JP2018105841A - Liquid ring target type impact nuclear fusion reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nuclear fusion reactor for power enabling downsizing.SOLUTION: At a lower center of a cylindrical furnace, a circular ring-shaped nozzle is provided, then with this nozzle, liquid heavy hydrogen is continuously jetted up evenly to a predetermined height, and thereby a ring of the liquid heavy hydrogen is formed. On a ceiling surface and floor surface of the liquid heavy hydrogen ring, a container is provided, the liquid heavy hydrogen is input to a predetermined depth. A heavy hydrogen ion beam, which is accelerated from obliquely above, continuously collides toward the inner surface of the liquid heavy hydrogen ring through an interval between an upper end of the liquid heavy hydrogen ring and the container on the ceiling surface of the ring, thereby generating D+D primary nuclear fusion reaction for power and D+D secondary nuclear fusion reaction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a liquid ring target type collision fusion reactor.

It can be seen that Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-99965 (liquid ring target type pulse collision type fusion reactor) aims at a power fusion reactor. However, there are still many vague problems for those skilled in the art to produce as they are.

D + D Collision Type Fusion Experiment Report Transduction Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen
By M.D. L. E. Oliphant, Ph. D. (Messel Research Fellows of the Royal Society)
P. Hartek, ph. D. , And Lord Rutherford, o. M.M. , F.A. R. S.

Although this case is similar to the previous patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-99965), it is further improved for continuous operation.

I would like to express my opinion on “Domestic priority claim”. This case uses the previous patent application as the basic method and partially improves it. Therefore, it may be the main source to make “domestic priority claim”. Recently, however, a document has been issued by the "Japan Patent Attorneys Association", and this priority claim seems to have become more restrictive.

As a precaution, enter the patent applicant of the previous patent application.
Identification number: 392028309
Address: 1-1-12-209 Shinei, Narashino City, Chiba Prefecture
Name: Satoshi Fujiwara Phone: 047-478-7133
In other words, it is the same person as the applicant of this case. The filing date of the previous patent application is April 28, 2016, and this application is within one year.

Case of eliminating gaps on both sides of the liquid column: In Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-99965, the collision probability of the D particle beam as a liquid ring target was improved. However, both sides of each liquid column of the liquid ring are vacant, and no specific method for solving this problem is described.

Remodeling the upper and lower covers of the liquid ring from intermittent to continuous: In the previous patent application, the droplet disk was used to cover the vacant upper and lower surfaces in the center of the liquid ring, and use the moment when the droplet disk squirts and stops It was intermittent, and hindered the overall operating efficiency of the power fusion reactor.

Means of solution

(1) Case of gaps on both sides of each liquid column: Instead of arranging many liquid columns in a ring shape, one ring-shaped nozzle is used from the beginning. (See Figure 1)
Liquid deuterium is continuously spouted as one ring to form a liquid target ring.

Cases where the upper and lower covers were intermittent: Remodel the upper and lower plates (evaporation plate type) into a stationary type. (See Figure 1)

Advantage of shape of cylindrical furnace: In Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-230616, it was a spherical furnace, but since Japanese Patent Application No. 016-99965, it has been changed to a cylindrical shape. From the standpoint of actually designing the furnace, it is much easier to do. The ultra-low temperature liquid target is concentrated in the lower part of the cylindrical furnace. The exhaust gas from the furnace is mainly sucked out from the upper part of the furnace. The amount of suction from the top of the furnace is limited as much as possible to avoid temperature drop of the blanket inner wall.

Cylindrical furnace blanket: The light water flow path in the blanket is simplified. Fabrication of the blocks constituting the blanket is facilitated. Moreover, the calculation of thermal expansion is facilitated by stacking the same shape.

Problems with blanket materials: Various materials (such as SUS316L improvement materials) have been proposed to avoid the problem of hydrogen embrittlement. The design requires attention to a partial increase in tensile stress due to thermal expansion. (See Figure 3)

Effect of the invention

Growth potential and future potential of cylindrical furnace: Since the liquid target is shaped like a ring, the distance between the target and the accelerator set can be shortened. Therefore, the size of the nuclear fusion reactor can be started from the small size, and can be advanced to the large size while improving and accumulating results.
"Slowly going things go far away"

Omission of neutral tube: Since the distance between the accelerator set and the target can be shortened, there is no need to worry about the beam spread due to “Coulomb repulsion” during the flight of the D particle beam. The “tube” can be excluded, and the restriction on the intensity of the acceleration beam can be lifted. Further, since the D ion beam can be refracted at an arbitrary angle by the permanent magnet, the degree of freedom in arrangement increases.

