JP2018071313A - Hot water supply system in bathtub - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hot water supply system for a bathtub capable of executing hot water even when a drain valve of a manual drain mechanism is opened.SOLUTION: The present invention is directed to a hot water supply system of a bathtub, where a drain valve 11 of the hot water supply system is advanced and retracted between an advance position where a wire 12 advances and a retreat position where the wire 12 retreats by operating the opening and closing operation section to open or close the drain valve. The present invention comprises: a cylinder 4, a branch pipe 44, and a power transmission mechanism 3, where the cylinder is provided in a vicinity of a wire 12, the branch pipe introduces a part of hot water into the cylinder 4 to expand and contract the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 when the hot water circulates in a circulation pipe line 9a, the power transmission mechanism prohibits expansion and contraction movement of the piston 42 from being transmitted to the wire 12 when the hot water is introduced into the cylinder via the branch pipe 44 in a state where the wire 12 is in the closed position, and the power transmission mechanism transmits the expansion and contraction motion of the piston 42 to the wire 12 to move the wire 12 forward and backward to the closed position when the hot water is introduced into the cylinder via the branch pipe in the state where the wire 12 is in the open position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a hot water supply system for a bathtub provided with a remotely operated manual drainage mechanism such as a pop-up drainage mechanism that manually opens and closes a drain plug.

  In a conventional bathtub hot water supply system in which hot water is supplied from an outdoor water heater into the bathtub, it is well known to remotely open and close the drain plug. For example, in a hot water supply system for a bathtub shown in Patent Document 1 below, a drain operation section such as an operation button is provided on the edge of the bathtub, and the operation button is pressed to provide a drain outlet on the bottom wall of the bathtub. Pop-up type drainage mechanism that can open and close the drain plug is installed. In the pop-up drainage mechanism, an operation button and a drain plug are connected by a power transmission wire, and when the operation button is pressed, the wire is driven forward and backward to open and close the drain plug. In such a pop-up type drainage mechanism, a manual open / close type (mechanical open / close type) drainage mechanism that performs forward / backward movement of the wire based on an operation force by a user, and an electric open / close type drainage mechanism that is performed based on a driving force of a motor or the like. There is a drainage mechanism.

  On the other hand, in a hot water supply system for a bathtub as described above, hot water is sometimes applied while the drain plug is open due to a user's misunderstanding or the like. For example, it may be misunderstood that the drain plug is in an open state even though the drain plug is open, or it may be misunderstood that the closure operation is reliable even though the operation button is not fully operated and the drain plug is not blocked. Therefore, the supply of hot water may be started in an open state. Needless to say, hot water cannot be stored in the bathtub, resulting in poor hot water (hot water error).

JP 2002-263019 A

  Under such circumstances, in a hot water supply system for a bathtub provided with an electric open / close drainage mechanism, a technique for preventing the occurrence of the hot water error by automatic control of a controller (control panel) has been proposed. . For example, an open / closed state detection sensor that detects the open / closed state of the drain plug is provided. Based on information from the sensor, when the drain plug is open during hot water, the drain plug is blocked by a command from the controller. By setting so as to do, the occurrence of the hot water error can be prevented.

  However, in a hot water supply system for a bathtub equipped with a manual open / close drainage mechanism, there is no effective countermeasure that can prevent the occurrence of the hot water error, and the countermeasure is a current problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problem, and even if apologizing with the drain plug of the remote-operated manual drainage mechanism opened, even if the hot water is started, the hot water is reliably stored in the bathtub. An object is to provide a hot water supply system for a bathtub.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention comprises the following means.

[1] A drainage plug provided at the drain outlet of the bathtub is provided with a manual drainage mechanism connected to the opening / closing operation part via a wire, and the advancement position and the retreat position where the wire has advanced by operation of the opening / closing operation part The forward and backward movement between the advanced position and the retracted position is configured such that one of the advanced position and the retracted position is an open position where the drain plug is opened, and the other is a closed position where the drain plug is closed. Hot water supply system for a bathtub,
A power generation mechanism that generates power using the water flow as a power source when hot water flows in a distribution pipe that supplies hot water from the water heater to the bathtub;
When power is generated by the power generation mechanism with the wire in the closed position, the power is prohibited from being transmitted to the wire, and the power is with the wire in the open position. A hot water supply system for a bathtub, comprising: a power transmission mechanism that transmits the power to the wire when the power is generated by the generating means and moves the power to the closed position.

