JP2018141117A - Gasificating apparatus for waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for liquefying a waste which simply and quickly converts a waste of polymer hydrocarbon compound into a useful fuel such as kerosine, light oil and so on.SOLUTION: An apparatus of the present invention comprises: first transfer means 2 for transferring a crude material M to the lower side of a reservoir 1; a melting tank 3 filled with a melting liquid 4 which is installed on a termination unit of the first transfer means, a collecting tank 5 for collecting a primary oil product which is connected to the upper part of the melting tank; a fractionating tank 8 connected to a termination unit of the collecting tank; a liquid medium 9 for obtaining a secondary oil product from the primary oil product which is installed in the fractionating tank.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to a power generation device that can easily and quickly be converted into useful fuel using waste such as waste plastic, waste tires, and waste substrates.

Conventionally, several oil converting apparatuses for obtaining fuel such as kerosene from waste have been proposed.
For example, crushed waste is put into a batch-type dry distillation kiln, 800 ° C high-temperature hot air is applied for a long time, 800 ° C high-temperature nitrogen gas is blown to cool the carbonized or vaporized mixed gas, and mixed oil and oil components There are known devices for recovering.
However, these conventional devices have many problems. In the treatment of polymer hydrocarbon compounds (tires / waste plastics), after crushing, separating, washing and drying, the amount of each batch is put into a cracking kettle, and hot air is blown indirectly or directly so that the gas conduction in the furnace gradually increases. However, it took a lot of time and fuel consumption because the waste was melted and gasified.
In addition, the speed at which heat is transferred to the polymer hydrocarbon compound is not constant, and it takes a very long time. The furnace body of the cracking kettle also becomes hot and cracked, requiring a large amount of cooling device and cooling water.
Furthermore, since the polymer hydrocarbon compound is decomposed (dissolved) unevenly as a composite gas of carbon 1 to carbon 100 or more, the gas generated therefrom is generated as a mixed gas having a complicated and uneven molecular structure.
The high molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds scattered in the market are various forms of compounds, so there is variation until they evaporate and vaporize, and even when cooled, there was a state where only malicious oil could be recovered The most difficult state When the operation of the apparatus was stopped at an insufficient stage due to unstable melting, cracking or tar-like unmelted material accumulated in the furnace and adhered to the pipes, causing a failure.
In addition, nickel or zeolite was used as a catalyst at the time of recovery, and efforts were made to correct instability, but the composition of the recovered oil was subject to variations due to the tendency to lose activity due to the intervention of chloride ions such as PVC. There was a defect that could not be recovered.
The biggest problem is that a large amount of energy was required, and many of the plants were not economical because of cost effectiveness. In this industry, kerosene and light oil were easily and quickly extracted from waste. There has been a strong demand for the emergence of a waste oiling device that can be converted into a useful fuel.

JP 2006-348104 JP 2007-246665 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned demands, and by simply putting waste into a melting pot containing a liquid heated to a high temperature and burning the gasified one, it is easily converted into a useful fuel. An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion or power generation device for waste that can be generated.

The means of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is as follows:
A storage tank for storing the raw material, a first transfer means provided below the storage tank for transferring the raw material, a melting tank provided at a terminal portion of the first transfer means, and provided in the melting tank. A high temperature melt for melting the raw material and a primary oil product vaporized in the melt tank connected to the upper part of the melt tank and recovered or burned, or a gas power generation apparatus using the same. Fills the inside with an inert gas.
A high-frequency transmission means for irradiating the vaporized first oil product linked to the melting tank is provided.