First experiment: First, the method starts with a method (Tohoku Univ.) In which a D ion beam (100 KeV) accelerated obliquely from above is struck against liquid deuterium in a small dish. By this experiment, the outline of “D + D collision type fusion reaction” can be grasped. Valuable data such as the scattering direction and spatial density of “tritium” and “He” generated by this reaction can be obtained.
It would be even more encouraging if there was a “raindrop target type D + D collision-type fusion experiment report”.

Recovery method of by-product He: He gas and tritium gas in the light water in the blanket are recovered by a membrane gas separator. D gas and He gas in the furnace exhaust gas are separated by a “fractional distillation device”. (See Figure 2)

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant melted down due to the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in March 2011. This accident further increased the momentum of the nuclear power plant.

Global warming (abnormal weather) is gaining momentum year by year. The government promised the world to reduce CO2 emissions by 80% in 2050. Realization of a "clean power fusion reactor" is eagerly desired.

About the experimental report: In the classic, there is a paper "Translation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrology" (supra), written by three people, Olifant, Hartec, and Rutherford. Due to the limitations of the times, we are targeting deuterium compound liquids rather than pure deuterium, but this is basically the same as this case.

About the current type of experiment: It is estimated that the experiment with the raindrop target type or the liquid D target type on the small plate is currently in progress at some laboratory. The result of this experiment seems to have a great influence on "Munbun" and "Rokkasho Village". In addition, since there is a problem in the “reproduction experiment” of “STAP cells” in Japan, it is expected that it will be announced at an appropriate time.

Strengthen safety and health measures

Since the meltdown accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, everything with the word “nuclear” has been disliked. This case (liquid ring target type D + D collision type fusion reactor)
It is necessary to fully incorporate “safety and health measures” from the experimental design stage.

Problem of deuterium gas explosion: Since the reactor is kept in a low vacuum with a roots blower, there is a risk of air leaking from anywhere. The oxygen concentration in the mixed gas generated by the air is measured in “online / real time”, and when the specified value is exceeded, the power source of the ion source and the electric field accelerator is immediately shut off.

The problem of radioactive contamination: “Water wall for absorption” when designing the blanket so that particles with kinetic energy (He, T, α, H, P) generated by the D + D fusion reaction do not get out of the furnace Consideration should be made so that the effective length can be secured sufficiently. In order to prevent tritium from entering the ion source and the electric field accelerator, the “D ion beam” should be refracted in advance using a permanent magnet.

Tritium Recovery and Utilization Method: Some of the tritium (T) (1.01 MeV) generated by the D + D collision type fusion reaction does not collide with the liquid D and enters the blanket. Combining with dissolved oxygen in light water complicates subsequent processing. For this reason, the dissolved oxygen of light water is excluded as much as possible by the “vacuum deoxygenation method” or the like. By this method, tritium gas can be recovered as it is by a membrane separator.
Thereafter, it is separated from the He gas and stored by the “fractionation device”. In the future, it may be used as the main fuel for the liquid target type “D + T” collision type fusion reactor.

Overpressure relief valve in the blanket: As with a normal boiler, a simple rupture plate is installed. Unlike nuclear reactors, even if steam is released as it is, "residual high radioactive contamination" does not occur.

Explanatory drawing of the core of the liquid ring target fusion reactor He gas (T gas) recovery in furnace exhaust gas, recovery D liquid, and light water in blanket Thermal energy flow diagram Ideal gain of D + D primary / chain secondary fusion reaction Liquid Ring Target Collision Fusion Reactor Basic Experiment Plan (Draft A)

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

(Fig. 1): Liquid deuterium is made into a ring shape, and this is used as a target to collide an accelerated D beam to generate a primary fusion reaction and the resulting “tritium” and “He” are Explanatory drawing of the method of making a hydrogen ring and a liquid cover collide and generating a chain | strand secondary fusion reaction.

(Figure 2): (1) Flow chart of “furnace exhaust gas”: Furnace exhaust gas is sucked with a Roots blower, processed through a process, liquefied, and separated into D liquid and He gas by a fractionation device. to recover.
(2) Flow chart of recovered D liquid: As a liquid target, the recovered D liquid after use is processed once and then returned to the D liquid tank.
(3) He gas / T gas is recovered from “light water” in the blanket, and helium / T gas is recovered and cooled by a “membrane separator”. After “fractional distillation”, the He gas is used as a refrigerant in various places. Use T gas and store it separately. A pressure / flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the liquid level for “Liquid ring” and for adjusting “D liquid height of upper plate” is installed.

(Fig. 3) Thermal energy flow diagram: Light water in the cylindrical blanket is responsible for catching the particles with kinetic energy generated by the fusion reaction and converting them into thermal energy. Thereafter, in the same manner as the pressurized water nuclear power plant, the turbine generator is rotated and then returned from the condenser to the blanket through the circulation pump.