[2] a cylinder as the power generation mechanism;
One end is connected to the cylinder, the other end is connected to the flow pipe, and when hot water flows through the flow pipe, a part of the hot water is introduced into the cylinder, A branch pipe that expands and contracts the piston,
The power transmission mechanism prohibits transmission of the expansion and contraction motion of the piston to the wire when hot water is introduced into the cylinder through the branch pipe with the wire in the closed position. In addition, when hot water is introduced into the cylinder through the branch pipe with the wire in the open position, the expansion and contraction motion of the piston is transmitted to the wire, and the wire is The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to the preceding item 1, which is configured to move forward and backward to a closed position.

[3] The opening / closing operation unit is constituted by an operation button that can be pushed,
When the advance position is the open position and the retracted position is the closed position, the manual drainage mechanism is configured to switch the wire from the retracted position to the advanced position by pressing the operation button; The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to the preceding item 1 or 2, which is a push-type manual drainage mechanism that can perform both switching from an advanced position to the retracted position.

[4] The opening / closing operation unit is constituted by an operation button that can be pushed,
When the advance position is the open position and the retracted position is the closed position, the manual drainage mechanism is configured to switch the wire from the retracted position to the advanced position by pressing the operation button; It is a push type manual drainage mechanism that enables both switching from the advance position to the retracted position,
The power transmission mechanism is between an operation piece fixed at a position corresponding to the cylinder in the wire, and the operation piece of the wire at the advanced position and the operation piece of the wire at the retracted position. An action piece arranged and moved in the advancing direction of the wire by the expansion and contraction movement of the piston,
When the action piece moves in the advance direction while the wire is in the advance position, the action piece pushes the wire and the operation button in the advance direction through the operation piece, and the wire The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to item 2 above, wherein when the operating piece moves in the advancing direction while being in the retracted position, the operating piece is prevented from interfering with the operating piece. .

  According to the hot water supply system for a bathtub of the invention [1], even if hot water is applied with the drain plug of a remote-operated manual drain mechanism such as a pop-up manual drain mechanism open, the drain plug is automatically blocked. Therefore, even when the drain plug is in an open state, hot water can be applied without any problem, and hot water can be reliably stored in the bathtub.

  According to the hot water supply system for a bathtub of the invention [2], the above effect can be obtained more reliably.

  According to the hot water supply system for a bathtub of inventions [3] and [4], the hot water beam is similar to the above even when the drain plug is open, in contrast to the push-type drain mechanism that opens and closes the drain plug only by pushing operation. Can be performed without hindrance.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a hot water supply system for a bathtub according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2: is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the hot-water supply system of the bathtub in embodiment in the drain plug obstruction | occlusion state. Drawing 3 is a sectional view for explaining operation at the time of performing hot water in the hot water supply system of the bathtub of the embodiment in the state where the drain tap is closed. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of the hot water supply system for a bathtub in the embodiment in a state where the drain plug is open. FIG. 5: is sectional drawing for demonstrating the operation | movement at the time of performing hot water beam with the drain plug open state in the hot water supply system of the bathtub of embodiment, FIG. 5 (a) shows the state immediately before the drain plug is closed. FIG. 2B is a sectional view showing a state immediately after the drain plug is closed.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a hot water supply system for a bathtub according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, in this hot water supply system, a hot water supply adapter 9 is attached to the side wall of the bathtub B in a penetrating manner, and an outdoor hot water supply 91 and a hot water supply adapter 9 are connected to two pipes 9a and 9b. They are connected by an outer pipe (distribution pipe). During hot water filling, hot water discharged from the water heater 91 is discharged from the hot water supply adapter 9 into the bathtub through the forward pipe 9a and the return pipe 9b. In this way, hot water is supplied by a double conveyance method when hot water is poured. When reheating, the hot water in the bathtub is sucked into the return pipe 9b from the hot water inlet adapter 9 and returned to the hot water heater 91, where the hot water is heated, and then the hot water is heated from the hot water outlet adapter 9 through the forward pipe 9a. It is comprised so that it may discharge in. In this way, hot water is circulated in the bathtub B and between the water heaters 91 at the time of reheating.