この融解液（錫）を使用することにより、投入された原料である高分子炭化水素は溶融槽内において瞬時に昇華（気化）するので、装置の連続運転と固形物である原料に対する熱伝導促進が計れて大量処理が可能となる。なお、全ての高分子炭化水素（原料）は３８０℃周域にて昇華するため５２０℃の高温でも昇華（気化）しない溶液（錫）が使用される。
前記した回収槽は、溶融槽の上部にパイプライン等の移送路により接続して、該溶融槽内において気化された一次油生成物を回収する。この一次油生成物は複数の炭化水素からなる混合ガスである。この状態のガスを燃焼させる。
なお、溶融槽と回収槽との移送路において一次油生成物の冷却手段を設ける。
前記した分留槽は、回収槽の終端部にパイプライン等
、処理される原料は、高分子炭化水素化合物を含有する廃棄物が混在するもので、溶融槽の底部に落下した該原料内の固形物，例えば、金属物やセラミック等は、アルゴンガスに満たされたスクリューコンベア等の第二移送手段により分解槽の最上部へ運ばれる
一方、原料の付着していた油成分はすべて気化した状態にて分解槽の最上部へと昇華し一次油生成物として移送される。
なお、分解槽の底部に移送された原料中の金属固形分は上向き傾斜に（角度約３０度程度）に設置されたスクリューコンベア等の第二移送手段により外部に排出される。その際、この第二移送手段１７内に収容されたアルゴンガスは１０℃に冷却されていて、該第二移送手段内部を逆流させることにより、この第二移送手段内部と外部（外気）との空気接触を遮断
すなわち、上部に接続した配管により各反応槽内部へ一次油生成物が移送され、これら内部において、複合ガスとなる、。Next, an embodiment of the waste oil converting apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, A is a waste vaporizer, which is a storage tank 1 for storing a raw material M, a first transfer means 2, a melting tank 3, a melt 4, a recovery tank 5, and a fractionation tank 8. And a liquid medium 9.
The raw material M is a polymer hydrocarbon compound, such as tires, waste plastic, asphalt, waste oil, tanker bilge, oil sand, etc., building waste materials containing the aforementioned compounds, wood, bamboo, plywood, organic waste, etc. It is so-called waste.
In detail, carbonization of carbonized waste materials (including building waste wood, bamboo, plywood, organic waste foods), carbonize plant, and sublimation at a constant temperature by continuously introducing materials that are difficult to separate from building waste or rubble. Solids that are allowed to carbonize or not reach the melting temperature are discharged as is. It is a gasification of polymer hydrocarbons (waste tires, oil sands, waste plastics, asphalt, crude bilgy coal), and is used for liquefaction of hydrocarbons (methane gas containing hydrogen sulfide generated from natural gas or manure waste).
This raw material is previously crushed to 10 to 20 cm by a conventional crushing means.
The storage tank contains the crushed raw material, and in order to make the raw material oxygen-free, the storage tank is filled with a separating liquid such as oil and brought into contact with air to be deoxygenated. is there.
The above-mentioned first transfer means 2 uses a screw conveyor or the like to provide the lower side of the storage tank and transfer the raw material to the melting tank described later. In order to perform a safe operation in all steps, The interior is filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas to provide an explosion-proof action.
The melting tank described above is connected to the terminal portion of the first transfer means, receives the raw material conveyed to the charging unit provided at the upper part of the melting tank, dissolves it, and sublimates (vaporizes) the raw material to produce a primary oil product. The inside is filled with a high-temperature melt in a volume about half that of the melting tank.
Sn tin is used for this melt. Tin has a melting point of 231.97 ° C. and a boiling point of 2270 ° C. It is a feature of the present invention that this characteristic is utilized.
It performs thermal decomposition in the heat treatment process of the melting tank, and the melt (tin)

