JP2018127372A - Expansive admixture for exposed concrete, and exposed concrete containing the same - Google Patents
Expansive admixture for exposed concrete, and exposed concrete containing the same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、主に建築分野に使用される打放しモルタルまたは打放しコンクリート（以下、モルタルを含めてコンクリートと云う）に使用する膨張性混和材に関し、詳しくは、表面仕上げを施さない打放しコンクリートに添加した場合において、肌荒れがなく、美観に優れた表面が得られる膨脹性混和材に関する。また、本発明は上記膨脹性混和材を用いた打放しコンクリートに関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an expansive admixture used for exposed mortar or exposed concrete (hereinafter referred to as concrete including mortar) mainly used in the construction field, and more specifically, added to exposed concrete without surface finishing. In some cases, the present invention relates to an inflatable admixture that does not cause rough skin and can provide a surface with excellent aesthetics. The present invention also relates to exposed concrete using the above expandable admixture.
従来から、コンクリートの収縮応力を緩和してひび割れの発生を抑制するために、コンクリートに膨張材等の膨張性混和材が使用されている。この膨張性混和材としては、遊離石灰の水和膨張を利用した石灰系膨張材（例えば特許文献１参照）、カルシウムサルホアルミネートなどのエトリンガイト生成物質を主成分としたエトリンガイト系膨脹材（例えば特許文献２参照）などが知られている。これら膨張材は、一般的に土木分野における一般構造物コンクリート、水理構造物などの構築、あるいはヒューム管やボックスカルバート等のコンクリート２次製品の製造に主に使用され、建築分野にはあまり多く使用されてこなかった。 Conventionally, expansive admixtures such as expansive materials have been used for concrete in order to relieve shrinkage stress of concrete and suppress the occurrence of cracks. Examples of the expansive admixture include lime-based expansive materials using hydrated expansion of free lime (see, for example, Patent Document 1), and ettringite-based expansive materials mainly composed of ettringite-producing substances such as calcium sulfoaluminate (for example, patents). Document 2) is known. These expansion materials are generally used mainly in the construction of general structural concrete and hydraulic structures in the civil engineering field, or in the production of secondary concrete products such as fume pipes and box culverts. It has not been used.
しかし最近では、コンクリート用膨張性混和材が、コンクリートのひび割れの発生を抑制することから、建築分野においても使用されることが増えてきている。一方、従来のコンクリート用膨張性混和材は、コンクリートのひび割れの発生を抑制する効果はあるものの、打放しコンクリートに使用した場合に、コンクリート表面に小さな突起粒（０．５〜１ｍｍ程度）が多数発生し、俗に言う肌荒れの様相を呈し、コンクリート表面の美観を損ねるという問題を生じる場合がみられた。 Recently, however, concrete expandable admixtures are increasingly used in the construction field because they suppress the occurrence of cracks in concrete. On the other hand, conventional expansive admixtures for concrete have the effect of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the concrete, but when used in exposed concrete, a large number of small protrusion particles (about 0.5 to 1 mm) are generated on the concrete surface. However, there were cases in which the appearance of rough skin was common, and the aesthetics of the concrete surface were impaired.
特許文献３において、膨張性焼成物の粒子含有率を規定した、温度依存性の少ない膨張性混和材が提案されている。この中で、１５０μｍを超える粒子含有率が３％未満であることが、硬化コンクリートの表面に膨張性混和材の水和により生じた消石灰による斑点や膨らみが目視で分かり難いことから好ましいことが明示されている。しかしながら、実施例に記載の１５０μｍ超の粒子含有率を１％にしたとしても、米粒状の膨れ（俗に言うポップアウト）は抑制できても、肌荒れ面を完全になくすことはできない。 Patent Document 3 proposes an expandable admixture that defines the particle content of the expandable fired product and has little temperature dependency. Among these, it is clearly indicated that the particle content exceeding 150 μm is preferably less than 3% because it is difficult to visually recognize spots and bulges due to slaked lime generated by hydration of the expandable admixture on the surface of the hardened concrete. Has been. However, even if the particle content of more than 150 μm described in the examples is set to 1%, the rough surface of the skin cannot be completely eliminated even if the rice-like swelling (pop-pop) is suppressed.