  Further, in the bathtub B of the present embodiment, the drain plug 11 provided at the drainage port 95 on the bottom wall is opened and closed by pressing an operation button 20 as an opening / closing operation unit provided at an edge of the bathtub B or the like. The manual drainage mechanism 1 called the push type and the knock type as described above is employed.

  In this embodiment, the manual drainage mechanism 1 includes a drain plug 11, an operation mechanism portion 2 including an operation button 20, and a wire 12 that connects the drain plug 11 and the operation mechanism portion 2 as basic components. Yes.

  The drain plug 11 is attached to the drain port 95 so as to be movable up and down. In the raised state, the drain plug 11 is separated from the drain port 95 to open the drain port 95, and in the lowered state, the drain plug 95 is in close contact with the drain port 95. The drain port 95 is configured to be closed.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a hot water supply system for a bathtub in the embodiment in a state where the drain plug is closed, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the drain tap in an open state. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the operation mechanism unit 2 includes a substantially cylindrical button holder 21 that is attached to the edge of the bathtub B in a penetrating state. A substantially disk-shaped operation button 20 is attached to the button holder 21 so as to be movable up and down.

  A lock mechanism 23 is provided below the button holder 21. A button shaft 22 is fixed to the lower surface of the operation button 20 along the axis, and the button shaft 22 is attached to the lock mechanism 23 so as to penetrate vertically.

  The upper end of a cylindrical spring casing 24 is fixed to the lower end of the locking mechanism 23, and the one end side (upper end side) of the wire 12 is inserted into the spring casing 24 and one end of the wire 12 is placed. (Upper end) is fixed to the lower end of the button shaft 22. Further, a coil spring (biasing means) 25 is accommodated in the spring casing 24 so as to be disposed outside the wire 12. When the operation button 20 is pushed downward from the initial position shown in FIG. 2, the operation button 20, the button shaft 22 and the wire 12 are integrated with each other against the urging force of the coil spring 25 as shown in FIG. 4. It is designed to move downward (advance direction) while compressing.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 4, the lock mechanism 23 employed in the present embodiment includes a lock unit that locks the wire 12 in a state in which the wire 12 is moved to a lower position by pressing the operation button 20, and the wire 12 is moved downward by the lock unit. When the operation button 20 is further pressed to move the wire 12 slightly downward (in the advancing direction) while being locked at the position, there is provided unlocking means for releasing the lock by the locking means. When the lock is released by the lock release means, the wire 12 and the operation button 20 move upward (retracting direction) by the urging force of the coil spring 25, and return to the initial position (upward position) shown in FIG. It has become. Therefore, only the pressing operation of the operation button 20 allows the operation button 20 and the wire 12 to be switched from the upper position to the lower position and from the lower position to the upper position.

  As described above, the other end of the wire 12 is connected to the drain plug 11, and when the operation button 20 and the wire 12 are in the upper position (initial position) as shown in FIG. 2, the drain plug 11 is lowered. The state, that is, the state where the drainage port 95 is closed. Further, when the operation button 20 and the wire 12 are lowered and locked at the lower position by pressing the operation button 20 from the closed state as shown in FIG. 4, the drain plug 11 is pushed upward by the wire 12. An elevated state, that is, an open state in which the drainage port 95 is opened.

  In the present embodiment, in the operation button 20 and the wire 12, the raised position (upper position) shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to the retracted position (closed position), and the lowered position (lower position) shown in FIG. 4 is the advanced position. This corresponds to (open position).

