JP2018147824A - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
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- JP2018147824A JP2018147824A JP2017044100A JP2017044100A JP2018147824A JP 2018147824 A JP2018147824 A JP 2018147824A JP 2017044100 A JP2017044100 A JP 2017044100A JP 2017044100 A JP2017044100 A JP 2017044100A JP 2018147824 A JP2018147824 A JP 2018147824A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、燃料電池システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
燃料電池の電位を下げることで燃料電池の触媒の表面の酸化被膜を除去し、触媒の活性を回復させるリフレッシュ処理を行う燃料電池システムが開示されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 There has been disclosed a fuel cell system that performs a refresh process for removing the oxide film on the surface of the catalyst of the fuel cell by lowering the potential of the fuel cell and recovering the activity of the catalyst (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
上記燃料電池システムでは、短期的にみると、リフレッシュ処理により燃料電池の触媒の活性が回復する。しかし、長期的にみると、燃料電池の電位を低電位にするリフレッシュ処理が繰り返されることで、触媒粒子が粗大化して触媒の表面積が小さくなり、初期性能を発揮し得なくなるおそれがある。 In the fuel cell system, the activity of the catalyst of the fuel cell is restored by the refresh process in the short term. However, in the long term, when the refresh process for lowering the potential of the fuel cell is repeated, the catalyst particles are coarsened and the surface area of the catalyst is reduced, so that the initial performance may not be exhibited.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、燃料電池の初期性能を維持させつつ、燃料電池の触媒を活性化させることが可能な燃料電池システムを提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of activating the catalyst of the fuel cell while maintaining the initial performance of the fuel cell.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の燃料電池システムは、
移動体に搭載される燃料電池システムであって、
燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池の電位を下げて前記燃料電池の触媒を活性化させるリフレッシュ処理を実行させる制御部と、
前記移動体の目的地までの距離の情報を取得して前記制御部へ送信する距離情報取得部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記距離情報取得部から送信される距離の情報に基づいて、前記移動体の目的地までの距離が予め設定された閾値を超える場合に前記リフレッシュ処理を実行し、前記移動体の目的地までの距離が前記閾値以下である場合に前記リフレッシュ処理の実行を禁止する。
In order to achieve the above object, the fuel cell system of the present invention comprises:
A fuel cell system mounted on a moving body,
A fuel cell;
A control unit for executing a refresh process for lowering the potential of the fuel cell and activating the catalyst of the fuel cell;
A distance information acquisition unit that acquires information on the distance to the destination of the mobile body and transmits the information to the control unit;
With
The control unit executes the refresh process when the distance to the destination of the mobile body exceeds a preset threshold based on the distance information transmitted from the distance information acquisition unit, and the mobile body When the distance to the destination is less than or equal to the threshold, execution of the refresh process is prohibited.
本発明の燃料電池システムによれば、移動体が目的地に到着し、燃料電池の発電が停止されると、次の始動までの間に燃料電池の電位が下がり、燃料電池の触媒が活性化する。したがって、移動体の目的地までの距離が閾値以下の場合にリフレッシュ処理を禁止することにより、リフレッシュ処理の回数を減らすことができる。そのため、初期性能を維持させつつ、触媒を活性化させることができる。 According to the fuel cell system of the present invention, when the moving body arrives at the destination and the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped, the potential of the fuel cell is lowered before the next start, and the catalyst of the fuel cell is activated. To do. Therefore, the number of refresh processes can be reduced by prohibiting the refresh process when the distance to the destination of the moving object is equal to or smaller than the threshold. Therefore, the catalyst can be activated while maintaining the initial performance.
本発明の燃料電池システムによれば、燃料電池の初期性能を維持させつつ、燃料電池の触媒を活性化させることができる。 According to the fuel cell system of the present invention, the catalyst of the fuel cell can be activated while maintaining the initial performance of the fuel cell.
本発明に係る燃料電池システムの一実施の形態を説明する。以下、この燃料電池システムを燃料電池車両の車載発電システムに適用した場合について説明するが、本発明はこのような適用例に限らず、船舶，航空機，電車、歩行ロボット等のあらゆる移動体への適用も可能である。 An embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, the case where this fuel cell system is applied to an in-vehicle power generation system of a fuel cell vehicle will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to such an application example, and is applicable to all moving objects such as ships, airplanes, trains, and walking robots. Application is also possible.
図１は、本実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を説明するブロック図である。
図１に示すように、燃料電池システム１０は、主に、燃料電池１１、ＦＤＣ１２、ＰＣＵ１３及びモータ１４を備えている。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell system 10 mainly includes a fuel cell 11, an FDC 12, a PCU 13, and a motor 14.