本発明は、従来の上記問題を解決したものであり、打放しコンクリートに使用した場合、コンクリートの表面の美観を損ねるような肌荒れがなく、従って、表面仕上げを行わなくともコンクリート表面の美観に優れる膨脹性混和材を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は打放しコンクリートであって、膨張性混和材を含有しており、表面の肌荒れがなく、従って、コンクリート表面の美観に優れるコンクリートを提供することを目的とする。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and when used for exposed concrete, there is no rough surface that impairs the aesthetics of the concrete surface. Therefore, the expansion is excellent in the aesthetics of the concrete surface without surface finishing. The purpose is to provide an adhesive admixture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a concrete that is expelled concrete, contains an expansive admixture, has no rough surface, and therefore has an excellent aesthetic appearance on the concrete surface.
本発明者らは、前記課題解決のため鋭意検討した結果、特定粒度の膨張物質を含有することにより、前記課題を解決することを見出し、本発明を完成させた。本発明は、以下の〔１〕〜〔３〕で表す膨張性混和材、並びに〔４〕で表す打放しコンクリートである。
〔１〕打放しコンクリートに使用する膨張性混和材であって、膨張物質を主体として、
粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、
かつ、粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下である
ことを特徴とする膨張性混和材。
〔２〕さらに、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５％以上である〔１〕の膨張性混和材。
〔３〕さらに、膨張物質のブレーン比表面積が、４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である〔１〕または〔２〕の膨張性混和材。
〔４〕〔１〕〜〔３〕のいずれか一に記載の膨張性混和材を含有する打放しコンクリート。
As a result of intensive studies for solving the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by containing an expanded substance having a specific particle size, and have completed the present invention. The present invention is an expansive admixture represented by the following [1] to [3], and an exposed concrete represented by [4].
[1] An expansive admixture used for exposed concrete, mainly composed of expansive substances,
The content of the expanding material having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less,
The expandable admixture is characterized in that the content of the expandable substance having a particle size exceeding 100 μm is 1.0% by mass or less.
[2] The expandable admixture according to [1], wherein the content of the expandable substance having a particle size of 53 μm to 100 μm is 15% or more.
[3] The expandable admixture according to [1] or [2], wherein the expanded material has a Blaine specific surface area of 4000 cm 2 / g or less.
[4] An exposed concrete containing the expandable admixture according to any one of [1] to [3].
本発明の膨張性混和材を打放しコンクリートに使用した場合、コンクリート表面の美観を損なうような肌荒れが実質的に発生しない。膨張性能も確保される。従って、膨張性混和材を添加した場合であっても、コンクリート表面の美観に優れた打放しコンクリートを形成することができる。 When the expansive admixture of the present invention is used for concrete, there is substantially no skin roughness that impairs the aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface. Expansion performance is also secured. Therefore, even when an expandable admixture is added, it is possible to form a concrete that is excellent in aesthetic appearance of the concrete surface.
本発明の膨張性混和材は、打放しコンクリートに使用する膨張性混和材であって、膨張物質を主体として、粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、かつ粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下である膨脹性混和材である。また、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５％以上である膨張性混和材である。さらに、膨張物質のブレーン比表面積が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である膨張性混和材。 The expansive admixture of the present invention is an expansive admixture used for exposed concrete, in which the content of the expansive substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less, mainly composed of the expansive substance, and The expandable admixture contains 1.0% by mass or less of the expandable substance having a diameter exceeding 100 μm. Moreover, it is an expansible admixture whose content rate of the expansive substance with a particle size of 53 micrometers-100 micrometers is 15% or more. Furthermore, the expansive admixture whose brane specific surface area of an expansive substance is 4000 cm < 2 > / g or less.