By using this molten liquid (tin), the polymer hydrocarbon that is the raw material charged is instantly sublimated (vaporized) in the melting tank. Can be processed in large quantities. In addition, since all the polymer hydrocarbons (raw materials) are sublimated in a peripheral region of 380 ° C., a solution (tin) that does not sublime (vaporize) even at a high temperature of 520 ° C. is used.
The recovery tank described above is connected to the upper part of the melting tank by a transfer path such as a pipeline, and recovers the primary oil product vaporized in the melting tank. The primary oil product is a mixed gas composed of a plurality of hydrocarbons. The gas in this state is burned.
In addition, a cooling means for the primary oil product is provided in the transfer path between the melting tank and the recovery tank.
In the fractionating tank described above, the raw material to be processed is a mixture of waste containing a polymer hydrocarbon compound, such as a pipeline at the end of the recovery tank. Solids, such as metal and ceramics, are transported to the top of the decomposition tank by a second transfer means such as a screw conveyor filled with argon gas, while all the oil components adhering to the raw material are vaporized And sublimates to the top of the cracking tank and is transferred as a primary oil product.
In addition, the metal solid content in the raw material transferred to the bottom part of the decomposition tank is discharged to the outside by a second transfer means such as a screw conveyor installed in an upward inclination (an angle of about 30 degrees). At this time, the argon gas accommodated in the second transfer means 17 is cooled to 10 ° C., and the inside of the second transfer means is caused to flow backward, so that the inside of the second transfer means and the outside (outside air) are Air contact is cut off, that is, the primary oil product is transferred to the inside of each reaction tank by a pipe connected to the upper portion, and becomes a composite gas inside these.

Experimental example 1

The following method was used to sublimate (vaporize) a 20 cm × 18 cm × 8 cm tire. Argon gas at 750 ° C. was blown directly onto the tire (when not put into a sealing machine). As a result, odor was generated at 12 minutes and dissolution started at 52 minutes. Argon gas at 750 ° C. was blown directly onto the tire. (When put in an airtight container, 700 ° C. in the cabinet) As a result, dissolution started in 17 minutes. The tire was placed in a liquid at 500 ° C. Results Sublimation (vaporization) was instantaneous at 0.25 seconds. At that time, a temperature drop of 2 ° C. was observed instantaneously. Therefore, it was confirmed by experiments that it is most efficient to put the molten liquid (tin) into a melting tank heated to 480 ° C. to 520 ° C., compared to the conventional method of melting at a furnace temperature of 750 ° C. . As for the effect, the efficiency more than 1000 times that of the prior art was found, and the heat source or the heat efficiency was remarkable. In addition, the extraction fuel can recover very pure oil, and the obvious effect was elucidated.
The embodiment of the present invention does not gasify the solid state of the polymer hydrocarbon compound over time, but puts the object (solid / fluid) that is the polymer hydrocarbon compound into the high-temperature liquid of the melting kiln. By this, it is a device that applies the phase principle that instantaneously sublimates (vaporizes).
Instead of dry distillation in a hot gas region, a method of instantaneous sublimation was selected by putting it in a high temperature liquid.
The polymer hydrocarbon compound is vaporized and becomes a plurality of hydrocarbons. However, since this gas is a mixed gas, the hydrocarbon structure has a certain uniform carbon and four carbon atoms by electrolysis using a microwave. By becoming a hydrogen compound attached to the arm, it is linked to the latter half of the electronic bond.
For safety in this series of work processes, oxygen-free deoxygenation is an indispensable condition. At the time of decomposition of hydrocarbons, there is a risk of explosion by combining with oxygen. For that purpose, nitrogen gas or argon gas is introduced as an inert gas throughout the entire process, making it safe as an explosion-proof facility.

Effect of the invention

  As described above, the waste oil-producing apparatus of the present invention can easily and quickly convert a polymer hydrocarbon compound waste into a useful gas fuel. It has a special effect such as.

It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly one Example of the oil-ized apparatus of the waste regarding this invention.

A Waste gasifier M Raw material 1 Storage tank 2 First transfer means 3 Melting tank 4 Melting liquid (tin)
5 Recovery tank 6 Transfer path 8 Fractionation tank 9 Liquid medium 20 High frequency transmission means

Detailed description of the invention

  The present invention relates to a waste gasification apparatus that can easily and quickly recover gasified fuel using waste such as waste plastic and waste tires, and a gas generator that uses the produced gas fuel. The present invention also relates to a waste gasifier that is connected to a turbine generator to generate power.