燃料電池１１は、反応ガスである水素と空気に含まれる酸素とを電気化学反応させて発電する複数のセルを有している。燃料電池１１には、反応ガスとしての水素を貯留した水素タンク(図示略)から水素が供給され、エアコンプレッサ（図示略）により大気中の空気が圧縮され、反応ガスとしての酸素が供給される。 The fuel cell 11 has a plurality of cells that generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen, which is a reaction gas, and oxygen contained in the air. Hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 11 from a hydrogen tank (not shown) that stores hydrogen as a reaction gas, air in the atmosphere is compressed by an air compressor (not shown), and oxygen as a reaction gas is supplied. .
ＦＤＣ１２は、燃料電池１１からの出力を昇圧等するコンバータである。ＰＣＵ１３は、燃料電池１１からのモータ１４への電力量を制御する。モータ１４は、燃料電池システム１０を搭載している車両のタイヤを駆動させて、車両を走行させるモータである。 The FDC 12 is a converter that boosts the output from the fuel cell 11. The PCU 13 controls the amount of power from the fuel cell 11 to the motor 14. The motor 14 is a motor that drives a tire of a vehicle on which the fuel cell system 10 is mounted to drive the vehicle.
また、燃料電池システム１０は、ＦＣＥＣＵ（制御部）２１及びカーナビＥＣＵ（距離情報取得部）２２を備えている。ＦＣＥＣＵ２１は、燃料電池１１への水素及び空気の供給量等を調整することで、燃料電池１１の出力を制御する。カーナビＥＣＵ２２は、車両に搭載されたナビゲーションシステムの制御部であり、車両の位置及び入力された目的地の情報から車両の目的地までの距離の情報を取得してＦＣＥＣＵ２１へ送信する。 The fuel cell system 10 includes an FCECU (control unit) 21 and a car navigation ECU (distance information acquisition unit) 22. The FC ECU 21 controls the output of the fuel cell 11 by adjusting the supply amount of hydrogen and air to the fuel cell 11. The car navigation ECU 22 is a control unit of a navigation system mounted on the vehicle, and acquires information on the distance from the vehicle position and the input destination information to the destination of the vehicle and transmits the information to the FC ECU 21.
燃料電池システム１０では、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１が、所定のタイミングで燃料電池１１のセルの電位を還元電位（リフレッシュ電位）まで所定時間（リフレッシュ時間）引き下げることによって、燃料電池１１のカソードの触媒に生じる酸化被膜を分解、除去して触媒活性を回復させるリフレッシュ処理を実行する。このリフレッシュ処理が実行されることで、燃料電池１１の発電効率低下が抑制され、高い発電効率が得られる。 In the fuel cell system 10, the FC ECU 21 reduces the potential of the cell of the fuel cell 11 to a reduction potential (refresh potential) for a predetermined time (refresh time) at a predetermined timing, thereby forming an oxide film generated on the catalyst of the cathode of the fuel cell 11. A refresh process is performed to recover the catalytic activity by decomposing and removing. By performing this refresh process, a decrease in power generation efficiency of the fuel cell 11 is suppressed, and high power generation efficiency is obtained.
ところで、燃料電池１１は出力の電位を低電位にするリフレッシュ処理が繰り返されると、触媒粒子が粗大化して触媒の表面積が小さくなる。このため、リフレッシュ処理が実行され過ぎると、燃料電池１１の触媒が初期性能を発揮しなくなり、効率低下を招くおそれがある。 By the way, when the refresh process in which the output potential of the fuel cell 11 is lowered is repeated, the catalyst particles become coarse and the surface area of the catalyst becomes small. For this reason, if the refresh process is performed too much, the catalyst of the fuel cell 11 does not exhibit the initial performance, and there is a possibility that the efficiency is reduced.
このため、本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１０では、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１がリフレッシュ処理の実行を抑えるべく、リフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御を行う。 For this reason, in the fuel cell system 10 according to the present embodiment, the FC ECU 21 performs execution determination control of the refresh process so as to suppress the execution of the refresh process.
次に、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１によるリフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御について説明する。
図２は、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１によるリフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御について説明するフローチャートである。
Next, the refresh determination execution determination control by the FC ECU 21 will be described.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining execution determination control of the refresh process by the FC ECU 21.
燃料電池１１にリフレッシュ処理が必要か否かのリフレッシュ要否判定を行う（ステップＳＰ１）。このリフレッシュ要否判定（ステップＳＰ１）は、例えば、所定の電圧値を基準にして行われる。このリフレッシュ要否判定において、リフレッシュ処理が必要でなければ（ステップＳＰ１：ＮＯ）、リフレッシュ処理を実行せず（ステップＳＰ２）、リフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御を終了する。 It is determined whether or not the fuel cell 11 needs to be refreshed (step SP1). This refresh necessity determination (step SP1) is performed based on a predetermined voltage value, for example. In this refresh necessity determination, if the refresh process is not necessary (step SP1: NO), the refresh process is not executed (step SP2), and the execution determination control of the refresh process is terminated.