膨張性混和材に含まれる膨張物質が、粒径１５０μｍを超える膨脹物質の含有率が０．１％の場合、ポップアウトの発生を抑えることはできるが、０．５〜１ｍｍ程度の小さな突起粒（以下「小突起粒」と呼ぶことがある）の発生を十分に抑えることはできない。粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下とすることによって、コンクリート表面上の小突起粒の発生を抑制することができ、美観を損なう肌荒れのないコンクリート表面を得ることができる。 When the expandable substance contained in the expandable admixture contains 0.1% of the expandable substance having a particle size of more than 150 μm, the occurrence of pop-out can be suppressed, but small protrusion particles of about 0.5 to 1 mm. (Hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “small projection grains”) cannot be sufficiently suppressed. By making the content rate of the expansion | swelling substance exceeding a particle size of 100 micrometers into 1.0 mass% or less, generation | occurrence | production of the small protrusion grain on the concrete surface can be suppressed, and the concrete surface without the rough skin which impairs aesthetics can be obtained. it can.
また、本発明の膨張性混和材は、粒径５３μｍ〜１００μｍの膨張物質の含有率が１５％以上であることが好ましい。粒径５３〜１００μｍの含有率を１５％以上とすることによって、コンクリートを効果的に膨張させることができる。より好ましくは、１７％以上である。一方、含有率の上限は必ずしも限定されるものではないが、好ましくは４０％以下であり、より好ましくは３０％以下である。 Moreover, it is preferable that the expandable admixture of the present invention has a content of an expandable substance having a particle size of 53 to 100 μm of 15% or more. By setting the content ratio of the particle size of 53 to 100 μm to 15% or more, the concrete can be effectively expanded. More preferably, it is 17% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the content is not necessarily limited, but is preferably 40% or less, and more preferably 30% or less.
本発明の膨張性混和材に含まれる膨張物質について、その含有率は、日本工業規格（ ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２「骨材のふるい分け試験方法」） に準じて、当該粒径と同じ公称目開きの篩に留まる膨脹物質の質量から求めたものである。 Regarding the expansive substance contained in the expansive admixture of the present invention, the content is determined on a sieve having the same nominal aperture as the particle size in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS A 1102 “Aggregate Screening Test Method”). It is obtained from the mass of the expansion material that remains.
さらに、本発明の膨脹性混和材に含まれる膨張物質の粉末度は、ブレーン比表面積が、４０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下であることが好ましい。粉末度が４０００ｃｍ２／ｇより高くなると、膨張コンクリートのスランプロスに影響を及ぼす可能性があり、また、膨張性能も十分に得られない虞がある。より好ましくは３８００ｃｍ２／ｇ以下である。ブレーン比表面積の下限としては、２０００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上が好ましく、２３００ｃｍ２／ｇ以上がより好ましい。 Furthermore, the fineness of the expandable substance contained in the expandable admixture of the present invention is preferably such that the Blaine specific surface area is 4000 cm 2 / g or less. When the fineness is higher than 4000 cm 2 / g, there is a possibility that the slump loss of the expanded concrete may be affected, and the expansion performance may not be sufficiently obtained. More preferably, it is 3800 cm 2 / g or less. The lower limit of the Blaine specific surface area, preferably at least 2000cm 2 / g, 2300cm 2 / g or more is more preferable.
本発明の膨脹性混和材に含まれる膨張物質とは、セメント及び水とともに練混ぜた後、水和反応によって、水酸化カルシウムやエトリンガイト等を生成し、モルタルやコンクリートを膨張させる性能を有する物質であり、具体的には、生石灰、遊離石灰を含有する焼成物、アウィン（３ＣａＯ・３Ａｌ２Ｏ３・ＣａＳＯ４）等のカルシウムサルホアルミネート、カルシウムアルミノフェライト、カルシウムアルミノシリケート等が例示され、これらの一種または二種以上を用いることができる。これらのうち、生石灰や遊離石灰を含有する焼成物等の遊離石灰を含有する膨張物質、あるいは遊離石灰及とカルシウムサルホアルミネートとの両方を含む膨張物質が、少量で安定した高い膨張力を得やすいので好ましい。さらに、エトリンガイト等の生成を促し膨張効果を高めるために石膏が併用される場合には、この石膏も含めて膨張物質という。石膏としては無水石膏が好ましい。 The expansive substance contained in the expansive admixture of the present invention is a substance that has the ability to expand mortar and concrete by producing calcium hydroxide, ettringite, etc. by hydration after kneading with cement and water. Yes, specifically, calcined lime, calcined product containing free lime, calcium sulfoaluminate such as Awin (3CaO.3Al 2 O 3 .CaSO 4 ), calcium aluminoferrite, calcium aluminosilicate, etc. One kind or two or more kinds can be used. Among these, expansion materials containing free lime such as calcined products containing quick lime and free lime, or expansion materials containing both free lime and calcium sulfoaluminate, provide a stable and high expansion force in a small amount. It is preferable because it is easy. Furthermore, when gypsum is used in combination to promote the production of ettringite and the like and enhance the expansion effect, the gypsum is also referred to as an expansion material. As the gypsum, anhydrous gypsum is preferable.
