liquid material 2 and the support modeling liquid material, and filled with two ink jet heads (GEN4 manufactured by Ricoh Industry Co., Ltd.). The film was formed by spraying.
For modeling, CT data of the patient's (treatment subject) face surface was used, and converted into data for 3D printing based on the CT data. Based on this data, a bolus made of hydrogel was shaped with a three-dimensional printer.
While irradiating a light amount of 350 mJ / cm ² using an ultraviolet irradiator (USHIO Corporation, SPOT CURE SP5-250DB) to cure the three-dimensional object modeling liquid material and the support modeling liquid material The bolus and the support were formed.
After the modeling, as shown in FIG. 15, the bolus 117 and the support body 118 were pulled and peeled in the horizontal direction. As a result, the support body 118 was peeled off as a unit, and the bolus 117 could be easily taken out. In this way, a face-shaped bolus 2 was formed.

-Production of bolus inclusion 8-
A bolus inclusion 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the bolus 1 was changed to the bolus 2 in Example 11.

-Storage of bolus inclusion 8 by fluid 4-
In Example 6, a face-shaped bolus 114 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the bolus inclusion 1 was changed to the bolus inclusion 8.

(Comparative Example 1)
-Preparation and storage of fluid 6-
The face-shaped bolus 1 was placed on a polypropylene (PP) flat plate as the fluid 6 and held at room temperature and humidity for 3 weeks to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 201.
The stored face shape bolus 201 was deformed by being placed on the fluid 6 for a long period of time, and its function was significantly reduced.

(Comparative Example 2)
-Preparation and storage of fluid 7-
The face-shaped bolus 1 was placed on a polypropylene (PP) hemisphere (radius 10 cm, R = 45 cm) as the fluid 7 and held at room temperature and humidity for 3 weeks to obtain a stored face-shaped bolus 202.
The stored face shape bolus 202 was deformed by being placed on the fluid 7 for a long period of time, and its function was significantly reduced.

  Next, "adhesion" and "convenience" were evaluated using the obtained bolus and fluid. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

(Adhesion)
As shown in FIG. 9, the stored face shape bolus is placed on the surface of the patient's body (affected part) and positioned with a digital camera (device name: CX6, manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd.). The contact area was measured by analyzing with processing software (software name: PhotoShop, manufactured by Adobe Systems Inc.). Using the same measurement procedure three times, using the maximum value of the obtained measurement results, the adhesion rate (%) was calculated according to the following formula 1, and the “adhesion” was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. In addition, if “adhesion” is “◯” or more, it is a level with no problem in use.
Adhesion rate (%) = {(contact area (mm ² )) / (area of the bottom surface of the bolus (mm ² ))} × 100 Formula 1
[Evaluation criteria]
◎: 95% or more ○: 80% or more and less than 95% ×: less than 80%

(Convenience)
Based on the following evaluation criteria, the complexity of the fluid removal process that takes the bolus from the state in which it was put into the fluid until it is used by the patient is considered “convenience” from storage to use. "Convenience" was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 below. If “convenience” is “◯”, it is at a level where there is no problem in use.
[Evaluation criteria]
○: The fluid can be easily removed from the bolus. Δ: The fluid cannot be easily removed from the bolus. Note that the bolus produced in the example and the surface shape of the body surface of the patient followed. This was confirmed visually.

  From the result of Examples 1-14, it turned out that the bolus after storage is excellent in the adhesiveness to a patient's body surface part.