リフレッシュ要否判定でリフレッシュ処理が必要と判定すると（ステップＳＰ１：ＹＥＳ）、予め定められた設定頻度のタイミングか否かの設定頻度タイミング判定を行う（ステップＳＰ３）。この設定頻度タイミング判定において、リフレッシュ処理の設定頻度のタイミングでなければ（ステップＳＰ３：ＮＯ）、リフレッシュ処理を実行せず（ステップＳＰ２）、リフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御を終了する。 If it is determined in the refresh necessity determination that the refresh process is necessary (step SP1: YES), a setting frequency timing determination is made as to whether or not it is a predetermined setting frequency timing (step SP3). If it is not the timing of the setting frequency of the refresh process in this setting frequency timing determination (step SP3: NO), the refresh process is not executed (step SP2), and the execution determination control of the refresh process is terminated.
設定頻度タイミング判定でリフレッシュ処理のタイミングであると判定すると（ステップＳＰ３：ＹＥＳ）、カーナビＥＣＵ２２から送信された距離の情報に基づいて、車両の目的地までの距離が所定の閾値を超えているか否かの残距離判定を行う（ステップＳＰ４）。この残距離判定において、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１は、車両の目的地までの距離と予め設定された閾値とを比較する。そして、車両の目的地までの距離が閾値以下である場合は（ステップＳＰ４：ＮＯ）、リフレッシュ処理を実行せず（ステップＳＰ２）、リフレッシュ処理の実行判断制御を終了する。 If it is determined in the setting frequency timing determination that it is the timing of the refresh process (step SP3: YES), whether or not the distance to the destination of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined threshold based on the distance information transmitted from the car navigation ECU 22 The remaining distance is determined (step SP4). In this remaining distance determination, the FC ECU 21 compares the distance to the destination of the vehicle with a preset threshold value. When the distance to the destination of the vehicle is equal to or less than the threshold (step SP4: NO), the refresh process is not executed (step SP2), and the refresh process execution determination control is terminated.
残距離判定で車両の目的地までの距離が閾値を越えていると判定すると（ステップＳＰ４：ＹＥＳ）、リフレッシュ処理を実行する（ステップＳＰ５）。 If it is determined in the remaining distance determination that the distance to the vehicle destination exceeds the threshold (step SP4: YES), a refresh process is executed (step SP5).
なお、予め設定された閾値は、例えば、最後に実行されたリフレッシュ処理から燃料電池１１のセルの触媒が十分に発電の性能を発揮し得る距離である。 Note that the preset threshold value is, for example, a distance at which the cell catalyst of the fuel cell 11 can sufficiently exhibit power generation performance from the refresh process executed last.
次に、上記の燃料電池システム１０を搭載した燃料電池車両におけるリフレッシュ処理の実行例について説明する。
図３は、燃料電池の出力の電位を示すグラフである。
Next, an execution example of the refresh process in the fuel cell vehicle equipped with the fuel cell system 10 will be described.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the output potential of the fuel cell.
燃料電池システム１０を搭載した車両が目的地へ到達し、その後、再出発して他の目的地へ移動する場合、図３に示すように、燃料電池システム１０は、通常運転（図３中Ａで示す時間帯）から終了処理及び始動処理が行われ（図３中Ｂで示す時間帯）、その後、通常運転（図３中Ｃで示す時間帯）となる。 When the vehicle equipped with the fuel cell system 10 reaches the destination, and then restarts and moves to another destination, as shown in FIG. 3, the fuel cell system 10 is in normal operation (A in FIG. 3). The end process and the start process are performed from the time zone indicated by (time zone indicated by B in FIG. 3), and then normal operation (time zone indicated by C in FIG. 3) is entered.
このように運転される燃料電池システム１０では、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１は、以下のような制御を行う。 In the fuel cell system 10 operated in this way, the FC ECU 21 performs the following control.
通常運転（図３中Ａで示す時間帯）において、車両の目的地までの距離が閾値を越えている場合、予め設定されたタイミングＴｒで必要時にリフレッシュ処理が行われる。これにより、燃料電池１１のセル電位が設定されたタイミングＴｒで還元電位（リフレッシュ電位）まで引き下げられる。 In normal operation (time zone indicated by A in FIG. 3), when the distance to the destination of the vehicle exceeds the threshold value, refresh processing is performed when necessary at a preset timing Tr. Accordingly, the fuel cell 11 is pulled down to the reduction potential (refresh potential) at the timing Tr when the cell potential is set.