本発明の膨張性混和材には、膨張物質以外に、本発明の効果を実質失わない範囲で、例えばモルタルやコンクリートに一般に使用されている混和材料を添加することができる。この混和材料として、例えば、減水剤、高性能減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、流動化剤を含む減水剤、収縮低減剤、凝結促進剤、凝結遅延剤、急結剤（材）、急硬剤（材）、増粘剤、保水剤、防錆剤、空気連行剤、消泡剤、起泡剤、防水材、撥水剤、白華防止剤、顔料、セメント用ポリマー、発泡剤、水中不分離性混和剤、繊維、シリカフュームやフライアッシュ等のポゾラン、高炉スラグ粉末、セメント、石灰石粉末等の石粉等が挙げられる。これらの一種又は二種以上を本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲で使用することができる。 To the expandable admixture of the present invention, in addition to the expandable substance, for example, an admixture generally used in mortar and concrete can be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not substantially lost. Examples of the admixture include water reducing agents, high performance water reducing agents, AE water reducing agents, high performance AE water reducing agents, water reducing agents including fluidizing agents, shrinkage reducing agents, setting accelerators, setting retarders, and quick setting agents (materials). ), Hardeners (materials), thickeners, water retention agents, rust preventives, air entraining agents, antifoaming agents, foaming agents, waterproofing materials, water repellents, whitening prevention agents, pigments, polymers for cement, Examples thereof include foaming agents, underwater inseparable admixtures, fibers, pozzolans such as silica fume and fly ash, blast furnace slag powder, cement and limestone powder. These 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used in the range which does not inhibit the effect by this invention.
本発明の膨脹性混和材を製造する方法は限定されない。例えば、市販の膨張材を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように、篩や分級機で分級することによって製造する方法、市販の膨張材を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕することによって製造する方法、少なくとも上記膨張物質を含む原材料を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕、あるいは粉砕後分級することによって製造する方法、上記膨張物質を本発明の膨脹性混和材となるように粉砕機で粉砕した粉砕物あるいは粉砕分級物に上記混和材料等を添加して製造する方法、これらを組み合わせた製造方法等によって製造することができる。 The method for producing the expandable admixture of the present invention is not limited. For example, a method for producing a commercially available expandable material by classification with a sieve or a classifier so that it becomes the expandable admixture of the present invention, a pulverizer so that the commercially available expandable material becomes the expandable admixture of the present invention The method of producing by pulverizing with a pulverizer, the method of producing by pulverizing at least a raw material containing the above-mentioned expansive substance with a pulverizer so as to become the expandable admixture of the present invention, or classifying after pulverization, and the above-mentioned expansive substance of the present invention It can be produced by a method of adding the above admixture or the like to a pulverized product or pulverized product obtained by pulverization so as to be an expandable admixture, a manufacturing method combining these, or the like.