(Figure 4) D + D fusion reaction equation and theoretical gain (gain): The “Lawson condition” of “JD Lowson” calculates the thermal efficiency by omitting the energy to make the state of ultra high temperature and ultra high pressure. ing.
On the other hand, in this case, the total kinetic energy of colliding single D particles and the kinetic energy of various particles generated by nuclear fusion are compared, and a pure gain is handled.

(Fig. 5) Basic experiment plan (Draft A): The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the occurrence of a secondary secondary fusion reaction by a simple experiment.

LDTR: Liquid deuterium target ring RNZ: Ring nozzle LDTG: Liquid deuterium upper guard LDUG: Same as above Lower guard DACB: Deuterium acceleration beam ISACS: Ion source + deuterium ion acceleration system PDDF: D + D primary collision type nuclear fusion generation site Is conceptually illustrated by taking up only one beam and I place.
EQPT: Liquid deuterium pressure equalization tank SPP: Liquid deuterium supply pipe EXP: Liquid deuterium discharge pipe HDS: “Upper” liquid deuterium receiving pan LDS: “Lower” liquid deuterium receiving pan HOP: Upper pan overflow pipe LOP: Lower Dish overflow pipe HDSP: Liquid deuterium supply pipe HSGH: Outline of groove and hole machining on the bottom of the upper dish

Tritium recovery / utilization method: A small part of tritium (T) (1.01 MeV) generated by the D + D collision-type fusion reaction enters the blanket without colliding with or fusion with liquid D. It is assumed that there is. When combined with dissolved oxygen in light water, it becomes tritium water (HTO), which complicates subsequent processing. For this reason, dissolved oxygen in light water is removed in advance as much as possible by the “vacuum deoxygenation method” or the like. In addition, in order to suppress as much as possible tritium water (HTO) generated by collision of the entering T particles with light water, as much dissolved hydrogen as possible is mixed by the “nano bubble method” or the like. By these methods, tritium is recovered as it is with a membrane separator. Thereafter, it is separated from the He gas and stored by a “fractionation device”. When a predetermined amount of this tritium gas (T) is stored, it is supplied to a specific ion accelerator set of this fusion reactor to generate a “D + T” reaction. In other words, as a “D + D + (T)” type nuclear fusion reactor, the tritium recovery and utilization problem is solved.

A swirl tank (SPRT) is provided at the lower center of the pressure equalizing tank (EQPT) to supply liquid deuterium (D liquid) in the tangential direction. The liquid D rises while swirling, enters the pressure equalizing tank, and spouts from the ring nozzle (RNZ) while swirling to form a liquid ring (LDTR) that becomes a target. Of the liquid D that has risen to a predetermined height, the liquid that falls to the inside of the ring passes through the center of the pressure equalizing tank / swirl tank from the center overflow pipe (LOP) of the lower plate (LDS) and passes through the lower box ( JOIB) and discharged. The D liquid falling outside the liquid ring joins the lower box through a discharge route such as a U-shaped groove on the outside of the ring nozzle. A ring cover (RNGC) made of highly heat insulating silicon foam is provided outside the liquid ring to block radiant heat from the blanket. Above the liquid ring, an upper dish (HDS) containing D liquid for catching scattered tritium (T) particles (NC processing is performed so that the D liquid is dripped or dropped) is provided at the lower part. D liquid is supplied to this upper plate by another pipe (HDSP). When a D ion beam (DACB) with a predetermined velocity is collided from the ion source / accelerator set (ISACS) to the height of the center of the liquid ring, a primary fusion reaction occurs at that position (PDDF). Furthermore, a linked secondary fusion reaction occurs. (Fig. 4)

EQPT: Pressure equalizing tank SPRT: Swivel tank RNZ: Ring nozzle LDTR: Liquid deuterium target ring LOP: Lower tray overflow pipe JOIB: Lower discharge collecting box RNGC: Liquid ring insulation cover HDS: Upper plate LDS: Lower plate HDSP: D liquid supply pipe for upper plate ISACS: Ion source / accelerator set PDDF: D ion beam collision / fusion reaction position HDSC: Thermal insulation cover for upper plate HOP: Overflow pipe for upper plate SPP: D liquid supply pipe EXP: D Liquid discharge pipe DACB: D particle acceleration ion beam HSGH: Outline of groove and hole machining on bottom of bottom plate

Claims (1)

A circular ring nozzle is provided at the center of the lower portion of the cylindrical furnace, and liquid deuterium is continuously spouted uniformly from the nozzle to a predetermined height to form a liquid deuterium ring. Each container is provided on the ceiling surface and floor surface where the ring of liquid deuterium is present, and liquid deuterium is placed in a predetermined depth. To the inner surface of the liquid deuterium ring, a beam of deuterium ions accelerated obliquely from above is continuously collided through the gap between the upper end of the liquid deuterium ring and the ring ceiling surface container, and the D + D primary nucleus for power A method for generating a fusion reaction as well as a D + D secondary fusion reaction.

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