これに対して、目的地までの距離が閾値以下となると、ＦＣＥＣＵ２１は、リフレッシュ処理の実行を禁止する。その後、車両が目的地に到達することで、燃料電池システム１０では、運転の終了処理がタイミングＴｅで実行される。すると、燃料電池１１は、運転の終了に伴ってセルの電位が還元電位（リフレッシュ電位）よりも下げられることとなる。これにより、燃料電池１１は、リフレッシュ処理が行われることなく、リフレッシュ処理と同等に触媒が活性化されることとなる。 On the other hand, when the distance to the destination is equal to or less than the threshold value, the FC ECU 21 prohibits execution of the refresh process. Thereafter, when the vehicle reaches the destination, in the fuel cell system 10, a driving end process is executed at timing Te. Then, in the fuel cell 11, the cell potential is lowered below the reduction potential (refresh potential) as the operation ends. As a result, in the fuel cell 11, the catalyst is activated in the same manner as the refresh process without the refresh process being performed.
燃料電池システム１０の運転の始動処理が行われて運転がタイミングＴｓで再開されて通常運転（図３中Ｃで示す時間帯）されることで、燃料電池１１のセルの電位が上げられる。その後、目的地までの距離が閾値を越えている場合は、予め設定されたタイミングＴｒで必要時にリフレッシュ処理が行われ、燃料電池１１のセルの電位が還元電位（リフレッシュ電位）まで引き下げられる。 The starting process of the operation of the fuel cell system 10 is performed, the operation is restarted at the timing Ts, and the normal operation (time period indicated by C in FIG. 3) is performed, so that the potential of the cell of the fuel cell 11 is raised. Thereafter, when the distance to the destination exceeds the threshold value, refresh processing is performed as necessary at a preset timing Tr, and the cell potential of the fuel cell 11 is lowered to the reduction potential (refresh potential).
このように、本実施形態に係る燃料電池システム１０によれば、車両が目的地に到着し、燃料電池１１の発電が停止されると、次の始動までの間に燃料電池１１の電位が下がり、燃料電池１１の触媒が活性化する。したがって、車両の目的地までの距離が閾値以下の場合にリフレッシュ処理を禁止することにより、リフレッシュ処理の回数を減らすことができる。つまり、車両が目的地に近付いた場合にリフレッシュ処理の頻度を抑えることで、燃料電池１１の触媒の劣化を抑制することができる。そのため、初期性能を維持させつつ、触媒を活性化させることができる。 Thus, according to the fuel cell system 10 according to the present embodiment, when the vehicle arrives at the destination and the power generation of the fuel cell 11 is stopped, the potential of the fuel cell 11 decreases until the next start. The catalyst of the fuel cell 11 is activated. Therefore, by prohibiting the refresh process when the distance to the destination of the vehicle is equal to or less than the threshold value, the number of refresh processes can be reduced. That is, when the vehicle approaches the destination, the deterioration of the catalyst of the fuel cell 11 can be suppressed by suppressing the frequency of the refresh process. Therefore, the catalyst can be activated while maintaining the initial performance.
１０ 燃料電池システム
１１ 燃料電池
２１ ＦＣＥＣＵ（制御部）
２２ カーナビＥＣＵ（距離情報取得部）
10 Fuel Cell System 11 Fuel Cell 21 FCECU (Control Unit)
22 Car navigation ECU (distance information acquisition unit)
Claims (1)
燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池の電位を下げて前記燃料電池の触媒を活性化させるリフレッシュ処理を実行させる制御部と、
前記移動体の目的地までの距離の情報を取得して前記制御部へ送信する距離情報取得部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記距離情報取得部から送信される距離の情報に基づいて、前記移動体の目的地までの距離が予め設定された閾値を超える場合に前記リフレッシュ処理を実行し、前記移動体の目的地までの距離が前記閾値以下である場合に前記リフレッシュ処理の実行を禁止する、燃料電池システム。 A fuel cell system mounted on a moving body,
A fuel cell;
A control unit for executing a refresh process for lowering the potential of the fuel cell and activating the catalyst of the fuel cell;
A distance information acquisition unit that acquires information on the distance to the destination of the mobile body and transmits the information to the control unit;
With
The control unit executes the refresh process when the distance to the destination of the mobile body exceeds a preset threshold based on the distance information transmitted from the distance information acquisition unit, and the mobile body A fuel cell system that prohibits execution of the refresh process when the distance to the destination is less than or equal to the threshold value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013232361A (en) * | 2012-05-01 | 2013-11-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
| JP2014183676A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system, and control method for fuel cell system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013232361A (en) * | 2012-05-01 | 2013-11-14 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
| JP2014183676A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system, and control method for fuel cell system |
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