  A power transmission mechanism 3 is disposed below the spring casing 24 so as to correspond to the wire 12, and a cylinder 4 is disposed in the vicinity of the power transmission mechanism 3.

  The cylinder 4 includes a cylindrical cylinder body 41 arranged along the top and bottom, a piston 42 accommodated in the cylinder body 41 so as to protrude upward (on one end side), and the cylinder body 41 outside the piston 42. And a coil spring 43 accommodated so as to be disposed. Further, one end of the branch pipe 44 is connected to the lower end (the other end) of the cylinder body 41, and the other end of the branch pipe 44 is connected to the forward pipe 9 a disposed between the bathtub B and the outdoor water heater 91. . When hot water flows through the forward pipe 9 a, a part of the hot water is introduced to the lower end side (the other end side) of the cylinder body 41 through the branch pipe 44, and the piston 42 attaches the coil spring 43 by the water pressure. The coil spring 43 is compressed against the force and moved upward (one end side) while projecting (extending) upward. Further, when the water pressure in the cylinder body 41 decreases due to the stop of the flow of hot water in the forward pipe 9a, the piston 42 moves downward (on the other end side) by the urging force of the coil spring 43, and the inside of the cylinder body 41 (Contract). In this way, when the hot water in the forward pipe 9a is supplied / stopped, the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 moves forward and backward (extends and contracts).

  The power transmission mechanism 3 includes an operation piece 30, a feed gear 31, and a one-way clutch lever 32. The operation piece 30 is fixed to a portion of the wire 12 drawn from the lower end of the spring casing 24, and is configured to move forward and backward (up and down movement) together with the wire 12.

  The feed gear 31 has six teeth (gear teeth) provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and rotates around an axis orthogonal to the axis of the wire 12 so that the teeth correspond to the operation piece 30. It is attached freely. The feed gear 31 is configured to rotate by one pitch (1/6 round) in the counterclockwise direction while regulating clockwise rotation toward the paper surface of FIG. 2 by a ratchet mechanism or the like (not shown).

  The one-way clutch lever 32 is attached so that its proximal end is rotatable about the same axis as the feed gear 31, and transmits only one-way (counterclockwise) rotational movement of the one-way clutch lever 32 to the feed gear 31. The rotational movement in the direction (clockwise direction) is not transmitted to the feed gear 31.

  The tip of the one-way clutch lever 32 is disposed so as to protrude outward from the feed gear 31, and the tip of the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 is rotatably and slidably attached to the tip of the lever 32. ing.

  In this configuration, when the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 extends due to the flow of hot water in the forward pipe 9a, the one-way clutch lever 32 rotates by a predetermined amount counterclockwise and the feed gear 31 rotates counterclockwise by one pitch. . Thereafter, when the flow of hot water stops, the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 contracts and the one-way clutch lever 32 rotates a predetermined amount in the reverse direction (clockwise) to return to the initial position, but the feed gear 31 is in the reverse direction. It does not rotate (clockwise) and remains in the state after rotation. Since the feed gear 31 rotates one pitch at a time, if the teeth are not distinguished, the tooth positions are always arranged at the same position regardless of the rotation.

  In the present embodiment, among the six teeth of the feed gear 31, the tooth 31 a disposed on the upper left side as viewed in FIG. 2 is the operation piece 30 of the wire 12 in the upper position as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, it is arranged between the operation piece 30 of the wire 12 at the lower position, and the upper left tooth 31a functions as an action piece.

  That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, when the operation button 20 and the wire 12 are in the upper position (closed position) and the drain port 95 is closed (closed state), the upper left tooth of the feed gear 31 31a is comprised so that it may be arrange | positioned under the collar part of the operation piece 30. FIG. Even if hot water circulates in the forward pipe 9a in this state and the feed gear 31 rotates by one pitch, the upper left tooth 31a of the feed gear 31 does not interfere with the operation piece 30 as shown in FIG. The drain port 95 is maintained in a closed state.