本発明の膨脹性混和材は、打放しコンクリートに混和して用いる。膨張性混和材のコンクリート中の配合量は、収縮補償（１５０×１０−６〜２５０×１０−６）を目的とした標準添加量の範囲に設定する。２０±１０ｋｇ／ｍ３とすることが、膨張率が安定し易く且つ膨張性混和材無添加のコンクリートに比べて強度低下が起こり難いことから好ましく、より好ましくは２０±５ｋｇ／ｍ３とする。 The expandable admixture of the present invention is used by being mixed with exposed concrete. The compounding amount of the expansive admixture in the concrete is set within the range of the standard addition amount for the purpose of shrinkage compensation (150 × 10 −6 to 250 × 10 −6 ). 20 ± 10 kg / m 3 is preferable because it is easy to stabilize the expansion rate and is less likely to cause a decrease in strength as compared with concrete without an expandable admixture, and more preferably 20 ± 5 kg / m 3 .
本発明の打放しコンクリートに使用するセメントは、水和反応により硬化する水硬性セメントであれば何れのものでも良く、例えば、普通、早強、超早強、低熱、中庸熱、白色等の各種ポルトランドセメント、エコセメント、各種ポルトランドセメントにフライアッシュ、高炉スラグ、シリカヒューム等を混合した各種混合セメント、カラーセメント、アルミナセメント、カルシウムアルミネート、カルシウムフェロアルミネート、カルシウムサルホアルミネート、カルシウムアルミネートシリケート等の急硬成分を主体とする急硬性セメント、超速硬セメント等を用いることができ、これらを単独で使用し、または二種以上を併用することができる。 The cement used for the exposed concrete of the present invention may be any hydraulic cement that hardens by a hydration reaction. For example, various portland cements such as normal, early strength, ultra-early strength, low heat, moderate heat, and white are used. Various types of cement, fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc. mixed cement, color cement, alumina cement, calcium aluminate, calcium ferroaluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, calcium aluminate silicate, etc. A quick-hardening cement, a super-fast-hardening cement or the like mainly composed of the quick-hardening component can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の打放しコンクリートに使用する骨材は制限されず、例えば、川砂、陸砂、海砂、砕砂、珪砂、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石及び人工骨材等の一般に使用されるものを用いることができる。これらは一種または二種以上を併用することができる。 The aggregate used for the exposed concrete of the present invention is not limited, and for example, generally used materials such as river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, quartz sand, river gravel, land gravel, crushed stone and artificial aggregate are used. Can do. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の打放しコンクリートには、本発明の膨脹性混和材、および骨材、水以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、通常のモルタルやコンクリートに使用できる混和材料を添加することができる。この混和材料としては、例えば、高性能減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、流動化剤を含む減水剤、防水材（剤）、急結剤（材）、急硬剤（材）、顔料、撥水剤、発泡剤、起泡剤、消泡剤、遅延剤、硬化促進剤、収縮低減剤、増粘剤、水和熱抑制剤、保水剤、防錆剤、水中不分離性混和剤、セメント用ポリマー、石粉、粘土鉱物粉末、スラグ粉末、フライアッシュ、繊維、シリカフューム、フィラー等が挙げられ、これらの一種または二種以上を本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲で使用することができる。なお、本発明の膨張性混和材などを配合した打放しコンクリートの製造方法および使用方法は限定されない。 In addition to the expandable admixture of the present invention, aggregate, and water, an admixture that can be used for ordinary mortar and concrete can be added to the exposed concrete of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. . As this admixture, for example, a high-performance water reducing agent, a high-performance AE water-reducing agent, an AE water-reducing agent, a water-reducing agent containing a fluidizing agent, a waterproofing agent (agent), a quick setting agent (material), and a rapid hardening agent (material). , Pigment, Water repellent, Foaming agent, Foaming agent, Antifoaming agent, Delay agent, Curing accelerator, Shrinkage reducing agent, Thickener, Hydration heat inhibitor, Water retention agent, Rust preventive agent, Underwater separability Admixture, polymer for cement, stone powder, clay mineral powder, slag powder, fly ash, fiber, silica fume, filler, etc. may be mentioned, and one or two or more of these may be used within a range that does not impair the effect of the present invention. it can. In addition, the manufacturing method and usage method of exposed concrete which mix | blended the expansible admixture of this invention, etc. are not limited.