  Conventionally, several gasifiers for obtaining combustible fuel from waste have been proposed. For example, in the gasification of the synthetic polymer compound-containing waste that passes through the space surrounded by the heat transfer wall, at least a part of the heavy combustible gas generated by the gasification is around the heat transfer wall, In contact with the heat transfer wall, the supplied oxidant, steam and partial combustion, a water gas reaction is caused to generate a light flammable gas, and the heat generated along with it is There is known a device that is transmitted from the outside through the heat transfer wall into the space and controlled so that the outer surface temperature of the heat transfer wall is maintained within a predetermined range by increasing or decreasing the supply amount of the steam. (For example, see Patent Document 1)

  In addition, the fuel nozzle and the oxidizer nozzle for injecting and supplying the fuel and the oxidant into the furnace main body, respectively, the fuel nozzle and the oxidizer nozzle are encircling circles surrounding the workpiece in the furnace main body In contrast, there is known an apparatus which is provided so as to form a tubular flame that is tangential to the surface and injects fuel and oxidant in the circumferential direction in the same swirling direction and swirls around the workpiece. . (For example, see Patent Document 2)

  However, these conventional devices have many problems. In other words, in the treatment of polymer hydrocarbon compounds (tires and waste plastics), after crushing separation, washing and drying, the amount of each batch is put into a cracking kettle, and hot air is blown indirectly or directly, so that the gas in the furnace The waste gradually melts and gasifies due to conduction, requiring a lot of time and fuel consumption.

  In addition, the speed at which heat is transferred to the polymer hydrocarbon compound is not constant, and it takes a very long time. The furnace body of the cracking kettle also becomes hot and cracked, requiring a large amount of cooling device and cooling water.

  Furthermore, since the polymer hydrocarbon compound is decomposed (dissolved) unevenly as a composite gas of carbon 1 to carbon 100 or more, the gas generated therefrom is generated as a mixed gas having a complicated and uneven molecular structure. The polymer hydrocarbon compounds scattered in the market are various forms of compounds, so there is variation until they evaporate and vaporize, and even if they are cooled, only malicious ones can be recovered.

  The most difficult state is unstable melting, so if the operation of the equipment is stopped at an insufficient stage, cracking or tar-like unmelted material accumulates in the furnace and adheres to the pipes, causing the failure was there. The biggest problem is that a large amount of energy was required, so many of the plants were not economical because of cost effectiveness. The advent of a waste gasifier that can be converted into fuel and recovered has been strongly desired.

JP 2006-298698 A JP 2005-028303 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned demands, and waste is put into a melting pot containing a liquid heated to a high temperature, and gasification fuel is used as useful fuel such as kerosene and light oil easily and quickly. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste gasifier that can be converted and recovered.

Means of the present invention for achieving the above-described object are as follows:
A raw material melting tank, a melt for melting the raw material provided in the melting tank, a recovery body for recovering the gasification product vaporized in the melting tank connected to the upper part of the melting tank; An inlet for charging the raw material connected to one side of the melting tank, a heat source for heating the melt in the melting tank adjacent to the melting tank, and provided on the other side of the melting tank It is the structure provided with the discharge means which discharges | emits the unnecessary material which exists in the said raw material.

A raw material melting tank, a melt for melting the raw material provided in the melting tank, a recovery body for recovering the gasification product vaporized in the melting tank connected to the upper part of the melting tank; An inlet for charging the raw material connected to one side of the melting tank, a heat source for heating the melt in the melting tank adjacent to the melting tank, and provided on the other side of the melting tank It comprises a discharging means for discharging unnecessary materials present in the raw material, and an activating means connected to the recovery body.
The melt is a liquid made of tin.

Next, an embodiment of the waste gasifier according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, A is a waste gasifier, which comprises a melting tank for a raw material M, a melt 2, a recovery body 3, an inlet 4, a heat source 5, and a discharge means 6.

  The raw material M contains and adheres a polymer hydrocarbon compound, for example, tire, waste plastic, asphalt, waste oil, palm oil, animal and vegetable waste, tanker bilge, oil sand, and the like. This is so-called waste (garbage) such as building waste, wood, bamboo, plywood, organic waste, and waste electronic boards. The oils are not necessarily used.