  On the other hand, when the operation button 20 and the wire 12 are locked by the lock mechanism 23 at the lower position (open position) and the drain port 95 is opened (open state) as shown in FIG. The teeth 31 a are configured to be disposed on the upper side of the collar portion of the operation piece 30. In this state, when hot water flows through the forward pipe 9a and the feed gear 31 rotates, the upper left tooth 31a hits the operation piece 30 and pushes the operation piece 30 together with the wire 12 by a small amount as shown in FIG. After that, the rotation for one pitch is completed, and it moves to the upper left as shown in FIG. As described above, when the wire 12 is pushed downward by the teeth 31a through the operation piece 30 in this manner, the lock mechanism 23 unlocks the wire 12 and the operation button 20 at the open position (downward position), and the coil spring. The urging force of 25 raises the wire 12 and the operation button 20 to return to the closed position (upper position). As a result, the drain plug 11 is drawn by the wire 12 and descends, and the drain port 95 is closed. Here, the upper left tooth 31 a and the lower left tooth of the feed gear 31 are configured to be disposed outside the movable range of the operation piece 30, and the operation piece 30 rises as the wire 12 rises. However, the operation piece 30 does not come into contact with the feed gear 31, and the wire 12 (operation piece 30) is raised without any problem.

  As described above, in the hot water supply system for a bathtub according to this embodiment, when hot water flows through the forward pipe 9a with the drain port 95 opened, the drain port 95 is blocked by the drain plug 11. For this reason, when hot water is apologized with the drain plug 11 opened, hot water flows through the forward pipe 9a by the hot water and the drain port 95 is automatically closed. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of a hot water error that fails to store hot water in the bathtub during hot water filling.

  Further, when hot water is applied as usual with the drain port 95 closed, even if hot water circulates in the forward pipe 9a by the hot water, the drain port 95 is maintained in the closed state. Normal hot water can be carried out without any problem.

  In the above embodiment, the power transmission mechanism 3 is configured to transmit the expansion / contraction motion of the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 to the operation piece 30 of the wire 12 via the one-way clutch lever 32 and the feed gear 31. In the present invention, in the present invention, when the wire is in the closed position, the expansion and contraction movement of the piston is prohibited from being transmitted to the wire, and in the state where the wire is in the open position, the expansion and contraction movement of the piston is Any mechanism can be used as long as it is a power transmission mechanism that is transmitted to the wire and moves the wire to the closed position. For example, a power transmission mechanism using a lever (lever) can also be employed. That is, one end (power point side) of the lever is connected to the tip of the piston 42, the rotation shaft (fulcrum) is set at the same position as the rotation shaft of the feed gear 31 of the embodiment, and the other end (action point side) is the embodiment. When the piston 42 is extended, one end of the lever is lifted and the other end of the lever is lowered and the other end is used to operate the wire operation piece. May be configured to be pushed downward.

  Needless to say, in the present invention, the number of teeth, the pitch, and the like of the feed gear are not limited to those of the above embodiment.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the case where this invention is applied to the bathtub provided with the push-type (knock-type) manual drainage mechanism 1 which opens and closes the drain plug 11 only by pushing operation button 20 as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in the present invention, other pop-up type (wire type) manual drainage mechanism, for example, pulls or pushes an operation knob as an opening / closing operation unit so as to open / close the drain plug. It can also be applied to a bathtub equipped with a manual drainage mechanism.

 Moreover, in the said embodiment, when the piston 42 of the cylinder 4 expand | extends (advances), it is comprised so that the drain plug 11 may switch from an open state to a blockade state, but it is not restricted only to it, In this invention, a cylinder When the piston is contracted (retracted), the drain plug may be switched from the open state to the closed state.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, when the wire 12 advances, it is comprised so that the drain plug 11 may open | release, and when it reverse | retreats, it is comprised, but it is not restricted to it, In this invention, when a wire advances. You may comprise so that it may open | release when a drain plug is obstruct | occluded and it reverse | retreats.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the cylinder 4 is used as the power generation mechanism has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited to the flow of hot water flowing in the flow pipe such as the forward pipe 9a (water pressure). Any mechanism can be employed as long as it is a mechanism that generates power using a power source. For example, a water turbine that is rotated by hot water flowing in the distribution pipe is installed as a power generation mechanism, and the rotational movement of the water turbine is transmitted to the wire 12 by the power transmission mechanism 3 such as the feed gear 31 to transmit the wire 12. It may be configured to move forward and backward.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the branch pipe 44 for supplying hot water to the cylinder 4 is connected to the forward pipe 9a has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited to the hot water beam as in the above embodiment. In the case of a double-conveying hot water supply system in which hot water is sometimes supplied to the bathtub through both the forward pipe and the return pipe, a branch pipe may be connected to the return pipe as a return pipe.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to a circulation type hot water supply system that can circulate hot water between a bathtub and a hot water heater is described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is a hot water type. The present invention can also be applied to a hot water supply system such as a hot water supply system that only supplies hot water from a water heater to a bathtub.