本発明の膨張性混和材を配合した打放しコンクリートによって、コンクリート表面に小突起粒が少なく、いわゆる肌荒れがなく美観に優れた建造物を形成することができる。 With the exposed concrete blended with the expandable admixture of the present invention, there can be formed a structure with few small projections on the concrete surface, so-called rough skin, and excellent appearance.
以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と共に示す。ただし、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Examples of the present invention are shown below together with comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
〔膨張性混和材の調整１〕
市販の石灰系膨張材またはエトリンガイト・石灰複合系膨張材を、日本工業規格に規定する試験用網篩（目開き５３μｍ、１００μｍ、１２５μｍ及び１５０μｍ）を用いて篩い分けを行い、表１に示す粒度分布の膨脹性混和材（本発明品Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、参考品Ｅ）を得た。
[Adjustment of expandable admixture 1]
The commercially available lime-based expansive material or ettringite / lime composite expansive material is screened using a test mesh sieve (mesh size 53 μm, 100 μm, 125 μm and 150 μm) specified in Japanese Industrial Standard, and the particle size shown in Table 1 A dispersible expandable admixture (invention products A, B, D, reference product E) was obtained.
〔膨張性混和材の調整２〕
珪石、バン土頁岩、酸化鉄、無水石膏及び工業用生石灰の混合物を、電気炉にて１４００℃で焼成し、遊離生石灰が７５質量％、エーライト（３ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２）が１５質量％、無水石膏（ＣａＳＯ４）が１０質量％含有する膨張性焼成物を得た。この膨張性焼成物をボールミルで粉砕し、上記と同様の篩を用いて篩い分けを行い膨張性混和材（本発明品Ｃ、参考品Ｆ）とした。
[Adjustment of expandable admixture 2]
A mixture of quartzite, van earth shale, iron oxide, anhydrous gypsum and industrial quicklime is baked in an electric furnace at 1400 ° C., 75% by weight of free quicklime, 15% by weight of alite (3CaO · SiO 2 ), anhydrous An expandable fired product containing 10% by mass of gypsum (CaSO 4 ) was obtained. This expandable fired product was pulverized with a ball mill and sieved using the same sieve as described above to obtain an expandable admixture (present product C, reference product F).
〔膨張コンクリートの製造〕
上記の膨張性混和材（ＥＸ）と、下記に示す使用材料を用い、表２に示すコンクリート配合で膨張コンクリートを製造した。
[Manufacture of expanded concrete]
Using the above expandable admixture (EX) and the materials shown below, expanded concrete was produced with the concrete composition shown in Table 2.
〔使用材料〕
セメント（Ｃ）： 普通ポルトランドセメント（ 太平洋セメント社製品）
粗骨材（Ｇ）： 栃木県産砕石（表乾密度２．６５ｇ／ｃｍ３）
細骨材（Ｓ）： 静岡県産陸砂（表乾密度２．６０ｇ／ｃｍ３）
減水剤（Ａｄ）： リグニンスルホン酸系ＡＥ減水剤
水（Ｗ）： 水道水
[Materials used]
Cement (C): Ordinary Portland cement (product of Taiheiyo Cement)
Coarse aggregate (G): Tochigi crushed stone (surface dry density 2.65 g / cm 3 )
Fine aggregate (S): Land sand from Shizuoka Prefecture (surface dry density 2.60 g / cm 3 )
Water reducing agent (Ad): Lignin sulfonic acid AE water reducing agent water (W): Tap water
〔コンクリートの製造方法〕
コンクリートの練り混ぜは、固体の材料（セメント、骨材及び膨張性混和材）をコンクリートミキサに投入後３０秒間混合（空練り）し、その後液体の材料（水、減水剤）をミキサ内に投入し、合計１２０秒間混合（本練り）した。本練りは、６０秒間混合後、一度ミキサを止めてミキサに付着したセメントを掻き落とした後、更に６０秒間混合することとした。
[Concrete production method]
For concrete mixing, solid materials (cement, aggregate and expansive admixture) are put into a concrete mixer, mixed (empty kneading) for 30 seconds, and then liquid materials (water, water reducing agent) are put into the mixer. And mixing (main kneading) for a total of 120 seconds. In this kneading, after mixing for 60 seconds, the mixer was once stopped and the cement adhering to the mixer was scraped off, and then mixed for another 60 seconds.