  More specifically, carbonization of carbonized waste materials (construction waste wood, bamboo, plywood, organic waste), carbonize plant, or sublimation at a constant temperature or carbonization by continuously introducing difficult-to-separate materials contained in building waste or rubble. Solids that do not reach the melting temperature are discharged as they are. Liquefaction of ATL polymer hydrocarbons (waste tire oil sand, waste plastics, asphalt, crude oil bilgy, coal, palm oil) and liquefaction of GTL hydrocarbons (natural gas or manure, methane gas containing hydrogen sulfide generated from filth) It is to be shared with.

  In addition, the raw material M may be in the shape and size as it is, but if necessary, it is previously crushed to 10 to 20 cm or an appropriate size by a conventional crushing means.

  The raw material M melting tank 1 receives the raw material M conveyed to the charging unit 11 provided in the upper part of the melting tank 1 and dissolves the raw material M in the interior, and sublimates (vaporizes) the raw material M to gasify it. A product E is generated, and a high-temperature melt 2 is filled in the melt tank 1 in a predetermined volume.

  The melt 2 is subjected to thermal decomposition in the heat treatment process in the melt tank 1, and the temperature of the melt 2 is set to 350 ° C. to 800 ° C. according to the melting temperature of the raw material M.

  By using the melt 2, the charged raw material M instantly sublimates (vaporizes) in the melting tank 1, so that the continuous operation of the device of the present invention and the promotion of heat conduction to the raw material M which is a solid can be measured. Mass processing is possible. In addition, since all the raw materials M sublimate in a 350 degreeC peripheral region, the solution which does not sublimate (vaporize) even at the high temperature of 800 degreeC is used.

  That is, for example, tin (Sn) is used for the melt 2. Since tin has a melting point of 231.97 ° C. and a boiling point of 2270 ° C., the use of this characteristic is a major feature of the apparatus according to the present invention.

  The reason why Sn (Tin) 50 is selected as the melt 2 is that it is shaped as a metal up to 231 ° C., but exists as a liquid up to 2270 ° C. beyond that. Therefore, all the raw materials M employed in the present embodiment evaporate as a gas at a temperature within 350 ° C. to 800 ° C.

  A feature of the embodiment of the present invention is that it is necessary to use a liquid (melt 2) that does not become a gas even when heated to 800 ° C. or higher. A melt using tin is a metal that provides the highest decomposition.

  The melt 2 in the melting tank 1 is appropriately supplemented from the replenishing tank PT by the pump P.

  Even if a substance is heated with a high-temperature gas, the heat conduction is gentle, but in a high-temperature liquid environment, the substance is instantly decomposed. This effect can be obtained in the opposite cooling reaction. Therefore, by introducing the raw material M into a tin liquid (melting solution 2) at around 500 ° C., it sublimates in an instant (for example, within 1 second). The feature / advantage of the apparatus according to the present invention is that this melt 2 is used.

  The recovery body 3 is connected to the upper part of the melting tank 1 and discharges and recovers the gasification product E from the raw material M sublimated (vaporized) in the melting tank 1 to the outside.

  This gasification product E floats on the upper surface of the melt 2 and is provided at one or a plurality of locations above the melting tank 1. In order to recover the gasification product E efficiently, the gasification product E is connected to appropriate positions of the input port 4 and the discharge means 6 described later so that the entire recovery can be performed.

  The above-described charging port 4 is used to continuously or intermittently feed the raw material M connected to one side of the melting tank 1, and is formed in a bowl shape, and its terminal part is used as the melt 2 in the melting tank 1. It corresponds.

  Further, one or a plurality of movable shields 41 are provided inside the bowl shape, and the input amount of the raw material M is appropriately adjusted. Further, a supply means (not shown) is connected to the start end side of the insertion port 4.

  The heat source 5 is adjacent to the melting tank 1 and heats the melt 2 in the melting tank 1, and a heating means 54 is provided in the housing 51. The heating means 54 is preferably a non-combustion electric heater such as a ceramic heater, but is not limited thereto.