  The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to the present invention can be applied to, for example, a bathtub equipped with a pop-up type manual drainage mechanism.

1: Manual drainage mechanism 11: Drain plug 12: Wire 20: Operation button (open / close operation unit)
3: Power transmission mechanism 30: Operation piece 31a: Gear teeth (action piece)
4: Cylinder 42: Piston 44: Branch pipe 9a: Outward pipe (distribution pipe line)
91: Outdoor water heater 95: Drain port B: Bathtub

Claims (4)

The drain plug provided at the drain outlet of the bathtub is provided with a manual drainage mechanism connected to the opening / closing operation part via a wire, and the advancement position where the wire has advanced and the retraction position where the wire has advanced by the operation of the opening / closing operation part Of the bathtub configured so that one of the advance position and the retreat position is an open position where the drain plug is opened, and the other is a closed position where the drain plug is closed. A hot water system,
A power generation mechanism that generates power using the water flow as a power source when hot water flows in a distribution pipe that supplies hot water from the water heater to the bathtub;
When power is generated by the power generation mechanism with the wire in the closed position, the power is prohibited from being transmitted to the wire, and the power is with the wire in the open position. A hot water supply system for a bathtub, comprising: a power transmission mechanism that transmits the power to the wire when the power is generated by the generating means and moves the power to the closed position. A cylinder as the power generation mechanism;
One end is connected to the cylinder, the other end is connected to the flow pipe, and when hot water flows through the flow pipe, a part of the hot water is introduced into the cylinder, A branch pipe that expands and contracts the piston,
The power transmission mechanism prohibits transmission of the expansion and contraction motion of the piston to the wire when hot water is introduced into the cylinder through the branch pipe with the wire in the closed position. In addition, when hot water is introduced into the cylinder through the branch pipe with the wire in the open position, the expansion and contraction motion of the piston is transmitted to the wire, and the wire is The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to claim 1, wherein the hot water supply system is configured to move forward and backward to a closed position. The opening / closing operation part is constituted by an operation button that can be pushed,
When the advance position is the open position and the retracted position is the closed position, the manual drainage mechanism is configured to switch the wire from the retracted position to the advanced position by pressing the operation button; 3. The hot water supply system for a bathtub according to claim 1, wherein the hot water supply system is a push-type manual drainage mechanism that can perform both switching from an advanced position to the retracted position. The opening / closing operation part is constituted by an operation button that can be pushed,
When the advance position is the open position and the retracted position is the closed position, the manual drainage mechanism is configured to switch the wire from the retracted position to the advanced position by pressing the operation button; It is a push type manual drainage mechanism that enables both switching from the advance position to the retracted position,
The power transmission mechanism is between an operation piece fixed at a position corresponding to the cylinder in the wire, and the operation piece of the wire at the advanced position and the operation piece of the wire at the retracted position. An action piece arranged and moved in the advancing direction of the wire by the expansion and contraction movement of the piston,
When the action piece moves in the advance direction while the wire is in the advance position, the action piece pushes the wire and the operation button in the advance direction through the operation piece, and the wire 3. The hot water supply for a bathtub according to claim 2, wherein when the action piece moves in the advancing direction in the state of being in the retracted position, the action piece is prevented from interfering with the operation piece. system.

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