As an aspect of this invention, it is as follows, for example.
<1> It is a set of a three-dimensional object and a fluid, characterized by having a three-dimensional object and a fluid covering at least a part of the three-dimensional object.
<2> The three-dimensional structure and the fluid set according to <1>, wherein the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.75 to 1.25 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure.
<3> The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to <2>, wherein the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.83 to 1.16 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure.
<4> The set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid according to <3>, wherein the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.91 to 1.02 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional object.
<5> The three-dimensional object and the fluid set according to <4>, wherein the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.97 to 1.0 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional object.
<6> The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of <1> to <5>, further including a polymer between the three-dimensional structure and the fluid.
<7> The three-dimensional structure and fluid set according to <6>, wherein the water vapor permeability of the polymer is 1,000 [g / (m ² · day)] or less.
<8> The three-dimensional structure according to <7>, wherein the water vapor permeability of the polymer is 0.01 [g / (m ² · day)] or more and 100 [g / (m ² · day)] or less. A set of fluids.
<9> The polymer is polyester, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), vinyl chloride-acetic acid. From <6> to <6>, which is at least one selected from vinyl copolymers, cellophane, acetate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, nylon, polyimide, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, fluororesin, paraffin wax, and modified products thereof 8> is a set of a three-dimensional structure and a fluid.
<10> The three-dimensional structure and the fluid set according to any one of <1> to <9>, wherein the three-dimensional structure is in a state of floating in the fluid.
<11> A set of the three-dimensional object and fluid according to any one of <1> to <10>, wherein the three-dimensional object has a hardness of 60 or less.
<12> The fluid is a set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid according to any one of <1> to <11>, which covers the entire surface of the three-dimensional object.
<13> Any one of <1> to <12>, wherein the fluid is at least one selected from a plastic fluid, a quasi (pseudo) viscous fluid, a quasi (pseudo) plastic fluid, a dilatant fluid, and a Newtonian fluid It is a set of a three-dimensional modeled object and a fluid.
<14> The three-dimensional structure and fluid according to any one of <1> to <13>, wherein the fluid is at least one selected from edible peanut oil, glycerin, physiological saline, and a preservative-containing aqueous solution. A set of bodies.
<15> The set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid according to any one of <1> to <14>, wherein the three-dimensional object is a bolus having a shape along a body surface part to be irradiated with a patient's radiation. It is.
<16> The three-dimensional structure is a set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of <1> to <15>, wherein the three-dimensional structure includes a hydrogel.
<17> A method for storing a three-dimensional structure, wherein at least a part of the three-dimensional structure is covered with a fluid.
<18> The method for storing a three-dimensional structure according to <17>, wherein the fluid is at least one selected from edible oil, glycerin, physiological saline, and a preservative-containing aqueous solution.
<19> A fluid that covers at least a part of the three-dimensional structure that stores the three-dimensional structure,
The fluid is characterized in that the specific gravity of the fluid is in the range of 0.75 to 1.25 times the specific gravity of the three-dimensional structure.
<20> The fluid according to <19>, wherein the three-dimensional modeled object is a bolus having a shape along a body surface part to be irradiated with a patient.
<21> The fluid according to any one of <19> to <20>, wherein the fluid is at least one selected from edible oil, glycerin, physiological saline, and a preservative-containing aqueous solution.

  From the set of the three-dimensional structure according to any one of <1> to <16> and the fluid, the method for storing the three-dimensional structure according to any one of <17> to <18>, and the above <19> According to the fluid according to any one of <21>, the conventional problems can be solved and the object of the present invention can be achieved.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-26994 Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-47030 Japanese Patent No. 2999184 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-115897

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Three-dimensional molded object 12 Fluid 14 Bag-shaped polymer 15 Film polymer 16, 17, 18 Holding member 21, 117 Bolus 22 Patient's body surface part 34 Three-dimensional bolus for breast

Claims (9)

  A set of a three-dimensional object and a fluid, comprising: a three-dimensional object and a fluid covering at least a part of the three-dimensional object.   The set of the three-dimensional object and the fluid according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity of the fluid is 0.75 times or more and 1.25 times or less with respect to the specific gravity of the three-dimensional object.   The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a polymer between the three-dimensional structure and the fluid.   The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the three-dimensional structure is in a state of floating in the fluid.   The set of the three-dimensional object and fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the three-dimensional object has a hardness of 60 or less.   The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fluid covers the entire surface of the three-dimensional structure.   The three-dimensional modeled object and fluid set according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the three-dimensional modeled object is a bolus having a shape along a body surface part to be irradiated with radiation of a patient.   The set of the three-dimensional structure and the fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the three-dimensional structure includes a hydrogel.   A method for storing a three-dimensional structure, wherein at least a part of the three-dimensional structure is covered with a fluid.

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