  Then, the melt 2 heated in the casing 51 is fed into the melting tank 1 from a delivery pipe 52 provided at the upper part of the casing 51, and via a take-out pipe 53 provided at the lower part of the casing 51. By introducing the melt 2 in the melting tank 1 into the housing 51, the melt 2 is managed at a predetermined temperature by circulating the melting tank 1 and the housing 51.

  The discharge means 6 described above is provided on the other side of the melting tank 1 and discharges unnecessary solid materials such as metal and ceramic existing in the raw material M to the outside of the melting tank 1. Used.

Experimental example 1

  The following method was used to sublimate (vaporize) the tire cut into 20 cm × 18 cm × 8 cm and take out the gasified fuel. Tin, which is a melt contained in the melting tank, was heated to 500 ° C. by a heat source. When the tire was supplied into the melting tank from the charging port, the tire sublimated (vaporized) in an instant of 0.25 seconds to generate gasified fuel, and the gasified fuel was in a chimney-like shape at the top of the melting tank. It was taken out to the melting tank by passing through the collection body.

  This gasified fuel has the same effect as general-purpose fuels such as kerosene, light oil and heavy oil.

  The embodiment of the present invention does not instantly gasify the solid state of the polymer hydrocarbon compound, but instead puts the raw material, which is the polymer hydrocarbon compound, into the high-temperature liquid of the melting kiln tank. Is sublimated (vaporized).

  Instead of dry distillation in the hot gas region, an apparatus was selected that instantaneously sublimates by pouring into a hot liquid.

  For safety measures, in order to keep the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the melting tank, make 3 tanks, fill the first tank with nitrogen gas, turn the oil into the second tank, The third tank may be filled with water in order to keep the temperature at 100 ° C. or lower, and a cooling member such as a radiator may be disposed for the liquid in the second and third tanks.

  In FIG. 2, reference numeral 7 denotes an activating means, which is connected to the recovery body 3 by a connecting body 8 and feeds and drives the gasified fuel recovered by the waste gasifier A. The generator 7 can be an energy generator such as a generator that generates electric power of a predetermined voltage, an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a prime mover.

Experimental example 2

  When the gasified fuel produced in Example 1 was supplied to a general-purpose generator and the generator was operated, stable power was obtained. That is, it is possible to generate power by processing garbage. In this embodiment, a gas generator using the produced gas fuel and an apparatus for generating electricity by being connected to a turbine generator are provided.

Effect of device

  As described above, the waste gasification apparatus of the present invention can convert and recover simple, quick and inexpensive useful gasification fuel from waste of polymer hydrocarbon compounds, so-called trash, with a small-scale system. it can. Further, by connecting an activation means to the waste gasifier, simple, quick and inexpensive energy can be obtained. It has a special effect such as.

  It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the 1st Example of the waste gasification apparatus regarding this invention.   It is explanatory drawing which shows schematically the 2nd Example of the gasification apparatus of the waste regarding this invention.

A Waste gasifier M Raw material E Gasification product 1 Melting tank 2 Melted liquid 3 Recovery body 4 Input port 5 Heat source 6 Discharge means 7 Activation means

Claims (4)

  A storage tank for storing the raw material, a first transfer means provided below the storage tank for transferring the raw material, a melting tank provided at a terminal portion of the first transfer means, and provided in the melting tank. A high temperature melt for melting the raw material, a recovery tank connected to the upper part of the melting tank and recovering the primary oil product vaporized in the melting tank, and a portion connected to the end of the recovery tank A distillation tank, and a liquid medium for obtaining a secondary oil product from the primary oil product by polymerizing the primary oil product provided in the fractionation tank. Characterized waste oiling equipment.   The waste gasification apparatus, wherein the first transfer means is filled with an inert gas.   The waste gasification apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising high-frequency transmission means for irradiating the vaporized first oil product linked with the inside of the melting tank.   Tin Sn is liquefied at a high temperature as a raw material for dissolving waste containing hydrocarbon materials. The purpose is to gasify polymer hydrocarbons by passing the liquid, and composite hydrocarbons are reused as boiler fuel or gas generator fuel. Metals that do not reach the melting temperature are reclassified for resource recovery, and organics are carbonized and reused.

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