〔評価試験〕
作製したコンクリートの評価試験として、以下に示す通り、膨張率試験、スランプロス試験および肌面評価試験を行った。
（１）膨張率評価試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０２「コンクリート用膨張性混和材」のＡ法に準じて試験を行い、材齢７日の拘束膨張率を求めた。
（２）スランプロス試験
ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０１「コンクリートのスランプ試験方法」に準拠して試験を行い、練混ぜ直後と３０分経過後のスランプを測定し、スランプロスを評価した。
（３）肌面評価試験
材齢２８日のコンクリート供試体の肌面を、目視と指触により評価した。
〔Evaluation test〕
As an evaluation test of the produced concrete, an expansion coefficient test, a slump loss test, and a skin surface evaluation test were performed as shown below.
(1) Expansion rate evaluation test A test was performed in accordance with method A of JIS A 6202 "Expandable admixture for concrete" to obtain a restricted expansion rate at 7 days of age.
(2) Slump loss test A test was conducted in accordance with JIS A 1101 "Concrete slump test method", and the slump was measured immediately after mixing and after 30 minutes to evaluate the slump loss.
(3) Skin surface evaluation test The skin surface of a concrete specimen of 28 days of age was evaluated by visual observation and finger touch.
〔試験結果〕
試験結果を表３に示す。
本発明品の膨張性混和材を用いたコンクリート（実施例１〜４）の肌面は、いずれも小突起粒がほとんどみられず、きれいな肌面を呈していた。図１に実施例１のコンクリート表面の写真を示す。
一方、本発明品によらない膨張性混和材を用いた比較例１および２のコンクリートは、小突起粒が目立ち、指触もざらついた感触を呈し、いわゆる肌荒れ現象が認められた。図２に比較例１のコンクリート表面の写真を示す。
なお、実施例２のコンクリートは、肌荒れ現象は認められなかったが、スランプロスが大きく、また材齢７日の膨張率が１５６×１０−６と低い結果となった。
〔Test results〕
The test results are shown in Table 3.
The skin surface of the concrete (Examples 1 to 4) using the expansive admixture of the product of the present invention had a fine skin surface with almost no small protrusion grains. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the concrete surface of Example 1.
On the other hand, the concretes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using the expansive admixture not based on the product of the present invention showed a feeling that small protrusion grains were conspicuous and the touch was rough, and so-called rough skin phenomenon was observed. FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the concrete surface of Comparative Example 1.
In the concrete of Example 2, the rough skin phenomenon was not observed, but the slump loss was large, and the expansion rate at the age of 7 days was as low as 156 × 10 −6 .
Claims (4)
粒径１５０μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が０．１質量％以下であり、
かつ、粒径１００μｍを超える膨張物質の含有率が１．０質量％以下である
ことを特徴とする膨張性混和材。 It is an expansive admixture used for exposed concrete.
The content of the expanding material having a particle size of more than 150 μm is 0.1% by mass or less,
The expandable admixture is characterized in that the content of the expandable substance having a particle size exceeding 100 μm is 1.0% by mass or less.
An exposed concrete comprising the expandable admixture according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| JP2005162564A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-23 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Expansion material for mortar concrete and concrete using it |
| JP2006181895A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Box culvert and its manufacturing method |
| JP2007145670A (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Expansive admixture for resin-finished floor, and its use |
| JP2012229132A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-11-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Cement admixture and cement composition |
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| JP2005162564A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2005-06-23 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Expansion material for mortar concrete and concrete using it |
| JP2006181895A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Box culvert and its manufacturing method |
| JP2007145670A (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Taiheiyo Material Kk | Expansive admixture for resin-finished floor, and its use |
| JP2012229132A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-11-22 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Cement admixture and cement composition |
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| CN109206096A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-15 | 上海城建物资有限公司 | Clear-water concrete |
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